EP4301476A1 - Schwimmflosse - Google Patents
SchwimmflosseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4301476A1 EP4301476A1 EP23704332.8A EP23704332A EP4301476A1 EP 4301476 A1 EP4301476 A1 EP 4301476A1 EP 23704332 A EP23704332 A EP 23704332A EP 4301476 A1 EP4301476 A1 EP 4301476A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- holder
- blades
- blade
- elongate
- foot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 102
- 210000000006 pectoral fin Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004744 fore-foot Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B31/00—Swimming aids
- A63B31/08—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs
- A63B31/10—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet
- A63B31/11—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B31/00—Swimming aids
- A63B31/08—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs
- A63B31/10—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet
- A63B31/11—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet
- A63B2031/112—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet with means facilitating walking, e.g. rectractable, detachable or pivotable blades
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B31/00—Swimming aids
- A63B31/08—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs
- A63B31/10—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet
- A63B31/11—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet
- A63B2031/115—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet with blade at an angle to the plane of the foot when in use, e.g. to reduce plantar flexion
Definitions
- This invention relates to swimming aids, underwater exercise and muscle toning and may be used in the construction of a foot-mount flipper.
- FR 2931690 A1 discloses a swim fin with a foot part that can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer and a swim fin blade that is fastened to the tip of the foot part.
- the swimming fin blade has an elongated bracket and at least two streamlined blades.
- the blades are mounted on both sides in the elongate holder such that they can rotate back and forth by a predeterminable angle in both directions about pivot axes running transversely to a longitudinal axis of the elongate holder.
- the blades are mounted in the elongated holder using a common axle.
- the foot piece attachable to the swimmer's foot comprises a reinforced sole to which the elongated holder of the swimming fin blade is attached.
- the longitudinal axis of the elongate holder is inclined at an angle of 12° with respect to the sole of the foot part During fin flapping movements, the elongate support rotates and/or flexes relative to the foot portion attachable to the swimmer's foot.
- the material from which the elongated holder is made is stiff enough not to deform excessively in bending and torsion.
- WO 2010/140965 A1 discloses a swim fin with a foot part that can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer and has a toe part and a swim fin blade that is fastened to the foot part.
- the swim fin blade includes an elongated bracket and at least one streamlined blade extending transversely to a longitudinal axis of the elongated bracket.
- the blade is mounted on both sides in the elongate holder such that it can be rotated back and forth in both directions about a pivot axis running transversely to a longitudinal axis of the elongate holder.
- the elongate retainer is rigidly disposed at the toe at an angle of between 20° and 60° of its longitudinal axis relative to the sole of the foot portion.
- the shovel may be hollow to fill with water during diving.
- the blade tips also referred to as side edges, can be delimited by vertical wall parts.
- the elongated holder can also be arranged so as to protrude obliquely, deviating from the longitudinal axis of the foot part.
- the technical solution comes closest to the swimming fin known from FR 2 931 690 A1.
- This includes a shoe that is connected to one or more blade devices.
- the vane assembly includes an elongate holder having a cylindrical receiving bore extending therethrough perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. It further comprises a propulsion part consisting of two streamlined blades. These are mounted with their side surface on both sides on an axle. The leading edge of the blades runs parallel to this axis, which is rotatably mounted in the mounting hole of the holder.
- angle of attack "leading edge”, “chord” and “blade” are borrowed from aerodynamics.
- the specification includes a fin design that includes vane pivot stops. These are connected to a rod that can be moved inside the holder. It has a thread at the end onto which a knurled knob is screwed for adjustment. It also states that the swimmer must turn the knurled knob located at the holder end by hand to adjust the paddle angle. This will change the blade pitch angle relative to the holder.
- the swimmer must stop and pause their progression in the water each time to make the above adjustment. It should also be noted that it is not entirely convenient to carry out this operation without removing the flipper from the foot.
- the holder is rigidly designed to avoid deformation when the flipper is used.
- a rigid, dimensionally stable holder is also necessary to prevent the device for adjusting the angle of attack of blades from getting stuck.
- the description also states that the holder is inclined by about 10 degrees in relation to the sole of the foot. Such a holder construction makes entry into the Water from land much more difficult with flippers already on.
- the efficiency of the swim fin was evaluated on a dynamometric test bench.
- the principle diagram of the test stand is shown in Fig. 12.
- the method for evaluating the effectiveness of the fins was as follows:
- the flipper to be evaluated was placed on the lower horizontal bar of the test bench,
- the test bench drive generated down and up movements of the horizontal bar with constant frequency.
- Blade against the water flow increases by leaps and bounds.
- the change in forces during the flapping movement of the fins is shown more clearly using the example of a shovel in FIG.
- the water pressure P acts on the surface of the shovel. This creates a force Q that is directly proportional to the product of this pressure and the blade area projection.
- K a constant coefficient for the given flow velocity
- reaction force R is calculated using the following formula:
- Cw is the drag coefficient
- the fin vane in this case can be viewed as a plate. Cw is 1. Accordingly, F can be assumed to be equal to Q.
- the force that is applied to the swim fin to overcome the flow resistance F corresponds to the expenditure of energy that is converted into the reaction force R.
- FIG. 11 Three diagrams (a, b, c) in Fig. 11 clearly show that the blade is most effective in the initial phase of the flapping movement.
- the force R In the middle phase of the kicking movement (diagram b), the force R reaches its maximum value with a simultaneous reduction in efficiency. Furthermore, the reaction force R decreases while the resistance force increases rapidly. This leads to a significant reduction in blade efficiency.
- Attaching the fins to one or more holders using axles solves the problem of pivoting or rotating the fins through a larger angle executes without propulsion being generated. This is because of the following reason.
- the blades must also reverse to the opposite position so that the water can be pushed off.
- the flipper must start flipping in the opposite direction from a dead point. In the initial phase of the flapping motion, the blade first rotates into a position where it begins to push off the water. Only then does the working stroke movement of the fin begin. In the initial phase of the fin the mentioned empty space will take place. This slack leads to a significant reduction in the efficiency of the flippers.
- connection of the vanes to the holder via elastic hinges allows the vanes to return to the neutral position at the end of the stroke. This will reduce the idle travel by half and the problem will be less pronounced.
- Elastic hinges are poorly regulated and do not allow the blade to rotate more than 30 degrees.
- the foot part attachable to the swimmer's foot generally comprises a sole with a reinforcement to which the elongate holder of the fin blade is connected.
- the elongated holder is advantageously connected in an articulated manner to the sole reinforcement of the foot part which can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer.
- the joint can be provided with at least one return spring.
- the holder is designed to be elastically deformable or rigid.
- the elongate support may be designed to be elastically deformable and rigidly connected to the sole reinforcement of the foot portion attachable to the swimmer's foot.
- the elongate holder may have interior spaces, exterior ribs, and openings of various shapes.
- the interior spaces can be both closed and communicating with the outside environment to allow the ingress of water.
- the longitudinal axis of the elongate support is oriented forward of the foot portion attachable to the swimmer's foot. It is advantageously positioned at an angle of 0° to 20° to the longitudinal axis of the elongate holder.
- the blades are generally mounted in the elongated holder using a common axis.
- blades arranged opposite one another are connected to one another by means of a traverse which passes through an opening present in the elongate holder.
- the opening in the elongate holder is larger than the traverse through it.
- the opening has a non-round shape.
- stops Inside the opening there are stops to limit the rotary movements of the verse provided around the pivot axes of the respective blades.
- the surface of the opening may be covered with a material to cushion the contact between the stops and the traverse.
- 15 shows possible shapes of openings in the elongate holder.
- the openings provided in the elongate holder can also have a different shape.
- the elongate support of the blade may be composed, at least in part, of modules of airfoil blades.
- the elongate holder is provided on at least one side with at least one projection for limiting the rotation of the airfoil blade.
- the technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the flipper.
- Fig. 1 the flipper in an axonometric representation
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the swim fin with a hinge connecting the sole reinforcement and the elongated bracket;
- Fig. 4 functional phases of the swimming fin during its down movement
- 5a, 5b schematically show the function of the swim fin during its upstroke and downstroke movement
- FIG. 6 shows a streamlined blade
- 7a shows the side view of a swim fin with a rigid connection of the sole reinforcement and the elongated holder
- Fig. 10 functional phases of a swimming fin prototype according to French patent no. 2931690 during the tee movement
- FIG. 11 shows schematically the action of forces on blades of the swimming fin prototype according to French Patent No. 2931690 in individual downstroke movement phases and
- Figure 13 shows the position of planes of the elongate holder.
- FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the swim fin with fins attached using traverses.
- Fig. 15 design variants of openings present in the elongated holder.
- Fig. 16 the "traverse-blade" connection.
- FIG. 17 different embodiments in 17a, 17b and 17c of construction elements of the elongate holder. Reference numbers in Fig. 1 to 17:
- the swimming fin comprises a foot part 1 which can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer and a fin blade 2 which is attached to the foot part 1 .
- the foot part 1 is advantageously made of rubber and/or thermoelastoplast and designed in the manner of a shoe 3 (FIG. 1), but other designs are possible, for example in the form of a bag (low shoe) 4 with several fastening straps (Figure 2).
- the foot part 1 is provided with a stiff sole and can contain a sole reinforcement 26 for stiffening purposes.
- the sole reinforcement 26 can be made of a polymer together with the shoe 3 and also of another material, such as metal, polymer reinforced with carbon and/or other fibers, veneer wood, fiberglass, etc.
- the sole reinforcement 26 can be made with the Sole of the foot part 1 can be connected by means of rivets, threads, glue or welding and/or injected into the "body" of the sole of the foot part 1.
- the front part of the foot part 1 has a fork piece 28 for connection to the elongated holder 5 .
- the blade 2 comprises an elongate holder 5 directed from the tip
- the longitudinal axis 9 of the elongated holder 5 advantageously runs parallel to the longitudinal axis 10 of the shoe 3 in its longitudinal direction.
- the elongate holder 5 is attached to the foot part 1 (FIG. 3) by means of a joint 27 .
- the joint 27 includes a fork piece 28 which can be designed uniformly both with the elongated holder 5 and with the foot part 1 .
- the joint further comprises the counterpart of the joint 27 and an axis 29.
- the joint 27 allows the elongate holder 5 to be rotated in relation to the foot part 1.
- the longitudinal axis 9 of the elongate holder 5 can change its position in relation to the longitudinal axis 10 of the foot part 1 .
- the joint 27 is provided with at least one return spring 30 .
- the spring 30, alone or as part of a spring device, returns the elongate holder 5 to its middle basic position after the leg kick movement has ended.
- the characteristics of the spring 30 or the spring device are adjusted in such a way that the force exerted by the swimmer is used effectively.
- the characteristic of the spring 30 or the spring device can be either linear or non-linear.
- the elongated holder 5 is designed to be rigid (FIGS. 3 and 4), but can also be elastically deformable (FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c).
- the elongate holder 5 may have interior spaces 51, exterior ribs 49, and openings 50 of various shapes.
- the interior spaces 51 can be both closed and connected to the outside environment to allow ingress of water.
- a preferred combined use of ribs, openings and internal spaces allows regulation of elastic deformation of the elongate holder both in the vertical plane 43 and in the horizontal plane 44 (see Fig. 13 and Fig. 17).
- An elastically deformable holder 5 can also be rigidly connected to the foot part 1, for example by means of a coupling piece 32.
- the longitudinal axis 9 bends in the process of the elongate holder 5 together with the holder 5 in relation to the longitudinal axis 10 of the foot part 1 due to elastic deformation of the actual holder 5 during a leg kick movement and/or due to a thinned area present in the elongate holder 5 .
- the elongate holder 5 usually consists of one piece. However, it can, at least in part, be composed of several modules 11 of streamlined blades 7i and 8i (FIG. 8).
- the elongate holder 5 has at least one stabilizer 31 in the form of a flare at the holder end in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 19 of the aerofoil blades 7-7i and 8-8i, respectively.
- the elongate holder 5 can be made of metal, a polymer reinforced with carbon and/or other fibers, plywood, fiberglass, etc.
- Airfoil blades 7 and 8 are pivotally mounted in the elongate holder 5 on either side thereof on a common pivoting connecting axle 13. This is mounted in the bore 12, usually with the possibility of the aerofoil blades 7 and 8 rotating with it together with its connection axis 13 in both directions in relation to the above-mentioned elongate holder 5 by a predetermined angle.
- the rotation is in one direction at an angle ßi between the longitudinal axis 9 of the elongated holder 5, which runs in its longitudinal direction, and the plane of symmetry 14 of the /-th streamlined blade 7 or 8 during an upstroke movement 15 of the swimmer's leg possible.
- a rotation in the opposite direction is possible by an angle ⁇ between the above axis 9 and the plane 14 at a knock-off movement 16 of the swimmer's leg.
- the plane of symmetry 14 of the /-th streamlined blades 7 and 8 runs through the leading edge 17 of the blades 7 and 8, their trailing edge 18 and the axis of rotation 19 of the blades 7 and 8.
- Angles of rotation ßi and Yi of the blades 7 - 7i and 8 - 8i may differ from blades that close to the foot portion 1 and those located at the far end of the holder 5 in the fin blade 2.
- the airfoil blades 7 and 8 may be separable from the elongated bracket 5.
- the outline of the streamlined blades 7 and 8 is advantageously trapezoidal with rounded corners. However, they can also have a different shape.
- Each of the aerofoil blades 7 and 8 has a leading (leading) edge 17 directed towards the root part 1, a trailing edge 18, two side edges 20 and two aerofoil surfaces 21 in between (Fig. 6).
- Inserted into each of the streamlined blades 7 and 8 is a common rotating connecting axis 13 which is located in the first third of the length 22 (chord) of the blades 7 and 8, respectively, on the leading edge 17 side.
- the blade leading edge 17 is curved and/or straight, but positioned at an angle to the axis of rotation 19 of the blade 7 or 8.
- the leading edge 17 of the blade 7 or 8 can also be formed as a bent straight line .
- the aerofoil blades 7 and 8 on one side of the elongate holder 5 can have the same or different dimensions, for example in terms of their length 22 and/or width 23, compared to the aerofoil blades 8 and 8 on the other side of the elongate holder 5 7.
- the blades 7 and 8 can be provided with through openings 24 for water overflow and reduction of the pressure on the blades 7 and 8.
- a common rotating connection axis 13 of the aerofoil blades 7 and 8 can also serve to increase the rigidity of these blades.
- the above-mentioned axle 13 is inserted quite deeply into the blade 7 or 8, respectively.
- the blade 2 is usually provided with two or more pairs of streamlined blades 7-7i and 8-8i.
- the dimensions of each pair of streamlined blades are advantageously the same, but they can also be different. This applies to all blade pairs as well as to just one or more pairs.
- the streamlined blades 7 and 8 are advantageously of rigid design. They retain their shape under the action of the water flow. But they can also be elastic, bendable in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction in relation to the longitudinal axis 9 of the elongate holder 5 on its long side.
- the fin blade 2 has a limiter for the rotation of the streamlined blades 7 or 8 by a predetermined angle, advantageously together with the common axis of rotation 13 connecting them.
- the limiter can be designed as at least one projection 25 . It is arranged on the elongate holder 5 with the possibility of abutment against the projection of at least one of the streamlined blades 7 or 8 in its end-of-rotation position (Fig. 5a, 5b).
- the projection 25 on the elongate holder 5 is advantageously cylindrical. It is arranged on the side surface of the elongate holder, but it can also have another shape.
- each pair of airfoil blades 7-7i and 8-8i has a corresponding projection 25-25i
- Delimiting projections 25 can be formed on the opposite side surfaces of the elongated holder 5 for each airfoil blade 7 or 8, but at least one projection 25 each on the opposite sides in relation to the axis of rotation 19 of the airfoil blades 7 or 8. Projections 25 can be integral with the elongate holder 5 or be attached to it as separate parts.
- the protrusion 25 for limiting the rotation of the blades 7 and 8 may be covered with rubber to cushion the contact between the blades 7 and 8 and the protrusion 25, respectively. Other substances with con- suitable for clock damping properties.
- the actual projection 25 on the elongated holder 5 can consist entirely of one material. This must guarantee damping and/or a softer contact between the blades 7 or 8 and the limiting projection 25.
- the blades 7-7i and 8-8i respectively can be attached to the elongate support 5 by means of a so-called free joint ( Figures 14 and 15).
- the blades 7-7i and 8-8i are connected to one another by means of a plate-shaped cross member 46, for example, which passes through an opening present in the elongated holder 5, for example a hole 45, 45i.
- the opening 45, 45i in the elongate holder 5 has larger dimensions than the traverse 46 passing through it.
- the opening 45, 45i has a non-round shape.
- stops 47 and 48 for limiting rotary movements of the traverse 46 about the pivot axes, also referred to as rotary axes 19, of the respective blades 7-7i and 8-8i.
- the surface of the opening 45, 45i can be covered with a material in order to dampen the impact of the traverse 46 on the stops 47, 48.
- the contact between the stops 47, 48 and the traverse 46 connected to the blades 7-7i or 8-8i, which is repeated with each fin stroke, is made softer.
- 15 shows possible shapes of openings 45, 45i in the elongate holder 5.
- the openings 45, 45i provided in the elongate holder 5 can also have a different shape.
- stops 47, 48 which limit the rotational movement of the traverses 46, can also be arranged directly on the holder 5 outside of the free joint.
- the traverse 46 is advantageously positioned in the front half of the blades 7-7i or 8-8i (FIG. 16).
- the traverse 46 is advantageously flat, but can also have a different design.
- the free joint can be provided laterally with covers 52 (Fig. 14).
- the covers 52 form vertical wall parts on the inner sides of the streamlined blade surfaces 21 of the blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i, which face the holder 5.
- the covers 52 can be formed by disks, include such disks or be surrounded by disks.
- the covers 52 formed, for example, by discs advantageously each span planes on which the respective pivot or rotation axes 19 of the blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i stand perpendicularly.
- the aforementioned cover 52 effectively prevents the openings in the elongate holder 5, which are embodied as holes 45, 45i, for example, from becoming soiled.
- the covers 52 prevent the openings 45, 45i from clogging with algae.
- the cover 52 can either be embedded in the body of the holder 5 or protrude outwards.
- the fin can be made of materials with positive buoyancy.
- the swim fin works as follows:
- the swimmer performs upstrokes 15 and downstrokes 16 with his legs as he advances through the water, as shown in Figures 4, 5a, 5b and 7b.
- the streamlined blades 7 and 8 are rotated by an angle ⁇ i under the effect of the water pressure.
- the rotating blades 7 and 8 strike against the limiting projections 25 present on the elongated holder 5 when they reach their end position.
- the blades 7 and 8 are then repelled by the water.
- the push-off force is transmitted to the swimmer via the elongated holder 5 and the foot part 1 .
- the streamlined blades 7 and 8 are rotated by an angle ⁇ i under the effect of the water pressure at the downstroke 16 of the fin (FIG. 5b).
- the rotating blades 7 and 8 strike against the limiting projections 25 present on the elongated holder 5 .
- the blades 7 and 8 are then pushed off by the water.
- the push-off force is transmitted to the swimmer via the elongate holder 5 and the foot part 1 .
- the water pressure on the blade 2 increases because the angle of attack of the streamlined shovel 7 or 8 has increased.
- the elongate holder 5 rotates in the joint 27 attached to the foot part 1 under increased water pressure.
- the angle of attack of the streamlined blade 7 or 8 decreases. This leads to a reduction in the resistance of the fin blade 2 and to an increase in the reaction force.
- the elongate holder 5 is rotated through an even greater angle in relation to the foot part 1 . This reduces the angle of attack of the blade 7 or 8.
- the resistance of the fin blade 2 can thus be reduced.
- the blade 2 returns to its initial position in relation to the foot part 1 under the action of the spring 30 of the articulation 27 . It gives the swimmer an extra push impulse.
- the bracket 5 may be rigidly attached to the foot portion 1 ( Figures 7a, 7b and 7c).
- the streamlined blades 7 and 8 are rotated by an angle ⁇ 1 under the water pressure when the swim fin impacts 15 (similar to FIG. 5a).
- the rotating blades 7 and 8 strike against the limiting projections 25 present on the elongated holder 5 .
- the blades 7 and 8 are then repelled by the water.
- the push-off force is transmitted to the swimmer via the elongate holder 5 and the foot part 1 .
- the elongate holder 5 deforms elastically.
- the longitudinal axis 9 thereof bends in relation to the root part 1.
- the angle of attack of the streamlined blade decreases, which leads to a reduction in the drag of the blade 2 and an increase in the reaction force.
- the elongated holder 5 bends by an even greater angle in relation to the foot part 1. It thereby reduces the angle of attack of the shovel 7 or 8.
- the effect of water pressure on the fin blade 2 increases because the angle of attack of the streamlined shovel has increased.
- the elongated holder 5 deforms elastically. Its longitudinal axis 9 bends in relation to the foot part 1.
- the bending of the elongated holder 5 reduces the angle of attack of the streamlined blade 7 or 8. This leads to a reduction in the resistance of the fin blade 2 and to an increase in the reaction force. If the flapping motion of the swimming fin continues and the water pressure on the blade 2 increases, the elongated holder 5 bends elastically by an even greater angle in relation to the foot part 1. It thereby reduces the angle of attack of the shovel 7 or 8.
- the elasticity of the elongate holder 5 is higher in a vertical plane 43, or vertical plane 43 for short, than in one that is perpendicular to this plane, rises normally on the vertical plane 43 and is spanned by the streamlined blades and the longitudinal axis 9 of the Holder 5 enclosing horizontal plane 44, briefly horizontal plane 44 (Fig. 13).
- the fin efficiency can be increased by elastic deformation of the elongated holder 5 in the vertical plane 43 .
- a simultaneous elastic deformation in the horizontal plane 44 is disadvantageous.
- a deformation of the swimming fins in the horizontal plane 44 has a negative effect, since the fin begins to deflect laterally when the legs are kicked. This dislocates the swimmer's ankle, resulting in increased muscular effort.
- the elasticity of the elongated holder 5 in the vertical plane 43 should be higher than the elasticity in the horizontal plane 44. At least the holder 5 should have the same elasticity in the vertical plane 43 as in the horizontal plane 44.
- the elasticity of the elongated holder 5 in the vertical plane 43 and in the horizontal plane 44 can be regulated by the following construction elements: ribs 49, openings 50, and the interior spaces present in the holder 5.
- the interior spaces 51 of the holder 5 can both be closed and communicate with the outside environment in order to allow the ingress of water.
- elastic deformation of the elongate holder can be regulated both in the vertical plane 43 and in the horizontal plane 44 (Figs. 13 and 17).
- the swim fin described allows the rotation angles ⁇ and ⁇ of each pair of blades 7-7i and 8-8i to be optimized.
- the swimmer receives a stronger shock impulse with smaller values of the angles of rotation ß and y of blades 7 - 7i and 8 - 8i, while larger angles of rotation ß and y of blades 7 - 7i and 8 - 8i contribute to the economical use of muscle power by the swimmer.
- a change in the position of the longitudinal axis 9 of the elongated holder 5 in relation to the longitudinal axis 10 of the foot part 1 makes it possible to use the muscle power of the swimmer highly effectively when executing a flapping movement of the fin.
- a substantial increase in the effectiveness of the blades can also be achieved by means of continuous water overflow openings 24 in the streamlined blades 7 - 7i and 8 - 8i (Fig. 6).
- the shock impulse can be influenced by changing the surface area of the streamlined blades 7 and 8 .
- the blades 7 , 7 i , 8 , 8 i When the fins hit, the blades 7 , 7 i , 8 , 8 i perform limited rotary movements about their pivot or rotary axes 19 running transversely to the longitudinal axis 9 of the holder 5 .
- the traverse 46 which connects the two blades of a blade 7, 7i, 8, 8i protruding on both sides of the holder 5, performs back and forth tilting movements between the stops 47 and 48.
- the airfoil designates the streamlined blade surface 21.
- the weight of the fin influences the inertial force that has to be overcome during propulsion.
- the weight of the swimming fin can be reduced. This also improves the efficiency of utilizing the swimmer's muscle power.
- the use of only one elongate holder 5 also simplifies the problem of its separation from the tip part of the foot part 1 (Fig. 9). Due to the possibility of separation, the overall dimensions of the swimming fin can be reduced and their transport to the place of use can be simplified.
- bracket 5 In contrast to other design variants, the use of only one elongated bracket 5 contributes to simplifying the attachment and detachment of the airfoil blades 7-7i and 8-8i to the bracket. This also makes it easier to transport the swim fin to the place where it is to be used.
- the easy attachment and detachment of the aerofoil blades 7 - 7i and 8 - 8i makes the use of several blade sets with different characteristics teristics possible.
- the elongated holder 5 with the foot part 1 (basic part of the swimming fin) that can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer remains unchanged.
- Sets of streamlined blades 7 - 7i and 8 - 8i can be appropriately optimized, one set for powerful push-off swimming and the other for smooth swimming with minimal energy expenditure.
- the proposed swimming fin can also have a modular construction.
- the swimming fin in its basic design comprises, for example, three pairs of aerofoil blades 7, 7a, 7b, 8, 8a and 8b and functions according to the principles described above. With 3 pairs of paddles, calm swimming with minimal energy expenditure is required.
- a module 11 of streamlined blades 7i and 8i also referred to as a supplementary module, can be installed (FIG. 8).
- the return spring 30 or the spring device can also be easily replaced by another device with different characteristics. This provides another opportunity to obtain a swim fin for use with powerful thrust or for calm swimming.
- the blades 7-7i and 8-8i respectively can be attached to the elongate support 5 by means of a so-called free joint ( Figures 14 and 15).
- the blades 7-7i and 8-8i are connected to one another by means of a plate-shaped traverse 46, for example, which passes through an opening 45, 45i present in the elongated holder 5.
- the opening 45, 45i in the elongated holder 5 has larger dimensions than the traverse 46 passing through it.
- the opening 45, 45i has a non-round shape. Inside the opening 45, 45i there are stops 47 and 48 for limiting rotary movements of the traverse 46 about the pivoting or rotating axes 19 of the respective blades 7-7i or 8-8i.
- the surface of the opening 45, 45i can be covered with a material in order to dampen the traverse 46 hitting the stops 47, 48. fen. As a result, the contact between the stops 47, 48 and the traverse 46 connected to the blades 7-7i or 8-8i, which is repeated with each fin stroke, is made softer.
- 15 shows possible shapes of openings 45, 45i in the elongate holder 5.
- the openings 45, 45i provided in the elongate holder 5 can also have a different shape.
- stops 47, 48 which limit the rotational movement of the traverses 46, can also be arranged directly on the holder 5 outside of the free joint.
- the traverse 46 is advantageously positioned in the front half of the blades 7-7i or 8-8i (FIG. 16).
- the traverse 46 is advantageously flat, but can also have a different design.
- the free joint can be provided laterally with covers 52 (Fig. 14).
- the covers 52 can be formed by disks, include such disks or be surrounded by disks.
- the covers 52 formed, for example, by discs advantageously each span planes on which the respective pivot or rotation axes 19 of the blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i stand perpendicularly.
- the cover 52 mentioned effectively prevents the openings 45, 45i in the elongated holder 5 from getting dirty.
- the covers 52 prevent the openings 45, 45i from clogging with algae.
- the cover 52 can either be embedded in the body of the holder 5 or protrude outwards.
- a swimming fin blade 2 is arranged on the foot part 1, 3, 4 and can be fastened, for example.
- the swimming fins blade 2, fins blade for short, comprises an elongated holder 5 with streamlined blades 7, 71, 8, 8i, 21 arranged rotatably on this.
- the blades can be arranged so as to be rotatable, for example, about pivot or rotation axes 19 running transversely to a longitudinal axis 9 of the aforementioned elongated holder 5 .
- the blades are arranged so as to be rotatable by a predetermined angle in oppositely reciprocating pivoting directions, briefly in both directions.
- the swimming fin is characterized by an arrangement of the elongated holder 5 that is movable at least during flipping movements relative to the foot part 1, 3, 4 that can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer.
- the swim fin is characterized in that the streamlined blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i protruding on opposite sides in relation to the longitudinal axis 9 of the holder 5 or their streamlined blade surfaces 21 are formed Blades 21 are interconnected by a plate-shaped traverse 46 passing through a hole 45, 45i in the elongate holder 5, while the hole 45, 45i in the elongate holder 5 is provided with blade movement limiters 47, 48 in the form of projections and is larger in size than the traverse 46 passing through it.
- the streamlined blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i, 21 can be provided with discs 52 at their ends facing the holder 5, which close the holes 45, 45i in the elongate holder 5.
- Each blade 7, 7i, 8, 8i comprises at least one blade formed by a streamlined blade surface 21.
- the blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i preferably consist of two blades referred to as streamlined blade surfaces 21, one blade on each side of the holder 5.
- the streamlined blade surfaces 21 of the blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i are advantageously opposite one another on both sides of the longitudinal axis 9 of the elongated holder 5 in the direction transverse to its longitudinal axis 9 running pivot or rotation axes 19. These can be separate pivoting or rotating axes 19 or shared in pairs.
- a blade 7 , 7 i , 8 , 8 i comprises only one blade blade protruding on one side of the holder 5 .
- a blade 7 , 7i , 8 , 8i comprises two blade blades projecting opposite the holder 5 .
- the blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i can perform reciprocating rotational movements about the pivot or rotation axes 19 in a predetermined manner.
- the blades 7 , 7 i , 8 , 8 i or the blade leaves comprising their streamlined blade surfaces 21 can protrude on both sides of the elongated holder 5 .
- the blades arranged opposite one another on a paired pivot or rotation axis 19 are non-rotatably connected to one another to form a blade 7, 7i, 8, 8i.
- blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i protruding on opposite sides in relation to the longitudinal axis 9 of the holder 5 or their streamlined blade surfaces 21 can then be mounted rotatably about a common axis 19 in the elongated holder 5. It is conceivable in this connection that blade blades arranged opposite one another are arranged such that they can rotate back and forth about a common pivot or rotation axis 19 in pairs, although they can perform their rotation movements independently of one another. In this case, the blades are not non-rotatably connected to one another via a common connecting element.
- an arrangement of the elongate holder 5 that is movable at least during fin flapping movements relative to the foot part 1, 3, 4 that can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer is provided, in which the elongate holder is attached to the foot part in an articulated manner.
- a joint 27 can be arranged between the elongate holder 5 and the foot part 1,3,4.
- the joint 27 results in a movable, particularly preferably articulated, arrangement of the elongated holder 5 in relation to the foot part 1, 3, 4 that can be fastened to the swimmer's foot.
- the elongated holder 5 is arranged in an articulated manner on the foot part 1, 3, 4, at least during fin flapping movements.
- the joint 27 can be provided with at least one restoring spring.
- the holder 5 can be designed to be elastically deformable.
- the holder 5 can be rigid. In the rigid version, it has a sufficiently high flexural rigidity to prevent deformation due to the effects of human force.
- the elongate holder 5 can rotate and/or bend in relation to the foot part 1, 3, 4 which can be fastened to the swimmer's foot during flipping movements.
- the elasticity of the elongate holder 5 in a vertical plane is advantageous
- Blades spanned and the longitudinal axis 9 of the holder 5 enclosing horizontal plane 44.
- the elongate holder 5 can have ribs 49 and/or openings 50, also referred to as holes, and/or internal cavities 51 which are water-filled or water-free.
- the measures mentioned can serve to adjust the elasticity of the holder 4 in the vertical 43 and horizontal 44 plane.
- the elongated holder 5 of the fin blade 2 can be composed at least partially of modules 11 with streamlined blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i.
- the foot part 1, 3, 4 that can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer can have a sole with reinforcement—in short, sole reinforcement 26.
- the elongate holder 5 of the blade 2 is advantageously attached to such a sole reinforcement 26 .
- the elongate holder 5 is articulated to the sole reinforcement 26 of the foot part 1, 3, 4 that can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer.
- a joint 27 serving for the articulated arrangement is advantageously arranged between the sole reinforcement 26 of the foot part 1 , 3 , 4 that can be fastened to the foot of the swimmer and the elongated holder 5 .
- the elongate holder 5 can be provided with at least one projection 25, 25i on at least one side, which limits the rotation of the streamlined blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i about their pivot or rotation axes 19.
- the longitudinal axis 9 of the elongated holder is preferably directed forwards in relation to the longitudinal axis 10 of the foot part 1 .
- the longitudinal axis 9 of the elongate holder 5 is advantageously positioned downwards at an angle of inclination of 0° to 20° to the longitudinal axis 10 of the foot part 1 .
- the angle of inclination relates to a central neutral position of the holder 5 relative to the foot part 1. From the middle neutral position, the holder 5 arranged on the joint 27 can be tilted upwards and downwards at approximately the same angles be deflected downwards. In the central neutral position, the mobility of the joint 27 is approximately the same in both directions.
- a swimming fin comprising: a fastening device at the foot of the swimmer, also called foot part 1, 3, 4, and - a swimming fin blade 2, which is connected to the fastening device at the foot of the swimmer
- the swimming fin is characterized in that the elongate bracket 5 rotates and/or flexes relative to the fastening device at the foot of the swimmer, at least during flipping movements, while the elasticity of the elongate bracket 5 extended holder 5 is higher in the vertical plane 43 than in the horizontal plane 44.
- the attachment device on the swimmer's foot may comprise a sole with a sole reinforcement 26 to which the elongate bracket 5 is attached.
- the elongate holder 5 is advantageously elastically deformable and rigidly attached to the sole reinforcement of the fastening device.
- the elongate bracket 5 is preferably attached by means of a hinge 27 to the sole reinforcement of the attachment device on the swimmer's foot.
- the joint 27 is preferably provided with at least one return spring, while the holder 5 is elastically deformable.
- the joint 27, also referred to as a hinge, can alternatively be equipped with at least one return spring, while the holder 5 is rigid.
- the elongate holder 5 may have ribs 49 and/or holes 50 and/or water-filled or anhydrous internal cavities 51, which serve to adjust the elasticity of the holder 5 in the vertical plane 43 and in the horizontal plane 44.
- the swimming fin blade 2 can be composed at least partially of modules 11 with streamlined blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i.
- a swim fin comprising: a fastening device, also referred to as a foot part 1, on the swimmer's foot, and a swimming fin blade connected to the attachment device for attachment to the swimmer's foot, which comprises an elongate bracket 5 and at least two streamlined blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i pivotally mounted on the elongate bracket 5 on either side thereof, with the Possibility of limited movement relative to the above elongate holder 5 in both directions, characterized in that the aerofoil blades are connected to each other via a plate-shaped traverse 46 passing through a hole 45, 45i in the elongate holder 5, while the hole 45, 45i in the elongate holder is provided with blade travel limiters 47, 48 in the form of projections and is of larger size than the crossbar 46 passing through it.
- the aerofoil blades 7, 7i, 8, 8i may contain discs 52 closing the holes 45, 451 in the elongate holder 5.
- the invention can be used commercially in particular in the field of development and manufacture of diving or swimming fins.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2022103315A RU2792870C1 (ru) | 2022-02-09 | Ласт для плавания (варианты) | |
PCT/EP2023/053113 WO2023152181A1 (de) | 2022-02-09 | 2023-02-08 | Schwimmflosse |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4301476A1 true EP4301476A1 (de) | 2024-01-10 |
Family
ID=81603655
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP23704332.8A Pending EP4301476A1 (de) | 2022-02-09 | 2023-02-08 | Schwimmflosse |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP4301476A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023152181A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3081467A (en) | 1961-01-23 | 1963-03-19 | Stephen S Ciccotelli | Swim flipper |
US3084355A (en) | 1962-03-20 | 1963-04-09 | Stephen S Ciccotelli | Swimming aid |
US4944703A (en) | 1988-04-11 | 1990-07-31 | Mosier Arthur R | Swim fin having multiple articulating transverse hydrofoil blades |
WO1994025116A1 (en) | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-10 | Tovarischestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju 'lik' | Flipper |
US6120336A (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2000-09-19 | Kawai; Takashi | Diving fin |
DE202007004633U1 (de) | 2007-03-29 | 2007-09-20 | Bauer, Dietrich | Schwimmflosse |
FR2929127A1 (fr) | 2008-04-01 | 2009-10-02 | Christophe Rouanet | Dispositif de palmage hydrodynamique |
FR2931690B1 (fr) | 2008-05-27 | 2010-05-14 | Didier Chabani | Palme a rendement maximal |
SE533975C2 (sv) | 2009-06-03 | 2011-03-15 | Bippo Innovation Ab | Simfena |
US8926385B1 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2015-01-06 | David Woods | High efficiency swim fin using multiple high aspect ratio hydrodynamic vanes with pliable hinges and rotation limiters |
US8480446B2 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2013-07-09 | David W Woods | High efficiency swim fin using multiple high aspect ratio hydrodynamic vanes with pliable hinges and rotation limiters |
CH712321A2 (it) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-10-13 | Edgive Ciani-Ribi | Pinne munite di un longherone monolitico con alettoni liberi alle estremità. |
EP3922321A1 (de) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-15 | Swunning Sàrl | Am fuss getragene wasserflosse |
-
2023
- 2023-02-08 EP EP23704332.8A patent/EP4301476A1/de active Pending
- 2023-02-08 WO PCT/EP2023/053113 patent/WO2023152181A1/de active Application Filing
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WO2023152181A1 (de) | 2023-08-17 |
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