Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
  • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
  • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
  • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
  • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
  • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
  • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
  • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B2209/00—Energy supply or activating means
  • B63B2209/20—Energy supply or activating means wind energy
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
  • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
  • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
  • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
  • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
  • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2260/00—Function
  • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
  • F05B2260/31—Locking rotor in position
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

• TITLE SELF-ORIENTING MARINE WIND TURBINE FOR TWO
• the technical field of the invention is that of offshore wind turbines or marine wind turbines and in particular those which are self-orienting.
• Marine wind turbines are installed at sea or in an aquatic environment and must withstand marine conditions which are sometimes difficult.
• the invention offers a solution to the problems mentioned above, by making it possible to produce a high-power marine wind turbine but with a nacelle of reasonable dimensions and weight, similar to existing wind turbines.
• the invention relates to a self-orienting marine wind turbine comprising a floating platform, at least one mast on which is fixed a nacelle comprising a hub of horizontal X axis and connected to blades, it is characterized in that the hub cooperates with a rotor of two alternators and that the hub consists of a hollow axle or a hollow axial cylinder suitable for maintenance by a standing man.
• This feature not only allows a complete redesign of the nacelle structure with the possibility of increasing the overall power of the wind turbine, but also easier access to the devices and space to house the power electronics converters.
• the alternators thus have a more easily achievable size with a stiffness of the structures which makes it possible to respect the dimensions of the air gap.
• the alternators are arranged on either side of the hub. By arranging the alternators on either side of the hub, the balance of the nacelle is not disturbed.
• the wind turbine comprises at least three converging masts. The nacelle with its blades is located between the masts and the alternators on each side, the assembly is thus better balanced.
• the two alternators are symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the hub. Since the alternators are identical by symmetry, the load balancing of the assembly is respected.
• the alternators are independent of each other and each is connected to a converter.
• the wind turbine is thus still operational in degraded mode, if one of the two alternators or its converter fails. If the wind is weak, it is also possible to operate only one alternator, thus at low load of the wind turbine, the load of an alternator will be doubled and the efficiency will be all the better, with respect to the wind turbine. an alternator with twice the nominal power.
• At least one alternator comprises two independent windings each connected to a converter. This makes it possible to adapt the power of the alternator to the power of the wind. This adaptation is even finer since the two alternators are independent of each other. Thus, if the electric chain of a stator winding fails, the electric chains of the other windings will be operational and will allow the operation of the wind turbine until the fault is repaired.
• one of the alternators includes a parking brake connecting the rotor to the stator. This brake makes it possible to slow down or stop the blades if the wind is too strong.
• one of the alternators comprises an asynchronous generator.
• This asynchronous generator is an auxiliary device which makes it possible to supply electricity to the rotating part of the wind turbine without passing through a sliding contact (rings and brushes), therefore without wear .
• the wind turbine comprises a wireless communication system controlling the alternators.
• the communication system is thus easier to set up.
• each alternator has a power of between 4 and 10 MW. We thus arrive, for example, at power of the multi-megawatt or deca-megawatt class. [0019]
• at least one alternator can be disconnected. It is thus possible to disconnect one of the two alternators if necessary.
• the axial cylinder is hollow and comprises three gratings placed on the side opposite each of the blades and it connects the ends of the axial cylinder.
• the gratings connecting the ends of the axial cylinder allow a man to pass from one side to the other and thus to access each alternator when the wind turbine is stopped, the balance of the three blades makes it there is always a grating in a horizontal position.
• a converter is placed in the hollow axle or in a nacelle located at one end of the hollow axial cylinder.
• the converter is thus located close to the alternators, which avoids overvoltages.
• the converter is connected to the windings of an alternator stator by a cable of length I, the blades are of length L and I ⁇ L. Since the converter is no longer located at the foot of the wind turbine, but near the stator, there are no more overvoltages in the alternator windings due to the capacitive effect of the cables.
• the length I could ideally be less than 50m.
• FIG. 1 is a state-of-the-art wind turbine with a single mast
• FIG. 2 is a state-of-the-art wind turbine with three masts
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a nacelle according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a section of the nacelle in figure 3 with its blades and masts,
• FIG. 5 is a front view of the nacelle of figure 4,
• FIG. 6 is a section of a nacelle variant according to the invention.
• front will refer to the side facing the wind and "rear” to the opposite side.
• the wind turbine 1 of the state of the art, illustrated in Figure 1, is an onshore wind turbine or an offshore wind turbine fixed to the seabed, it comprises a mast 2, three blades 3 connected to a nacelle 4 by a hub 40 and a foot 20 placed on the ground. The blades 3 are placed facing the wind V, the nacelle 4 and the mast behind the blades 3. An alternator 5 is placed in the nacelle 4.
• the second wind turbine 1 of the state of the art of Figure 2 is a floating wind turbine, it comprises floats 22 interconnected by beams 220, constituting a floating platform and secured to the ground by cables 23. It has three or four masts 21 each connected to a float 22.
• the nacelle 4 is fixed to the masts 21.
• An alternator 5 is arranged in the nacelle 4 at the rear thereof.
• the blades 3 can be arranged between the masts 21 without these shade and disrupt the path of the wind V and generate significant vibrations in the wind turbine.
• the wind turbine 1 As the wind turbine 1 is connected to the seabed by cables 23, it can orient itself according to the orientation of the wind V.
• the nacelle 4 of Figure 3 comprises an alternator 5 on each side and a hub 40 of axis X.
• This consists of a fixed axle 401 and a cage 402 movable in rotation around the axle 401 .
• the cage 402 has three openings 400 to place the blades 3 therein which will rotate said cage 402.
• the axle is made up of two half-axles each having a flange 403 allowing them to be bolted together in the central part, which facilitates assembly.
• Each alternator 5 comprises a rotor 50 and a stator 51, the rotor 50 being connected to the cage 402.
• the stator 51 is integral with the nacelle 4 and the axle 401.
• the alternators 5 are identical and arranged in a mirror on each side of the plane of the blades perpendicular to the axis X.
• the axle 401 is hollow, thus constituting a service shaft where a standing man can circulate to carry out maintenance, to be able, for example, to place converters closer to the alternators and thus to connect each converter to an alternator thanks to cables 54 of shorter length than the dimension of the blades 3. It also houses the converter(s) 52 and the cables 53 for evacuating electrical energy.
• One can, for example, provide one converter per independent stator winding, so one for each alternator if it has only one winding per alternator, or two or three per alternator if it has two or three windings per alternator , or n if there are n windings. It is thus possible to adjust the power of the alternators according to the power of the wind, by the exploitation or not of each alternator winding.
• a parking brake 30 is provided in one of the two alternators 5 between the rotor 50 and the stator 51 . It makes it possible to block the rotation of the blades 3 in the event of violent wind or maintenance.
• axle 401 is replaced by two half-nacelles 41.
• Each half-nacelle 41 is connected to a float 22 by at least two masts 21, i.e. a total of at least 4 mats for the wind turbine.
• the blades 3 are fixed to the periphery of an axial cylinder 42 which is connected to the two half-nacelles 41 by bearings 410 which ensure rigid cohesion of the two half-nacelles.
• the rotors 50 are fixed to each end of the axial cylinder 42.
• Each stator 51 is integral with a half-nacelle 41 .
• An asynchronous generator 6 is placed in one of the alternators 5, it makes it possible to supply electricity to the rotating part of the wind turbine without passing through a sliding contact (rings and brushes), therefore without wear.
• the axial cylinder 42 is hollow and comprises three gratings 420 placed on the side opposite each of the blades 3 and connecting the ends of the axial cylinder 42, it is thus possible to access the interior for maintenance when the wind turbine is stopped. There is always one of the 420 gratings horizontal when stationary since at that time one of the blades is vertical and the other two are below for good balance.
• An orientation system 31 of the blades 3 is placed inside the axial cylinder 42 for “feathering” the blades when the wind is too strong or when carrying out a repair or for maintenance.
• the orientation system 31 of the blades 3 comprises a first toothed wheel 310 cooperating with a second toothed wheel 32 placed on the periphery of the base of the blade 3.
• the blade 3 is connected to the axial cylinder by a bearing 33.
• This variant has the advantage of allowing a more conventional connection of the blade orientation system through a set of rings (power without an asynchronous generator and control signals). It also allows the use of conventional nacelles, hence a lower cost.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-02-17 FR FR2101521A patent/FR3119871A1/fr active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-02-16 WO PCT/EP2022/053837 patent/WO2022175339A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2022-02-16 EP EP22705546.4A patent/EP4295038A1/de active Pending

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