EP4295028A2 - Einblasleitung für einen injektor zum einblasen von kraftstoff - Google Patents
Einblasleitung für einen injektor zum einblasen von kraftstoffInfo
- Publication number
- EP4295028A2 EP4295028A2 EP22723581.9A EP22723581A EP4295028A2 EP 4295028 A2 EP4295028 A2 EP 4295028A2 EP 22723581 A EP22723581 A EP 22723581A EP 4295028 A2 EP4295028 A2 EP 4295028A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- injection line
- fuel
- injector
- injection
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0251—Details of actuators therefor
- F02M21/0254—Electric actuators, e.g. solenoid or piezoelectric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/04—Gas-air mixing apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
- F02M61/1833—Discharge orifices having changing cross sections, e.g. being divergent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
- F02M61/184—Discharge orifices having non circular sections
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an injection line for an injector for injecting a fuel, preferably for injecting a gaseous fuel such as hydrogen, into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- a fuel preferably for injecting a gaseous fuel such as hydrogen
- the environmental requirements for internal combustion engines are constantly increasing.
- the goal is low-emission or even zero-emission drive technologies that also meet the strictest emission limits and make a significant contribution to achieving climate protection goals.
- these goals can only be achieved if climate-neutral, regeneratively produced fuels are used that do not cause any emissions along the entire value chain (so-called "zero emissions' fuels).
- With current conventional petrol, diesel and Gas engines are those
- the injection line should ensure good mixing of fuel and air in order to enable combustion that is as homogeneous as possible in a combustion chamber.
- the injection line makes a contribution to better controllability of the mass flow to be introduced into the combustion chamber, since more precise and more efficient combustion is then possible.
- the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention should enable an improved combustion process in a hydrogen internal combustion engine.
- the injection line according to the invention for an injector for injecting fuel, in particular gaseous fuel, preferably hydrogen, has at least one outlet opening through which the fuel to be injected flows, and is therefore characterized in that an inner contour of an outlet cross section of the at least one outlet opening has both at least one convex and at least one concave section. It can be provided that the inner contour of the outlet cross section has both at least one convex section and at least one concave section opposite a center or midpoint of the outlet cross section.
- convex or concave sections in the outlet cross-section of the injection line it can be checked, for example, whether a straight line connecting any two points of the outlet cross-section results in whether the actual inner contour is on the side of the connecting straight line that is inclined towards the center of the contour or not (if so: concave; if not: convex).
- the points defining the connecting straight line can be chosen arbitrarily along the inner contour.
- concave and convex sections in the inner contour of the outlet cross-section can result in a diameter variation of the outlet cross-section and/or a sequence of convex and concave sections of the inner contour, seen in the circumferential direction of the inner contour, which can lead to advantageous turbulence of the fluid (e.g. fuel or fuel -air mixture) leads/lead.
- This swirl is advantageous because good fuel mixing in a combustion chamber often requires sufficient swirl and entails efficient combustion of a fuel-air mixture.
- the injection line is designed to receive fuel to be injected and to discharge it again via the outlet opening.
- the injection line can typically be provided at the distal end of an injector and can either be arranged entirely in a combustion chamber be or extends at least with the outlet cross-section into the combustion chamber.
- the injection line represents the end piece or also the injection cap of an injector from which the fuel or a fuel-air mixture that is typically fed into a combustion chamber originates. Accordingly, the fuel or the fuel-air mixture is introduced into an inlet opening of the injection line and led out of the outlet opening of the injection line.
- the inner contour of the injection line towards the outlet opening has at least one ramp arranged in the direction of flow of the fuel to be injected, which is inclined towards the outer peripheral side of the injection line or away from it, the ramp preferably sloping up to extends to the outlet opening.
- the ramp is followed by a ramp of opposite design in the circumferential direction perpendicular to the flow direction and/or a web is provided which continues the initial level of the ramp in the flow direction, preferably with the ramp being inclined away from the outer circumferential side .
- a partition wall is formed in the transition area between two ramps or a ramp and a web along its length and at its end, for example at the outlet cross section, areas of turbulence are created, since there are different fast flow areas meet. This also ensures good mixing of the fluid flowing through the injection line.
- the outlet cross section lies in one plane or is located in different, discretely or continuously distributed outlet planes along a main flow direction of the fuel to be injected.
- the outlet cross section it is therefore not necessary for the outlet cross section to be arranged in a single sectional plane, but it can also be located over a number of planes that are offset in the main direction of flow.
- the invention can also provide for at least one further opening, in particular a feed opening, to be provided between the outlet opening and an inlet opening for introducing the fuel to be blown in, in order to suck in or discharge a fluid, e.g. air and/or fuel, into the injection line ,
- the at least one opening, in particular a feed opening preferably being oriented transversely to a main flow direction of the inflation cap.
- the injection line (e.g. by a corresponding variation of the cross-sectional area in the main flow direction) is designed in such a way that it forms a venturi nozzle in combination with the at least one further supply opening in order to suck in a fluid via the supply opening.
- an injector is designed, for example, in such a way that only pure fuel is introduced into the injection opening of the injection line, the admixture of air from the combustion chamber can take place via the at least one supply opening, so that the injection line then has a fuel/air mixture at its outlet opening. mix.
- the invention also includes the case that any fluid can be mixed in through the feed opening, for example a fuel-air mixture, which is located in the combustion chamber.
- the at least one further opening in particular a feed opening, is arranged upstream of the at least one ramp.
- the ramp downstream of the at least one supply opening Since the provision of the ramp downstream of the at least one supply opening has the effect of causing the fluid flowing through the injection line to be mixed, arranging the ramp downstream of the at least one supply opening results in the fluid supplied mixing with the fluid introduced into the injection opening the injection line is mixed.
- the ramp arranged downstream leads to thorough mixing of the fuel-air mixture.
- the minimum cross section of the injection line is formed by the outlet cross section or an inlet cross section or lies along the injection line between the inlet cross section and the outlet cross section.
- the injection line is rotationally symmetrical, preferably rotationally symmetrical, with respect to an axis of rotation running parallel to its longitudinal direction. Provision can thus be made for the injection line to essentially have the shape of a tube.
- the invention can also include the fact that the injection line is designed not in a straight line but in a curved manner.
- the inner contour of the outlet cross section can be continuously differentiated.
- the inner contour can also be provided with abrupt changes, so that a non-continuous course is also possible. A non-steady progression is advantageous since particularly strong vortices are generated in the flow in the area of the discontinuous edges.
- the invention further relates to an injector for blowing in fuel with an injection line, preferably an injector according to one of the previously discussed variants, preferably wherein the injection line is the end piece of the injector on the combustion chamber side.
- the injector can be designed to output a gaseous fuel, for example hydrogen.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating an injector in an engine, preferably for operating an injector according to the variant discussed above, wherein when fuel is injected into a combustion chamber, the injector injects the fuel to be injected during an injection phase with such a pressure into the injection line introduces the fact that the fuel flow makes a sound transition from subsonic to supersonic at an inlet cross section, an outlet cross section and/or at least one point between an inlet cross section and an outlet cross section of the injection line.
- the method can be developed in such a way that when the fuel is injected, the injector carries out an opening phase, a subsequent plateau phase and a subsequent closing phase, with the quantity of fuel to be injected initially increasing, remaining at a high level and then decreasing again, and the injector introduces the fuel to be injected into the injection line during the plateau phase at such a pressure that over more than two thirds of the duration of the plateau phase, preferably over the entire duration of the plateau phase, the fuel flow in the injection cap and/or at its inlet cross section/its outlet cross section has a sound passage from subsonic to supersonic, with the passage of sound preferably already occurring in parts of the opening phase and/or the closing phase.
- the injector is operated in such a way that the fuel flow flowing through the injector is a supersonic flow at the at least one outlet opening of the injection line.
- the injector in combination with convex and concave sections in the inner contour of the outlet opening, a particularly good Swirling/mixing of the fluid discharged through the injection line.
- the at least one ramp arranged in the flow direction of the fuel to be injected extends from the outer peripheral side of the injection line away towards the interior and the injector is operated in such a way that the fuel flow at the beginning of the at least one ramp is supersonic and due to the ramp sloping towards the inside, a compression shock forms at the beginning of the ramp, and/or the at least one ramp arranged in the direction of flow of the fuel to be blown in extends from the outer peripheral side of the Injection line extends outwards away from the interior and the injector is operated in such a way that the fuel flow is supersonic at the end of the at least one ramp and due to a surface no longer sloping, preferably then again running parallel to the direction of flow forms a compression shock at the end of the ramp.
- a compression shock describes a discontinuous change in the flow condition, in which a supersonic flow occurs on a flint and has to avoid it. Since the information about the pressure disturbances propagates at the speed of sound, there is no upstream information transmission in the supersonic range, so that there is an abrupt adaptation of the flow condition in the shock wave. This sudden change of state becomes the
- the invention can also include an internal combustion engine with a gas
- Direct injection in particular a hydrogen direct injection, which includes an injector according to one of the above variants. Further features, details and advantages of the invention can be seen from the following description of the figures. It shows: Fig. 1: a longitudinal sectional view through an injector according to the invention,
- Fig. 2 a representation of different states of components and pressures in an injector
- Fig. 3 a graphic representation of the exiting mass flow from an injector over an opening cycle
- FIG. 5 several illustrations for the arrangement of a narrowest cross-sectional area in the injection line together with a resulting speed of the flow
- FIG. 6 views of differently shaped injection lines according to the present invention
- FIG. 12 a detailed view of an injection line according to the invention with alternately arranged webs and ramps in the account section
- FIG. 13 several detailed views of different variants of webs and ramps in the inner contour area of the outlet opening of an injection line according to the invention
- Fig. 16 several detailed views in the area of an inner contour of the injection line according to the invention, with a flow rate in the supersonic range in the range of
- FIG. 1 Ramps forming shock waves are graphically highlighted.
- the following detailed description of the figures of FIG. 1 refers to an injector for injecting hydrogen, but it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the invention also encompasses an injector for injecting gas or another fuel.
- the injector 1 shows a longitudinal section of the injector 1 according to the invention for blowing hydrogen into a combustion chamber 16.
- the injector 1 has an injector housing 2 in which different components of the injector 1 are located.
- a gas connection 11 for introducing hydrogen into the injector 1 is provided on the connection side.
- the hydrogen or another combustible fluid is fed through a hole in a cover 29 running approximately centrally in the injector housing 2 and then through a fluid channel in an armature counterpart 27, a through-opening 10 in the armature 5 and the hollow interior 12 of a hollow needle 3 to the the end of the hollow needle 3 remote from the connection side 11 .
- the injection openings 4 penetrating the valve plate 9 are closed or opened.
- the injection openings 4 are closed by the hollow needle 3 being pressed against the valve plate 9 , since the end face of the hollow needle 3 covers the opening contours of the injection openings 4 .
- sealing elements 30 can be provided, which run around the opening contours of the injection openings 4 and contact the end face of the hollow needle 3 when the hollow needle 3 is in a sealed state. If the injection openings 4 are closed by the end face of the hollow needle 3, the fluid flow of the hydrogen is stopped at this point of the injector 1 and there is no downstream flow of hydrogen beyond the valve plate 9.
- the hydrogen introduced with a certain pressure into the injector 1 flows out of the interior 12 of the Hollow needle 3 out and emerges through the plurality of injection openings 4 on the side of the valve plate 9 spaced apart from the hollow needle 3 .
- the pressurized hydrogen flows through the injection line 50 (sometime also called injection cap), which has at least one outlet opening 51.
- the hydrogen emitted by the injector 1 is then typically located outside the injector 1 in a combustion chamber 16. Air can be admixed there or through supply openings 54 provided in the injection line.
- the hydrogen-air mixture is compressed in the combustion chamber 16 and is then ignited or ignited.
- the check valve 20, 21, 23 has a valve tappet 20, a valve guide 21 and a valve spring 23, which urges the valve tappet in a closing direction, so that an outflow of hydrogen via the opening contour 19 of the check valve 20, 21, 23 only occurs when when there is a pressure on the side of the check valve 20, 21, 23 facing the valve plate 9 which is at least the restoring force of the valve tappet 20 exerted by the valve spring 23 greater than that on the pressure from the check valve 20, 21, 23 to the valve plate 9 opposite side prevailing pressure.
- the valve needle 3 designed as a hollow needle 3 can be moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the injector 1 .
- valve needle 3 The movement of the valve needle 3 is controlled via a valve 5, 6, which is a solenoid valve in the present representation of FIG.
- the hollow needle 3 is firmly connected to an anchor element 5 which in turn reacts to the magnetic force generated by a coil 6 .
- Current can optionally flow through the coil 6 in such a way that the resulting magnetic force moves the armature element 5 in the direction of the gas connection 11 .
- This movement also moves the hollow needle 3 , which is firmly connected to the anchor element 5 , so that the hollow needle 3 is lifted relative to the valve plate 9 . This opens up the injection openings 4 in the valve plate 9 so that hydrogen can flow through the valve plate 9 .
- a needle guide 14 is provided which encloses an outer side of the hollow needle 3 on the peripheral side. Sliding friction occurs in the contact area between the needle guide 14 and the outside of the hollow needle 3, so that it can be advantageous if one of the two contact surfaces or both contact surfaces has a special coating, in particular a coating with carbon. It has been shown that such a carbon-containing coating is advantageous with regard to the tribological requirements of the two sliding components.
- the needle guide 14 can be designed so that it extends starting from the valve plate 9 and protrudes inwards at a certain distance from it, only to have a certain distance from the valve plate 9 with the Outside of the hollow needle 3 to come into contact. Irrespective of the specific configuration of the needle guide 14, the hollow needle 3 pierces the needle guide 14 in such a way that the end of the valve needle 3 facing the valve plate 9 is still guided completely through the needle guide 14 even when it is lifted from the valve plate 9.
- the needle guide can be designed to be rotationally symmetrical or rotationally symmetrical to the axis of rotation X of the injector 1 .
- a flange-like projection is provided on the end of the hollow needle 3 facing the valve plate 9 , which makes it easier to cover the at least one injection opening 4 in the valve plate 9 .
- the hollow needle 3 can also have further flow channels 7 running obliquely or perpendicularly to its longitudinal direction, through which a hydrogen introduced into the hollow needle 3 can flow out.
- the advantage of this is that the hydrogen introduced into the injector 1 flows around the side of the hollow needle 3 facing the injection openings 4 on both sides, ie from the inside and from the outside.
- the stroke of the valve needle 3 or of the armature element 5 can thus be minimized and the required flow of hydrogen can nevertheless be realized. This is because the flow can be divided into an external flow and an internal flow through the exit hole of the hollow needle 3 facing the valve plate 9 .
- the flange-like projection 8, also called plate, is therefore flowed around on both sides.
- An air gap 24 is provided between the needle guide 14 and the anchor element 5 , which allows a certain movement of the needle guide in the longitudinal direction of the injector 1 .
- the needle guide 14 fulfills its primary task independently of its exact arrangement position, so that even the slight play in the longitudinal direction of the injector 1 does not change anything here. In particular, however, when injector housing 2 is compressed, for example caused by attachment of injector 1 to an engine or thermal expansion or contraction, this air gap 24 serves as a reserve, so that a change in length of injector housing 2 in the longitudinal direction can be compensated for without a force to initiate the needle guide 14.
- an anchor counterpart 27 is provided, in which an elastic spring element 13 in the form of a spiral spring is arranged, which urges the anchor element 5 in the direction of the valve plate 9 . Without the valve 5, 6 being actuated, the hollow needle 3 is pushed in the direction of the valve plate 9 and closes the at least one injection opening 4. Similar to the anchor element five, the anchor counterpart 27 also has a through opening, the center of which is arranged in the longitudinal center axis X of the injector 1 can be. A simple way of introducing the elastic spring element 13 into the armature counterpart 27 is to change the diameter of the passage opening of the armature counterpart 27.
- the resulting step is used as a stop surface for the elastic spring element 13, so that further structural changes are not necessary.
- the passage opening through the anchor counterpart 27 can be realized by two bores with different diameters, which have the same bore center axis. Furthermore, it can be provided that the center axis of the drilling is identical to the center axis of the anchor element 5 .
- the outside of the coil 6 can be surrounded by an iron yoke 25, in which the magnetic field can propagate particularly well.
- the situation is similar with the housing components directly surrounding the armature element 5 and the armature counterpart 27, which also preferably consists of a magnetizable material. So it can be advantageous if the pole tube 28, which is a part of the injector housing 2, is also made of iron or another ferromagnetic material. The same also applies to the armature counterpart 27, which advantageously also consists of a magnetizable material.
- a visualized representation of the magnetic field lines is illustrated by reference number 15 . These have a direction which is counter-clockwise when viewed in FIG. This pulls the anchor element 5 towards the anchor counterpart 27 and the hollow needle 3 from the valve plate 9 or from the injection openings 4 breaking through the valve plate 9, so that hydrogen can flow towards the check valve, from where hydrogen is finally introduced into the combustion chamber 16 via the injection cap 18.
- valve needle 3 and valve tappet 20 are pressed by prestressed needle spring 13 or valve spring 23 into their respective stop on the sealing element of valve plate 30 or in the seat of valve guide 21 and close the throttle points 4 or 19, which connect the needle chamber to the valve chamber or the valve chamber to the injection chamber when valve needle 3 or valve tappet 20 is in the open state.
- the pressure in the injector 1 corresponds to the pressure in the supply line
- the pressure in the combustion chamber 16 and in the injection chamber corresponds to the charging pressure during the intake phase of the cylinder piston, in which fresh air is sucked into the combustion chamber 16 via the intake valves.
- the pressure in the valve chamber corresponds approximately to the combustion chamber pressure and depends, among other things, on the valve spring 23, the pressure in the combustion chamber 16 during the phase in which the hot combustion gases are expelled via the outlet valves of the combustion chamber 16 and any preceding injections.
- the functional representation is simplified below and does not take into account the gas exchange by opening and closing the inlet and outlet valves of combustion chamber 16.
- a voltage signal is applied by the control device via the electrical contacts to the coil 26 of the actuator, so that the current F1 in the electrical circuit rises to a defined end level.
- the current-carrying coil 26 induces a magnetic field in the actuator, the magnetic field lines 15 of which propagate in a toroidal shape around the coil (see FIG. 1).
- the magnetic field builds up a magnetic force F2 in the air gap between armature 5 and armature counterpart 27, whereby at time t 2 the armature 5 is attracted to the armature counterpart 27 as soon as the magnetic force F2 exceeds the closing force (sum of the pretensioning force of the needle spring 13 and the pressure forces on the needle 3 and exceeds the anchor 5).
- the build-up of the magnetic field and thus the magnetic force F2 is delayed by eddy currents in the iron parts of the magnetic circuit.
- the armature 5 is fixedly connected to the valve needle 3 or is a one-piece armature-valve-needle component, so that the valve needle 3 moves uniformly with the armature 5 along a needle stroke F3.
- elastic sealing element 30 on the sealing plate 9 is no longer in contact with the end face of the valve needle 3 at time t 3 , the connection between the needle chamber and the valve chamber is released, so that the fuel flows from the needle chamber into the valve chamber. This increases the pressure in the valve chamber.
- the passive valve opens, i.e. the valve tappet 20 moves away from the seat along a valve tappet stroke F4 and releases the connection between the valve chamber and the injection chamber. so that fuel flows from the valve chamber into the injection chamber. This leads to an increase in pressure in the injection space (cf. F8 pressure in the injection space).
- the fuel continues to flow downstream through the opening(s) 51 in the injection line 50 into the combustion chamber 16.
- the injection line 50 (or injection cap) is designed in such a way that the flow is in a defined state (jet orientation, entry impulse, jet pattern, etc. ) is introduced into the combustion chamber 16.
- the open state of needle 3 and valve tappet 20 is maintained throughout the rest of the energization phase.
- the current level can be reduced (e.g. by a PWM voltage signal) as soon as the valve needle 3 is fully open and possible bouncing does not lead to the valve needle 3 closing.
- the engine cylinder is in the compression phase, so that the combustion chamber pressure F5 increases steadily.
- the power supply is terminated by the control unit, so that the current F1 through the coil 26 is reduced to zero (time t 4 ). Due to the eddy currents, the magnetic force F2 also decreases with a time delay. As soon as the magnetic force F2 is less than the sum of the closing force of the needle spring 13 and the hydraulic forces on the needle 3 and the armature 5, the needle 3 and the armature 5 begin to close uniformly (time t5 ); see also F3, F4. If the end face of the needle 3 hits the sealing element 30 of the valve plate 9, the connection between the needle chamber and the valve chamber is broken and the flow of fuel from the needle chamber into the valve chamber is interrupted (time t 6 ). This reduces the pressure in valve chamber F7.
- valve tappet 20 moves back into its closed position on the valve seat 21 and is counteracted by the increasing pressure F5 in the combustion chamber 16 and thus in the injection chamber the seat 21 is pressed, so that the fuel connection between the valve chamber and the injection chamber (possibly after a phase in which the tappet bounces on the valve seat 21) is interrupted (times t 6 -t 7 ). This completes the blowing-in process.
- the respective mass flow of the fuel via the injection openings 4, the opening contour 19 and the at least one outlet opening 51 is given as F9, F10 or F11.
- FIG. 3 shows a simplified graphical representation of an opening cycle of the injector 1, in which the time is plotted on the abscissa and the mass flow output by the injector 1 is plotted on the ordinate.
- the opening cycle of the injector 1 can be divided into three different phases, with the opening phase being at the beginning, in which the mass flow to be emitted rises from zero to its maximum level. In the plateau phase, this becomes maximum Level maintained for a certain period of time before the closing of the injector 1 in the closing phase leads to a sharp drop in the mass flow to zero.
- the plateau phase can be omitted or lasted only for a very short time.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an equivalent image for a flow path along a streamline from the injector 1 to the combustion chamber 16.
- Such an equivalent image can be viewed as a series connection of n (n>1) throttle points.
- throttle point 1 and throttle point n two throttle points connected in series (throttle point 1 and throttle point n) in which a sound passage from subsonic to supersonic takes place along the flow path in the plateau phase.
- the narrowest cross section along the flow path during operation of the injector is dimensioned in such a way that at least one sound passage along the flow path up to the maximum engine back pressure during the injection phase is achieved over at least two thirds of the entire plateau phase, preferably over the entire plateau phase .
- the flow is adjusted from supersonic to subsonic via compression shocks at throttle points.
- FIG. 5 shows several options for arranging the narrowest cross section of the injection line at different points.
- Fig. 5(a) shows the narrowest cross section of the injection duct in a region between the inlet and outlet openings
- Fig. 5 (b) shows the narrowest cross section of the injection duct at the fleas of the outlet opening
- Fig. 5 (c) shows the narrowest cross section the injection line for fleas of the inlet port.
- n throttles arranged in series which represent the flow path along a streamline from the injector to the combustion chamber, are coordinated and placed in such a way that a supersonic flow (at least during a plateau phase of the injector). This is advantageous with regard to impact-induced turbulence or mixing of fuel and air.
- Figure 6 shows two different shaped configurations of an injection duct 50.
- Figure 6(a) shows an injection duct 50 which is generally in the form of a straight pipe.
- the black arrow symbolizes the direction of flow of the fluid that is guided through the injection line 50 and is discharged at the outlet opening 51 .
- 6 (b) shows a curved design of the injection line 50, as a result of which the injection angle of the fluid jet leaving the outlet opening 51 can be influenced.
- the geometric exit angle does not correspond to the exit angle of the flow, especially when the length of the injection line is relatively short and the flow direction of the jet can only be influenced to a limited extent as a result.
- FIG. 7 shows different representations of injection lines whose outlet cross section lies in one plane (FIG. 7 (a)) or in different, discretely or continuously distributed outlet planes (cf. FIGS. 7 (b) to (d)).
- the representations in FIG. 7 (a) each have an exit cross section which is arranged in a single plane.
- FIG. 7(c) and FIG. 7(d) show a further possibility for an outlet opening 51 which is not arranged in a single plane.
- the inner contour 52 of the injection line 50 is provided with rectangular crenellations in the direction of flow of the fluid to be dispensed, which run in the circumferential direction of the injection line 50 .
- there are different exit planes of the flow guided through the injection line 50 which are offset from one another in the direction of flow.
- 7(d) shows the exit from the injection line 50 in an unrolled form.
- Fig. 8 shows further advantageous modifications of the injection line 50, in which at least one further opening 56 is provided in the area between the inlet opening and the outlet opening 51, which is used to feed a fluid into the injection line and/or to discharge a fluid from the injection line 50 can be used.
- FIG. 8(a) shows an injection line 50 whose outlet opening 51 is arranged in a combustion chamber 16 and in whose inlet opening fuel is supplied by the injector 1 .
- the injection line 50 has in the area between the
- the at least one further supply opening 56 can be embodied as a Venturi nozzle. In this case, cross-sectional changes along the main flow direction of the injection line 50 are used to bring about a suction effect through the at least one feed opening 56 .
- FIG. 8(b) shows how the opening 56 arranged between the inlet opening and the outlet opening 51 is used for discharging fuel flowing in the injection pipe 50.
- FIG. The at least one further opening 56 is therefore used here to deliver the fuel to be delivered through the injection line 50 into the combustion chamber 16 .
- the outlet opening 51 at the end of the injection line 50 is used, but also the at least one further opening 56 for dispensing fuel.
- Appropriate dimensioning of the cross-sectional profile along the main flow direction of the injection line 50 allows the fuel to exit from the injection line 50 through the at least one further opening 56 .
- FIG. 9 shows injection lines 50 of different configurations, from which it can be seen that an injection line 50 can also have a plurality of outlet openings 51 .
- FIG. 9(a) shows an injection line 50 with only one outlet opening 51
- FIG. 9(b) shows a plurality of outlet openings 51 which (as shown) can lie in a common plane.
- FIG. 10 shows different representations of inner contours 52 of the injection line 50, in which it can be seen that they each have at least one convex and at least one concave section in the inner contour 52.
- FIG. 10 (a) shows an injection line in a perspective view, in which the specific configuration of the inner contour 52 in the outlet opening 51 can already be seen.
- the sectional plane AA is shown in FIG. 10(b), so that the inner contour 52 of the outlet opening 51 is also shown.
- FIG. 10(b) one can see the inner contours 52, which are designed with convex and concave sections arranged alternately to one another.
- Figure 10(c) shows inner contours 52 that are purely convex and have no concave portions.
- the circular or elliptical inner contour shown as an example is a purely convex inner contour 52 which has no concave sections and therefore causes less thorough mixing when the fluid guided through the injection line 50 emerges.
- Fig. 10 (d) shows three different inner contours 52 of the outlet opening 51 according to the invention.
- crenellated elements extending towards the center in the circumferential direction, which contribute to the formation of the convex sections.
- the wall thickness is not constant in the circumferential direction, but can change continuously or suddenly, so that when a fluid is passed through the injection line 50 and discharged from the outlet opening 51, the specific shape of the inner contours 52 results in good mixing due to the occurring turbulence contributes.
- Convex areas are marked with an x and concave areas with a v.
- the connecting line runs through a convex section if the actual course of the inner contour 52 runs on the side of the straight connecting line facing away from the center of the outlet opening 51 and a concave section if the actual course of the inner contour 52 runs on the side of the straight connecting line facing towards the center of the outlet opening.
- FIGS. 11(b) and 11(c) each show an inner contour 52 that has both concave and convex sections. It can be provided that the inner contour at the outlet opening 51 can be continuously differentiated or has kinks.
- FIG. 12 shows a further detailed view of a (unrolled) inner contour of the outlet opening 51.
- the inner contour has webs 55 and ramps 54 along the direction of flow.
- the arrangement of ramps 54 and lands 55 leads to strong differences in velocity between the adjacent flow paths and in the boundary layer on the walls of the lands 55, which are illustrated in FIG. 12 by arrows of different brightness.
- Strong vortices form at the edges of the inner contour 52 and at the outlet of the injection line 50, which leads to good turbulent mixing of fuel and air. This mixing is shown in FIG. 12 by the arrows surrounding the dashed lines.
- FIG. 13 shows an illustration of three differently designed inner contours, each of which is provided with webs 55 and ramps 54 in the area of the outlet opening or the outlet cross section 53 .
- FIG. 13(a) shows several ramps 54 sloping away from the interior, between which a web 55 is arranged, which represents a constant continuation of the inner contour.
- this leads to a pinnacle-like configuration, with the pinnacles running rectangular here being directed towards the interior of the injection line.
- Fig. 13(b) shows a different embodiment in the area of the outlet opening, in which case ramps 54 are provided which incline towards the interior of the injection duct.
- the ramps 54 are each separated from one another by a web 55 running in a straight line, so that the outlet cross section 53 also has a crenellated configuration here, in which the crenellations are directed toward the interior of the injection line.
- 13(c) shows a further embodiment in which ramps 54 inclined in different directions are arranged in alternation with one another. Again one can see that the darker arrows flow with higher speed than the lighter arrows, so that turbulences arise between the different fast flows and at the outlet, which lead to a good mixing.
- ramps 54 and webs 55 in the area of the outlet opening of the injection line 50, in which the outlets (with or without ramps) lie in offset planes.
- the ramps 54 begin at different positions along the flow direction and have different gradients.
- ramps 54 all of which are inclined away from the interior of the injection line, but can have a different gradient. It can thus be seen that the ramp 54 arranged centrally in FIG. 15 has a greater inclination than the ramps 54 adjacent thereto. In addition, the ramps 54 are also offset from one another in the direction of flow. 16 shows two detailed views of the injection line in the area of the outlet opening, ramps 54 and webs 55 being provided there and the flow prevailing there being a supersonic flow (Ma>1). If the injection line If the flow is now operated in such a way that the flow is supersonic at the beginning or end of the ramps 54, a compression shock occurring towards the flow center occurs at the points at which the flow is deflected away from the outside towards the center of the flow. The formation of the compression shock creates shock-induced vortices that lead to better mixing of fuel and air.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021110884.5A DE102021110884A1 (de) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-04-28 | Einblasleitung für einen Injektor zum Einblasen von Kraftstoff |
| PCT/EP2022/060223 WO2022228932A2 (de) | 2021-04-28 | 2022-04-19 | Einblasleitung für einen injektor zum einblasen von kraftstoff |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4295028A2 true EP4295028A2 (de) | 2023-12-27 |
| EP4295028B1 EP4295028B1 (de) | 2025-12-10 |
Family
ID=81654665
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22723581.9A Active EP4295028B1 (de) | 2021-04-28 | 2022-04-19 | Einblasleitung für einen injektor zum einblasen von kraftstoff |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4295028B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021110884A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022228932A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022130562A1 (de) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-05-23 | Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh | Injektor zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff |
| US12385452B2 (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2025-08-12 | Cummins Inc. | Fuel injector for gaseous fuel and valve assembly for the same |
| DE102023116067A1 (de) * | 2023-06-20 | 2024-12-24 | Alstom Holdings | Fahrzeug und entsprechendes Verfahren |
| CN116877305A (zh) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-10-13 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | 喷管、供氢系统及氢气发动机的防回火控制方法 |
| CN117212013A (zh) * | 2023-10-30 | 2023-12-12 | 山西柴油机工业有限责任公司 | 一种带导向挺杆的低惯量喷油器 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018131831A1 (de) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH340093A (de) * | 1956-05-12 | 1959-07-31 | Sulzer Ag | Brennstoffeinspritzdüse und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| KR930004967B1 (ko) * | 1988-07-13 | 1993-06-11 | 가부시기가이샤 히다찌세이사꾸쇼 | 전자식 연료 분사밸브 |
| US6708905B2 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2004-03-23 | Emissions Control Technology, Llc | Supersonic injector for gaseous fuel engine |
| FR2878583A1 (fr) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-06-02 | Renault Sas | Buse d'injection de carburant |
| ES2464495T3 (es) * | 2009-07-30 | 2014-06-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Tobera y método para hacer la misma |
| DE102014212562A1 (de) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injektor, insbesondere Einblasinjektor zur Direkteinblasung |
| DE102018211401A1 (de) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injektor zur Eindüsung von gasförmigen Kraftstoff |
| EP3850210A1 (de) * | 2018-09-13 | 2021-07-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Düse mit mikrostrukturierten durchgangslöchern |
-
2021
- 2021-04-28 DE DE102021110884.5A patent/DE102021110884A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-04-19 EP EP22723581.9A patent/EP4295028B1/de active Active
- 2022-04-19 WO PCT/EP2022/060223 patent/WO2022228932A2/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018131831A1 (de) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022228932A2 (de) | 2022-11-03 |
| DE102021110884A1 (de) | 2022-11-03 |
| WO2022228932A3 (de) | 2022-12-22 |
| EP4295028B1 (de) | 2025-12-10 |
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