EP4287233A1 - Schalter für ein schaltgerät - Google Patents

Schalter für ein schaltgerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4287233A1
EP4287233A1 EP22176771.8A EP22176771A EP4287233A1 EP 4287233 A1 EP4287233 A1 EP 4287233A1 EP 22176771 A EP22176771 A EP 22176771A EP 4287233 A1 EP4287233 A1 EP 4287233A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
switch
contact
standby position
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22176771.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4287233B1 (de
Inventor
Christian Reuber
Dietmar Gentsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
ABB Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Priority to EP22176771.8A priority Critical patent/EP4287233B1/de
Priority to CN202310630910.7A priority patent/CN117153591A/zh
Publication of EP4287233A1 publication Critical patent/EP4287233A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4287233B1 publication Critical patent/EP4287233B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/24—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using pneumatic or hydraulic actuator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H3/3005—Charging means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch for a switchgear, such as an air-insulated switchgear or a gas-insulated switchgear for low, medium and high voltage applications.
  • Such fast closing devices or earthing devices can be used in switchgears to quickly and reliably connect busbars to ground in case of an electrical failure, for example an electrical arc between the three phases.
  • Such fast closing switches can be utilized for example for the short-circuiting of non-performing single cells in a series of cells of an HVDC converter.
  • Vacuum chambers can be used for this switching function for a compact design, reliable insulation and switching function and for a sealed operation, so that gases or sparks from the switching operation cannot escape.
  • switch for a switchgear comprising:
  • the piston is configured to move within the cylinder from a standby position to a released position along an axis of the cylinder.
  • the piston When in the standby position the piston is spaced from the contact and electrically isolated from the contact.
  • the contact is also referred to as a conductive top.
  • the cylinder When in the standby position the cylinder is electrically isolated from the contact.
  • the piston When in the released position the piston is in electrical connection with the contact.
  • the piston is in electrical connection with the cylinder. Movement of the piston from the standby position to the released position is configured to move the pin within a bore of the contact from a standby position to a released position. Movement of the pin from the standby position to the released position is configured to indicate that the piston has moved from the standby position to the released position.
  • the stored energy unit is located within or associated with the switch such that activation of the stored energy unit is configured to move the piston from the standby position to the released position.
  • a switch such as an ultra fast earthing switch (UFES) has been released.
  • UES ultra fast earthing switch
  • the cylinder is configured to connect to a part of a switchgear at earth potential.
  • the contact is configured to make electrical connection with at least one current carrying part of the switchgear.
  • movement of the pin from the standby position to the released position is configured to cut through a communication cable to indicate that the piston has moved from the standby position to the released position.
  • the communication cable is an optical fibre.
  • a galvanic free detection means where for example a signal that normally passes through the optical fibre is interrupted when the fibre is broken as the switch closes, and it can be detected that the switch has closed in going from the standby position to the released position.
  • the switch when in the standby position the switch is configured such that at least one region inside the switch between piston and the contact is configured to be under vacuum.
  • a barrier when in the standby position a barrier is configured to form a first region inside the switch between piston and the barrier configured to be under vacuum and the barrier is configured to form a second region inside the switch between barrier and the piston configured to be under vacuum.
  • movement of the piston from the standby position to the released position is configured to break the barrier with the piston.
  • the switch comprises a bellows.
  • a first end of the bellows in connected to the pin and a second end of the bellows is connected to the contact.
  • a vacuum tight seal is formed around the bore of the contact by the bellows.
  • a vacuum can be provided within the switch enabling the piston to move rapidly towards the contact upon activation as there is no air resistance and further electrical isolation is provided between the cylinder and the contact in the standby position due to the intervening vacuum.
  • the switch comprises at least one insulator wall section between the cylinder and the contact.
  • the piston when in the standby position the piston is held in position by a lid connected to the piston and connected to the cylinder.
  • the piston when in the standby position the piston is held in position by a lid connected to the piston and connected to at least one insulator wall section between the cylinder and the contact.
  • the lid comprises a predetermined breaking area configured to break when the piston moves from the standby position to the released position.
  • gas from the stored energy unit is configured to move the piston from the standby position to the released position upon activation of the stored energy unit.
  • the stored energy unit comprises a micro gas generator or a pressurized gas container.
  • a switchgear with one or more switches according to the first aspect.
  • Figs. 1-5 relate to switches for a switchgear, such as a low, medium or high voltage switch gear.
  • a switch 1 comprises a cylinder 20, a piston 30, a contact 50, a pin 60, and a stored energy unit 100.
  • the piston is configured to move within the cylinder from a standby position to a released position along an axis of the cylinder. When in the standby position the piston is spaced from the contact and electrically isolated from the contact. When in the standby position the cylinder is electrically isolated from the contact. When in the released position the piston is in electrical connection with the contact. When in the released position the piston is in electrical connection with the cylinder. Movement of the piston from the standby position to the released position is configured to move the pin within a bore 53 of the contact from a standby position to a released position.
  • Movement of the pin from the standby position to the released position is configured to indicate that the piston has moved from the standby position to the released position.
  • the stored energy unit is located within or associated with the switch such that activation of the stored energy unit is configured to move the piston from the standby position to the released position.
  • the cylinder is configured to connect to a part of a switchgear at earth potential.
  • the contact is configured to make electrical connection with at least one current carrying part of the switchgear.
  • movement of the pin from the standby position to the released position is configured to cut through a communication cable 80 to indicate that the piston has moved from the standby position to the released position.
  • the communication cable is an optical fibre.
  • the switch when in the standby position the switch is configured such that at least one region inside the switch between piston and the contact is configured to be under vacuum.
  • a barrier 110 when in the standby position a barrier 110 is configured to form a first region inside the switch between piston and the barrier configured to be under vacuum and the barrier is configured to form a second region inside the switch between barrier and the piston configured to be under vacuum.
  • the barrier 110 is a conductive barrier.
  • movement of the piston from the standby position to the released position is configured to break the barrier with the piston.
  • the switch comprises a bellows 70.
  • a first end of the bellows in connected to the pin and a second end of the bellows is connected to the contact.
  • a vacuum tight seal is formed around the bore of the contact.
  • the switch comprises at least one insulator wall section 10 between the cylinder and the contact.
  • the piston when in the standby position the piston is held in position by a lid 40 connected to the piston and connected to the cylinder.
  • the piston when in the standby position the piston is held in position by a lid 40 connected to the piston and connected to at least one insulator wall 10 section between the cylinder and the contact.
  • the lid comprises a predetermined breaking area 42 configured to break when the piston moves from the standby position to the released position.
  • gas from the stored energy unit is configured to move the piston from the standby position to the released position upon activation of the stored energy unit.
  • the stored energy unit comprises a micro gas generator or a pressurized gas container.
  • the stored energy unit comprises one or more springs. Expansion of the one or springs is configured to move the piston from the standby position to the released position upon activation of the stored energy unit.
  • the piston comprises an electrical contact 33 that is configured to slide along an inner surface of the cylinder and make electrical connection between the piston and the cylinder.
  • the electrical contact is configured to make electrical connection between the piston and the cylinder when the piston has moved to the released position.
  • the piston and contact are configured such that in the released position a portion of an outer surface 31 of the piston is in contact with a portion of an inner surface 51 of the contact.
  • portion of the outer surface of the piston and the portion of the inner surface of the contact are shaped such that in moving from the standby position to the released position the piston is locked in the released position.
  • portion of the outer surface of the piston is conically shaped and the portion of the inner surface of the contact is conically shaped.
  • a switchgear can comprise one or more switches as described above
  • Fig. 1 shows an outside view of a switch 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of an exemplar switch 1 in standby position.
  • Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of the switch of Fig. 2 in released position.
  • Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of an exemplar switch 1 - with two independent gaps - in standby position.
  • Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of the switch 1 of Fig. 4 in released position.
  • the fast closing or earthing switch 1 generally works as follows.
  • An insulator 10, a piston 30, a lid 40 and a conductive top 50 define a sealed, evacuated volume.
  • the volume can be manufactured, evacuated and sealed by 1) brazing and 2) evacuating (using a small tube that is closed after wards), or in a common process inside of a furnace.
  • a conductive cylinder and a micro gas generator can then be added in an assembly process.
  • electrical terminals can be attached to the lower surface 22 (or to the corresponding outer cylindrical surface 25) and to the upper surface 52 (or to the corresponding outer cylindrical surface 55) to connect the fast closing switch to any electrical circuit.
  • the micro gas generator 100 is left without electrical feeding, the piston 30 stays in its lower position as shown in Fig. 2 and no current can flow from the lower terminal (from the cylinder 20 and the piston 30) to the upper terminal (to the contact or conductive top 50).
  • the micro gas generator 100 can be fired. Due to the pressure of the evolving gases, the piston 30 will be pushed upwards with high force. The predetermined breaking area 42 of the lid 40 will break and the piston 30 will run upwards with high speed until the piston 30 hits the lower end of the conductive top 50. The conical area 31 of the piston and the conical area 51 of the contact or conductive top 50 are formed such that the piston 30 will be clamped inside of the conductive top 50 so that a solid and reliable electrical connection between the piston 30 and contact or conductive top 50 will be established.
  • the piston 30 further comprises means of electrical contacting 33 to the inner surface of the conductive cylinder 20.
  • the means 33 can be an integral part of the piston 30, but they can also be a separate part or parts like a spiral contact or a multi-contact system. In this closed status in the released position, current can flow from the lower surface 22 of the conductive cylinder 20 over the piston 30 to the upper surface 52 of the contact or conductive top 50 and the fast closing switch 1 is mechanically and electrically closed in a solid and reliable way.
  • the switch has means to cut an optical fibre 80 for the detection of a successful operation of the fast closing switch 1 from the outside of the switch. Further, this detection is galvanically free, so that no further constraints have to be considered in a high voltage environment.
  • the pin 60 is brazed to the upper end of a bellows 70, for example made of stainless steel.
  • the lower end of the bellows 70 is brazed to the contact or conductive top 50 so that the vacuum inside of the switch 1 is sealed in the standby or opened position of the fast closing switch 1.
  • the upper end 61 of pin 60 is pushing against an optical fibre 80.
  • the upper side of the optical fibre 80 can be fixed with a bridge 90, that can for example be screwed onto a groove in the contact or conductive top 50, so that flat conductors can still be screwed onto the surface 52 of the contact or conductive top 50, not disturbed by the bridge 90 or its fixation screws.
  • the bridge 90 comprises a hole 91 so that the upper end 61 of the pin 60 can punch a piece 81 of the optical fibre 80 through the hole 91 for a reliable interruption of the glass fibre - this is clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 5 .
  • the hole 91 may be designed in a way that is serves as a reservoir for the cut piece 81 when for example a flat conductor is screwed onto the surface 52.
  • the bridge 90 is for example made of steel or stainless steel.
  • the function of the bridge 90 can also be integrated in the flat conductor or in any other conductor fixed at the contact or conductive top 50.
  • the bridge 90 with a hole 91 is not required, because the movement of the pin 60 has been found to cut the optical fibre 80, but the bridge 90 with a hole 91 can help ensure such a cutting action.
  • a bridge 95 for guiding the upper end 61 of the pin 60 in a hole 96 in the bridge 95 can optionally be added at the upper end of the pin 60, outside of the vacuum compartment, by fixing the bridge 95 to the upper surface 52 of the contact or conductive top 50, for example in a groove, at a position above the bellows 70 and below the optical (glass) fibre 80.
  • a pin made of stainless steel in a hole of a conductive top for example made of copper or a bridge, for example made of steel or stainless steel is usually not a recommended practice, as it can result in high frictional forces and even griping after several operations, and where at least lubrication would normally be required.
  • the fast closing switch 1 can be a one-shot device for emergency use with a single operation. Therefore, excessive friction and griping will not occur here also with no lubrication.
  • lubrication with an appropriate vacuum compatible oil can be utilized if necessary, however it is considered not to be required.
  • the fast closing switch with release detection 1 may be equipped with two independent vacuum chambers in series and therefore two independent vacuum gaps in series as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 . This can be done for an improved reliability of the insulation in vacuum to mitigate spurious breakdowns of a single gap.
  • two insulators 10 are arranged in series, separated by a conductive barrier 110. In the standby position, two independent vacuum gaps in series are established.
  • the moving piston 30 will open the conductive barrier 110 due to the radially predefined breaking areas 112 in a way that no part of 110 will be between the piston 30 and the contact or conductive top 50.
  • the piston 30 After the operation, in the released position, the piston 30 will be firmly connected to the conductive top 50 so that a solid and reliable electrical connection through the fast connecting switch will be established.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
EP22176771.8A 2022-06-01 2022-06-01 Schalter für ein schaltgerät Active EP4287233B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22176771.8A EP4287233B1 (de) 2022-06-01 2022-06-01 Schalter für ein schaltgerät
CN202310630910.7A CN117153591A (zh) 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 用于开关设备的开关

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22176771.8A EP4287233B1 (de) 2022-06-01 2022-06-01 Schalter für ein schaltgerät

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4287233A1 true EP4287233A1 (de) 2023-12-06
EP4287233B1 EP4287233B1 (de) 2024-08-28

Family

ID=81926051

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22176771.8A Active EP4287233B1 (de) 2022-06-01 2022-06-01 Schalter für ein schaltgerät

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4287233B1 (de)
CN (1) CN117153591A (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2034503A1 (de) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-11 ABB Technology AG Nieder-, Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage mit Kurzschliesser.
DE202006020737U1 (de) * 2005-08-04 2009-09-24 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Passive oder aktive Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
EP2159813A1 (de) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-03 ABB Technology AG Niederspannungs-, Mittelspannungs- oder Hochspannungsanordnung
US20130033796A1 (en) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-07 Shea John J Insulated arc flash arrester

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202006020737U1 (de) * 2005-08-04 2009-09-24 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Passive oder aktive Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
EP2034503A1 (de) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-11 ABB Technology AG Nieder-, Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage mit Kurzschliesser.
EP2159813A1 (de) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-03 ABB Technology AG Niederspannungs-, Mittelspannungs- oder Hochspannungsanordnung
US20130033796A1 (en) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-07 Shea John J Insulated arc flash arrester

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DIETMAR GENTSCH ET AL: "S3 - Speed, safety and savings", ABB REVIEW 2|10, 9 September 2010 (2010-09-09), pages 84 - 86, XP055207472, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://library.e.abb.com/public/0e511a63c9eef5ebc12577990036b369/ABB%20Review%202-2010_72dpi.pdf> [retrieved on 20150812] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4287233B1 (de) 2024-08-28
CN117153591A (zh) 2023-12-01

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