EP4227971A1 - Hochspannungstrennschalter - Google Patents

Hochspannungstrennschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4227971A1
EP4227971A1 EP22155883.6A EP22155883A EP4227971A1 EP 4227971 A1 EP4227971 A1 EP 4227971A1 EP 22155883 A EP22155883 A EP 22155883A EP 4227971 A1 EP4227971 A1 EP 4227971A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
fixed
movable
main contact
arcing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22155883.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hauke Peters
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Energy Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG filed Critical Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG
Priority to EP22155883.6A priority Critical patent/EP4227971A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2023/053163 priority patent/WO2023152205A1/en
Publication of EP4227971A1 publication Critical patent/EP4227971A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high voltage disconnector switch comprising a fixed first main contact comprising at least one first contact element, a fixed second main contact comprising at least one second contact element and axially extending in extension of the fixed first main contact and a movable main contact comprising an axially extending opening, arranged movably between an open position and a closed position and axially in parallel to the fixed first main contact and the second main contact, whereby the movable main contact is electrically connected in both positions via the at least one second contact element with the fixed second main contact and only in the closed position via the at least one first contact element with the fixed first main contact.
  • Electric disconnector switches for example isolating switches, are employed for the opening or closing of circuits by the opening or closing of electrical components.
  • An isolating switch can thus be employed for the interruption of a circuit.
  • an isolating switch is employed for the opening and/or closing of a connection if no current, or only a very small current is flowing, for example after the switch-off of the current flow or before the switch-on of the current flow. This distinguishes an isolating switch from a power switch, which is employed for the switch-on and/or switch-off of the current flow, even at higher currents.
  • an arc can be generated, i.e. a self-sustained gas discharge which has a sufficiently high electrical potential difference for the maintenance, by impulse ionization, of the requisite high current density, between commutation contact elements or between commutation contact elements and a housing of the switch.
  • the arc can damage, or even destroy the commutation contact elements or the housing.
  • a key point of the invention is that a power diode such as semiconductor is arranged in the arcing current pass.
  • the power diode clips one polarity of the current flow during opening.
  • a dielectric strength of an insulation gas for example SF6 or an alternative, can recover from the arc plasma and the current flow in the next upcoming half wave is prevented as the gap can already withstood recovery voltages.
  • the arcing time is reduced to only one current loop and a contact erosion between the fixed arcing contact and the movable arcing contact is reduced.
  • the high voltage disconnector switch can be operated with higher current and voltage ratings for the bus transfer.
  • the fixed first main contact and/or the fixed second main contact is preferably provided as a tube or tube-like, having the same inner and/or outer diameter and/or arranged in axial extension and distant behind each other.
  • the fixed first main contact is preferably closed at the first axial end opposite to the fixed second main contact.
  • the fixed first main contact and/or the fixed second main contact comprise a plurality of first contact elements and/or second contact elements, where the plurality of contact elements are preferably arranged in regular distances circumferentially around the movable main contact and/or preferably are configured for sliding on the movable main contact for thereby establishing the electrical connection.
  • the movable main contact is configured for establishing only in the closed position the electrical connection between the fixed first main contact and the fixed second main contact.
  • the fixed arcing contact is configured for being at least partially encompassed by the opening of movable main contact in the closed position and/or not encompassed or at least partially not encompassed by the opening of movable main contact in the closed position.
  • the movable arcing contact can be provided rod-like and/or having in axial extension is similar or identical shape as the fixed arcing contact. While one end of the spring is preferably firmly connected to the movable arcing contact, never opposite end of the spring is preferably firmly connected to the movable main contact.
  • the term high voltage relates to voltages that exceeds 1 kV.
  • a high voltage preferably concerns nominal voltages in the range from above 72 kV to 800 kV, like 145 kV, 170 kV, 245 kV or 420 kV.
  • the high voltage disconnector switch may be provided as a circuit breaker and/or may include one or more components such as, a puffer-type cylinder, a self-blast chamber, a pressure collecting space, a compression space, or puffer volume, and an expansion space.
  • the high voltage disconnector switch preferably comprises an insulating gas which can be any suitable gas that enables to adequately extinguish an electric arc formed between the contact elements during a current interruption operation, such as, but not limited, to an inert gas as, for example, sulphur hexafluoride SF6.
  • the insulating gas used can be SF6 gas or any other dielectric insulation medium, may it be gaseous and/or liquid, and in particular can be a dielectric insulation gas or arc quenching gas.
  • an anode of the power diode is connected to the fixed first main contact and/or to the fixed arcing contact.
  • the cathode is preferably connected to the fixed arcing contact and/or to a housing of the power diode as described below.
  • the power unit is preferably connected in between the fixed first main contact and the fixed arcing contact.
  • the power unit is preferably only connected to the fixed arcing contact, which is preferably directly connected to the fixed first main contact.
  • the power diode can be provided as semiconductor.
  • a first end of the spring is connected to the movable arcing contact and an opposite second end is connected to the movable main contact.
  • the spring becomes loaded by moving the movable arcing contact.
  • the spring can be provided as a spiral spring or the like.
  • the spring extends in axial extension.
  • axial designates an extension, distance etc. in the direction of the axis, in particular in longitudinal extension of the high voltage disconnector switch. An axial separation between parts means that these parts are separated from each other when seen or measured in the direction of the axis.
  • the term "radial" designates an extension, distance etc.
  • cross-section means a plane perpendicular to the axis
  • cross-sectional area means an area in such a plane.
  • the axis is presently the switching axis of the high voltage disconnector switch.
  • movement of the movable arcing contact is limited by an axial end of the movable main contact oriented away from the spring.
  • the limitation can be achieved by a tip extending radially inwards at the axial end.
  • the movable arcing contact comprises a sliding contact, in particular a tulip contact and/or a snapping contact, oriented away from the spring, in particular towards the fixed first main contact, and configured for sliding on and thereby electrically connecting at least the fixed arcing contact.
  • the sliding contact can be configured for sliding on and thereby electrically connecting with the power diode.
  • the movable arcing contact comprises a tubular shape configured for encompassing the fixed arcing contact and, if the power diode is arranged between the fixed arcing contact and the movable arcing contact, the power diode.
  • the power diode is arranged between the fixed arcing contact and the movable arcing contact in axial extension of the fixed arcing contact oriented towards the fixed second main contact and the sliding contact is configured for sliding, in the closed position, on and thereby electrically connecting the fixed arcing contact, and, when moving the movable main contact into the opened position, initially on and thereby electrically connecting the power diode until the spring has retracted the movable sliding contact away from the power diode.
  • the movable arcing contact electrically contacts the fixed arcing contact, current does not flow via the power diode. However, once the movable arcing contact slides over and thereby contacts the power diode, current flows over the power diode such that current clipping by the diode starts.
  • the power diode comprises a conductive housing arranged in axial extension of and axially flush with the fixed arcing contact, and the housing is electrically connected to a cathode of the power diode.
  • the housing may comprise a rounded diameter as well, in particular having the same diameter as the fixed arcing contact.
  • the power diode is arranged between the fixed first main contact and the fixed arcing contact, and comprising a bypass conductor arranged, via an intermediate insulation material, on a radial surface of the fixed arcing contact up to a second opposite end of fixed arcing contact, and in particular on a radial surface of the power diode, and electrically connected to the fixed first main contact.
  • the insulation material may be provided as a coating or any of her insulating material known from prior art.
  • the insulating material is arranged circumferentially across the complete axial extension of the fixed arcing contact and/or of the power diode.
  • the bypass conductor may comprise a metal foil or any other thin conducting material arranged on and thereby radially encompassing the fixed arcing contact and/or the power diode.
  • the high voltage disconnector comprises an overvoltage protection device electrically connected between the power diode and the bypass conductor.
  • the overvoltage protection device can be provided as an arrester or any other overvoltage protection device known from prior art.
  • the overvoltage protection device is preferably connected to the cathode of the diode.
  • the overvoltage protection device can be arranged instead of the insulating material respectively can be axially encompassed between the power diode and the fixed arcing contact.
  • the second end of fixed arcing contact comprises a head having a bigger radial diameter than the bypass conductor.
  • the head may comprise a diameter only slightly bigger than the fixed arcing contact such that the movable arcing contact can slip over the head when being retracted.
  • the head is preferably provided free of insulating material.
  • the fixed arcing contact comprises an axially extending overvoltage spark gap arranged between the bypass conductor and the second end of fixed arcing contact, in particular the head.
  • Such gap may axially extend 1, 2, 5 or 10 mm and allows, similar or in addition to the overvoltage protection device, to limit transient overvoltages during operation.
  • the fixed arcing contact is provided rod-like
  • the movable main contact is provided tube-like and/or the movable arcing contact comprises at least one radially inward extending tip configured for establishing the electrical connection.
  • the movable arcing contact is preferably provided as tulip contact comprising the tip.
  • the first contact element, the second contact element and/or the third contact element is provided as spiral contact, lamellar contact or as a finger contact.
  • a plurality of respective contact elements are provided, circumferentially arranged.
  • Figs. 1a to 1c show a high voltage disconnector switch in different switching positions according to a preferred implementation.
  • the high voltage disconnector switch comprises a fixed first main contact 1, a fixed second main contact 2 and a movable main contact 3, whereby the movable main contact 3 is arranged movably in respect to the unmovably arranged fixed first main contact 1 and fixed second main contact 2 between an open position and a closed position.
  • the fixed first main contact 1 comprises a hollow cylinder-like shape, being closed at one axial end, on the left side in Fig. 1 .
  • the fixed second main contact 2 also comprises a hollow cylinder-like shape having the same radial diameter as the fixed first main contact 1 and is arranged in axial extension of the fixed first main contact 1.
  • a hollow cylinder-like 'air gap' is formed between the fixed first main contact 1 and the fixed second main contact 2.
  • the movable main contact 3 is arranged, both in the open position and in the closed position, within the fixed second main contact 2, and in closed position additionally within the fixed first main contact 1, thereby configured for moving in parallel to the axial extension of the fixed first main contact 1 and the fixed second main contact 2.
  • Both the fixed first main contact 1 and the fixed second main contact 2 comprise each at least two radially inwards oriented first contact elements 4a and second contact elements 4b for establishing an electrical connection with the movable main contact 3.
  • the first contact elements 4a and the second contact elements 4b are provided as spiral contact, lamellar contact or as finger contact.
  • the fixed first main contact 1 comprises two first contact elements 4a arranged opposite respectively facing each other and the fixed second main contact 2 also comprises two second contact elements 4b arranged opposite respectively facing each other.
  • first contact elements 4a, second contact elements 4b and third contact elements 4c described below can be provided as spiral contacts in form of a ring circumferentially the movable main contact 3 respectively the movable arcing contact 6 described below.
  • the respective contact elements can be provided as finger contacts.
  • both the first contact elements 4a and the second contact elements 4b electrically connect the movable main contact 3 such that an electrical connection respectively current flow 13 is established between fixed first main contact 1 and the fixed second main contact 2.
  • Fig. 1b shows the partly opened position.
  • the movable main contact 3 is moved away from the fixed first main contact 1 such that the first contact elements 4a do not connect the movable main contact 3 anymore, does leading to a different current flow 13 as in Fig. 1a .
  • the movable main contact 3 comprising an axially extending opening 14, which axially extends completely through the movable main contact 3.
  • a movable arcing contact 6 is movably arranged within the opening 14.
  • the movable main contact 3 comprises two opposite arranged third contact elements 4c, which electrically connect to the movable arcing contact 6.
  • the third contact elements 4c are provided as spiral contact, lamellar contact or as finger contact and are arranged radially between the movable main contact 3 and the movable arcing contact 6.
  • the high voltage disconnector switch further comprises a rod-like axially extending fixed arcing contact 5 being connected with a first end to the fixed first main contact 1 via a power diode 7.
  • the fixed arcing contact 5 is arranged within and attached to the tube-like fixed first main contact 1 for being encompassed on a second opposite end by the opening 14 of the movable main contact 3 at least in the closed position, as can be seen in Fig. 1a .
  • the power diode 7 is arranged in axial extension of the fixed arcing contact 5 between the fixed arcing contact 5 and the axial end of the fixed first main contact 1, whereby an anode of the power diode 7 is connected to the fixed first main contact 1.
  • the fixed arcing contact 5 axially touches and thus electrically connects with the movable arcing contact 6.
  • Fig. 1b shows an intermediate position of the movable main contact 3 moving away from the fixed first main contact 1 and having lost the electrical connection with the first contact elements 4a.
  • the power diode 8 is in the current path 13 such that the power diode 8 is clipping on one half wave of the current 13.
  • current flows from the fixed first main contact 1 via the power diode 8, the fixed arcing contact 5 connected to the movable arcing contact 6, the third contact elements 4c, the movable main contact 3, the second contact elements 4b and the second first main contact 2.
  • Fig. 1c shows the movable main contact 3 moved even further away and out of the fixed first main contact 1 towards the opened position with an arc burning between the fixed arcing contact 5 and the movable arcing contact 6 not electrically connected anymore.
  • the power diode 7 is still in the current path 13 and is clipping one half wave of the current.
  • the gap will recover and current flow 13 is stopped completely between the fixed first main contact 1 and the fixed second main contact 2.
  • the high voltage disconnector switch further comprises a spring 8, which is arranged within the opening 14 of the movable main contact 3.
  • the spring 8 comprises a spring load configured for pushing, in the closed position, the movable arcing contact 6 onto and thereby electrically contacting the fixed arcing contact 5.
  • a first end of the spring 8 is connected to the movable arcing contact 6 and an opposite second end is connected to the movable main contact 3.
  • Axial movement of the movable arcing contact 6 in direction of the fixed first main contact 1 is limited by an axial end of the movable main contact 3 oriented away from the spring 8 respectively towards the fixed first main contact 1, for example by means of a radial extending edge or a rim at the axial end.
  • Fig. 2 shows the high voltage disconnector switch in different switching positions according to another preferred implementation, which differs compared to the implementation shown in Fig. 1 in two aspects.
  • the arcing contact system comprising the movable arcing contact 6 and the fixed arcing contact 5 is of a snapping type thanks to the spring 8, which increases switching performance.
  • the power diode 7 is arranged between the fixed arcing contact 5 and the movable arcing contact 6.
  • the movable arcing contact 6 is provided as a tulip contact opened in axial direction away from the spring 8 respectively towards the fixed arcing contact 5 for at least partially encompassing the fixed arcing contact 5 at least in the closed position. Tips of the tulip contact slide on and thereby electrically connect the fixed arcing contact 5 in the closed position, as shown in Fig. 2a . Said tips radially extend towards the axis respectively towards the fixed arcing contact 5.
  • the power diode 7 is arranged between the fixed arcing contact 5 and the movable arcing contact 6.
  • the fixed arcing contact 5 is electrically conductive attached with one end to the fixed first main contact 1 extending axially away therefrom, and that the power diode 7 is attached on another opposite end of the fixed arcing contact 5 in axial extension thereof.
  • the power diode 7 comprises a conductive housing arranged in axial extension of and axially flush with the fixed arcing contact 5. Such way the housing and the fixed arcing contact 5 are provided one-piece.
  • the housing is electrically connected to a cathode of the power diode 7, while the anode of the power diode 7 is electrically connected to the other end of the fixed arcing contact 5.
  • the movable arcing contact 6 comprises a tubular shape, the movable arcing contact 6 in the closed position encompasses both at least a part of the fixed arcing contact 5 and the power diode 7 respectively the housing of the power diode.
  • the current is only clipped by the power diode 7 before the movable main contact 3 and the fixed first main contact 1 i.e. the main contacts 1, 3 are or come into contact, both for opening and closing. Thereby it is prevented that the main contact touch or separation will take place during a clipped current half wave. If during a clipped current half wave the main contacts close or open, the main contacts 1, 3 would bridge the power diode 5 and the full bus transfer current would flow during first touch or separation of the main contacts 1, 3, resulting in arcing and contact erosion on the main contacts 1, 3, which could lead to failure of main contacts 1, 3, if not made from arc resistance material.
  • Fig. 3 shows the high voltage disconnector switch in different switching positions according to another preferred implementation, which differs compared to the implementation shown in Fig. 2 in three aspects.
  • the power diode 7 is arranged between the fixed first main contact 1 and the fixed arcing contact 5, as shown in Fig. 3a showing a partly opened position.
  • a bypass conductor 11 is arranged, via an intermediate insulation material 9, circumferentially both on a radial surface of the fixed arcing contact 5 up to a second opposite end of fixed arcing contact 5 and on a radial surface of the power diode 7.
  • the bypass conductor 11 is electrically connected to the fixed first main contact 1, radially covering the fixed arcing contact 5 and the power diode 7. Such way the tips of the tulip contact of the movable arcing contact 6 slide on the bypass conductor 11 in the closed position as shown in Fig. 3b . In the opened position, shown in Fig. 3c , where the main contacts 1, 3 are open, the current flow 13 goes via the bypass conductor 11 to prevent the power diode 7 to become active.
  • the spring 8 When further retracting the movable main contact 3 away from the fixed first main contact 1, as shown in Fig. 3d , the spring 8 begins to charge as the tip of the tulip contact becomes latched at a head of the fixed arcing contact 5 arranged at the second end, which comprises a bigger radial diameter than the bypass conductor 11. Current flow 13 goes still over the bypass conductor 11 such that the power diode 7 is inactive.
  • the tip of the tulip contact slips over the head of the fixed arcing contact 5.
  • the movable main contact 3 due to the loaded spring 8, begins to accelerate for moving the movable main contact 3 further away from the fixed first main contact 1.
  • the power diode 7 becomes activated and current is clipped.
  • Fig. 3f the movable main contact 3 is separated from the fixed arcing contact 5 and retracts even faster away while an arc 16 is burning.
  • Current flow 13 still goes over the power diode 7.
  • the current flow 13 is then clipped by the power diode 7 and arcing stops so that the movable main contact 3 moves in fully open position.
  • Fig. 3g shows that transient overvoltages during operation are limited by an axially extending overvoltage spark gap 12 or an overvoltage protection device 10.
  • the overvoltage spark gap 12 is arranged between the bypass conductor 11 and the second end of fixed arcing contact 5 i.e. before the head, such wise leaving an axial surface of the fixed arcing contact 5 without the bypass conductor 11.
  • the overvoltage protection device 10 is electrically connected between the power diode 7 and the bypass conductor 11.
  • the dashed lines 15 in Fig. 3g show the possible transfer pass of the transient wave.
  • bus transfer is mainly inductive as current magnetic energy is stored in a loop and during current interruption said energy is transformed in an overvoltage spike.
  • the overvoltage protection device 12 can be placed in parallel to the power diode 7.
  • Such overvoltage protection can be achieved by, for example, an arrester or said gas discharge gap

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP22155883.6A 2022-02-09 2022-02-09 Hochspannungstrennschalter Pending EP4227971A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22155883.6A EP4227971A1 (de) 2022-02-09 2022-02-09 Hochspannungstrennschalter
PCT/EP2023/053163 WO2023152205A1 (en) 2022-02-09 2023-02-09 High-voltage disconnector switch

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22155883.6A EP4227971A1 (de) 2022-02-09 2022-02-09 Hochspannungstrennschalter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4227971A1 true EP4227971A1 (de) 2023-08-16

Family

ID=80447340

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22155883.6A Pending EP4227971A1 (de) 2022-02-09 2022-02-09 Hochspannungstrennschalter

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4227971A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2023152205A1 (de)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1243759B (de) * 1966-03-29 1967-07-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Druckgasschalter mit aus Stift und Duese bestehendem Duesenkontakt
DE1266855B (de) * 1965-09-04 1968-04-25 Starkstrom Schaltgeraetefabrik Schaltkontaktanordnung mit geringem Abbrand bei Wechselstrom
JP2011142035A (ja) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-21 Toshiba Corp ガス絶縁断路器
EP2523203A1 (de) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-14 ABB Technology AG Schaltvorrichtung und zugehörige Schaltanlage
EP2728602A1 (de) * 2012-11-05 2014-05-07 ABB Technology AG Elektrischer Hochspannungs-Lasttrenner und Verfahren zum Öffnen desselben
US20190198272A1 (en) * 2016-08-26 2019-06-27 Abb Schweiz Ag Switch and method for disconnecting a switch
EP3624160A1 (de) * 2018-09-11 2020-03-18 ABB Schweiz AG Schaltvorrichtung

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1266855B (de) * 1965-09-04 1968-04-25 Starkstrom Schaltgeraetefabrik Schaltkontaktanordnung mit geringem Abbrand bei Wechselstrom
DE1243759B (de) * 1966-03-29 1967-07-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Druckgasschalter mit aus Stift und Duese bestehendem Duesenkontakt
JP2011142035A (ja) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-21 Toshiba Corp ガス絶縁断路器
EP2523203A1 (de) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-14 ABB Technology AG Schaltvorrichtung und zugehörige Schaltanlage
EP2728602A1 (de) * 2012-11-05 2014-05-07 ABB Technology AG Elektrischer Hochspannungs-Lasttrenner und Verfahren zum Öffnen desselben
US20190198272A1 (en) * 2016-08-26 2019-06-27 Abb Schweiz Ag Switch and method for disconnecting a switch
EP3624160A1 (de) * 2018-09-11 2020-03-18 ABB Schweiz AG Schaltvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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