EP4269889A1 - Système de ventilation pour un bâtiment - Google Patents

Système de ventilation pour un bâtiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4269889A1
EP4269889A1 EP23169920.8A EP23169920A EP4269889A1 EP 4269889 A1 EP4269889 A1 EP 4269889A1 EP 23169920 A EP23169920 A EP 23169920A EP 4269889 A1 EP4269889 A1 EP 4269889A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
ventilation system
ventilation
fluid
decentralized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23169920.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Volker Roschmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ERNE AG Holzbau
Original Assignee
ERNE AG Holzbau
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ERNE AG Holzbau filed Critical ERNE AG Holzbau
Publication of EP4269889A1 publication Critical patent/EP4269889A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F24F5/0092—Systems using radiation from walls or panels ceilings, e.g. cool ceilings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/147—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/065—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit fan combined with single duct; mounting arrangements of a fan in a duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/005—Cyclic ventilation, e.g. alternating air supply volume or reversing flow direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ventilation system for a building.
  • the invention relates to a ventilation system of a closed room or a plurality of rooms, for example an office room, a training room, a production hall, a room in an apartment or in a residential building.
  • the invention also relates to a method and a system for temperature control of a building.
  • thermoactive wall and ceiling element which can be installed in new buildings or old buildings in order to heat or cool the rooms, in particular making a contribution to the rational use of renewable energy sources by temporarily storing heat.
  • the room climate can be adapted to the respective needs more efficiently and cost-effectively.
  • the wall and ceiling element according to EP 1 470 372 B1 contains a closed box for temporarily storing heat as a latent heat storage.
  • the box contains a phase change material based on normal paraffin or a salt hydrate, with additional heat-conducting ribs being provided or graphite being added to the phase change material to increase the thermal conductivity.
  • the box can switch between the heat storage and heat transfer operating modes by using a drive means, for example an electrochemical actuator, whose position can be changed relative to a heat transfer element, for example a fin structure with a heating and cooling pipe, so that in the storage mode there is an air gap between the box and the heat transfer element is present and in the heat transfer mode the box rests on the heat transfer element.
  • a drive means for example an electrochemical actuator
  • a heat transfer element for example a fin structure with a heating and cooling pipe
  • a non-structural element can be arranged on a structural element in an intermediate floor cavity, which is formed as a storage element, which is in DE69525672T2 is described.
  • the non-structural element is formed as a layer, wherein air can flow between the layer and the surface of the storage element to facilitate heat transfer between the air and the structural element.
  • a central ventilation system is used in this document.
  • thermoactive component systems are also used in which pipe registers are integrated into components of the building structure that contain water for heating or cooling, so-called thermoactive component systems.
  • thermoactive component systems are characterized in that surface temperature control is made possible by the pipe registers through which water flows over a large surface, for example a wall, a ceiling, a floor. Surface temperature control is achieved by exploiting small temperature differences between the room temperature and the water temperature.
  • the heat storage capacity of concrete can be used for room temperature control purposes.
  • the pipe registers are integrated into a concrete slab that serves as a ceiling element, wall element or floor element.
  • Such a pipe register usually consists of plastic pipes laid in the concrete slabs or capillary tube mats through which water flows as a heating or cooling medium, the water temperature usually being in the range of 18 to 28 degrees Celsius.
  • the achievable room temperature can be in the range of 21 degrees Celsius to 24 degrees Celsius inclusive in winter and 23 degrees Celsius to 26 degrees Celsius inclusive in summer.
  • thermoactive component systems reaches its limits when the need for cooling increases due to increasing warming due to climate change or the use of the building is subject to changes. These factors must therefore already be taken into account in building planning.
  • solar energy can be integrated into the heating concept, as in the document KR102241214 B1 is described.
  • a latent heat storage unit is also required to operate this heating concept so that the heat energy transferred from the sun can be stored for later use.
  • the moisture content of the room air generally decreases during the heating period.
  • the heated air is sucked out of the system and ventilated KR102241214 B1 supplied to the environment. Since warm air can store more moisture than cold air, which is supplied to the solar heating system during the heating period, there is a gradual reduction in the moisture content of the room air.
  • the previously known ventilation systems are therefore characterized by a high space requirement, a high energy requirement for air delivery and high pressure losses. Furthermore, thermal comfort is only available to a limited extent, as there may be draft problems or there is only low humidity in the winter months. In addition, annoying air noises can occur. For all of these reasons, such previously known ventilation systems can also be associated with high investment costs and operating costs.
  • the air conveying element is in a fluid-conducting connection with the connecting element and the air transport channel and can either convey air from the connecting element into the air transport channel or convey air from the air transport channel into the connecting element.
  • the ventilation space is in a fluid-conducting connection with the connecting element.
  • the connecting element is in a fluid-conducting connection with the air transport channel via the exchange channel.
  • the ventilation space includes a common surface with the storage element such that thermal energy can be transferred from the storage element to the ventilation space or thermal energy can be transferred from the ventilation space to the storage element.
  • the exchange channel contains channel walls for exchanging water and heat, at least one of the channel walls containing a hygroscopic material.
  • the channel walls of the exchange channel are thus designed to absorb or release heat and water, the water being in the vaporous state, hereinafter referred to as water vapor.
  • the hygroscopic material can include a wood material or clay.
  • the wood material can have a heat capacity that can be in the range from 2000 to 2720 J/kg K.
  • the wood material can contain construction beech.
  • the heat capacity of Baubuche is approximately 2021 J/kg K.
  • the wood material can contain spruce.
  • the heat capacity of building spruce is approximately 2720 J/kg K.
  • a decentralized ventilation system is surprisingly advantageous because the system components are distributed throughout the building.
  • the system components therefore require less installation space because they have smaller dimensions in previously known central ventilation systems.
  • cross-zone connection channels are required for central ventilation systems, which can be completely eliminated for a decentralized ventilation system.
  • first mode of operation If air is conveyed from the connection element into the ventilation space, this process is referred to below as the first mode of operation. If air is conveyed from the ventilation space into the connection element, this process is referred to below as the second operating mode.
  • Each of the first and second modes of operation represents a cycle.
  • the air delivery element is switchable, which means that the flow direction of the air in the air transport channel, the exchange channel and the connecting element is reversible.
  • the air conveying element is operated in such a way that air is alternately introduced into the ventilation space and taken out of the ventilation space.
  • the air delivery element can be switched periodically.
  • the operating principle is based on the breathing process of a human being.
  • the ventilation space corresponds to the lungs, whereby instead of the transfer of oxygen, heat is transferred from the storage element to the air flowing in the ventilation space or heat is released from the air flowing in the ventilation space to the storage element.
  • the respiratory tract corresponds to the air transport channel, the exchange channel and the connecting element.
  • the diaphragm for air transport corresponds to the air delivery element.
  • the nose for supplying fresh air or expelling used air corresponds to the connection element.
  • the connection element establishes the connection to the environment; it is in particular a facade opening. The connection element can thus be in a fluid-conducting connection with the surroundings of the building.
  • the connecting element is designed either as a ventilation element or as a venting element.
  • connection element is designed either as an air inlet element or as an air outlet element.
  • the air conveying element comprises a fan.
  • the fan can be used to generate an amount of air required for a closed room if the ventilation room does not contain any other air flow sources or is connected to other air flow sources.
  • the fan can be arranged in a fan housing. Means for sound dampening can be arranged in the fan housing, so that particularly noise-friendly operation of the air conveying element is possible.
  • the air conveying element can include a heat recovery system or a heat exchanger.
  • the exchange channel is designed as a slot between two wooden support elements.
  • a slot is just one embodiment of an exchange channel.
  • the exchange channel can, for example, be tubular.
  • the exchange channel can contain several sub-channels.
  • the exchange channel contains diverting elements or deflection elements in order to increase the available heat exchange surface.
  • the storage element comprises a concrete slab.
  • the heat storage function of a concrete slab which is contained in a floor ceiling, for example, is not absolutely necessary.
  • the storage element can contain a thermal floor. This exemplary embodiment is particularly suitable for applications for which only a smaller storage mass is required.
  • the thermal floor can contain a plurality of pipe elements for a heat transfer fluid.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention can be combined with other heating systems or cooling systems.
  • heating systems that should be mentioned here are electric blankets, underfloor heating or wall heating surfaces. Cooling ceilings or wall cooling surfaces should be mentioned as examples of cooling systems.
  • the storage element contains at least one pipe element for circulating a heat transfer fluid.
  • a heat transfer fluid can be used as the heat transfer fluid.
  • a plate element through which water flows For example, a wall, a floor element or a floor ceiling is not absolutely necessary.
  • the air delivery element can be switched to reverse the flow direction of the air.
  • connection element is designed as a facade opening.
  • the facade opening can be equipped with weather protection so that no moisture can penetrate into the building.
  • the ventilation system comprises a control unit and/or a regulation unit.
  • a cycle can be defined for free cooling as a function of a temperature difference by means of the control unit and/or regulation unit.
  • the temperature difference can be understood in particular to mean the temperature difference between the air in the environment, i.e. the outside air, and the air in the room. Free cooling occurs when the temperature range of the outside air is between 16 degrees Celsius and 20 degrees Celsius.
  • the cycle is adjusted so that the supply air temperature is energetically optimized.
  • the supply air temperature is the temperature that the supply air has when it enters the room. If heat recovery is planned, the outside air must be heated or cooled so that it can be blown into the comfort area. Conditioning occurs by heating or cooling the outside air. With conditioning, the outside air becomes supply air. In other words, the supply air is created through conditioning from the outside air.
  • the comfort range refers to thermal comfort according to ISO7730:2006-05.
  • ISO7730:2006-05 defines the comfort range for the variables room air temperature, room air humidity, room air velocity, degree of turbulence of the room air flow, radiation asymmetries and temperature gradients.
  • the supply air temperature can be adjusted to ensure thermal comfort according to ISO7730:2006-05 Class A and/or Class B.
  • a ventilation system according to the invention can have a draft risk according to DIN EN ISO 7730:2006-05 of a maximum of 10% and meet class A according to DIN EN ISO 7730:2006-05.
  • a ventilation system according to the invention can have a draft risk of a maximum of 20%, with the air temperature being in the range from 20 ° C to 24 ° C inclusive, with the degree of turbulence being up to a maximum of 40%, with the air speed being at a maximum is 0.22 m/s.
  • a ventilation system according to the invention can have a draft risk of a maximum of 20%, with the air temperature being in the range from 20°C to 24°C inclusive, with the degree of turbulence being up to a maximum of 40%, with the air speed in the range from 0.16 m/s up to and including 0.22 m/s.
  • the ventilation system can have a draft risk of up to a maximum of 10%, with the air temperature being in the range from 20 ° C to 24 ° C inclusive, with the degree of turbulence being up to a maximum of 40%, with the air speed in the range from 0.1 m / s to including 0.15 m/s.
  • the cycle may include a first mode of operation or a second mode of operation.
  • the first mode of operation can correspond to the process of inhaling and is characterized by a first period.
  • the second mode of operation can correspond to the process of exhaling and is characterized by a second period duration. If the first period duration or the second period duration is each in the range of at least 30 seconds up to and including 300 seconds, the heat exchanged can amount to more than 95% of the possible heat transfer.
  • the water vapor exchanged i.e. the water vapor absorbed or released through the channel walls, can amount to more than 95% of the possible exchanged water vapor if the first period duration or the second period duration is in the range of at least 30 seconds up to and including 300 seconds. For water vapor, the percentages are to be understood as percent by weight.
  • the heat exchanged can be less than 95% of the possible heat transfer.
  • the water vapor exchanged i.e. the water vapor absorbed or released through the channel walls, can amount to less than 95% of the possible exchanged water vapor if the first period duration or the second period duration is in the range of at least 20 minutes up to and including 60 minutes.
  • the percentages are to be understood as percent by weight.
  • the process of inhaling can be followed by a pause or the process of inhaling can be preceded by a pause.
  • the process of exhaling can be followed by a pause or the process of exhaling can be preceded by a pause.
  • the cycle contains the first and second Mode of operation and all associated break times.
  • the period duration can be the same length for the first operating mode and the second operating mode.
  • the air delivery element can be switched in such a way that air can flow from the connection element into the ventilation space.
  • the air delivery element In the second mode of operation, the air delivery element can be switched in such a way that air can flow from the ventilation space to the connection element.
  • the period duration can be shorter for the first mode of operation than for the second mode of operation if the flow velocity in the connection element is higher when flowing into the ventilation system than when flowing out of the ventilation system. For example, if wind hits the connection element, the wind speed adds to the flow speed that can be generated by the air conveying element, for example if the connection element is arranged on the windward side.
  • the period duration can be longer for the first mode of operation than for the second mode of operation if the flow velocity in the connection element is lower when flowing into the ventilation system than when flowing out of the ventilation system. If the connection element is located on the leeward side of the building, the air delivery element must also compensate for the resulting negative pressure, so that any difference in air volumes can be compensated for by extending the period of the first operating mode and correspondingly reducing the period of the second operating mode.
  • the cycle can, for example, include a first operating mode with a period of 30 seconds and a second operating mode with a period of 30 seconds. If the connection element is arranged on the windward side, the cycle can accordingly include a first operating mode with a period of 20 seconds and a second operating mode with a period of 40 seconds. If the connection element is arranged on the leeward side, the cycle can accordingly include a first operating mode with a period of 35 seconds and the cycle can include a second operating mode with a period of 25 seconds.
  • the values for the period duration are only to be understood as examples.
  • a period duration can be 30 seconds up to and including 20 minutes.
  • the upper limit for the period depends in particular on the heat and Moisture exchange behavior of the wooden support elements.
  • the period length is limited by the formation of the unsteady flow.
  • the thermal effectiveness of a storage element with a thickness of 100 mm can correspond to a storage element with a thickness of approximately 300 mm.
  • An energy shift can be achieved using the storage element. Thermal energy can be transferred from the air to the storage element and is stored in the storage element until this thermal energy can be released back into colder air (for example overnight).
  • the air transport channel can be designed as an air distribution channel or air collection channel.
  • an unsteady flow condition can be created by alternating ventilation and venting. It has been shown that an unsteady room air flow results in outstanding comfort. In particular, heat recovery can be more than 90%. In particular, water recovery can be more than 80%.
  • the use of the ventilation system according to the invention does not require any ventilation centers.
  • the use of the decentralized ventilation system according to the invention does not require any air distribution ducts for horizontal or vertical distribution of air from ventilation centers to the rooms.
  • a method for temperature control of a building includes a storage element, a circuit for at least one heating medium or a coolant, the storage element containing at least a part of the circuit in which the heating medium or coolant is conveyed and the storage element containing a compensation circuit that contains a compensation agent , which circulates in the compensation circuit.
  • the storage element contains a first circuit in which the heating medium can be conveyed and a second circuit in which the coolant can be conveyed.
  • the first circuit is therefore designed to convey a heating medium.
  • the second circuit is designed to convey a coolant.
  • the compensation circuit contains the compensation agent.
  • the compensation circuit contains a funding means by which the compensation agent can be conveyed in the compensation circuit. Using this variant, a further improvement in heat exchange or accelerated temperature compensation can be achieved via the storage element or elements.
  • the circuit contains at least one shut-off means, so that at least one of the heating means or coolants is only supplied to the storage element or to the storage elements if a need for temperature control is determined for the storage element in question, which cannot be carried out by means of the compensation means .
  • This method variant ensures that only a minimal energy supply to the system or energy output from the system is required. This variant therefore leads to surprisingly higher energy efficiency.
  • a system for temperature control of a building includes a storage element, a circuit that is designed to convey a heating medium or a coolant in the storage element.
  • the storage element contains a compensation circuit which is designed to circulate a compensation agent, the circuit and the compensation circuit being at least partially arranged in the storage element.
  • the system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element, a first circuit which is designed to convey a heating medium, a second circuit which is designed to convey a coolant and the compensation circuit which contains a compensation agent, the first and the second circuit and the compensation circuit are at least partially arranged in the storage element.
  • the heating means comprises a heating fluid which can be guided in a fluid line through the storage element, so that it can flow through the fluid line which is arranged in the storage element.
  • the fluid line can be designed as a heating line.
  • the coolant comprises a cooling fluid which can be guided in a fluid line through the storage element, so that it can flow through the fluid line which is arranged in the storage element.
  • the fluid line can be designed as a cooling line.
  • the fluid line is alternatively flowed through by a heating fluid or a cooling fluid.
  • a heating line is provided for the heating fluid and a cooling line is provided for the cooling fluid.
  • the heating line is designed only to receive the heating fluid and the cooling line is only designed to receive the cooling fluid.
  • the compensation circuit is designed as a closed circuit.
  • the contains Compensation circuit is a funding medium for the compensation agent.
  • the compensation means comprises a temperature control fluid which can be guided through the storage element in a compensation line; in other words, the temperature control fluid can flow through the storage element in a compensation line.
  • the temperature control fluid can flow in the compensation line of the compensation circuit.
  • a funding means can be connected to the compensation line, for example a pump.
  • This exemplary embodiment has the advantage that the temperature control fluid can always circulate through the storage element or elements, so that an average temperature value can be set.
  • at least the circuit or the compensation circuit extends over a plurality of storage elements.
  • the first circuit, the second circuit and the compensation circuit extend over a plurality of storage elements.
  • an average temperature value is set for all storage elements. If several storage elements are provided in a building, location-related influences that arise from the orientation of the building in different directions can be balanced out by the compensation circuit. For example, a temperature equalization takes place between the storage elements located on the south side and the storage elements located on the north side, which are connected to the compensation circuit, so that a homogeneous mass storage core temperature is achieved.
  • a shut-off means can be assigned to the storage element or each of the storage elements, so that a compensating means can only be supplied to the storage element or each of the storage elements when the corresponding shut-off means is open.
  • the shut-off means can be designed as a valve if the compensating means is designed as a temperature control fluid.
  • the shut-off means is only opened when a need for temperature control is determined for the storage element in question.
  • the circuit or the first and second circuits can contain at least one shut-off means in order to prevent a supply of at least one of the heating means or coolants to the storage element or to the storage elements.
  • a so-called “breathing building” and the decentralized ventilation system that uses “communicating energy” are solutions that can be used without complex installations.
  • Both the “breathing building” and a ventilation system in which “communicating energy” is used are already a significant benefit for the environment because, surprisingly, energy consumption is noticeably reduced.
  • a “breathing building” and a ventilation system with “communicating energy” do not necessarily have to be combined.
  • the decentralized ventilation system can also bring about a surprising reduction in energy consumption in other applications.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention results in improved thermal comfort in addition to the lower environmental impact.
  • Fig. 1 shows an arrangement of a ventilation system 1 according to the invention in a building 10.
  • the building 10 comprises a plurality of rooms, the ceiling area of which contains a plurality of ventilation systems 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of one of the rooms of building 10 according to Fig. 1 , in which four ventilation systems 1 are shown as examples, the lower room boundary being omitted for the sake of simplicity. Only one of the ventilation systems 1 is labeled, the other three ventilation systems have the same structure, so for the description of the three other ventilation systems, reference is made to the following description of the ventilation system 1 on the right in the drawing.
  • the ventilation system 1 for ventilating a building 10 comprises a storage element 11, a ventilation space 2, an air conveying element 3 arranged in the ventilation space 2, an air transport duct 4, an exchange duct 5, a connecting element 6 and a connecting element 7 which is not visible in this illustration (see Fig. 3 ) to supply with Ambient air or for the emission of ambient air.
  • the air conveying element 3 is in a fluid-conducting connection with the connecting element 7 and the air transport channel 4, so that either air can be conveyed from the connecting element 7 into the air transport channel 4 or air can be conveyed from the air transport channel 4 into the connecting element 7.
  • the ventilation systems shown show a first mode of operation, according to which air can be conveyed from the connecting element 7 into the air transport duct 4 by means of the air conveying element 3, from there it enters the exchange duct 5, flows through the exchange duct 5 and then reaches the ventilation space 2 via the connecting element 6.
  • the air flows in an unsteady flow through the ventilation room 2 and can leave it via the openings 8 on the side of the room to get into the room 9 in order to regulate the temperature of the room 9 as required.
  • Ventilation systems shown show a second mode of operation according to which air is sucked from the ventilation space 2 into the connecting element 6, then enters the exchange channel 5, flows through the exchange channel 5, from there reaches the air transport channel 4, then passes into the connecting element 7 by means of the air conveying element 3 the system boundaries are promoted, for example in the surroundings of the building.
  • the air flows in an unsteady flow from the room 9 through the openings 8 into the ventilation room 2 and can leave this via the connecting element or elements 6 in order to be discharged from the ventilation system.
  • the ventilation system 1 can periodically switch between the first and second operating modes.
  • Each of the first or second modes of operation can also be referred to as a cycle.
  • Moisture can be absorbed in the exchange channel 5 when the air flows from the connecting element 7 into the ventilation space 2 as part of the first operating mode. Moisture can be released in the exchange channel 5 when air is sucked out of the ventilation space 2 as part of the second operating mode. If the walls of the exchange duct 5 contain wood or are made of wood, the wood can absorb at least some of the moisture in the air from the ventilation space 2. Warm air can be cooled in the exchange channel 5. When the warm air from ventilation room 2 is cooled, it can absorb less moisture, which is then absorbed by the wood.
  • cool ambient air which is blown into the building through the connection element 7
  • the ventilation space 2 contains a common surface with the storage element 11, so that thermal energy from the air in the ventilation space 2 can be transferred to the storage element 11. The excess heat energy from the warm air can thus be absorbed by the storage element 11 and is retained until the next cycle begins. Further heat energy and moisture are removed from the air in the exchange channel 5, which is then available again for the next cycle.
  • the first mode of operation therefore corresponds to inhalation and is also referred to below as the inhalation period.
  • the second mode of operation therefore corresponds to exhalation and is also referred to below as the exhalation period.
  • Fig. 3 shows a bottom view of the ventilation system during the inhalation period.
  • the ventilation system 1 for ventilating a building 10 comprises a storage element 11, a ventilation space 2, an air conveying element 3 arranged in the ventilation space 2, an air transport duct 4, an exchange duct 5, a connecting element 6 and a connecting element 7 for supplying ambient air or for expelling ambient air.
  • the air conveying element 3 is in a fluid-conducting connection with the connecting element 7 and the air transport channel 4, so that either air can be conveyed from the connecting element 7 into the air transport channel 4 or air can be conveyed from the air transport channel 4 into the connecting element 7.
  • the ventilation space 2 is in fluid-conducting connection with the connecting element 6, the connecting element 6 being in fluid-conducting connection with the air transport channel 4 via the exchange channel 5.
  • the ventilation space 2 contains a common surface with the storage element 11, so that thermal energy from the storage element 11 to the air located in the ventilation space 2 is transferable or thermal energy can be transferred from the air in the ventilation space 2 to the storage element 11.
  • the air conveying element 3 can include a fan.
  • the connecting element 6 is according to Fig. 3 designed as a ventilation element.
  • the connection element 7 is designed as an air inlet element.
  • the exchange channel 5 is designed as a slot between two wooden support elements.
  • the storage element 11 may comprise a concrete slab.
  • the storage element 11 contains at least one pipe element 12 for circulating a heat transfer fluid, which is shown schematically in Fig. 2 is indicated.
  • a plurality of tubular elements 12 may be provided.
  • An example of an arrangement of tubular elements 12 in a storage element is shown in Fig. 6 the EP 1 470 372 B1 shown.
  • These tube elements are designed as capillary tubes that are accommodated in a tube mat. This solution can be used to improve the control capability.
  • Fig. 4 shows a view from below of the ventilation system 1 during the exhalation period. This representation is different from Fig. 3 in that the connecting element 6 is designed as a venting element.
  • the connection element 7 is designed as an air outlet element.
  • the ventilation system 1 comprises a control unit and/or a control unit 13.
  • a duration of a cycle can be determined.
  • the cycle may include a first mode of operation or a second mode of operation.
  • the air delivery element 3 can be switched in such a way that air can flow from the connection element 7 into the ventilation space 2.
  • the air conveying element 3 can be switched in such a way that air can flow from the ventilation space 2 to the connecting element 7.
  • the cycle can in particular have a duration of 10 seconds to a maximum of one minute.
  • Fig. 5a shows a section through a beam element 14 containing an exchange channel 5 according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the exchange channel 5 contains a cavity 15, which is designed as a slot.
  • Fig. 5b shows a section through an exchange channel 5 according to a second exemplary embodiment.
  • the exchange channel is designed as a first recess 17 in a first beam element 14 and a second recess 18 in a second beam element 16.
  • a cavity 15 is formed through the first recess 17 and the second recess 18.
  • Fig. 5c shows a section through an exchange channel 5 according to a third exemplary embodiment.
  • the exchange channel 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15.
  • the cavities 15 are designed as channels with a square cross section.
  • Fig. 5d shows a section through an exchange channel according to a fourth exemplary embodiment.
  • the exchange channel 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15.
  • the cavities 15 are designed as channels with a rectangular cross section.
  • Fig. 5e shows a section through an exchange channel according to a fifth exemplary embodiment.
  • the exchange channel 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15.
  • the cavities 15 are designed as channels with a circular cross section.
  • a deflection element 19 is also arranged, for example, which disrupts the air flow and thereby serves to improve the heat exchange and/or the deposition or absorption of moisture.
  • Fig. 5a to Fig. 5e show just a few exemplary variants for the design of the exchange channel. These variants can be combined in any way to improve at least one of the effects of improving heat exchange or the absorption or release of moisture.
  • Fig. 6a shows a view of an air conveying element 3 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the air conveying element 3 conveys air from the ventilation space 2 (not shown here) via the air transport duct 4 into the connecting element 7.
  • the air conveying element 3 contains a first section, a second section and a third section.
  • the air transport channel 4 is divided into a first sub-channel 24 and a second sub-channel 25.
  • a first flap 26 is arranged in the first sub-channel 24.
  • a fan 30 is arranged in the second section, which adjoins the first section.
  • the second section is followed by a third section which contains a third sub-channel 28 and a fourth sub-channel 29.
  • a third flap 31 is arranged in the third sub-channel 28.
  • a fourth flap 32 is arranged in the fourth sub-channel 29.
  • Fig. 6b is the air conveying element 3 according to Fig. 6a shown in the state in which air flows into the ventilation space.
  • the air flows from the connection element 7 through the air conveying element 3 into the air transport duct 4 and from there into the ventilation space, for example as described in the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • This process corresponds to the process of inhaling.
  • the third flap 31 is closed and the fourth flap 32 is open, so that the air can only flow through the fourth sub-channel 29.
  • the air is conveyed into the first section in the second section by means of the fan 30.
  • the first flap 27, which can close the first partial channel 24, is opened and the second flap 27 is closed, which thus closes the second partial channel 25.
  • This mode of operation corresponds to the inhalation process.
  • the air therefore only reaches the ventilation space through the fourth partial channel 29 from the connecting element 7 via the first partial channel 24.
  • An advantage of this arrangement is that the fan 30 can remain stationary and the direction of flow through the fan does not have to be reversed.
  • a further advantage of this arrangement can be seen in the fact that, if necessary, the connection between the connecting element 7 and the ventilation space 2 can be interrupted by either the first flap 26 and the second flap 27 remaining in the closed position or the keeps closed or the third flap 31 and the fourth flap 32 remain closed.
  • This operating state can also be referred to as the no-flow state or as neutral operation.
  • Fig. 7a shows a view of a storage element 11, which can be used for a ventilation system 1 according to one of the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the storage element 11 contains a storage plate element 20, which rests on a supporting structure.
  • the supporting structure can include a plurality of support beams 21, which serve as a support for the storage element 11.
  • the support beams 21 can in turn be supported on cross beams 22, which rest on wall elements 23.
  • an intermediate space 24 is formed in which a wide variety of pipes 25 can be laid, for example for supplying the building with hot water, cold water, electricity or for transporting heat transfer media for heating or cooling the building.
  • One of these pipes can contain water for temperature control of the storage plate element 20, i.e. either hot water for heating the storage plate element 20 or cold water for cooling the storage plate element 20.
  • Fig. 7b shows a section through a storage disk element 20 according to Fig. 7a according to a first variant along the section plane AA.
  • the storage plate element 20 contains a line element 26, which is designed to hold a heat transfer fluid.
  • the line element 26 can be designed to receive hot water or cold water.
  • the line element 26 can in particular be designed such that the heat transfer fluid can be distributed as evenly as possible over the surface of the storage plate element 20.
  • the line element 26 can be designed as a coiled pipe.
  • Fig. 7c shows a section through a storage disk element 20 according to Fig. 7a according to a second variant along the section plane AA.
  • the storage plate element 20 contains a line element 26, which is designed to hold a heat transfer fluid.
  • the line element 26 can be designed to receive hot water or cold water.
  • the line element 26 can in particular be designed such that the heat transfer fluid flows as evenly as possible over the surface of the Storage disk element 20 can be distributed.
  • the line element 26 can be designed as a tube bundle.
  • a storage element 11 can also be designed as a suspended ceiling or be part of a suspended ceiling.
  • a suspended ceiling may be optional to improve room acoustics or may be advantageous for architectural reasons.
  • the suspended ceiling may contain a heating device or a cooling device.
  • a concrete composite element according to EP 3 128 244 B1 be provided.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a system for temperature control of a building, which includes heat exchange in a storage element 11.
  • the system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element 11, a circuit 33 which is designed to convey a heating medium or a coolant and a compensation circuit 34 which contains a compensation agent, the circuit 33 and the compensation circuit 34 being at least partially arranged in the storage element 11 .
  • the heating means comprises a heating fluid which can flow through the storage element 11 in fluid lines.
  • the fluid lines can be designed as heating lines.
  • the coolant comprises a cooling fluid which can flow through the storage element in fluid lines.
  • the fluid lines can be designed as cooling lines.
  • the fluid lines are alternatively flowed through by a heating fluid or a cooling fluid.
  • the compensating means comprises a temperature control fluid which can flow into compensating lines.
  • the compensation circuit 34 is designed as a closed circuit. If the compensation agent is designed as a temperature control fluid, the temperature control fluid can flow in the compensation lines of the compensation circuit.
  • a funding means 38 can be connected to the compensation lines, for example a pump.
  • This exemplary embodiment has the advantage that the temperature control fluid can always circulate through the storage element or elements, so that an average temperature value can be set.
  • the circuit 33 and the compensation circuit 34 extend over a plurality of storage elements 11.
  • an average temperature value is set for all storage elements 11. If several storage elements 11 are connected to one another via the compensation circuit 34, an average temperature value is set for all storage elements 11. If several storage elements 11 are provided in a building, location-related influences that arise from the orientation of the building in different directions can be caused by the Compensation circuit 34 can be balanced. For example, a temperature compensation takes place between the south-side and north-side storage elements 11, which are connected to the compensation circuit 34, so that a homogeneous mass storage core temperature is available.
  • each of the storage elements 11 can be assigned a shut-off means 39, so that each of the storage elements 11 is only supplied with a compensating means when the corresponding shut-off means 39 is opened.
  • the shut-off means 39 can be designed as a valve if the compensating means is designed as a temperature control fluid.
  • the shut-off means 39 is only opened when a need for temperature control is determined for the storage element 11 in question.
  • the circuit 33 can contain at least one shut-off means 36, 37 in order to prevent a supply of at least one of the heating means or coolants to the storage element 11 or to the storage elements 11.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment of a system for temperature control of a building.
  • the system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element 11, a first circuit 41, which is designed to convey a heating medium, a second circuit 42, which is designed to convey a coolant, and a compensation circuit 44, which contains a compensation agent, wherein the first circuit 41 and the second circuit 42 and the compensation circuit 44 are at least partially arranged in the storage element 11.
  • the first circuit 41, the second circuit 42 and the compensation circuit 44 can extend over a plurality of storage elements 11.
  • the system according to Fig. 9 thus contains three circuits, the first circuit 41 being designed to convey a heating medium, the second circuit 42 being designed to convey a coolant and the compensation circuit 44 containing a compensation agent.
  • the heating medium is designed as a heating fluid
  • the heating fluid can flow into heating lines.
  • the coolant is designed as a cooling fluid
  • the cooling fluid can flow into cooling lines.
  • the heating lines are only designed to receive the heating fluid and the cooling lines are only designed to receive the cooling fluid.
  • the compensation agent is designed as a temperature control fluid, the temperature control fluid can flow into compensation lines.
  • the heating lines, cooling lines and compensation lines run at least partially in the storage element 11 or in the storage elements 11.
  • the first circuit 41 is in Fig. 9 shown with a dashed line.
  • the second circuit 42 is in Fig. 9 shown with a dash-dotted line.
  • the compensation circuit 44 is in Fig. 9 represented by a solid line.
  • the compensation circuit 44 is designed as a closed circuit. If the compensating means in the compensating circuit 44 is designed as a compensating fluid, the compensating fluid can circulate through the compensating lines by a conveying means 48, for example a pump.
  • At least one of the heating fluids, cooling fluids or balancing fluids contains water.
  • Fig. 9 can also be used for a plurality of storage elements.
  • a system for three storage elements is shown.
  • the heating lines, cooling lines and compensating lines that run in the storage element can contain coils.
  • At least one of the first and second circuits 41, 42 can contain a shut-off means 46, 47 in order to prevent a supply of at least one of the heating means or coolants to the storage element 11 or to the storage elements 11.
  • the supply of heating fluid to the system can be interrupted by means of a shut-off means 46 when no heating fluid is required.
  • the supply of cooling fluid to the system can be interrupted by means of a shut-off means 47 when no cooling fluid is required.
  • the circulation of compensating fluid in a storage element 11 can be interrupted by means of a shut-off means 49 if no compensating fluid is required for the storage element 11.
  • a method for temperature control of a building includes the following steps: providing a storage element 11, the storage element 11 containing a circuit 33, 41, 42 in which a heating medium or coolant is conveyed and the storage element 11 a compensation circuit 34, 44 containing a compensation agent which circulates in a closed circuit through the storage element 11.
  • the storage element contains a first circuit which is designed to convey a heating medium, a second circuit which is designed to convey a coolant and the compensation circuit which contains the compensation agent.
  • the storage element can contain a thermal floor or be designed as a thermal floor.
  • This exemplary embodiment is particularly suitable for applications for which only a smaller storage mass is required.
  • the thermal floor can contain a plurality of pipe elements for a heat transfer fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
EP23169920.8A 2022-04-25 2023-04-25 Système de ventilation pour un bâtiment Pending EP4269889A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22169789 2022-04-25

Publications (1)

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EP4269889A1 true EP4269889A1 (fr) 2023-11-01

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EP (1) EP4269889A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH719638A2 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69525672T2 (de) 1994-04-20 2002-11-14 Nicholas Ian Barnard Gebäudekonstruktionen und Verfahren zur Temperatursteuerung des Innenraums solcher Gebäude
DE10321646A1 (de) * 2002-06-03 2004-07-15 Rubitherm Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärme- und Kälteversorgung eines Raumes und Gebäude mit einer Mehrzahl mit einer Mehrzahl von Räumen
JP2007332533A (ja) * 2005-06-13 2007-12-27 Kenko House:Kk エコ住宅
EP1959207A1 (fr) * 2007-02-14 2008-08-20 MWH Barcol-Air AG Couverture climatisée et son procédé de fonctionnement
EP1470372B1 (fr) 2002-02-01 2010-04-07 Zent-Frenger Holding GmbH Element de mur et de plafond thermoactif
EP3128244B1 (fr) 2015-08-03 2020-11-18 ERNE AG Holzbau Elément composite activable contenant du béton
KR102241214B1 (ko) 2019-11-01 2021-04-16 김용엽 태양열 축열고 실내난방 시스템

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69525672T2 (de) 1994-04-20 2002-11-14 Nicholas Ian Barnard Gebäudekonstruktionen und Verfahren zur Temperatursteuerung des Innenraums solcher Gebäude
EP1470372B1 (fr) 2002-02-01 2010-04-07 Zent-Frenger Holding GmbH Element de mur et de plafond thermoactif
DE10321646A1 (de) * 2002-06-03 2004-07-15 Rubitherm Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärme- und Kälteversorgung eines Raumes und Gebäude mit einer Mehrzahl mit einer Mehrzahl von Räumen
JP2007332533A (ja) * 2005-06-13 2007-12-27 Kenko House:Kk エコ住宅
EP1959207A1 (fr) * 2007-02-14 2008-08-20 MWH Barcol-Air AG Couverture climatisée et son procédé de fonctionnement
EP3128244B1 (fr) 2015-08-03 2020-11-18 ERNE AG Holzbau Elément composite activable contenant du béton
KR102241214B1 (ko) 2019-11-01 2021-04-16 김용엽 태양열 축열고 실내난방 시스템

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