EP4268299A1 - Nmc-speichermaterialien mit polymer-coating - Google Patents
Nmc-speichermaterialien mit polymer-coatingInfo
- Publication number
- EP4268299A1 EP4268299A1 EP21848154.7A EP21848154A EP4268299A1 EP 4268299 A1 EP4268299 A1 EP 4268299A1 EP 21848154 A EP21848154 A EP 21848154A EP 4268299 A1 EP4268299 A1 EP 4268299A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- nmc
- carbon atoms
- polymer
- onmc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- IXRFQWWRSJGLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])=O Chemical group [Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])=O IXRFQWWRSJGLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 alkali metal cation Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical group FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiocyanate group Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003375 sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- ZQBFAOFFOQMSGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ZQBFAOFFOQMSGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920006030 multiblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101001073193 Homo sapiens Pescadillo homolog Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 102100035816 Pescadillo homolog Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012223 LiPFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013439 LiZr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017246 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O thiamine pyrophosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PLVUIVUKKJTSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQZZHMXSIYMFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)phosphoryloxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOP(=O)(OCCOC(=O)C=C)OCCOC(=O)C=C YQZZHMXSIYMFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1C(C=CS2)=C2CCN1 CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920006310 Asahi-Kasei Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012748 LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011322 LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous dimethyl-acetamide Natural products CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Polymers C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVQGTNFYPJQJNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethanamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N)C1CCCCC1 QVQGTNFYPJQJNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](=O)OCC LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PARRGOBKOQZZMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl carbonate ethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O.CCOC(=O)OCC PARRGOBKOQZZMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUERQRKTYBIULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N fosetyl Chemical group CCOP(O)=O VUERQRKTYBIULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical class [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012688 phosphorus precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to surface-coated NMC memory materials (ONMC), wherein an NMC memory material (NMC) has a surface coating of a polymer containing at least one lithium phosphonate group.
- ONMC surface-coated NMC memory materials
- NMC NMC memory material
- the present invention also relates to methods for producing such ONMC storage materials and their use as cathodes in lithium batteries or electrochemical cells and such cathodes, cells and batteries.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a polymer which has at least one lithium phosphonate group for the surface coating of NMC storage materials for the purposes described herein.
- Layered nickel-containing lithium transition metal oxides, derivatives of LiCoO 2 are particularly suitable materials for the development of improved cathode materials due to their higher capacity, lower cost, better environmental compatibility and improved stability compared to LiCoO 2 .
- Lithium-ion batteries are already the technology of choice for a wide range of applications, such as portable electronic devices (e.g. laptops, mobile phones, camcorders, etc.), electrically powered vehicles (e.g. bicycles, scooters, automobiles, etc.) and stationary energy storage. Against this background, they are becoming increasingly important in economic terms, combined with the ever-increasing numbers of items being produced and sold. In particular, for a number of applications including all-electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEFs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEFs), there is an increasing need to develop improved batteries with higher capacity and energy density. However, in order to enable a further increase in the implementation of lithium-ion batteries, for example in electrically powered vehicles, further improvement in terms of safety and performance is imperative.
- EVs all-electric vehicles
- HEFs hybrid electric vehicles
- PHEFs plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
- One way to increase the energy density is to use alternative active materials that enable improved energy and/or power densities or similar energy and power densities with increased safety.
- NMC nickel-rich LiNi 1-xy Mn x Co y O 2
- NMC 622 storage materials with a coating of poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) in combination with a poly(ether-acrylate)-based electrolyte.
- NMC 811 storage materials with a coating of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyaniline.
- E.-H. Lee et al.; J. Power Sources 2013, 244, 389 describe NMC 111 storage materials with a coating of a poly(tris(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl) phosphate gel polymer electrolyte.
- NMC 811 storage materials with a coating of Li 3 PO 4 (2% by weight) and polypyrrole (3% by weight).
- US2017/0365859A1 describes a cathode active composite material for a lithium battery, the cathode active composite material comprising a lithium compound oxide and a coating layer disposed on at least a portion of the lithium compound oxide and comprising a composition comprising ZrP 2 O 7 and LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , wherein the composition containing ZrP 2 O 7 and LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is a reaction product of an acid-treated zirconium precursor, a phosphorus precursor, and the lithium composite oxide.
- US2020/0168911A1 describes a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, comprising lithium metal oxide particles and an organic polyphosphate or an organic polyphosphonate formed on at least part of a surface of the lithium metal oxide particles.
- the chemical stability of the lithium metal oxide particles can be improved by the organic polyphosphate or the organic polyphosphonate, and surface residues can be reduced.
- the object of the present invention was to provide improved electrode materials which do not have the disadvantages of the known materials.
- the object of the present invention was to provide improved electrode materials which have one or more of the aforementioned advantages.
- Another aspect includes the task of providing a method for producing such improved electrode materials.
- NMC NMC storage material
- M' Mg, AL, V, Ti, B, Zr, Sr, Ca, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, W, Ta and combinations thereof;
- NMC 811 , NMC 111 , NMC 532 or NMC 622 preferably NMC 811 (LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 ) is selected.
- Polyaryl ether sulfone having at least one lithium phosphonate group according to one of the following formulas (A) or (B).
- the surface coating is a continuous surface coating and has a thickness in the range from 0.5 nm to 100 nm, preferably in the range from 1 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably in the range from 2 nm to 25 nm.
- cathode for a lithium battery or an electrochemical cell comprising the surface-coated NMC storage material (ONMC) according to any one of the preceding aspects [1] to [7],
- a battery or electrochemical cell comprising a cathode according to [9].
- M is an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, a transition metal cation, or an ammonium cation having a valence m, where 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 3, where m is an integer;
- a a- is an anion selected from a sulfonate anion, a sulfonimide anion of the formula -SO 2 -N-SO 2 R, an anion derived from a sulfonimide anion bearing at least two negative charges, and a carbanion of the formula -SO 2 -C 'R'R", with 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 3, where a is an integer;
- R represents:
- R' and R” are independently selected from the following monovalent groups:
- R 2 is a fluoro or perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a fluoro or perfluorodialkyl ether group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents a fluorine atom, a thiocyanate group, a nitrile group, a fluorine or perfluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluorine or perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a fluorine or is a perfluorodialkyl ether group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
- R' and R" are divalent groups such that the resulting carbanion moiety -C-R'R" forms an aromatic ring having 5 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms O or N, the aromatic ring optionally being substituted with a or more nitrile groups;
- W is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a group -NR'” where R'” is H or a (C 1 -C 3 )alkyl group;
- n 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 4, where n is an integer
- n' is an integer
- E is an aromatic group of 5 to 20 carbon atoms, comprising 1 or 2 aromatic rings.
- ionomer of the polymer electrolyte is a multiblock copolymer of the following formula (i):
- polymer is a polyarylethersulfone represented by one of the following formulas (A) or (B).
- the coating of the NMC storage materials described here with the polymers described here leads to significantly improved cycle stability, in particular at high discharge/charge rates and higher temperatures.
- the polymer coating results in a stabilization of the interface and substantially reduces the decomposition of the electrolyte while at the same time suppressing harmful structural changes on the surface of the NMC storage material particles.
- NMC storage materials is generally known and refers to the group of lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides known under it, also abbreviated as Li-NMC, LNMC, NMC or NCM.
- the NMCs are closely related to lithium cobalt(III) oxide (LiCoO 2 ) and, like it, have a layered structure. NMCs are among the most important storage materials for lithium ions in lithium ion batteries. They are used on the "positive pole side", which forms the cathode during the discharge process. An accumulator that uses NMC is accordingly called an NMC accumulator.
- cathode denotes the "positive pole” and is used here in accordance with the usual usage of the term in the present technical field for the positive electrode in the discharge process.
- Polymers are macromolecules of a substance that are made up of one or more structurally identical or similar units, the so-called constitutional repeating units or repeating units.
- polymers in the context of the present invention can be made up of at least 2, preferably more, repeating units.
- oligomers polymers with short chain lengths of up to about 8 repeat units.
- the term “polymer” in the context of the present invention encompasses both short-chain and longer-chain polymers, so that oligomers are encompassed by the term “polymer(s)” used according to the invention.
- NMC storage materials include, in particular, NMC particles of a lithium transition metal oxide of the general formula (I)
- M Co, Mn and combinations thereof
- M' Mg, AL, V, Ti, B, Zr, Sr, Ca, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, W, Ta and combinations thereof; 0.8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2;
- NMC particles of a lithium transition metal oxide of the general formula (II) or (III) are preferably selected
- NMCm LiNi 0.333 Mn 0.333 Co 0.333 O 2
- NMC 532 LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2
- NMC 622 LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2
- NMCsn LiNio,sMno,iCoo,iO2
- the NMC material can be selected from NMC 811 , NMC 111 , NMC 532 or NMC 622 .
- NMC 811 LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 ) is particularly preferred.
- the surface coating according to the invention is applied in particular to Ni-rich NMC materials, since Ni-rich NMCs have an increased tendency to mechanical degradation of the surface structure and thus lower cycle stability, which can be significantly improved by the polymer coating according to the invention.
- the oxides Li a Ni x Mn y Co z O 2 with a > 1 are called lithium-rich.
- the surface coating according to the invention is applied to lithium-rich NMC materials, since lithium-rich NMCs also tend to mechanical degradation of the surface structure after a large number of charging cycles, which can be reduced by the polymer coating according to the invention.
- the aforementioned problems with cycle stability include surface changes, such as surface restructuring and mechanical degradation of the surfaces of the electrode materials (NMC particles), undesirable surface reactions, and reduced thermal stability.
- the structural changes and surface degradation are expressed, for example, in the formation of a remodeling of the surface layers with an increase in such remodeled surface layers after several charging cycles and/or in contact with the electrolytes used. The occurrence of cracks due to anisotropic volume expansions and contractions is also observed. Side reactions with humid air lead to the formation of electrochemically inactive UOH and L1 2 CO 3 .
- the surface changes described and the formation of the undesired surface layers can lead to an increased release of oxygen, particularly at elevated temperatures, which has an adverse effect on the safety of the systems and is one of the reasons for the poor thermal stability.
- the surface-coated NMC (storage) materials according to the invention are also referred to as ONMC.
- lithium-containing polymers are particularly suitable as a coating material for solving the aforementioned problems.
- Polymers which have at least one lithium phosphonate group have proven to be particularly suitable surface coating materials for the NMC storage materials.
- a particularly preferred polymer is a polyarylethersulfone having at least one lithium phosphonate group.
- Polyarylethersulfone cause a particularly good (possible) complete “coverage” (coating) of the active material, which has a positive effect on the thermal stability of the surface-coated NMC materials affects.
- Particularly preferred polymers for the surface coating of the NMCs are polyarylethersulfones of the following formula (A) or (B):
- Polyaryl ether sulfones of the formula (A) are also referred to as PP10-Li and polyaryl ether sulfones of the formula (B) are also referred to as PP1510-LJ.
- the surface coating of the ONMC according to the invention is therefore preferably a continuous surface coating. It is further preferred that the surface coating has a thickness in the range from 0.5 nm to 100 nm, preferably in the range from 1 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably in the range from 2 nm to 25 nm.
- first cycle coulombic efficiencies >93.0% at 20°C, >95.0% at 40°C, and/or >93% at 60°C can be achieved.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing the surface-coated NMC memory materials (ONMC) described herein, comprising the steps
- solvents that are compatible with the NMC particles dispersed therein and do not attack them in any way (e.g. chemically) can be used.
- Organic solvents and water are preferred.
- suitable solvents include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), toluene, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and corresponding derivatives these solvents and mixtures thereof.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- DMAc dimethylacetamide
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- water or mixtures of water and the aforementioned solvents can be used for dissolving, and water can also be used as a (co)solvent for dispersing the NMC particles.
- the preparation of the dispersion of the NMC particles in the suitable solvent can be carried out using conventional methods, e.g. by stirring, mixing, dispersing, slurrying, etc.
- the organic solvent can be separated off by suitable conventional methods, including, for example, vaporization, evaporation, decantation, filtration, azeotropic rectification and, if appropriate, subsequent drying, etc.
- the ONMCs of the present invention are particularly useful as cathodes or cathode materials (i.e., positive electrode in the discharge process) for lithium batteries or electrochemical cells.
- a further aspect of the invention thus relates to cathodes/cathode materials for a lithium battery or electrochemical cell, comprising one or more of the surface-coated NMC storage materials (ONMC) described herein.
- ONMC surface-coated NMC storage materials
- a further aspect of the invention relates to batteries or electrochemical cells comprising one or more of the surface-coated NMC storage materials (ONMC) described herein or a cathode/a cathode material comprising the same.
- ONMC surface-coated NMC storage materials
- the present invention thus also includes a battery or electrochemical cell as described above, which also includes a polymer electrolyte according to WO2019/243529A1.
- a polymer electrolyte comprises at least one organic solvent and at least one aromatic ionomer with alternating ionic and nonionic segments, comprising at least nonionic aromatic repeating units UAr1 and at least one ionic repeating unit UI1 according to the formula (IV) with the following meaning:
- M is an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, a transition metal cation, or an ammonium cation having a valence m, where 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 3, where m is an integer;
- a a- is an anion selected from a sulfonate anion, a sulfonimide anion of the formula -SO 2 -N-SO 2 R, an anion derived from a sulfonimide anion bearing at least two negative charges, and a carbanion of the formula -SO 2 -C 'R'R", with 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 3, where a is an integer;
- R represents:
- - a nitrile group - a group -NR 1 chosen from a saturated heterocycle having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and an unsaturated heterocycle having 4 to 6 carbon atoms,
- R' and R" are independently selected from the following monovalent groups:
- R 2 is a fluoro or perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a fluoro or perfluorodialkyl ether group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
- R 3 represents a fluorine atom, a thiocyanate group, a nitrile group, a fluorine or perfluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a fluorine or perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a fluorine or Perfluorodialkyl ether group with 1 to 5
- R' and R" are divalent groups such that the resulting carbanion moiety -C-R'R" forms an aromatic ring having 5 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms O or N, the aromatic ring optionally being substituted with a or more nitrile groups;
- W is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a group -NR'” where R'” is H or a (C 1 -C 3 )alkyl group;
- n 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 4, where n is an integer
- n' is an integer
- Z 1 is selected from a single bond, an oxygen atom, a
- E is an aromatic group of 5 to 20 carbon atoms, comprising 1 or 2 aromatic rings.
- the organic solvent of this polymer electrolyte is a plasticizing solvent with a boiling point greater than 100°C and an electrochemical stability window of at least 2V.
- examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), difluoroethylene carbonate (FZEC), fluoropropylene carbonate , glymes, dinitriles, sulfones (linear and cyclic), sulfides, sulfites, vinylene carbonate (VC), propane sultone, propene sultone, adiponitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), adiponitrile and mixtures thereof are preferred.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a polymer which has at least one lithium phosphonate group, as described herein, for the surface coating of NMC storage materials.
- the polymer therein is preferably a polyarylethersulfone according to one of the following formulas (A) or (B):
- Fig. 3 (a) Cycling of NCM 811 - and ONCM 811 -based cells at different C-rates from 0.1C to 10C and subsequent cycling at 1C for several hundred cycles. (b,c) Cycle stability over several hundred cycles for (b) 3C and (c) 5C of NCM 811 - and ONCM 811 - based cells. Regardless of the applied C rate, ONCM 811 -based cells achieve significantly higher cycling stability and lifetime (defined as the number of cycles up to a capacity of 80% of the original capacity), ie 459 cycles (3C) and 377 cycles (5C) im In contrast to 387 cycles (3C) and 358 cycles (5C) for NCM 811 -based cells.
- the increased cycle stability after the PP10-LI polymer coating is not only given at low, but also at high C rates.
- Fig. 4 Comparison of (a) the cycle stability at a C rate of 3C and a temperature of 40 °C and (b) the rate performance at varying C rates from 0.1 C to 10C and subsequent cycle stability at a C rate of 1C and a temperature of 60 °C of NCM 811 - and ONCM 811 -based electrodes.
- the electrochemical performance at elevated temperatures, ie 40 and 60°C, of the two NCM 811 - and ONCM 811 -based electrodes is shown in Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b, respectively.
- At 40 °C both cells were able to deliver higher capacities than at room temperature, which is due to the improved Li + diffusion at elevated temperatures.
- FIG. 4 Comparison of (a) the cycle stability at a C rate of 3C and a temperature of 40 °C and (b) the rate performance at varying C rates from 0.1 C to 10C and subsequent cycle stability at a C rate of 1C and a temperature of 60 °C of NCM 811 - and
- the NCM 811 -based cell delivered a higher capacity than the ONCM 811 -based cell (eg, 191.8 vs. 179.6 mAh g -1 ).
- the NCM 811 -based cell showed a rapid capacity drop after about 130 cycles, resulting in a 20% capacity drop after only 176 cycles, while the ONCM 811 -based cell showed this Limit only reached after 221 cycles.
- 4b compares the rate performance and cycling stability of the two cells at 60°C.
- the general trend in rate performance at 60°C is similar to that at 20°C, ie the NCM 811 -based cell delivers slightly higher capacity than the ONCM 811 -based cell. Nevertheless, the capacities that can be delivered for both cells at 60 °C are significantly higher. More than 180 mAh g -1 capacity could be achieved even at 10C, which is comparable to the capacities achieved at 1C and 20 °C.
- the subsequent cycle stability at 1 C there is a clear difference between NCM 811 - and ONCMsu-based cells. The latter achieves a lifespan of 180 cycles, while the former barely lasts 15 cycles in sharp contrast.
- the drastic drop in capacity of the NCM 811 -based cells suggests very strong side reactions that occur at 60 °C. With ONCM 811 , however, these side reactions are greatly reduced thanks to the polymer coating, which ultimately leads to greatly improved cycle stability.
- Hexafluorobenzene (HFB, 99%), anhydrous dimethylacetamide (DMAc), W-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, >99%), bromine (Br 2 , 99.99%), anhydrous acetic acid (CH3COOH, 99.8%) , Palladium acetate (Pd(OAc)2, >99.9), triphenylphosphine (TPP, 99%), diethyl phosphite (DEP, 98%), dicyclohexylmethylamine (DCHMA, 97%) purchased from Sigma Aldrich were used as received. 2. Synthesis of PP10-Li polymer
- PES10 polymers were synthesized by modification of a one-pot, two-reaction procedure.
- a 100 mL three-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, condenser, argon inlet/outlet, and Dean-Stark trap was charged with DFDPS (4.000 g, 15.732 mmol), BP (3.052 g, 16.388 mmol) filled.
- DMAc (28 mL) was added to give a solids concentration of 25% (w/v). The mixture was dissolved, then K 2 CO 3 (6.79 g, 0.0492 mol) and 14 mL of toluene were added as an azeotrope.
- the ratio of DMAc to toluene (v/v) was 2:1.
- the reaction bath was heated to 150°C and maintained at that temperature for 4 hours to dehydrate the system. Then the bath temperature was slowly increased to 160°C during the controlled withdrawal of toluene. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction bath was lowered to 120°C and the polymerization was continued at that temperature for 24 hours. Then the reaction temperature was adjusted to 70°C and 2.44 g (13.11 mmol) of HFB was added (the molar ratio of HFB/PES is 20). The reaction was continued at this temperature for 12 hours. When HFB was introduced, the argon purge was stopped at this point due to its low boiling point.
- the bromination of the PES10 polymer was carried out at room temperature using bromine as the brominating agent in the presence of acetic acid. 5.000 g (12.10 mmol biphenyl moiety) of PES10 polymer was placed in a 250 mL three-necked round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, condenser, argon inlet and addition funnel. Then 90 mL of DOM distilled from CaH 2 and 9 mL (10% v/v to DCM) of acetic acid were added. After the polymer was completely dissolved, 9.36 mL (0.182 mol) of bromine (Br 2 ) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture, followed by vigorous stirring. The reaction was carried out at room temperature for 16 hours.
- reaction mixture was precipitated into 1000 mL of methanol, washed three times with methanol to remove excess bromine and stirred for 16 h. After that it became Polymer filtered and rinsed gently with methanol until the bromine was completely removed. The final product was dried under vacuum at 80°C for 24 h.
- BPESIO intermediate (2.00 g, 7.19 mmol Br)
- Pd(OAc)2 80.7 mg, 0.36 mmol
- TPP 0.283 g, 1.08 mmol
- anhydrous DMAc 40 mL was placed in a 100 mL two-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with an argon inlet/outlet and a magnetic bar. The reaction mixture was heated to 95°C with vigorous stirring to dissolve the solid.
- the PP10-Et polymer (1.00 g, 2.98 mmol of the -PO(OC2H5)2 function) was boiled in 36.5% aqueous HCl solution for 4 h and washed several times with distilled water in order to Remove trace of HCl and obtain the PES10 polymer bearing phosphonic acid functions (designated PP10-H). Finally, the acidic polymer was neutralized with 0.5 M LiOH aqueous solution, washed several times with distilled water, filtered and dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 24 h to obtain the target PP10-Li compound (93% yield) .
- PP10-Li polymer 0.1 g was placed in a 50 mL single-necked round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic bar and magnetic stirrer. 10.0 mL of /V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was added and the mixture heated to 120°C. Then 4.0 mL of deionized water (DIW) was added dropwise until the polymer was completely dissolved. Thereafter, water was removed by azeotropic distillation. 10 mL of toluene was added to the flask, to which a Dean-Stark trap containing 25 mL of toluene was attached. The mixture was heated to 160°C and refluxed overnight. Then all the water and toluene in the system were removed in a controlled manner and the PP10-Li polymer solution in NMP was obtained. 2.4.2 Manufacture of ONCM 811
- the ONCMen (or NCM 811 ) electrodes were prepared by dispersing NCMen (92 wt%), C-NERGY Super C65 (TIMCAL, 4 wt%) and poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVdF 6020, Solvay, 4 wt %) in NMP (Aldrich) at a solids to liquid ratio of 1:1 (w/w). The intimately mixed slurries were then applied to Al foils using the doctor blade technique. The wet electrodes were pre-dried at 60°C to remove the NMP. The electrodes were then punched and subjected to a further vacuum drying process (glass oven B-585 Drying, Büchi) at 100° C. for 12 h. The mean active material loading density of both electrodes was ⁇ 2.2 ⁇ 0.2 mg cm' 2 . All processes were carried out in a dry room with a dew point below -60 °C and a room temperature of 20 °C.
- Electrochemical characterization was performed in 2032 button cells.
- the coin cells contain an electrode based on NCM 811 (or ONMC 811 ) as working electrode, metallic lithium (Honjo, battery grade) as counter electrode, 1 M LiPFe dissolved in ethyl carbonate diethyl carbonate (EC-DEC) (1:1 w/w ) with 1% by weight of vinylene carbonate (VC) as the electrolyte (BASF) and a single-layer polyethylene membrane (ASAHI KASEI, Hipore SV718) as the separator. All button cells were mounted in an argon-filled glove box (with O 2 ⁇ 0.1 ppm and H 2 O ⁇ 0.1 ppm).
- PP10-LI polymer according to formula (A)
- 100 mg PP10-LI polymer according to formula (A)
- the temperature is then increased to 120° C. and 4 mL of water are added dropwise.
- the water is removed by means of azeotroprectification, 10 mL toluene is added and then removed again so that only PP10-LI is dissolved in NMP.
- NMC 811 particles 1 g are added to 2 mL of the solution from step (i) with constant, slow stirring and dispersed therein at 80°C.
- NMP organic solvent
- FIG. 1 shows that the diffraction pattern of the ONMC 811 obtained is identical to that of the NMC 811 base material used. A slightly reduced peak intensity of the ONMC 811 results from the applied PP10-LI polymer layer.
- NCM storage material used NMC 811
- Production example 1 is carried out analogously using a polymer PP1510-Li according to the formula (B) for the surface coating of NMC 811 .
- the ONMC 811 obtained according to Preparation Example 1 was analyzed by electron microscopy with regard to morphology and surface structure. A uniform coating (thickness of the coating 7-12 nm) with PP10-Li was found on the NMC 811 material.
- the thermal stability was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry.
- the thermal stability of the delithiated NCM 811 and ONCM 811 electrodes soaked in the electrolyte was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Although the decomposition onset temperature for these two samples is quite similar, the ONCM 811 electrode generates a significantly lower amount of heat (ie, 1139.0 J g -1 ) than the NCM 811 electrode (1321.7 J g -1 ). On the other hand, the PP10-Li oligomer shows no signs of exothermic degradation but shows a glass transition temperature and an endothermic peak at -230°C and -274°C, respectively. The thermal stability of the PP10-Li oligomer coating prevents direct contact of the active material with the electrolyte, resulting in an improved thermal stability of ONCM 811 , which plays an important role in practical application.
- the starting decomposition temperature is more or less the same as for the uncoated NMC 811 base material used.
- Electrode composition NMC 811
- Electrolyte LP30+1 wt% vinylene carbonate (1M LiPFe in ethylene carbonate: DMC 1:1, v/v) Voltage range: 3.0-4.3 V vs. Li + /Li
- the ONMC 811 according to the invention has a lower polarization and a slightly higher apparent Li + diffusion coefficient of 9.7 x 10 -8 and 3.9 x 10' 8 cm 2 s -1 compared to the uncoated NMC 811 used Base material with 8.3 x 10 -8 and 3.4 x 10 -8 cm 2 s -1 .
- cells based on the ONMC 811 according to the invention have a de facto comparable specific capacity (if only the amount of active material is considered) as well as a better discharge rate (load capacity) and a significantly increased cycle stability, especially at elevated temperatures (40 ° C and 60 °C).
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020134700.6A DE102020134700A1 (de) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Nmc-speichermaterialien mit polymer-coating |
| PCT/EP2021/087082 WO2022136425A1 (de) | 2020-12-22 | 2021-12-21 | Nmc-speichermaterialien mit polymer-coating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4268299A1 true EP4268299A1 (de) | 2023-11-01 |
Family
ID=80035111
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21848154.7A Pending EP4268299A1 (de) | 2020-12-22 | 2021-12-21 | Nmc-speichermaterialien mit polymer-coating |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4268299A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020134700A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022136425A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6921609B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2005-07-26 | Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Gradient cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries |
| JP2014130753A (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-10 | Nitto Denko Corp | 非水電解液二次電池、およびそれに用いる正極 |
| KR102572648B1 (ko) | 2016-06-17 | 2023-08-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 리튬전지용 복합양극활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬전지용 양극 및 리튬전지 |
| GB201800742D0 (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2018-02-28 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Manganese phosphate coated lithium nickel oxide materials |
| EP3584863A1 (de) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-25 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Polymerelektrolyt mit mindestens einem organischen lösungsmittel und mindestens ein aromatisches ionomer und verwendungen davon |
| KR102725125B1 (ko) | 2018-11-26 | 2024-10-31 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조방법 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-22 DE DE102020134700.6A patent/DE102020134700A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-12-21 EP EP21848154.7A patent/EP4268299A1/de active Pending
- 2021-12-21 WO PCT/EP2021/087082 patent/WO2022136425A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020134700A1 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
| WO2022136425A1 (de) | 2022-06-30 |
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Owner name: UNIVERSITE SAVOIE MONT BLANC Owner name: INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE GRENOBLE Owner name: UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE Owner name: KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE |