EP4260016A1 - Dispositif de mesure d'un paramètre d'écoulement d'un fluide - Google Patents
Dispositif de mesure d'un paramètre d'écoulement d'un fluideInfo
- Publication number
- EP4260016A1 EP4260016A1 EP21836103.8A EP21836103A EP4260016A1 EP 4260016 A1 EP4260016 A1 EP 4260016A1 EP 21836103 A EP21836103 A EP 21836103A EP 4260016 A1 EP4260016 A1 EP 4260016A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- obstacle
- flow
- pipe
- vibration sensor
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
- G01F1/3209—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters using Karman vortices
- G01F1/3218—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters using Karman vortices bluff body design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
- G01F1/325—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl
- G01F1/3259—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl for detecting fluid pressure oscillations
- G01F1/3266—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl for detecting fluid pressure oscillations by sensing mechanical vibrations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of measuring the speed and/or flow rate of a flowing fluid.
- vortex effect flowmeters mass flowmeters (also called Coriolis effect), Doppler effect flowmeters, electromagnetic or ultrasonic flowmeters.
- each type of flow meter is generally limited to a range of pipe diameters, temperature and type of fluid.
- the doppler effect flowmeter is recommended for large pipe diameters, in particular up to approximately 5 m, whereas the vortex effect flowmeter is recommended for pipe diameters not exceeding 0.5 m.
- Disturbances inherent in the operation of the industrial installation can also considerably reduce the accuracy of the flow measurements: for example, the vibrations of the industrial installation in the case of a vortex effect flow meter or even the magnetic field radiated by the industrial installation and its environment in the case of an electromagnetic flowmeter.
- insertion flowmeters intended to be immersed in a pipe and which therefore do not require mounting with flanges, such as thermal effect flowmeters, in particular hot wire or hot film systems, or those based on pressure measurements, in particular the Pitot tubes which make it possible to determine the speed of a flowing fluid thanks to the measurement of a pressure difference.
- the hot wire or hot film system is an instrument placed in the flowing fluid to determine the flow rate of a flowing fluid from its velocity. Nevertheless, its implementation is complex and costly, in particular because the heating wire or film is very fragile and ages rapidly, which requires regular maintenance.
- thermal effect insertion flowmeters and those based on pressure measurements does not allow their use in flows of fluid laden with water vapour, solvent vapours, fumes and/or particles. solid.
- the principle of a vortex flow sensor is to create an obstacle to the flow of the fluid, so that "big" vortices are formed downstream of the obstacle.
- the laws of fluid mechanics impose that the frequency of detachment of the vortices is then proportional to the average speed of the flow.
- the frequency of vortex detachment can be determined by counting, by detecting the pressure variations induced by each vortex detachment in the vicinity of the part forming an obstacle.
- the part forming an obstacle occupies a large part of the section of the pipe so as to disturb the flow sufficiently to generate the desired vortices therein, and generally extends over the entire internal diameter of the pipe.
- the counting of the detachment of vortices is carried out using a sensor fixed to the part forming an obstacle.
- the part forming an obstacle is fixed rigidly to the pipe.
- the installation of the flow meter generally requires special provisions at the level of the pipe, for example the presence of a fixing flat for a flange (US 5,321,990 or US 4,526,040) or a housing for holding the part forming an obstacle at its free end (US 5,563,350 or US 2005/0217389).
- a second vibration sensor is generally present to allow by signal processing the elimination of the ambient vibrations and thus improve the signal / noise ratio of the useful signal the counting of vortex detachments (see US 4 526040 for example which describes signal processing based on the use of a low-pass filter to eliminate high frequencies before attacking a Schmitt trigger transforming the resulting signal into pulses rectangles allowing to count the detachments of vortices).
- An alternative solution, described in US Pat. No. 5,563,350 consists in providing special damping means to isolate the vibration sensor of the part forming an obstacle from external vibrations, the part forming an obstacle remaining however rigidly linked to the pipe.
- Vortex effect sensors generally work well for a flow having a relatively high Reynolds number, typically greater than 10,000; for a flow having a lower Reynolds number, a convergent is used, which requires cutting the pipe to integrate the sensor, and performing careful assembly to prevent, for example, a bad weld from disturbing the flow. The presence of this convergent leads to an additional pressure drop.
- the invention therefore aims to provide a robust measuring device, at low cost, which can be easily mounted on a pipe in which a fluid circulates and which makes it possible to solve all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks of the flowmeters of the prior art.
- the invention thus relates to a device for measuring at least one flow parameter of a fluid in a pipe, in particular its flow rate, comprising:
- a processing unit configured to calculate the fluid flow parameter from at least one vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor.
- the measuring device according to the invention can make it possible to measure the speed and/or the flow rate of the fluid in real time and in a robust manner.
- the cost of the measuring device according to the invention is significantly reduced compared to the devices of the prior art, in particular vortex effect flowmeters.
- the measuring device according to the invention can be mounted simply and quickly on an existing pipe, in particular that of a fluidic installation, without having recourse to a mounting with flanges, unlike the devices of the prior art, in particular effect flowmeters. vortex or Coriolis.
- the measuring device according to the invention is furthermore of reduced size compared to the devices of the prior art, which further facilitates its implementation on an existing pipe.
- the operation of the measuring device according to the invention is based on the following principle.
- the part forming an obstacle When the part forming an obstacle is brought into contact with the flow, the part forming an obstacle generates turbulence in the flow, and vortices are formed in particular around the part forming an obstacle.
- the periodic detachment of these vortices induces vibrations on the part forming an obstacle, and in particular a characteristic vibratory frequency, which are measured by the vibration sensor which delivers a corresponding vibratory signal to the processing unit.
- the processing unit then calculates from at least the vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor the flow parameter of the fluid, in particular its speed and/or its flow rate.
- the vibrations induced on the part forming an obstacle by the turbulence and in particular the characteristic vibratory frequency induced on the part forming an obstacle by the detachment of the vortices and the turbulence of the flow around the part forming an obstacle, will make it possible to go up indirectly like the flow velocity of the fluid.
- the part forming an obstacle Compared to a vortex effect sensor of the prior art, it is possible in the invention for the part forming an obstacle to occupy only a small part of the passage section offered to the fluid in the pipe; indeed, it is not necessary in the invention to generate vortices whose detachment is accompanied by strong local variations of pressure, therefore to use to generate these vortices a part forming an obstacle occupying a large part of the section of passage, nor to count the number of detachments of these vortices.
- the sensor according to the invention makes it possible to measure low flow rates, with a Reynolds number of less than 4000.
- the vibration sensor can be an accelerometer, in particular piezoelectric, in particular with 1 or 3 axes.
- the use of a piezoelectric sensor can be advantageous due to its large measurement range and/or its sensitivity to a wide frequency band.
- the measuring range of the vibration sensor can be between 0 and 100 g.
- the bandwidth of the vibration sensor can be between 5 and 20,000 Hz.
- the vibration sensor can be arranged inside the part forming an obstacle. This can allow the vibration sensor to be sealed off from the fluid.
- the part forming an obstacle may comprise a body defining an internal housing receiving the vibration sensor, the internal housing being preferably isolated in leaktight manner from the fluid.
- the vibration sensor can be fixed against a wall of said body.
- the mass of the vibration sensor is chosen in such a way that the vibration sensor does not disturb, or as little as possible, the vibrations induced by the turbulence of the flow on the part forming an obstacle.
- the mass of the vibration sensor is preferably less than or equal to 30 grams, better still less than or equal to 20 grams, even better less than or equal to 10 grams.
- the device may comprise a support, preferably having a tubular shape, connected at one of its ends to the part forming an obstacle, in particular in one piece with it.
- the inside of the support can be in communication with the internal housing of the part forming an obstacle.
- the inside of the support and the internal housing of the part forming an obstacle are sealed from the fluid.
- the interior of the support can receive at least one cable connected to the vibration sensor.
- the cable can thus be sealed off from the fluid.
- the cable can make it possible to electrically supply the vibration sensor and/or transmit the vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor to the processing unit.
- the vibration sensor and in particular the cable making it possible to supply it electrically, are not in contact with the fluid.
- the part forming an obstacle intended to be brought into contact with the flow does not cause the fluid to heat up.
- the measuring device according to the invention thus has the advantage of being able to be used in an ATEX zone.
- the device may comprise a fixing element, in particular a cable gland, making it possible to fix the support to the pipe.
- the fastening element may include an element providing a sealing and/or damping function, in particular an anti-vibration sole. This can make it possible to reduce, or even cancel, the sensitivity of the vibration sensor to the vibrations of the pipe, which are in particular induced by the flow, and in general, by the overall operation of the fluidic installation, so as to that the vibration sensor is sensitive only to the vibrations induced on the part forming an obstacle by the turbulence of the flow.
- the device may comprise at least one external vibration sensor sensitive to the vibrations of the pipe, which are in particular induced by the flow, and in general, by the overall operation of the fluid installation.
- the external vibration sensor may be intended to be positioned on an external face of the pipe or any other place making it possible to measure the vibrations of the pipe.
- the external vibration sensor can be an accelerometer, in particular piezoelectric, in particular with 1 or 3 axes. It may have the same characteristics as the vibration sensor or different characteristics. In the latter case, this may allow the vibration sensor and the external vibration sensor to each detect a different vibrational frequency.
- the processing unit can be configured to calculate the fluid flow parameter from at least the vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor and an external vibration signal delivered by the external vibration sensor. That can make it possible to improve the precision of the calculation of the flow parameter of the fluid by making it possible to decouple the vibratory signal delivered by the vibration sensor into a component corresponding to the vibrations induced on the part forming an obstacle by the turbulence of the flow and a component corresponding to driving vibrations.
- the external vibration sensor can be connected to at least one cable making it possible to power the external vibration sensor electrically and/or to transmit the external vibration signal delivered by the external vibration sensor to the processing unit.
- This cable may or may not be housed at least partly inside the support.
- the flow parameter of the fluid can be its speed or its flow rate, in particular by volume.
- the determination of the flow velocity of the fluid can make it possible to go back to its flow rate.
- the shape of the part forming an obstacle is chosen to generate turbulence in the flow, in particular around the part forming an obstacle.
- the vibrations induced on the part forming an obstacle by the turbulence of the flow depend on the shape of the part forming an obstacle.
- the shape of the part forming an obstacle can be chosen according to the flow rate range to be measured and/or according to the nature of the fluid.
- the part forming an obstacle may have the general shape of a sphere, a half-sphere, a disc, a cylinder, a half-cylinder (cut lengthwise) or a beam, in particular with a square, rectangular or circular cross-section, or any shape adapted to generate turbulence in the flow, in particular around the part forming an obstacle.
- the part forming an obstacle has the shape of a hemisphere
- its base is preferably oriented parallel to the direction of the flow of the fluid in the pipe.
- the part forming an obstacle has the shape of a beam
- its longitudinal axis is preferably oriented perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the fluid in the pipe.
- its main faces are preferably oriented perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the fluid in the pipe.
- the part forming an obstacle has the shape of a cylinder
- its bases are preferably oriented perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the fluid in the pipe.
- a larger dimension of the part forming an obstacle may be between 1 and 30 cm, better between 1 and 20 cm, even better between 1 and 10 cm.
- the reduced size of the part forming an obstacle can facilitate the implementation of the device on a pipe.
- the part forming an obstacle may have a surface in contact with the flow, the area of which is between 1 and 500 cm 2 , better still between 1 and 250 cm 2 , even better still between 1 and 100 cm 2 .
- the portion forming an obstacle may extend over a distance which represents less than half of the inside diameter of the pipe.
- the part forming an obstacle impedes the flow less compared to known vortex effect sensors, and the risk of clogging is reduced.
- the vibrations induced on the obstacle-forming part by the turbulences of the flow around the obstacle-forming part also depend on the material of the obstacle-forming part.
- the material of the part forming an obstacle can be chosen according to the flow rate range to be measured and/or according to the nature of the fluid.
- the part forming an obstacle can be made of a metallic material, in particular stainless steel, plastic, composite or any other suitable material.
- a metallic material such as stainless steel for example can be chosen in the case where the fluid is corrosive for example.
- the part forming an obstacle may have been manufactured in particular by an additive manufacturing technique.
- the device may comprise a temperature sensor, in particular placed inside the part forming an obstacle.
- the temperature sensor can deliver a signal temperature at the processing unit. Since most vibration sensors are influenced by temperature, such a temperature sensor can be used to monitor the temperature, and possibly signal when the temperature deviates from that used for calibration of the vibration sensor. Such a temperature sensor can also make it possible to measure, in particular in real time, the temperature of the flowing fluid.
- the device may comprise a wireless transmission means transmitting to the processing unit at least the vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor, and where appropriate, the external vibration signal delivered by the external vibration sensor and/or the signal temperature delivered by the temperature sensor.
- the transmission medium can be configured to use a “Bluetooth”, “Wifi” or LPWAN network, such as “Sigfox”, “LoRa”, “Neul”, “Nwave”, LTE-M or NB-loT.
- the processing unit is arranged outside the pipe.
- the processing unit may comprise a control circuit, in particular a microcontroller or any other circuit suitable for carrying out the desired functions.
- the control circuit can exchange data with a memory that contains an operating system.
- Memory can be SD, USB and/or SSD.
- the memory can be removable such as a memory card for example.
- the processing unit can integrate into its memory the position of the part forming an obstacle and/or of the vibration sensor along the pipe.
- the processing unit can integrate the calibration curve of the vibration sensor into its memory.
- the processing unit may include a connector such as a micro-USB, serial or other port which makes it possible to program it, to parameterize it or to retrieve stored data.
- a connector such as a micro-USB, serial or other port which makes it possible to program it, to parameterize it or to retrieve stored data.
- the processing unit can be configured to calculate the flow parameter of the fluid by carrying out a frequency analysis of the vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor.
- a frequency analysis can exploit all the information carried by a relatively wide range of frequencies, unlike the processing generally carried out in known vortex effect sensors, which aims to count the number of vortex detachments, and for which all this information is not useful.
- the processing unit can thus be configured to calculate, during the frequency analysis, a frequency spectrum over a frequency range at least 500 Hz wide.
- the vibration spectrum used in the frequency analysis is advantageously obtained by FFT, the signal sampling frequency preferably being greater than or equal to 2 kHz.
- Sampling can be carried out by storing the sampled values in sliding time windows, so as to be able, on each new frequency spectrum calculation, to reuse part of the values already sampled and already used to calculate at least one previously calculated frequency spectrum.
- the acquisition duration is long compared to the period of the turbulence phenomena, which makes it possible to smooth and improve the precision, this acquisition duration thus possibly being greater than or equal to ls. It is possible, for example, to use at least three sliding windows, by renewing after each frequency spectrum calculation the values by sampling for the most recent window only, and by shifting the values of each window towards the consecutive past window.
- the processing unit can be configured to calculate a quantity representative of the flow rate of the fluid, by integration over the selected frequency range of a quantity representative of the amplitude of the vibrations.
- This integration is done for example over a frequency range ranging from a frequency F_min between 50 and 150 Hz, for example of the order of 100 Hz (+/- 20%), to a frequency F_max for example greater than or equal to 500 Hz, for example of the order of 1000 Hz (+/- 20%), such a range covering the vibrations generated by the turbulence within the fluid in general (detachment of the vortices generated by the obstacle, secondary vortices, vibrations close to the wall linked to the boundary layer and to the recirculation zones, etc. and not only those induced by possible detachments of vortices.
- this value calculated by integration it is possible from this value calculated by integration to deliver a value of flow rate or flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe relatively close to the real value.
- the acquisition and processing of the acquired signal can easily be carried out in a microcontroller, for example an STM 32 type microcontroller.
- the measuring device can be used to determine the fluid flow in the pipe in a fluid flow rate range of up to 1000 m 3 /s and/or a fluid temperature range of -20°C to 150° vs.
- a further subject of the invention is an installation for measuring at least one flow parameter of a fluid, in particular its flow rate, comprising:
- the pipe may be a pipe of a fluid installation, in particular industrial, such as an aeraulic or hydraulic installation for example.
- the pipe is a ventilation pipe, in particular a suction or blowing pipe or any pipe allowing the flow of a fluid.
- the installation can comprise a plurality of measurement devices in a restricted portion of the pipe or distributed along the pipe. In the case where the measuring devices are distributed along the pipe, this can make it possible to produce a map of the entire pipe.
- the measuring devices may or may not be evenly distributed along the pipe.
- Each device can be the same or different.
- the measuring devices differ by the shape of the part forming an obstacle and/or the characteristics of the vibration sensor, in particular its measuring range. This can allow each measuring device to be adapted to measure a different flow rate range, which is particularly advantageous in the case where the flow of the fluid in the pipe undergoes large variations in flow rate over time, for example.
- the plurality of measuring devices can share the same processing unit.
- the processing unit can integrate into its memory the position of the part forming an obstacle and/or of the vibration sensor of each measuring device along the pipe.
- the processing unit can be configured to trigger, in particular autonomously and/or in real time, at least one corrective action on the fluid installation in the event that the fluid flow parameter calculated by the processing unit and/or the temperature measured by the temperature sensor deviates from a predetermined range of values.
- the corrective action is an increase or decrease in flow rate.
- the processing unit can thus make it possible to optimize the performance of the fluidic installation, for example in terms of suction in the case of an aeraulic installation for example, heat exchanges, reduction of noise pollution.
- the vibration sensor is a 1 or 3 axis piezoelectric accelerometer
- its positioning is preferably located in space. This can make it possible to locate the direction of the axis or axes of the piezoelectric accelerometer. Indeed, the modulus of the acceleration vector is independent of the positioning of the 3 axes of the piezoelectric accelerometer which form the projection base.
- a further subject of the invention is a method for measuring at least one flow parameter of a fluid in a pipe, in particular its flow rate, using a device measurement as defined above, comprising the steps consisting in: a) detecting, using the vibration sensor, the vibrations induced on the part forming an obstacle by the turbulence, b) calculating, using the processing unit, the fluid flow parameter from at least the vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor.
- the method may also include a prior step of calibrating the vibration sensor.
- the fluid can be of any type, including corrosive, toxic and/or abrasive.
- the fluid can be a liquid or a gas, in particular loaded with solid particles.
- the fluid is a gas, in particular air, loaded with water vapor, solvent vapours, smoke and/or solid particles such as dust, sawdust or wood shavings.
- the fluid is a liquid, in particular a suspension or an emulsion.
- the method may further comprise a step consisting in cleaning, in particular periodically, the external surface of the part forming an obstacle. Such cleaning may be necessary in particular in the case where the fluid is a humid gas loaded with solid particles.
- the method may further comprise a step of detecting the vibrations induced on the fluid flow pipe using at least one external vibration sensor sensitive to the vibrations of the pipe, and of calculating, using of the processing unit, the fluid flow parameter from at least the vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor and an external vibration signal delivered by the external vibration sensor.
- the external vibration sensor can be positioned on an external face of the pipe.
- the method may further comprise a step of activating an alarm and/or a step of stopping the flow of the fluid in the pipe when the flow parameter of the fluid calculated by the processing unit and/or the external vibration signal delivered by the external vibration sensor reaches a certain predefined threshold.
- the method according to the invention applied to the measurement of the flow rate, in particular by volume, or of the flow velocity of the fluid, can comprise the following steps: a. calculation of a frequency spectrum of the vibration signal delivered by the vibration sensor detecting the vibrations induced on the part forming an obstacle, b. calculation of a quantity representative of the speed of the flow (also called scalar indicator) by integration of the amplitude of the signal vibratory or of a function representative thereof, the integration preferably taking place on the frequency spectrum from a low frequency F_min to a high frequency F_max, c.
- the F_min and F_max frequencies can be adjusted according to the type of fluid and thus allow the sensor to operate correctly with a charged fluid.
- the frequencies F_min and F_max can also be adjusted according to the vibratory characteristics of the system and also with respect to the vibratory environment of the system.
- the integration operation makes the sensor robust with respect to measurement and gives it good repeatability.
- the calculation of the spectrum in step a) can be performed with a Fourier transform, preferably of the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) type.
- a Fourier transform preferably of the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) type.
- the spectrum is preferably determined for the range of frequencies [0Hz; Fs] where Fs is the signal sampling frequency.
- the sampling frequency is for example 2 kHz.
- the spectrum can also be determined for a smaller range of frequencies, when F_max is less than Fs.
- the scalar indicator determined in step b) by integrating the spectrum over the range [F_min; F_max] can be given by the relation
- X(f) being the value of an element of the spectrum for a frequency, f, included in the range [F_min; F_max],
- X(f) is for example equal to the square of the amplitude of the vibration signal at frequency f.
- the evolution curve of the scalar indicator for different flow velocities can be linearized using the logarithm function. This function can give a better visibility of the measurement for low speeds as well as less significant deformation of the P*max curve as a function of the fluid flow speed.
- a further subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a measuring device as defined above, in which the part forming an obstacle is manufactured by an additive manufacturing technique or any another suitable technique.
- the method comprises, after the step of manufacturing the part forming an obstacle, a step of fixing the vibration sensor inside the part forming an obstacle.
- Figure 1 is a schematic section of an example of a measuring device according to the invention in the transverse plane of a pipe on which the device is mounted,
- FIG 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative embodiment
- FIG 3 shows another example of a measuring device according to the invention
- FIG 4 shows another example of a measuring device according to the invention
- Figure 5 shows another example of a measuring device according to the invention
- Figure 6 shows another example of a measuring device according to the invention
- FIG 7 shows an example of a transfer function obtained after calibration, also called “calibration curve", allowing from the knowledge of a scalar indicator obtained by integration in the vibration spectrum, to determine the speed of fluid flow.
- Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating steps of an example throughput calculation.
- FIG. 1 An example of a measuring device 1 according to the invention, mounted on a pipe 11 for the flow of a fluid 12.
- the device 1 comprises a part 2 forming an obstacle, a vibration sensor 3, a support 7 and a processing unit 5.
- Part 2 forming an obstacle is inserted within conduit 11 for the flow of fluid 12.
- Part 2 forming an obstacle has a shape chosen to generate turbulence in the flow, in particular around part 2 forming an obstacle.
- the part 2 forming an obstacle is arranged inside the pipe 11. It can be positioned in the center of the pipe 11, as illustrated in FIG. 1. Alternatively, it is positioned between the wall and the center of the pipe 11 .
- the vibration sensor 3 preferably a 1 or 3 axis accelerometer, is configured to detect the vibrations induced on the part 2 forming an obstacle by the turbulence and to generate a corresponding vibration signal 4.
- the vibration sensor 3 is arranged inside the part 2 forming an obstacle, within an internal housing 6 defined by the body of the part 2 forming an obstacle.
- the vibration sensor 3 is encapsulated in the part 2 forming an obstacle, which makes it possible to isolate it in a sealed manner from the fluid 12 in flow.
- the vibration sensor 3 is fixed against a wall of the body of the part 2 forming an obstacle.
- Part 2 forming an obstacle is connected at one of its ends to a tubular support 7, preferably in one piece.
- the interior of support 7 is in communication with internal housing 6 of part 2 forming an obstacle.
- the vibration sensor 3 is connected to a cable 4 which passes through the inside of the support 7.
- This cable 4 makes it possible to electrically supply the vibration sensor 3 and/or to transmit the vibration signal 4 delivered by the vibration sensor 3 to processing unit 5.
- the support 7 is fixed to the pipe 11 by means of a fixing element 8, in particular a cable gland.
- the fixing element 8 can comprise an element providing a sealing and/or damping function, such as an anti-vibration sole for example.
- the processing unit 5 receives the vibration signal 4 delivered by the vibration sensor 3 and it is configured to calculate a flow parameter of the fluid, in particular its speed or its flow rate, from at least the vibration signal 4 delivered by the vibration sensor 3.
- the pipe 11 can be a pipe of a fluidic installation, for example a Vogellic, in particular a suction pipe, and the fluid 12 flowing in the pipe 11 can be air, humid or not, for example loaded with sawdust. Of wood.
- the flow velocity of the fluid 12 within the pipe 11 can be between 15 and 35 m/sec for example.
- the processing unit 5 is for example a microcontroller, the sensor 3 being connected to an input of the latter, so that the microcontroller can sample the vibration amplitude as a function of time over a predefined period of time, by example of ls or more.
- the values successively loaded into the three tables can be shifted in time in step 120, so as to constitute sliding sampling time windows, the values stored in the table NP2 being stored in the table NP3 and replacing the oldest values contained in the latter, the values contained in the table NPI being stored in the table NP2 thus released, and the newly sampled values, the most recent, being loaded into the table NPI.
- the frequency spectrum is calculated in step 130 from the set of 3.NP values stored in the three tables NPI, NP2, NP3, which follow one another with a delay linked to the sampling frequency.
- a scalar indicator P*max is calculated equal to the integration of the square of the amplitude of the vibration signal in the frequency spectrum, between the frequencies 100 and 1000 Hz for example.
- This value P*max is representative of the speed of the flow, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- the logarithm of it can be taken at step 150 (optional).
- flow measurements can be made with any type of flow meter whose measurement accuracy is known, which makes it possible to define the parameters of the transfer function giving from the calculation of P* ma x or of its logarithm the value of the speed of the flow or the volumetric flow, knowing the passage section.
- Such a method which only uses the signal delivered by the vibration sensor 3 gives satisfactory accuracy for many applications, and has the advantage of great simplicity of implementation, since the part forming an obstacle 2 is reduced in size and can easily be introduced into the pipe, and that it is not necessary to use a second sensor to improve the useful signal-to-noise ratio.
- the measuring device 1 may comprise an external vibration sensor 9, preferably a 1 or 3-axis accelerometer, configured to detect the vibrations of the pipe 11, in particular induced by the flow of fluid 12, and generate a corresponding external vibration signal 10.
- the external vibration sensor 9 is arranged on an external surface of the pipe 11.
- the sensor 9 is connected to a cable 10 enabling it to be supplied electrically and/or to transmit the external vibration signal 10 delivered by the external vibration sensor 9 to the processing unit 5.
- the processing unit 5 also receives the external vibration signal 10 delivered by the external vibration sensor 9 and it is configured to calculate the flow parameter of the fluid, in particular its speed or its flow rate , from at least the vibration signal 4 delivered by the vibration sensor 3 and the external vibration signal 10 delivered by the external vibration sensor 9.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 There is shown schematically in Figures 3 to 6 examples of measuring devices 1 according to the invention, mounted on the pipe 11, observed along a transverse plane of the pipe 11 ( Figures 3a), 4a), 5a) and 6a)) and along a longitudinal plane of the pipe 11 (FIGS. 3b), 4b), 5b) and 6b)).
- the examples of devices 1 represented in FIGS. 3 to 6 differ in the shape of the part 2 forming an obstacle.
- the latter may have the shape of a beam, the longitudinal axis of which is oriented perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the fluid 12 (FIG. 3), or a shape of a cylinder, the bases of which are oriented perpendicular to the direction of the flow. fluid flow ( Figure 4).
- Part 2 forming an obstacle may also have the shape of a hemisphere, the base of which is oriented parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid 12 (FIG. 5) or a shape of a sphere (FIG. 6).
- the dimensions A, B, C, D, E and F of FIGS. 3 to 6 are for example between 1 and 30 cm.
- the measuring device is not limited to the determination of a flow parameter of a fluid in a pipe such as its speed or its flow rate.
- Other parameters can be determined on the basis of the vibration signal 4 delivered by the vibration sensor 3 and possibly on the basis of the external vibration signal 10 delivered by the external vibration sensor 9.
- the processing unit 5 can thus make it possible to know in real time the operating status of the fluidic installation, and can in particular to make it possible to carry out a diagnosis, or even conditional and/or predictive maintenance of the installation.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2013097A FR3117589B1 (fr) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Dispositif de mesure d’au moins un paramètre d'écoulement d'un fluide |
| PCT/EP2021/085076 WO2022122971A1 (fr) | 2020-12-11 | 2021-12-09 | Dispositif de mesure d'un paramètre d'écoulement d'un fluide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4260016A1 true EP4260016A1 (fr) | 2023-10-18 |
Family
ID=74669048
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21836103.8A Pending EP4260016A1 (fr) | 2020-12-11 | 2021-12-09 | Dispositif de mesure d'un paramètre d'écoulement d'un fluide |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240035864A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4260016A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3117589B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022122971A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5918422A (ja) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-01-30 | Oval Eng Co Ltd | 渦流量計用振動補償装置 |
| ES2078015T3 (es) * | 1992-02-27 | 1995-12-01 | Flowtec Ag | Aparato de medida para las corrientes turbulentas. |
| JP3123307B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-22 | 2001-01-09 | 富士電機株式会社 | カルマン渦流量計 |
| US7010459B2 (en) * | 1999-06-25 | 2006-03-07 | Rosemount Inc. | Process device diagnostics using process variable sensor signal |
| US7073394B2 (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2006-07-11 | Rosemount Inc. | Scalable averaging insertion vortex flow meter |
| US7398165B1 (en) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-07-08 | Jiun-Jih Miau | Intelligent signal processor for vortex flowmeter |
-
2020
- 2020-12-11 FR FR2013097A patent/FR3117589B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-12-09 EP EP21836103.8A patent/EP4260016A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-12-09 WO PCT/EP2021/085076 patent/WO2022122971A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-09 US US18/266,378 patent/US20240035864A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3117589B1 (fr) | 2023-07-28 |
| US20240035864A1 (en) | 2024-02-01 |
| FR3117589A1 (fr) | 2022-06-17 |
| WO2022122971A1 (fr) | 2022-06-16 |
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