EP4253615A1 - Device for forming perforated carded-fiber webs - Google Patents

Device for forming perforated carded-fiber webs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4253615A1
EP4253615A1 EP23164166.3A EP23164166A EP4253615A1 EP 4253615 A1 EP4253615 A1 EP 4253615A1 EP 23164166 A EP23164166 A EP 23164166A EP 4253615 A1 EP4253615 A1 EP 4253615A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
comber
drum
teeth
doffer
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23164166.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Thierry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orion Financement SA
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Orion Financement SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Orion Financement SA filed Critical Orion Financement SA
Publication of EP4253615A1 publication Critical patent/EP4253615A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02—Carding machines
    • D01G15/12—Details
    • D01G15/46—Doffing or like arrangements for removing fibres from carding elements; Web-dividing apparatus; Condensers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G25/00—Lap-forming devices not integral with machines specified above
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of thermo-acoustic insulation of buildings, and more precisely the production of layers of non-woven material for the production of reflective or reflective thermal insulators.
  • Reflective insulators typically include two categories of products: the first category is that of “bubble” based insulators, manufactured using plasticsurgical processes, and “multilayer” type insulators which alternate metallized films and separators composed either of based on cellular plastic foam or based on textile fibers (natural or synthetic) forming a mat of fibers.
  • the present invention applies in particular to multilayer type insulation based on textile fibers.
  • This operating principle is to seek to block the propagation of heat by using both materials that conduct little heat to create a structure capable of trapping cells of immobile air within it, and by using both metallized or metallic films to cut off the propagation of heat by radiation and to protect the still air cells, formed by the separators, from parasitic external air infiltrations.
  • Optimizing the thermal performance of these insulators largely involves optimizing the performance of the separators.
  • the present invention thus aims to optimize separators based on synthetic or natural textile fibers.
  • the manufacturing of the nonwoven is carried out independently of the assembly of the nonwoven in the final complex: the manufacturing process therefore contains a recovery operation; this recovery operation therefore requires that the nonwoven be easily handled, that is to say, rollable, transportable and unrollable again,
  • the nonwoven For the nonwoven to be easily handled, its manufacture must be heat-bonded, which makes it possible to bond the fibers together and give them sufficient mechanical resistance to stretching to withstand subsequent handling operations. In addition, bonding the fibers requires the use of an oven, which has significant consequences on energy consumption and environmental impact.
  • the most common synthetic or natural textile fibers in reflective insulators are generally fibers which are very absorbent in the Infra-red domain, and this absorption will considerably reduce the thermal performance of the separator by increasing the thermal conductivity. Consequently, insulation is limited to thin fiber mats, having fairly low or moderate weights, ranging from 40 g/m 2 to 100 g/m 2 .
  • the present invention thus aims to respond to these problems.
  • the device comprises means for recovering the material taken by the comb cleaner, and for reintroducing said material to feed the drum.
  • the zones of the external surface of said at least one comber configured so as not to take material from the drum are formed by local destruction of teeth on the external surface of said at least one comber and/or by blocking teeth on the external surface of said at least one comber.
  • said closing of teeth on the external surface of said at least one comber is formed by affixing a material cover so as to close a volume between the teeth of said at least one comber.
  • said material is reinjected upstream of the material supply to the rotating drum.
  • the present invention further relates to a sheet of fibers of non-woven material obtained by means of such a method.
  • the device as presented comprises a rotating drum 10 and one or more rotating combers 20.
  • the rotating drum 10 has the general shape of a cylinder of revolution. It has an external face 12, and is adapted to be supplied with textile fibers and to distribute them on its external face 12. It is mounted to rotate around a main axis Z-Z.
  • the rotating drum 10 is fed by a feeding system not shown in the figures, configured to supply textile fibers so that the external face 12 of the rotating drum 10 is covered with textile fibers, typically in a uniform or substantially uniform manner.
  • the drum 10 is configured so as to standardize the distribution and orientation of the textile fibers present on its external face 12.
  • the device comprises at least one rotating comber 20.
  • the doffer 20 is movable in rotation along an axis parallel to the main axis ZZ.
  • the doffer 20 typically has a general cylindrical shape of revolution, with external surface 22.
  • the doffer 20 comprises a plurality of teeth formed on its external surface 22, and adapted to pick up textile fibers present on the external face 12 of the drum 10 in such a manner. to form a sheet 30 of material.
  • the comber 20 is commonly formed with teeth distributed regularly on the external surface 22 in order to obtain a uniform sheet of material, typically a sheet of non-woven material.
  • the invention proposes a distinct approach, and thus aims to modify the configuration of the teeth of the doffer 20 so as to form one or more layers of non-woven material having recesses, that is to say areas devoid of material.
  • the comber 20 thus includes areas on its external surface 22 at which it cannot take material from the drum 10.
  • the sheet of non-woven material is formed as soon as it exits the combers 20 with recesses.
  • a first method consists of locally modifying the teeth of the comber 20, so as to render part of the teeth non-operative or non-functional. Here we can close or wrap the teeth of comber 20.
  • the comber 20 can be equipped with pellets, for example made of cork, or lead, formed so as to close the space between the teeth of the comber 20 in predetermined zones, so as to define zones in which the teeth are no longer functional, and therefore in which the comber 20 cannot take material from the drum 10.
  • pellets for example made of cork, or lead
  • teeth of the comber 20 can be locally destroyed, so as to define zones in which the comber 20 cannot take material from the drum 10.
  • the sheet formed at the outlet of the doffer 20 has recesses.
  • the device as proposed thus makes it possible to obtain directly at the output of the combers one or more layers which can be described as perforated, without requiring a subsequent operation of cutting or removing material from the layer.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible to directly obtain a sheet of perforated non-woven material, having recesses directly at the outlet of the frame, without requiring cutting or material removal steps.
  • FIG. 4 presents an example of a tablecloth thus obtained. We understand that this example is not limiting, and is purely illustrative.
  • the invention thus comes into contradiction with the usual carding techniques which aim to form uniform and homogeneous textile layers, and thus aim on the contrary to avoid the formation of areas devoid of material.
  • the invention is compatible with the use of an operation of thermo-binding positioned directly downstream, or, without the use of a thermo-binding operation, thus making it possible to avoid a significant environmental impact.
  • the doffer 20 does not take all of the material present on the drum 10.
  • the present invention proposes to add a cleaning comber 40, adapted to recover the material present on the drum 10 downstream of the comber 20.
  • the device comprises 1 comber 20, as well as a comber cleaner 40 positioned between the material supply of the drum 10 and the comber 20.
  • the material remaining on the drum 10 downstream of the combers 20 is recovered by the comb cleaner 40 before the material is redeposited on the drum 10.
  • the comb cleaner 40 can typically comprise material recovery means, typically teeth or specific linings, and/or suction means adapted to recover the material present on the drum 10, typically all of the material present on the drum 10.
  • the material thus recovered by the comb cleaner 40 is typically reintroduced upstream of the material supply to the drum 10 using suitable reintroduction and conveying means.
  • the comb cleaner 40 therefore performs a material recovery and recycling function.
  • the sheet formed at the card outlet can then be encapsulated by plastic or metallized films to form multilayer reflective thermal insulators.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif pour la formation d'une nappe de fibres de matériau non tissé, comprenant un tambour (10), au moins un peigneur (20) rotatif comprenant une pluralité de dents adaptées, lesdites dents étant réparties régulièrement sur une surface externe (22) du peigneur (20) caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un peigneur (20) est configuré de manière à former une nappe (30) présentant des évidements, ledit au moins un peigneur (20) comprenant ainsi des zones sur sa surface externe (22) qui ne peuvent pas prélever de matériau du tambour (10), le dispositif comprend en outre un peigneur nettoyeur (40), adapté pour récupérer le matériau présent sur le tambour (10) en aval dudit au moins un peigneur (20).Device for forming a sheet of fibers of non-woven material, comprising a drum (10), at least one rotary doffer (20) comprising a plurality of suitable teeth, said teeth being distributed regularly over an external surface (22) of the doffer (20) characterized in that said at least one doffer (20) is configured so as to form a sheet (30) having recesses, said at least one doffer (20) thus comprising zones on its external surface (22) which cannot remove material from the drum (10), the device further comprises a cleaning comber (40), adapted to recover the material present on the drum (10) downstream of said at least one comber (20).

Description

Domaine TechniqueTechnical area

La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'isolation thermo-acoustique des bâtiments, et plus précisément la réalisation de couches de matériau non tissé pour la réalisation d'isolants thermiques réfléchissants ou réflecteurs.The present invention relates to the field of thermo-acoustic insulation of buildings, and more precisely the production of layers of non-woven material for the production of reflective or reflective thermal insulators.

Technique antérieurePrior art

Les isolants réflecteurs comprennent typiquement deux catégories de produits : la première catégorie est celle des isolants à base de « bulles », fabriqués grâce à des procédés plasturgiques, et les isolants de type « multicouches » qui alternent des films métallisés et des séparateurs composés soit à base de mousse plastique alvéolaire soit à base de fibres textiles (naturelles ou synthétiques) formant un matelas de fibres. La présente invention s'applique en particulier aux isolants de type multicouches à base de fibres textiles.Reflective insulators typically include two categories of products: the first category is that of “bubble” based insulators, manufactured using plasticsurgical processes, and “multilayer” type insulators which alternate metallized films and separators composed either of based on cellular plastic foam or based on textile fibers (natural or synthetic) forming a mat of fibers. The present invention applies in particular to multilayer type insulation based on textile fibers.

Le plus souvent nous constatons une alternance dans la nature des séparateurs au sein du même produit multicouche. Cependant, les produits de cette même famille d'isolants se caractérisent par un principe de fonctionnement commun et très différent des autres isolants traditionnels comme les isolants à base de fibres minérales ou ceux à base de résine synthétique comme le polyuréthane ou le polystyrène extrudé.Most often we see an alternation in the nature of the separators within the same multilayer product. However, the products of this same family of insulation are characterized by a common operating principle and very different from other traditional insulation such as insulation based on mineral fibers or those based on synthetic resin such as polyurethane or extruded polystyrene.

Ce principe de fonctionnement est de rechercher à bloquer la propagation de la chaleur en utilisant à la fois des matériaux très peu conducteur de chaleur pour créer une structure capable de piéger en son sein des alvéoles d'air immobile, et en utilisant à la fois des films métallisés ou métalliques pour couper la propagation de la chaleur par rayonnement et pour protéger les alvéoles d'air immobile, constituées par les séparateurs, des infiltrations d'air extérieures parasites.This operating principle is to seek to block the propagation of heat by using both materials that conduct little heat to create a structure capable of trapping cells of immobile air within it, and by using both metallized or metallic films to cut off the propagation of heat by radiation and to protect the still air cells, formed by the separators, from parasitic external air infiltrations.

L'optimisation de la performance thermique de ces isolants passe en grande partie par l'optimisation de la performance des séparateurs. La présente invention vise ainsi à optimiser les séparateurs à base de fibres textiles synthétiques ou naturelles.Optimizing the thermal performance of these insulators largely involves optimizing the performance of the separators. The present invention thus aims to optimize separators based on synthetic or natural textile fibers.

Actuellement, dans la plupart des produits mis sur le marché, les séparateurs à base de fibres textiles présentent les inconvénients listés ci-après.Currently, in most products placed on the market, separators based on textile fibers have the disadvantages listed below.

La fabrication du non-tissé est réalisée de manière indépendante de l'assemblage du non-tissé dans le complexe final : le processus de fabrication contient donc une opération de reprise ; cette opération de reprise impose donc que le non-tissé soit facilement manipulable c'est-à-dire enroulable, transportable et à nouveau déroulable,The manufacturing of the nonwoven is carried out independently of the assembly of the nonwoven in the final complex: the manufacturing process therefore contains a recovery operation; this recovery operation therefore requires that the nonwoven be easily handled, that is to say, rollable, transportable and unrollable again,

Pour que le non-tissé soit facilement manipulable sa fabrication doit être thermo-liée ce qui permet de lier les fibres entre elles et de leur donner une résistance mécanique à l'étirement suffisante pour supporter des opérations de manipulation ultérieures. De plus, la liaison des fibres impose l'utilisation d'un four, ce qui a des conséquences importantes sur la consommation d'énergie et l'impact environnemental.For the nonwoven to be easily handled, its manufacture must be heat-bonded, which makes it possible to bond the fibers together and give them sufficient mechanical resistance to stretching to withstand subsequent handling operations. In addition, bonding the fibers requires the use of an oven, which has significant consequences on energy consumption and environmental impact.

Par ailleurs, les fibres textiles synthétiques ou naturelles les plus courantes dans les isolants réflecteurs sont généralement des fibres qui sont très absorbantes dans le domaine Infra-rouge, et cette absorption va considérablement réduire la performance thermique du séparateur en augmentant la conductivité thermique. Par conséquent, les isolants sont limités à des matelas de fibres de faible épaisseur, ayant des grammages assez faibles ou modérés, allant de 40 g/m2 à 100 g/m2.Furthermore, the most common synthetic or natural textile fibers in reflective insulators are generally fibers which are very absorbent in the Infra-red domain, and this absorption will considerably reduce the thermal performance of the separator by increasing the thermal conductivity. Consequently, insulation is limited to thin fiber mats, having fairly low or moderate weights, ranging from 40 g/m 2 to 100 g/m 2 .

Il a été proposé d'augmenter la résistance thermique des séparateurs R (R = e /λ) en réduisant la conductivité thermique en ajourant les nappes de non-tissé et/ou en augmentant l'épaisseur des séparateurs (grammage > 100 gr/m2).It has been proposed to increase the thermal resistance of the separators R (R = e /λ) by reducing the thermal conductivity by perforating the non-woven layers and/or by increasing the thickness of the separators (grammage > 100 gr/m 2 ).

En revanche, l'augmentation de la résistance thermique des séparateurs pose diverses problématiques ; non seulement l'opération d'ajourage en elle-même est complexe à mettre en oeuvre, et de plus cette opération est d'autant plus complexe que la densité des voiles à ajourer augmente, ce qui est le cas au vus des évolutions règlementaires, qui tendent à imposer de fortes épaisseurs et/ou une conductivité très faible.On the other hand, increasing the thermal resistance of the separators poses various problems; not only is the opening operation in itself complex to implement, and moreover this operation is all the more complex as the density of the sails to be perforated increases, which is the case in view of regulatory developments, which tend to impose high thicknesses and/or very low conductivity.

La présente invention vise ainsi à répondre à ces problématiques.The present invention thus aims to respond to these problems.

Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention

A cet effet, la présente invention concerne un dispositif pour la formation d'une nappe de fibres de matériau non-tissé, comprenant :

  • un tambour rotatif présentant une face externe, adapté pour être alimenté en fibres textiles et à les répartir sur sa face externe,
  • au moins un peigneur rotatif comprenant une pluralité de dents adaptées pour prélever des fibres textiles présentes sur la face externe du tambour de manière à former une nappe de matériau, lesdites dents étant réparties régulièrement sur une surface externe du peigneur caractérisé en ce que
  • ledit au moins un peigneur est configuré de manière à former une nappe présentant des évidements, ledit au moins un peigneur comprenant ainsi des zones sur sa surface externe qui ne peuvent pas prélever de matériau du tambour,
  • le dispositif comprend en outre un peigneur nettoyeur, adapté pour récupérer le matériau présent sur le tambour en aval dudit au moins un peigneur.
For this purpose, the present invention relates to a device for forming a sheet of fibers of non-woven material, comprising:
  • a rotating drum having an external face, adapted to be supplied with textile fibers and to distribute them on its external face,
  • at least one rotary doffer comprising a plurality of teeth adapted to pick up textile fibers present on the external face of the drum so as to form a sheet of material, said teeth being distributed regularly on an external surface of the doffer characterized in that
  • said at least one doffer is configured so as to form a sheet having recesses, said at least one doffer thus comprising zones on its external surface which cannot take material from the drum,
  • the device further comprises a comb cleaner, adapted to recover the material present on the drum downstream of said at least one comber.

Selon un exemple, le dispositif comprend des moyens de récupération de la matière prélevée par le peigneur nettoyeur, et de réintroduction de ladite matière pour alimenter le tambour.According to one example, the device comprises means for recovering the material taken by the comb cleaner, and for reintroducing said material to feed the drum.

Selon un exemple, les zones de la surface externe dudit au moins un peigneur configuré de manière à ne pas prélever de matériau du tambour sont formées par destruction locale de dents sur la surface externe dudit au moins un peigneur et/ou par obturation de dents sur la surface externe dudit au moins un peigneur.According to one example, the zones of the external surface of said at least one comber configured so as not to take material from the drum are formed by local destruction of teeth on the external surface of said at least one comber and/or by blocking teeth on the external surface of said at least one comber.

Selon un exemple, ladite obturation de dents sur la surface externe dudit au moins un peigneur est formée par apposition de cache de matière de manière à venir obturer un volume entre des dents dudit au moins un peigneur.According to one example, said closing of teeth on the external surface of said at least one comber is formed by affixing a material cover so as to close a volume between the teeth of said at least one comber.

La présente invention concerne également un procédé de formation d'une nappe de fibres de matériau non tissé à l'aide d'une carde, dans lequel :

  • un fournit des fibres textiles, typiquement non-tissées,
  • on alimente un tambour rotatif avec les fibres textiles,
  • on prélève des fibres textiles du tambour rotatif avec au moins un peigneur rotatif adapté pour prélever les fibres textiles sur le tambour, ledit peigneur rotatif comprenant une pluralité de dents adaptées pour prélever des fibres textiles présentes sur la face externe du tambour de manière à former une nappe de matériau, lesdites dents étant réparties régulièrement sur une surface externe du peigneur, ledit peigneur étant configuré de manière à présenter des zones sur sa surface externe qui ne peuvent pas prélever de matériau du tambour, de sorte que la nappe formée par ledit au moins un peigneur présente des évidements
  • on récupère le matériau restant sur le tambour rotatif en aval dudit au moins un peigneur rotatif avec un peigneur nettoyeur.
The present invention also relates to a method for forming a sheet of fibers of non-woven material using a card, in which:
  • one provides textile fibers, typically non-woven,
  • a rotating drum is fed with the textile fibers,
  • textile fibers are taken from the rotating drum with at least one rotary comber adapted to pick up the textile fibers from the drum, said rotary comber comprising a plurality of teeth adapted to pick up textile fibers present on the external face of the drum so as to form a sheet of material, said teeth being distributed regularly over an external surface of the comber, said comber being configured so as to present zones on its external surface which cannot take material from the drum, so that the sheet formed by said at least a comber has recesses
  • the remaining material is recovered on the rotating drum downstream of said at least one rotating comber with a cleaning comber.

Selon un exemple, suite à la récupération du matériau restant sur le tambour rotatif en aval dudit au moins un peigneur rotatif avec un peigneur nettoyeur, on réinjecte ledit matériau en amont de l'alimentation en matériau du tambour rotatif.According to one example, following recovery of the material remaining on the rotating drum downstream of said at least one rotating comber with a cleaning comber, said material is reinjected upstream of the material supply to the rotating drum.

La présente invention concerne en outre une nappe de fibres de matériau non tissée obtenue au moyen d'un tel procédé.The present invention further relates to a sheet of fibers of non-woven material obtained by means of such a method.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description détaillée faite ci-après de différents modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs.

  • [Fig. 1] La figure 1 présente une vue partielle d'un dispositif selon un aspect de l'invention.
  • [Fig. 2] La figure 2 représente une autre vue partielle d'un dispositif selon un aspect de l'invention.
  • [Fig. 3] La figure 3 représente une autre vue d'un dispositif selon un aspect de l'invention.
  • [Fig. 4] La figure 4 représente un exemple de nappe de matériau non tissée obtenue avec un dispositif selon un aspect de l'invention.
The invention and its advantages will be better understood on reading the detailed description given below of different embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples.
  • [ Fig. 1 ] There figure 1 presents a partial view of a device according to one aspect of the invention.
  • [ Fig. 2 ] There figure 2 represents another partial view of a device according to one aspect of the invention.
  • [ Fig. 3 ] There Figure 3 represents another view of a device according to one aspect of the invention.
  • [ Fig. 4 ] There Figure 4 represents an example of a sheet of non-woven material obtained with a device according to one aspect of the invention.

Sur l'ensemble des figures, les éléments en commun sont repérés par des références numériques identiques.In all of the figures, common elements are identified by identical numerical references.

Description des modes de réalisationDescription of embodiments

On représente sur les figures 1 à 3 un dispositif pour la formation d'une nappe de fibres de matériau non tissé.We represent on the figures 1 to 3 a device for forming a sheet of fibers of non-woven material.

Le dispositif tel que présenté comprend un tambour 10 rotatif et un ou plusieurs peigneurs 20 rotatifs.The device as presented comprises a rotating drum 10 and one or more rotating combers 20.

Le tambour 10 rotatif présente une forme générale de cylindre de révolution. Il présente une face externe 12, et est adapté pour être alimenté en fibres textiles et à les répartir sur sa face externe 12. Il est monté tournant autour d'un axe principal Z-Z.The rotating drum 10 has the general shape of a cylinder of revolution. It has an external face 12, and is adapted to be supplied with textile fibers and to distribute them on its external face 12. It is mounted to rotate around a main axis Z-Z.

Le tambour 10 rotatif est alimenté par un système d'alimentation non représenté sur les figures, configuré pour fournir des fibres textiles de sorte que la face externe 12 du tambour 10 rotatif soit recouverte de fibres textiles, typiquement de manière uniforme ou sensiblement uniforme.The rotating drum 10 is fed by a feeding system not shown in the figures, configured to supply textile fibers so that the external face 12 of the rotating drum 10 is covered with textile fibers, typically in a uniform or substantially uniform manner.

Le tambour 10 est configuré de manière à uniformiser la répartition et l'orientation des fibres textiles présentes sur sa face externe 12.The drum 10 is configured so as to standardize the distribution and orientation of the textile fibers present on its external face 12.

Le dispositif comprend au moins un peigneur 20 rotatif.The device comprises at least one rotating comber 20.

Le peigneur 20 est mobile en rotation selon un axe parallèle à l'axe principal Z-Z. Le peigneur 20 présente typiquement une forme générale cylindrique de révolution, avec surface externe 22. Le peigneur 20 comprend une pluralité de dents formées sur sa surface externe 22, et adaptées pour prélever des fibres textiles présentes sur la face externe 12 du tambour 10 de manière à former une nappe 30 de matériau. Le peigneur 20 est communément formé avec des dents réparties régulièrement sur la surface externe 22 afin d'obtenir une nappe uniforme de matière, typiquement une nappe de matériau non tissé.The doffer 20 is movable in rotation along an axis parallel to the main axis ZZ. The doffer 20 typically has a general cylindrical shape of revolution, with external surface 22. The doffer 20 comprises a plurality of teeth formed on its external surface 22, and adapted to pick up textile fibers present on the external face 12 of the drum 10 in such a manner. to form a sheet 30 of material. The comber 20 is commonly formed with teeth distributed regularly on the external surface 22 in order to obtain a uniform sheet of material, typically a sheet of non-woven material.

L'invention propose une approche distincte, et vise ainsi à modifier la configuration des dents du peigneur 20 de manière à former une ou plusieurs nappes de matière non tissée présentant des évidements, c'est-à-dire des zones dépourvues de matière.The invention proposes a distinct approach, and thus aims to modify the configuration of the teeth of the doffer 20 so as to form one or more layers of non-woven material having recesses, that is to say areas devoid of material.

Le peigneur 20 comprend ainsi des zones sur sa surface externe 22 au niveau desquelles il ne peut pas prélever du matériau du tambour 10. Ainsi, la nappe de matériau non tissé est formée dès la sortie des peigneurs 20 avec des évidements.The comber 20 thus includes areas on its external surface 22 at which it cannot take material from the drum 10. Thus, the sheet of non-woven material is formed as soon as it exits the combers 20 with recesses.

Ces zones du peigneur 20 formées de manière à ne pas prélever de matière du tambour 10 sont formées par modification ou par destruction locale de dents du peigneur 20. Nous détaillons ci-après ces deux méthodes.These areas of the doffer 20 formed so as not to take material from the drum 10 are formed by modification or by local destruction of teeth of the doffer 20. We detail these two methods below.

Une première méthode consiste à modifier localement les dents du peigneur 20, de manière à rendre une partie des dents non opérantes ou non fonctionnelles. On peut ici venir obturer on envelopper des dents du peigneur 20.A first method consists of locally modifying the teeth of the comber 20, so as to render part of the teeth non-operative or non-functional. Here we can close or wrap the teeth of comber 20.

A titre d'exemple, le peigneur 20 peut être équipé de pastilles, par exemple en liège, ou en en plomb, formées de manière à venir obturer l'espace entre les dents du peigneur 20 dans des zones prédéterminées, de manière à définir des zones dans lesquelles les dents ne sont plus fonctionnelles, et donc dans lesquelles le peigneur 20 ne peut pas prélever de matériau du tambour 10.By way of example, the comber 20 can be equipped with pellets, for example made of cork, or lead, formed so as to close the space between the teeth of the comber 20 in predetermined zones, so as to define zones in which the teeth are no longer functional, and therefore in which the comber 20 cannot take material from the drum 10.

En alternative, on peut détruire localement des dents du peigneur 20, de manière à définir des zones dans lesquelles le peigneur 20 ne peut pas prélever de matériau du tambour 10.Alternatively, teeth of the comber 20 can be locally destroyed, so as to define zones in which the comber 20 cannot take material from the drum 10.

Ainsi, du fait des zones dans lesquelles le peigneur 20 ne peut pas prélever de matériau du tambour 10, la nappe formée en sortie du peigneur 20 présente des évidements. Le dispositif tel que proposé permet ainsi d'obtenir directement en sortie des peigneurs une ou plusieurs nappes que l'on peut qualifier de trouées, sans nécessiter une opération ultérieure de découpe ou de retrait de matière sur la nappe.Thus, due to the zones in which the doffer 20 cannot take material from the drum 10, the sheet formed at the outlet of the doffer 20 has recesses. The device as proposed thus makes it possible to obtain directly at the output of the combers one or more layers which can be described as perforated, without requiring a subsequent operation of cutting or removing material from the layer.

La présente invention permet ainsi d'obtenir directement une nappe de matériau non-tissé ajourées, présentant des évidements directement en sortie de cadre, sans nécessiter des étapes de découpes ou de retrait de matière. La figure 4 présente un exemple de nappe ainsi obtenue. On comprend que cet exemple n'est pas limitatif, et est purement illustratif.The present invention thus makes it possible to directly obtain a sheet of perforated non-woven material, having recesses directly at the outlet of the frame, without requiring cutting or material removal steps. There Figure 4 presents an example of a tablecloth thus obtained. We understand that this example is not limiting, and is purely illustrative.

L'invention vient ainsi en contradiction avec les techniques usuelles de cardage qui visent à former des nappes textiles uniformes et homogènes, et visent ainsi au contraire à éviter la formation de zones dépourvues de matière.The invention thus comes into contradiction with the usual carding techniques which aim to form uniform and homogeneous textile layers, and thus aim on the contrary to avoid the formation of areas devoid of material.

Par ailleurs, en réalisant ainsi les zones dépourvues de matière dès la formation de la nappe de matière, et non pas lors d'une étape ultérieure de découpe ou de retrait de matière, l'invention est compatible avec l'usage d'une opération de thermo-liage positionnée directement en aval, ou bien, sans l'usage d'une opération de thermo-liage permettant ainsi de s'affranchir d'un impact environnemental important.Furthermore, by thus producing the areas devoid of material from the formation of the sheet of material, and not during a subsequent step of cutting or removal of material, the invention is compatible with the use of an operation of thermo-binding positioned directly downstream, or, without the use of a thermo-binding operation, thus making it possible to avoid a significant environmental impact.

Du fait de la présence des zones du peigneur 20 configurées de manière à ne pas prélever de matériau du tambour 10, on comprend que le peigneur 20 ne prélève pas la totalité du matériau présent sur le tambour 10.Due to the presence of the zones of the doffer 20 configured so as not to take material from the drum 10, it is understood that the doffer 20 does not take all of the material present on the drum 10.

Ainsi, la présente invention propose d'ajouter un peigneur nettoyeur 40, adapté pour récupérer le matériau présent sur le tambour 10 en aval du peigneur 20.Thus, the present invention proposes to add a cleaning comber 40, adapted to recover the material present on the drum 10 downstream of the comber 20.

La figure 4 illustre un exemple d'un tel mode de réalisation. Dans cet exemple, le dispositif comprend 1 peigneur 20, ainsi qu'un peigneur nettoyeur 40 positionné entre l'alimentation en matériau du tambour 10 et le peigneur 20. Ainsi, la matière restante sur le tambour 10 en aval des peigneurs 20 est récupérée par le peigneur nettoyeur 40 préalablement à ce que de la matière soir redéposée sur le tambour 10.There figure 4 illustrates an example of such an embodiment. In this example, the device comprises 1 comber 20, as well as a comber cleaner 40 positioned between the material supply of the drum 10 and the comber 20. Thus, the material remaining on the drum 10 downstream of the combers 20 is recovered by the comb cleaner 40 before the material is redeposited on the drum 10.

Le peigneur nettoyeur 40 peut typiquement comprendre des moyens de récupération de matière, typiquement des dents ou des garnitures spécifiques, et/ou des moyens d'aspiration adaptés pour récupérer le matériau présent sur le tambour 10, typiquement la totalité du matériau présent sur le tambour 10.The comb cleaner 40 can typically comprise material recovery means, typically teeth or specific linings, and/or suction means adapted to recover the material present on the drum 10, typically all of the material present on the drum 10.

Le matériau ainsi récupéré par le peigneur nettoyeur 40 est typiquement réintroduit en amont de l'alimentation en matériau du tambour 10 à l'aide de moyens de réintroduction et de convoyage adaptés. Le peigneur nettoyeur 40 réalise donc une fonction de récupération et de recyclage de matière.The material thus recovered by the comb cleaner 40 is typically reintroduced upstream of the material supply to the drum 10 using suitable reintroduction and conveying means. The comb cleaner 40 therefore performs a material recovery and recycling function.

La nappe formée en sortie de carde peut ensuite être encapsulée par des films plastiques ou métallisés pour former des isolants thermiques réflecteurs multicouches.The sheet formed at the card outlet can then be encapsulated by plastic or metallized films to form multilayer reflective thermal insulators.

Bien que la présente invention ait été décrite en se référant à des exemples de réalisation spécifiques, il est évident que des modifications et des changements peuvent être effectués sur ces exemples sans sortir de la portée générale de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications. En particulier, des caractéristiques individuelles des différents modes de réalisation illustrés/mentionnés peuvent être combinées dans des modes de réalisation additionnels. Par conséquent, la description et les dessins doivent être considérés dans un sens illustratif plutôt que restrictif.Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it is evident that modifications and changes can be made to these examples without departing from the general scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In particular, individual features of the different illustrated/mentioned embodiments can be combined in additional embodiments. Therefore, the description and drawings should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

Il est également évident que toutes les caractéristiques décrites en référence à un procédé sont transposables, seules ou en combinaison, à un dispositif, et inversement, toutes les caractéristiques décrites en référence à un dispositif sont transposables, seules ou en combinaison, à un procédé.It is also obvious that all the characteristics described with reference to a process can be transposed, alone or in combination, to a device, and conversely, all the characteristics described with reference to a device can be transposed, alone or in combination, to a process.

Claims (7)

Dispositif pour la formation d'une nappe de fibres de matériau non tissé, comprenant : - un tambour (10) rotatif présentant une face externe (12), adapté pour être alimenté en fibres textiles et à les répartir sur sa face externe (12), - au moins un peigneur (20) rotatif comprenant une pluralité de dents adaptées pour prélever des fibres textiles présentes sur la face externe (12) du tambour (10) de manière à former une nappe de matériau, lesdites dents étant réparties régulièrement sur une surface externe (22) du peigneur (20) caractérisé en ce que - ledit au moins un peigneur (20) est configuré de manière à former une nappe (30) présentant des évidements, ledit au moins un peigneur (20) comprenant ainsi des zones sur sa surface externe (22) qui ne peuvent pas prélever de matériau du tambour (10), - le dispositif comprend en outre un peigneur nettoyeur (40), adapté pour récupérer le matériau présent sur le tambour (10) en aval dudit au moins un peigneur (20). Device for forming a sheet of fibers of non-woven material, comprising: - a rotating drum (10) having an external face (12), adapted to be supplied with textile fibers and to distribute them on its external face (12), - at least one rotary doffer (20) comprising a plurality of teeth adapted to pick up textile fibers present on the external face (12) of the drum (10) so as to form a sheet of material, said teeth being distributed regularly over a surface external (22) of the comber (20) characterized in that - said at least one doffer (20) is configured so as to form a sheet (30) having recesses, said at least one doffer (20) thus comprising areas on its external surface (22) which cannot take material of the drum (10), - the device further comprises a comb cleaner (40), adapted to recover the material present on the drum (10) downstream of said at least one comber (20). Dispositif selon la revendication 1, comprenant des moyens de récupération de la matière prélevée par le peigneur nettoyeur, et de réintroduction de ladite matière pour alimenter le tambour (10).Device according to claim 1, comprising means for recovering the material removed by the comb cleaner, and for reintroducing said material to feed the drum (10). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel les zones de la surface externe (22) dudit au moins un peigneur (20) configurées de manière à ne pas prélever de matériau du tambour (10) sont formées par destruction locale de dents sur la surface externe (22) dudit au moins un peigneur (20).Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which the zones of the external surface (22) of said at least one comber (20) configured so as not to take material from the drum (10) are formed by local destruction of teeth on the external surface (22) of said at least one comb (20). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel les zones de la surface externe (22) dudit au moins un peigneur (20) configurées de manière à ne pas prélever de matériau du tambour sont formées par obturation de dents sur la surface externe (22) dudit au moins un peigneur (20).Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which the zones of the external surface (22) of said at least one comber (20) configured so as not to take material from the drum are formed by blocking teeth on the surface external (22) of said at least one comber (20). Dispositif selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ladite obturation de dents sur la surface externe (22) dudit au moins un peigneur (20) est formée par apposition de pastille de matière de manière à venir obturer un volume entre des dents dudit au moins un peigneur (20).Device according to claim 4, in which said closure of teeth on the external surface (22) of said at least one comber (20) is formed by affixing a pellet of material so as to close a volume between the teeth of said at least one comber (20). Procédé de formation d'une nappe de fibres de matériau non tissé à l'aide d'une carde, dans lequel : - un fournit des fibres textiles, - on alimente un tambour (10) rotatif avec lesdites fibres textiles, - on prélève des fibres textiles du tambour (10) rotatif avec au moins un peigneur (20) rotatif adapté pour prélever des fibres textiles sur le tambour (10), ledit peigneur (20) rotatif comprenant une pluralité de dents adaptées pour prélever des fibres textiles présentes sur la face externe (22) du tambour (20) de manière à former une nappe de matériau, lesdites dents étant réparties régulièrement sur une surface externe (22) du peigneur (20), ledit peigneur (20) étant configuré de manière à présenter des zones sur sa surface externe (22) qui ne peuvent pas prélever de matériau du tambour (10), de sorte que la nappe (30) formée par ledit au moins un peigneur (20) présente des évidements - on récupère le matériau restant sur le tambour (10) rotatif en aval dudit au moins un peigneur (20) rotatif avec un peigneur nettoyeur (40). Process for forming a sheet of fibers of non-woven material using a card, in which: - one supplies textile fibers, - a rotating drum (10) is fed with said textile fibers, - textile fibers are taken from the rotating drum (10) with at least one rotary comber (20) adapted to pick up textile fibers from the drum (10), said rotary comber (20) comprising a plurality of teeth adapted to pick up fibers textiles present on the external face (22) of the drum (20) so as to form a sheet of material, said teeth being regularly distributed on an external surface (22) of the doffer (20), said doffer (20) being configured so to present areas on its external surface (22) which cannot take material from the drum (10), so that the sheet (30) formed by said at least one doffer (20) has recesses - the remaining material is recovered on the rotating drum (10) downstream of said at least one rotating comber (20) with a cleaning comber (40). Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel suite à la récupération du matériau restant sur le tambour (10) rotatif en aval dudit au moins un peigneur (20) rotatif avec un peigneur nettoyeur (40), on réinjecte ledit matériau en amont de l'alimentation en matériau du tambour (10) rotatif.Method according to claim 6, in which following the recovery of the material remaining on the rotating drum (10) downstream of said at least one rotary comber (20) with a cleaning comber (40), said material is reinjected upstream of the material supply to the rotating drum (10).
EP23164166.3A 2022-03-28 2023-03-24 Device for forming perforated carded-fiber webs Pending EP4253615A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR2202737A FR3133862B1 (en) 2022-03-28 2022-03-28 Device for forming layers of openwork carded fibers

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB951198A (en) * 1959-06-25 1964-03-04 Richard Freudenberg Improvements in the production of perforated non-woven fibre products
WO2004051020A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-17 Actis S.A. Flexible thermal insulation material comprising at least one open-work layer
EP1226297B1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2006-06-14 Rieter Perfojet Method for producing nonwoven webs whereof the cohesion is obtained by the action of fluid jets
WO2010032951A2 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 Yuhan-Kimberly, Limited Method of manufacturing nonwoven web perforated without physical or thermal deformation and absorbent article having such nonwoven web

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB951198A (en) * 1959-06-25 1964-03-04 Richard Freudenberg Improvements in the production of perforated non-woven fibre products
EP1226297B1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2006-06-14 Rieter Perfojet Method for producing nonwoven webs whereof the cohesion is obtained by the action of fluid jets
WO2004051020A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-17 Actis S.A. Flexible thermal insulation material comprising at least one open-work layer
WO2010032951A2 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 Yuhan-Kimberly, Limited Method of manufacturing nonwoven web perforated without physical or thermal deformation and absorbent article having such nonwoven web

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FR3133862A1 (en) 2023-09-29

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