EP1226297B1 - Method for producing nonwoven webs whereof the cohesion is obtained by the action of fluid jets - Google Patents
Method for producing nonwoven webs whereof the cohesion is obtained by the action of fluid jets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1226297B1 EP1226297B1 EP00964353A EP00964353A EP1226297B1 EP 1226297 B1 EP1226297 B1 EP 1226297B1 EP 00964353 A EP00964353 A EP 00964353A EP 00964353 A EP00964353 A EP 00964353A EP 1226297 B1 EP1226297 B1 EP 1226297B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- web
- fibers
- fibres
- raised
- nonwoven
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
- D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
- D04H1/495—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet for formation of patterns, e.g. drilling or rearrangement
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/689—Hydroentangled nonwoven fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/697—Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/697—Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials
- Y10T442/698—Containing polymeric and natural strand or fiber materials
Definitions
- One of the main problems that arises when producing nonwovens is that of achieving the cohesion of the structure in order to give the products mechanical characteristics depending on the intended application, while maintaining or conferring certain physical characteristics, such as voluminosity, touch, appearance ....
- such cohesion is obtained by intermingling the fibers in the thickness of the sheet by the action of fluid jets, and more particularly jets of water under pressure.
- this technique consists in interleaving the elementary fibers together by means of the action of pressurized water jets which act on the fibrous structure in the manner of needles and make it possible to reorient a part of the fibers. fibers constituting the web in the direction of the thickness.
- wet wipes referred to in this technical sector by the English term “ wet wipes " as well as in the field of hygiene.
- the invention is particularly suitable for producing such articles and, in the following description, it will be described more particularly for obtaining such products.
- nonwoven webs made entirely of absorbent fibers, such as cellulosic fibers, including viscose.
- absorbent fibers such as cellulosic fibers, including viscose.
- a mixture of synthetic fibers (polyester, polypropylene) and artificial fibers (viscose) is preferably used.
- Such a product has good mechanical strength characteristics, characteristics essentially provided by the synthetic fibers, as well as good absorption and liquid retention characteristics imparted by the cellulosic fibers.
- the treatment consists in treating a base ply composed of elementary fibers of the same nature or of a different nature, compressing and moistening this base ply and then intermingling the fibers by means of at least one ramp of contiguous jets of water under high pressure acting on the base web.
- the base ply is positively advanced on an endless porous support in motion and is brought to the surface of a perforated rotary cylindrical drum inside which a partial vacuum is applied.
- the base web is mechanically compressed between the porous support and the rotating drum, both of which are advancing substantially at the same speed.
- a water curtain is passed over the sheet which passes successively through the porous support, the compressed base ply and the perforated carrier drum which draws in excess water.
- the elementary fibers are intermixed by subjecting the compressed and wet web to the action of at least one ramp of jets of water under high pressure.
- the binding is carried out by means of several successive ramps of water jets which act either on the same face, or alternatively against the two faces of the sheet, the pressure inside the ramps and the speed of the jets emitted varying from one ramp to the next, and most often progressively.
- the perforated roll preferably comprises micro-perforations distributed randomly.
- the nonwoven structure may be subjected to a second treatment exerted on the reverse side.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that, after treatment of binding by means of water jets and before drying and reception, the pre-bonded and moistened web is transferred to an additional set of treatment by action of one or several series of water jets, said assembly comprising a mobile suction surface, in the form of a drum covered with a perforated structure, constituted by a wire mesh fabric, shaped to present a succession of raised areas and hollow.
- the first water jet treatment is carried out in accordance with the teachings of FR-A-2 730 246 and FR-A-2 734 285, the content of which is incorporated herein. description as needed.
- a rotary cylindrical perforated, aspirating drum is constituted by a honeycomb structure covered with a perforated sheet which rotates around a second coaxial cylindrical drum, fixed, hollow, connected to a source of partial vacuum to form a suction box below the areas where the jets of water act.
- said drum is covered with a structure that is also perforated or porous in itself, having raised and recessed areas, this structure preferably being constituted by a fabric, in the form of a sleeve removable.
- a cover structure of the suction drum it will be preferred to use a woven fabric, made for example of bronze son and which has the characteristic of being embossed.
- the void ratio with respect to the surface is between 10% and 50%, and the overall height between the bottom of the hollow parts and the upper part of the raised areas is generally between 0.5 mm. and 2 mm.
- the configuration of the reliefs and hollows that will present such a fabric can be of any type, for example be in the form of chevrons, patterns with precise contours (circular, square) or embossed appearance, crepe ...
- the complex before treatment on the embossed surface, may optionally receive a second jet bonding treatment carried out in a manner similar to the previous one, but on the opposite face.
- the nonwoven After treatment, the nonwoven, still in the wet state, is transferred to a voicing zone, followed by a drying zone consisting of a through-air drum. It is finally received in the form of a winding.
- Such a method can be implemented for fibrous webs of any composition, made from natural, artificial and / or synthetic fibers, alone or as a mixture.
- absorbent nonwovens For the production of absorbent nonwovens, it may be envisaged to produce a sheet consisting entirely of viscose fibers.
- absorbent artificial fibers viscose
- synthetic fibers such as polyester or polypropylene
- the title of the elementary fibers and their length are preferably similar and are, for example, between 1 dtex and 3.3 dtex, the length being between 20 mm and 60 mm.
- This pneumatic lapping and bonding operation is carried out before the shaping treatment on the embossed assembly, the jets of this assembly acting preferably against the surface coated with wood fibers.
- a production line for producing a nonwoven according to the method according to the invention consists essentially of a set, designated by the general reference (1), allowing to carry out by carding or other similar technique, a web may be constituted either entirely of artificial fibers, in particular viscose, or a mixture of artificial fibers and synthetic fibers, such as polyester or polypropylene.
- a porous conveyor belt (11) consisting for example of an endless fabric made of synthetic monofilament, in particular polyester, which has a porosity between 30 and 60%, that is to say a ratio between the solid surfaces and the empty surfaces of between 30 and 60%, preferably close to 50%.
- This porous support (11) is associated, in a manner similar to the teachings of FR-A-2 730 246, with a water jet treatment unit that allows, on the one hand, compression and wetting of the web (10) formed and, secondly, to submit this sheet to the action of water jet ramps.
- a water jet treatment unit that allows, on the one hand, compression and wetting of the web (10) formed and, secondly, to submit this sheet to the action of water jet ramps.
- Such an assembly essentially comprises a rotary cylindrical drum designated by the general reference (20) bearing against the surface of the conveyor belt (11).
- a first water jet ramp (21) is disposed below the support (11) and allows the prewetting of the web (10). This ramp is disposed at a distance between 70 and 100 mm of the porous support (11) and forms a water curtain for wetting the compressed web and resulting in a slight first intermingling of the web.
- the drum (20) consists of a conventional rotating cylinder with honeycomb structure (not shown in the accompanying figures), which is covered with a metal sheet (22) having micro-perforations, distributed randomly to its surface or by a woven structure.
- This rotating cylinder surrounds a second fixed, hollow coaxial cylindrical drum (23) connected to a source of partial vacuum to form a suction box, the suction being exerted through slots (26) located opposite the zone of action of water jets.
- the ply (10) After prewetting by means of the ramp (21), and as is apparent from FIGS. 1 and 1a, the ply (10) is subjected to the action of pressurized water jets (27) coming from two conventional ramps (24). , 25).
- These ramps (21,24,25) are formed of contiguous injectors arranged at predetermined distances from each other.
- the drum Opposite each ramp (21,24,25), the drum comprises a slot (26) which extends over the entire length of a generatrix, whose width is in general between 5 mm and 30 mm and from which is recovered water jets (27).
- a second assembly (28) made according to the invention After bonding to the assembly (20), the sheet is subjected to the action of a second assembly (28) made according to the invention, and whose general structure emerges from FIG. 1b.
- This assembly (28) is constituted by a suction rotary drum (29), also constituted by a cylindrical honeycomb structure, not shown in Figure 1b, and which supports, not a micro-perforated strip as for the treatment unit (20), but a coating constituted by a perforated plate (29).
- the perforations of this plate (29) can have a diameter of 3 mm, the spacing between two consecutive holes being 4 mm and the orifices being shifted from one row to the next.
- the perforated surface (29) is coated with a perforated structure (30), in the form of a sleeve, having a succession of raised and recessed areas.
- This perforated structure (30) consists of a perforated wire fabric, more particularly bronze wire, having an opening ratio of between 10% and 50%, said fabric having been embossed, as is apparent from FIGS. 5, to include a succession of raised and recessed areas.
- These raised and recessed zones may have a regular structure, for example a chevron shape as shown in FIG. 3, or a configuration forming irregular patterns giving for example a creped appearance as illustrated by FIG.
- the pre-bonded sheet is restructured by the action of one or more series of jets, coming from conventional hydraulic injectors in the number of two in the present case. Under the action of these jets, the sheet matches the configuration of the raised and recessed areas of the perforated structure (30).
- the treated web (31) is fed to a conveyor (32) where the water is removed, for example by means of a suction box disposed below the conveyor (32), and then dried by passage on a through air cylinder (33) and having a temperature of the order of 150 ° C before being received in the form of a winding (34).
- FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of a production line of a nonwoven, allowing the production of composite webs, synthetic fibers - cellulosic fibers, wood for example, adapted for the implementation of the process according to the invention. 'invention.
- Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are enlarged views of the circled treatment areas in Figure 2.
- such a production line is produced in accordance with the teachings of document FR-A-2 781 818, which makes it possible to produce nonwovens made of a mixture of elementary fibers of different types, and more particularly of a mixture of synthetic fibers associated with cellulosic fibers, especially wood fibers.
- a mixed nonwoven is produced in the following manner. Firstly, by carding (1) or other conventional technique, a first web (10) is made from chemical fibers. The fibrous web (10) produced is then subjected to a water jet tying treatment on a first treatment unit designated by reference (40).
- the two faces of the fibrous web (10) are subjected to the action of jets of water by passing around two suction cylinders, the first having micro-perforations on the surface, and the second being coated a coarse canvas as shown in Figure 2a.
- the complex structure, layer of synthetic fibers (10) coated with natural fibers (52), is then subjected to the action of a new series of water jets through a set designated by the general reference ( 53), positioned above a second conveyor.
- This treatment ensures not only the binding but also the prewetting of the sheet necessary for the implementation of the process according to the invention.
- the complex structure thus produced is then treated according to the invention on an assembly, designated by the general reference (28), illustrated by FIG. 2d, which assembly is similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1b, and which has been previously described. .
- a mixed nonwoven (31) is obtained, comprising raised and recessed patterns, which is received on a carpet (32) to be subsequently dried at (33) and received at (34).
- the process according to the invention is carried out on an installation as illustrated by FIGS. 1, 1a and 1b, in order to produce a product according to the invention consisting of a single type of hydrophilic fibers. namely, viscose fibers.
- This sheet (10) is transported by a conveyor belt (11) on a hydraulic binding unit of the type sold under the name " Jetlace 2000" adapted for carrying out the process according to the invention.
- the sheet (10) is compacted between the conveying conveyor (11) and a first binding cylinder (20) coated with a micro-perforated envelope, the holes being arranged randomly as described in the French patent 2,734,285.
- the web is wetted by means of the ramp (21) located behind the transport conveyor just after the compacting point, which ramp is arranged perpendicularly to the generatrix of the cylinder.
- the bonded veil undergoes an additional treatment according to the invention (FIG. 1b) by passing it over a cylinder also coated with a perforated envelope (29) on which is disposed a sleeve constituted by a bronze fabric (30) having 15 threads / cm and 15 frames / cm, having a diameter of 0.24 mm and having a void ratio of 40.8%.
- This bronze sleeve (30) is embossed so as to have a herringbone pattern (as shown in Figure 5), whose depth is of the order of one millimeter and a half (1.5 mm).
- the fibrous web is subjected to the action of two successive hydraulic injectors delivering jets of 120 microns in diameter at a speed of 200 m / second, the jets being spaced apart from each other by 0.6 mm.
- the web is then transferred onto a suction belt (32) connected to a vacuum generator, then dried at a temperature of 145 ° C. in a through-air oven (33), to be finally received, for example in the form of a winding (34).
- a nonwoven weighs about 60 g / m 2 and has a pattern in the form of chevrons (35), as shown in Figure 4, this pattern having excellent definition. It is permanent and resistant to friction.
- the treatment conditions are the same as those given in Example 1.
- a product consisting of a blend of viscose fibers and 70/30 polyester is produced.
- the fibers have a title of 1.7 dtex and a length of 38 mm.
- the formed web weighs, at the outlet of the card, about 65 g / m 2 and after treatment 60 g / m 2 .
- This example illustrates a concrete embodiment of a nonwoven according to the invention, consisting of a mixture of synthetic fibers and natural fibers, and more particularly of cellulosic fibers, especially wood.
- a production line is used, as illustrated in FIG. 2 and which, in a general manner, is carried out in accordance with the teachings of document FR-A-2 781 818, except it comprises, before drying in (33) and after treatment of binding and prewetting performed by the jets (53), an additional set of treatment (28) by the action of water jets, said assembly comprising a suction mobile surface , in the form a drum covered with a perforated structure (30), constituted by a woven fabric made of wire, shaped to present a succession of raised and recessed areas
- the web is compacted between this conveyor and a first assembly designated by the general reference (40) and which comprises a binding cylinder coated with a microperforated envelope, the holes of which are randomly arranged. After compaction, the web is pre-wetted via a ramp located behind the transport conveyor (11) just after the compaction point and arranged perpendicularly to the generatrix of the cylinder.
- the veil thus compacted and wet is subjected to the action of two hydraulic injectors projecting jets of water of 120 microns in diameter, at increasing speeds of 78 and 94 m / s, the jets of water being spaced apart from each other. others of 1.2 mm.
- the web is then introduced on the assembly designated by the general reference (48) and which comprises a second cylinder coated with a coarse fabric made of 9 threads per centimeter, made of bronze, with a rectangular section of 0.33 mm by 6, 64 mm in chain direction and 9 threads per centimeter, also in 0.46 mm diameter bronze in the weft direction.
- Two hydraulic injectors are arranged above this cylinder. They project on the veil jets of water of 120 microns in diameter at speeds of 100 m / s, the jets being spaced from each other by 0.5 mm.
- the veil is then expressed using a suction box connected to a vacuum generator.
- the product at the exit of this conveyor has a pyramidal type embossed appearance, with areas of different fiber density.
- the web is then introduced onto a pneumatic lapping machine (51), which deposits 35 g / m 2 of cellulose fibers.
- the web is introduced on another conveyor (54) above which are arranged four hydraulic injectors (53), projecting jets of water of 120 microns in diameter spaced from each other by 0.6 mm at speeds of 150 m / s.
- the product thus obtained is thus in the form of a pre-bonded and moistened web which is then transferred to an additional processing unit, designated by the general reference (28).
- an additional processing unit designated by the general reference (28).
- Such an assembly comprises a cylinder coated with a bronze sleeve identical to that used in Example (1), and which is embossed so as to have a pattern in the form of chevrons.
- the fibrous web is subjected to the action of two successive hydraulic injectors, delivering jets of 120 microns in diameter at a speed of 60 m / s, the jets being spaced apart from each other by 0.6 mm.
- the product thus obtained according to the process according to the invention is then transferred to a suction belt (32), connected to a vacuum generator, then dried at a temperature of 160 ° C., in a through air oven, to be finally received. in the form of a winding (34).
- examples 1 and 2 they are made on an installation in which the treatment unit (28) as illustrated in FIG. 1b is produced by means of a second series of jet treatments, as illustrated.
- Figure 1c it is say on a conventional suction drum, whose surface coating is constituted by a micro-perforated sheet (22), similar to that used for the preloading treatment.
- Example 3 it is performed on a production line, as shown in Figure 2, but not comprising a treatment unit (28).
- the products obtained according to the invention and those of the comparative examples are tested to determine the thickness, the density, the resistance in the long direction (SL) and in the transverse direction (ST), the elongation in the long direction. and in the cross direction and the rate of water absorption.
- Example 1 comparative Example 2 comparative Example 3 Comparative Weight g / m2 60 60 60 60 55 55 Thickness in mm 0.71 0.50 0.82 0.58 0.61 0.44 Density in g / cm3 0,085 0.12 0.073 0,103 0.090 0,125 Resistance Dry 115 120 112 114 108 110 long direction (SL) N / 50mm Wet 58 59 98 92 99 101 Resistance Dry 21 20 18 22 21 19 cross direction (ST) N / 50mm Wet 15 14 17 20 18 17 Elongation Dry 25 29 30 27 31 30 long meaning (SL) in% Wet 26 28 35 33 30 29 Elongation Dry 123 134 129 133 185 189 cross direction (ST) in% Wet 99 100 124 126 184 185 Absorption rate g / g 928 906 850 826 833 824
- the materials made according to the invention have the advantage of being much thicker to equal weight.
- the new products have a flattering and advantageous textile aspect that increases their commercial value.
- embossed bronze fabric comprising 15 warp and weft yarns, the diameter of which is 0.24 mm and the opening ratio of 40.8%, it could be envisaged to use other types of embossed structures.
- the embossed bronze fabric has 23.5 threads / cm both in warp and weft, said threads having a diameter of 0.19 mm and the opening ratio being 30, 5%.
- the method according to the invention can also be used to obtain mixed nonwovens consisting of a mixture of different nature.
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Abstract
Description
Depuis des décennies, il a été proposé de remplacer des nappes textiles traditionnelles (tissus, tricots) par des structures dites «non-tissés» qui, d'une manière générale, peuvent être classées en trois grandes catégories, résultant de leur processus même de fabrication. à savoir les non-tissés dits " par voie sèche ", " par voie fondue " et les non-tissés dits " par voie humide ".For decades, it has been proposed to replace traditional textile fabrics (fabrics, knits) with so-called "non-woven" structures which, in general, can be classified in three broad categories, resulting from their very process of manufacturing. namely non-woven said "dry", "melted" and so-called nonwovens "wet".
Dans la suite de la description, la présente invention sera décrite appliquée à l'obtention de non-tissés par la technique dite " par voie sèche », mais il est évident que cela n'est pas limitatif et, qu'éventuellement, elle pourrait être appliquée aux deux autres catégories de non-tissés.In the remainder of the description, the present invention will be described applied to obtaining nonwovens by the technique called "dry", but it is obvious that this is not limiting and that, eventually, it could be applied to the other two categories of nonwovens.
L'un des principaux problèmes qui se pose lors de la réalisation de non-tissés est celui de réaliser la cohésion de la structure afin de conférer aux produits des caractéristiques mécaniques fonction de l'application envisagée, tout en conservant ou conférant certaines caractéristiques physiques, tel que voluminosité, toucher, aspect....One of the main problems that arises when producing nonwovens is that of achieving the cohesion of the structure in order to give the products mechanical characteristics depending on the intended application, while maintaining or conferring certain physical characteristics, such as voluminosity, touch, appearance ....
Parmi les techniques proposées à ce jour, une telle cohésion est obtenue par entremêlement des fibres dans l'épaisseur de la nappe grâce à l'action de jets de fluide, et plus particulièrement de jets d'eau sous pression.Among the techniques proposed to date, such cohesion is obtained by intermingling the fibers in the thickness of the sheet by the action of fluid jets, and more particularly jets of water under pressure.
Une telle technique de traitement par jets d'eau a été proposée depuis des décennies comme cela ressort des brevets US 3 214 819, 3 508 308 et 3 485 706.Such a water jet treatment technique has been proposed for decades as is apparent from US Patents 3,214,819, 3,508,308 and 3,485,706.
D'une manière générale, cette technique consiste à réaliser l'entrelacement des fibres élémentaires entre elles grâce à l'action de jets d'eau sous pression qui agissent sur la structure fibreuse à la manière d'aiguilles et permettent de réorienter une partie des fibres constituant la nappe dans le sens de l'épaisseur.In general, this technique consists in interleaving the elementary fibers together by means of the action of pressurized water jets which act on the fibrous structure in the manner of needles and make it possible to reorient a part of the fibers. fibers constituting the web in the direction of the thickness.
Une telle technologie s'est largement développée de nos jours, et est utilisée non seulement pour réaliser des structures dites « spunlace » à usage textile, tel que notamment pour les applications dans les domaines médicaux ou hospitaliers, de l'essuyage, de la filtration, d'enveloppes pour sachets de thé, mais également pour réaliser de minuscules perforations dans des supports continus, tels que papier, cartons, films, voire même feuilles de matière plastique ou autres, les articles obtenus pouvant être soit réguliers et homogènes et se présentant sous la forme d'une feuille plane pouvant éventuellement présenter des perforations comme cela ressort du brevet US 3 508 308, voire éventuellement comporter des motifs résultant de la réorientation des fibres, et ce essentiellement dans un but esthétique comme cela ressort de l'US 3 485 706.Such a technology has largely developed today, and is used not only to make "spunlace" structures for textile use, such as in particular for applications in the medical or hospital fields, wiping, filtration, envelopes for tea bags, but also to make tiny perforations in continuous media, such as paper, cardboard, film, even plastic sheets or other, the articles obtained being able to be or regular and homogeneous and being in the form of a flat sheet may optionally have perforations as is apparent from US Patent 3,508,308, or possibly include patterns resulting from the reorientation of the fibers, and essentially for aesthetic purposes as this is apparent from US 3,485,706.
Concernant les applications de tels produits de type " spunlace ", il est connu depuis fort longtemps que l'on peut adapter les propriétés finales du produit obtenu en réalisant des mélanges de matière, par exemple en associant entre eux plusieurs voiles constitués de fibres de nature différente, par exemple des fibres naturelles, artificielles ou synthétiques, voire même à partir de nappes dans lesquelles les fibres sont préalablement mélangées, des renforts (grilles tissées ou non tissées, nappes de type " spunbond » ... ) pouvant éventuellement être intégrés à l'intérieur de la structure non tissée.As regards the applications of such "spunlace" type products, it has long been known that the final properties of the product obtained can be adapted by producing mixtures of materials, for example by combining together several sails made of fibers of a natural nature. different, for example natural, artificial or synthetic fibers, or even from webs in which the fibers are premixed, reinforcements (woven or non-woven grids, "spunbond" type plies, etc.) that can possibly be integrated into inside the nonwoven structure.
Parmi les nombreuses applications des non-tissés, on peut citer les produits d'essuyage ou les produits dits " lingettes humides », désignés dans ce secteur technique par l'expression anglaise « wet wipes » ainsi que dans le domaine de l'hygiène.Among the many applications of nonwovens, mention may be made of wiping products or products known as "wet wipes", referred to in this technical sector by the English term " wet wipes " as well as in the field of hygiene.
Outre de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques tant dans le sens long que dans le sens large, et ce aussi bien à l'état sec qu'à l'état humide, de tels produits doivent présenter également comme caractéristique essentielle d'avoir un bon pouvoir d'absorption et de rétention du liquide ou produit de traitement qu'ils supportent ou qu'ils doivent absorber. Ils doivent par ailleurs présenter une bonne stabilité dimensionnelle, être souples, doux, volumineux et agréables au toucher.In addition to good mechanical properties in both the long and the broad sense, both in the dry state and in the wet state, such products must also have the essential characteristic of having a good power of absorption and retention of the liquid or treatment product that they support or that they must absorb. They must also have good dimensional stability, be flexible, soft, voluminous and pleasant to the touch.
L'invention est particulièrement adaptée pour réaliser de tels articles et, dans la suite de la description, elle sera décrite plus particulièrement pour l'obtention de tels produits.The invention is particularly suitable for producing such articles and, in the following description, it will be described more particularly for obtaining such products.
A ce jour, pour réaliser des chiffons d'essuyage ou lingettes humides, il peut être envisagé d'utiliser des nappes non-tissées constituées en totalité de fibres absorbantes, telles que fibres cellulosiques, viscose notamment. Afin de conférer de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques au produit, on utilise préférentiellement un mélange de fibres synthétiques (polyester, polypropylène) et de fibres artificielles (viscose).To date, to produce wiping cloths or wet wipes, it may be envisaged to use nonwoven webs made entirely of absorbent fibers, such as cellulosic fibers, including viscose. In order to impart good mechanical properties to the product, a mixture of synthetic fibers (polyester, polypropylene) and artificial fibers (viscose) is preferably used.
Pour réaliser de tels articles constitués d'un mélange de fibres, on peut, soit réaliser un mélange intime desdites fibres que l'on transforme en une nappe unitaire homogène, soit, on procède à l'association de deux nappes préalablement réalisées, à savoir une nappe à base de fibres discontinues ou de filaments synthétiques continus (polyester, polypropylène), la seconde à base de fibres artificielles (viscose), et l'on associe lesdites nappes par enchevêtrement hydraulique.To produce such articles made of a mixture of fibers, it is possible either to achieve an intimate mixture of said fibers that is transformed into a homogeneous unitary web, or to proceed with the combination of two previously produced webs, namely a web based on staple fibers or continuous synthetic filaments (polyester, polypropylene), the second based on artificial fibers (viscose), and the said webs are associated by hydraulic entanglement.
Il a été également proposé, pour réaliser de tels articles, de remplacer les fibres artificielles qui confèrent le pouvoir d'absorption et de rétention du liquide à la nappe par des fibres cellulosiques naturelles telles que des fibres de bois, incorporées dans les mêmes proportions que les produits antérieurs à base de fibres artificielles ou synthétiques, lesdites fibres cellulosiques naturelles étant enchevêtrées avec les fibres chimiques également par un traitement au moyen de jets d'eau.It has also been proposed, in order to make such articles, to replace the artificial fibers which confer the power of absorption and retention of the liquid on the tablecloth by natural cellulosic fibers such as wood fibers, incorporated in the same proportions as prior products based on artificial or synthetic fibers, said natural cellulosic fibers being entangled with the chemical fibers also by a treatment by means of water jets.
Un tel produit présente de bonnes caractéristiques de résistance mécanique, caractéristiques essentiellement apportées par les fibres synthétiques, ainsi que de bonnes caractéristiques d'absorption et de rétention de liquide conférées par les fibres cellulosiques.Such a product has good mechanical strength characteristics, characteristics essentially provided by the synthetic fibers, as well as good absorption and liquid retention characteristics imparted by the cellulosic fibers.
Les brevets français FR-A-2 730 246 et 2 734 285 - brevets qui correspondent respectivement aux brevets US-A-5 718 022 et US-A-5 768 756 - décrivent des solutions qui permettent de traiter avec succès des fibres hydrophobes ou des mélanges de ces fibres avec d'autres fibres hydrophiles ou même des nappes entièrement en fibres naturelles au moyen de jets d'eau.French patents FR-A-2,730,246 and 2,734,285 - patents which correspond respectively to US-A-5,718,022 and US-A-5,768,756 - disclose solutions which make it possible to successfully treat hydrophobic or blends of these fibers with other hydrophilic fibers or even plies made entirely of natural fibers by means of water jets.
D'une manière générale, selon les enseignements de ces documents, le traitement consiste à traiter une nappe de base composée de fibres élémentaires de même nature ou de nature différente, à comprimer et humidifier cette nappe de base puis à entremêler les fibres au moyen d'au moins une rampe de jets contigus d'eau sous haute pression agissant sur la nappe de base.In general, according to the teachings of these documents, the treatment consists in treating a base ply composed of elementary fibers of the same nature or of a different nature, compressing and moistening this base ply and then intermingling the fibers by means of at least one ramp of contiguous jets of water under high pressure acting on the base web.
Pour ce faire, on fait avancer positivement la nappe de base sur un support poreux sans fin, en mouvement, et on l'amène à la surface d'un tambour cylindrique rotatif perforé à l'intérieur duquel est appliqué un vide partiel.To do this, the base ply is positively advanced on an endless porous support in motion and is brought to the surface of a perforated rotary cylindrical drum inside which a partial vacuum is applied.
La nappe de base est comprimée mécaniquement entre le support poreux et le tambour rotatif, qui avancent tous les deux sensiblement à la même vitesse.The base web is mechanically compressed between the porous support and the rotating drum, both of which are advancing substantially at the same speed.
Immédiatement en aval de la zone de compression, on dirige sur la nappe un rideau d'eau qui traverse successivement le support poreux, la nappe de base comprimée et le tambour perforé support qui aspire l'eau en excès.Immediately downstream of the compression zone, a water curtain is passed over the sheet which passes successively through the porous support, the compressed base ply and the perforated carrier drum which draws in excess water.
En continu, toujours sur le tambour cylindre rotatif, on entremêle les fibres élémentaires en soumettant la nappe comprimée et mouillée à l'action d'au moins une rampe de jets d'eau sous haute pression. En général, on réalise le liage au moyen de plusieurs rampes successives de jets d'eau qui agissent soit sur la même face, soit alternativement contre les deux faces de la nappe, la pression à l'intérieur des rampes et la vitesse des jets émis variant d'une rampe à la suivante, et le plus souvent de manière progressive.Continuously, always on the rotating drum drum, the elementary fibers are intermixed by subjecting the compressed and wet web to the action of at least one ramp of jets of water under high pressure. In general, the binding is carried out by means of several successive ramps of water jets which act either on the same face, or alternatively against the two faces of the sheet, the pressure inside the ramps and the speed of the jets emitted varying from one ramp to the next, and most often progressively.
Par ailleurs, il convient de noter ainsi que cela ressort du FR 2 734 285, que le rouleau perforé comporte de préférence des micro-perforations, distribuées de manière aléatoire.Furthermore, it should be noted that it is apparent from FR 2,734,285 that the perforated roll preferably comprises micro-perforations distributed randomly.
Eventuellement, après ce traitement de liage, la structure non-tissée peut être soumise à un second traitement exercé sur la face envers.Optionally, after this bonding treatment, the nonwoven structure may be subjected to a second treatment exerted on the reverse side.
Or on a trouvé, et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de la présente invention, un procédé qui non seulement permet de réaliser des non-tissés absorbants présentant d'excellentes propriétés physiques (résistance à la traction, à la déchirure, à l'abrasion), une bonne capacité d'absorption et de rétention de liquide similaire à des articles de même composition obtenus conformément aux enseignements du FR-2 734 285 et qui, par ailleurs, présente par rapport à de tels articles, un toucher plus agréable et une voluminosité amplifiée.It has been found, and this is the subject of the present invention, a process which not only makes it possible to produce absorbent nonwovens having excellent physical properties (tensile strength, tear resistance, abrasion), a good capacity for absorption and liquid retention similar to articles of the same composition obtained in accordance with the teachings of FR-2 734 285 and which, moreover, has a greater degree of touch with respect to such articles. nice and amplified voluminosity.
D'une manière générale, l'invention concerne donc un procédé permettant la réalisation d'un nouveau type de non-tissé constitué au moins pour partie de fibres élémentaires hydrophiles, qui consiste, en continu :
- à réaliser par cardage ou autre technique conventionnelle une nappe fibreuse ;
- à comprimer et humidifier ladite nappe ;
- à soumettre la nappe humidifiée et comprimée à un traitement de liage au moyen de jets d'eau agissant au moins contre l'une de ses faces, la nappe étant supportée par un tambour rotatif comportant des micro-perforations distribuées de manière aléatoire, un vide partiel étant appliqué à l'intérieur dudit tambour ;
- à transférer ladite nappe liée à un ensemble permettant son égouttage et son séchage avant de la réceptionner notamment sous forme d'un enroulement.
- performing carding or other conventional technique a fibrous web;
- compressing and moistening said web;
- subjecting the wetted and compressed web to binding treatment by means of water jets acting at least against one of its faces, the web being supported by a rotating drum having randomly distributed micro-perforations, a vacuum partial being applied inside said drum;
- transferring said bonded web to a set which allows it to drain and dry before receiving it, especially in the form of a winding.
Le procédé selon l'invention se caractérise en ce que, après traitement de liage au moyens de jets d'eau et avant séchage et réception, la nappe pré-liée et humidifiée est transférée à un ensemble additionnel de traitement par action d'une ou plusieurs série de jets d'eau, ledit ensemble comprenant une surface mobile aspirante, se présentant sous la forme d'un tambour recouvert d'une structure ajourée, constituée par une toile tissée en fils métalliques, conformée pour présenter une succession de zones en relief et en creux.The method according to the invention is characterized in that, after treatment of binding by means of water jets and before drying and reception, the pre-bonded and moistened web is transferred to an additional set of treatment by action of one or several series of water jets, said assembly comprising a mobile suction surface, in the form of a drum covered with a perforated structure, constituted by a wire mesh fabric, shaped to present a succession of raised areas and hollow.
Pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention, le premier traitement par jets d'eau est réalisé conformément aux enseignements des FR-A-2 730 246 et FR-A-2 734 285 dont le contenu est intégré à la présente description en tant que de besoin.For the implementation of the process according to the invention, the first water jet treatment is carried out in accordance with the teachings of FR-A-2 730 246 and FR-A-2 734 285, the content of which is incorporated herein. description as needed.
Le traitement additionnel par jets qui est réalisé avant séchage de la nappe est obtenu, comme indiqué précédemment, en la faisant passer à la surface d'un tambour cylindrique rotatif perforé, aspirant. De manière connue, un tel tambour est constitué par une structure en nid d'abeille recouverte d'une tôle perforée qui tourne autour d'un second tambour cylindrique coaxial, fixe, creux, relié à une source de vide partiel pour former une caisse aspirante en dessous des zones où agissent les jets d'eau. Conformément à l'invention, ledit tambour est recouvert d'une structure également perforée ou poreuse en elle-même présentant des zones en relief et en creux, cette structure étant de préférence constituée par un tissu, se présentant sous la forme d'un manchon amovible.The additional treatment by jets which is carried out before drying of the web is obtained, as indicated above, by passing it on the surface of a rotary cylindrical perforated, aspirating drum. In known manner, such a drum is constituted by a honeycomb structure covered with a perforated sheet which rotates around a second coaxial cylindrical drum, fixed, hollow, connected to a source of partial vacuum to form a suction box below the areas where the jets of water act. According to the invention, said drum is covered with a structure that is also perforated or porous in itself, having raised and recessed areas, this structure preferably being constituted by a fabric, in the form of a sleeve removable.
Grâce à une telle conception, il est donc aisé, par simple changement de ce manchon, de modifier l'aspect et les caractéristiques du produit obtenu.With such a design, it is easy, by simple change of this sleeve, to change the appearance and characteristics of the product obtained.
Comme structure de couverture du tambour aspirant, on utilisera de préférence une toile tissée, réalisée par exemple en fils de bronze et qui présente comme caractéristique de pouvoir être embossée.As a cover structure of the suction drum, it will be preferred to use a woven fabric, made for example of bronze son and which has the characteristic of being embossed.
Dans une telle structure, le taux de vide par rapport à la surface est compris entre 10 % et 50 %, et la hauteur globale entre le fond des parties creuses et la partie supérieure des zones en relief est en général comprise entre 0,5 mm et 2 mm.In such a structure, the void ratio with respect to the surface is between 10% and 50%, and the overall height between the bottom of the hollow parts and the upper part of the raised areas is generally between 0.5 mm. and 2 mm.
La configuration des reliefs et creux que présentera une telle toile, peut être de tout type, par exemple se présenter sous la forme de chevrons, de motifs à contours précis (circulaires, carrés) ou un aspect gaufré, crêpé...The configuration of the reliefs and hollows that will present such a fabric, can be of any type, for example be in the form of chevrons, patterns with precise contours (circular, square) or embossed appearance, crepe ...
Selon une variante conforme à l'invention, avant traitement sur la surface embossée, le complexe peut éventuellement recevoir un second traitement de liage par jets réalisé d'une manière similaire au précédent, mais sur la face opposée.According to a variant according to the invention, before treatment on the embossed surface, the complex may optionally receive a second jet bonding treatment carried out in a manner similar to the previous one, but on the opposite face.
Après traitement, le non-tissé, toujours à l'état humide, est transféré à une zone d'exprimage, suivie d'une zone de séchage constituée par un tambour à air traversant. Il est enfin réceptionné sous la forme d'un enroulement.After treatment, the nonwoven, still in the wet state, is transferred to a voicing zone, followed by a drying zone consisting of a through-air drum. It is finally received in the form of a winding.
Un tel procédé peut être mis en oeuvre pour des nappes fibreuses de toute composition, réalisées à partir de fibres naturelles, artificielles et/ou synthétiques, prises seules ou en mélange.Such a method can be implemented for fibrous webs of any composition, made from natural, artificial and / or synthetic fibers, alone or as a mixture.
Pour la réalisation de non-tissés absorbants, il peut être envisagé de réaliser une nappe constituée en totalité par des fibres de viscose.For the production of absorbent nonwovens, it may be envisaged to produce a sheet consisting entirely of viscose fibers.
De préférence, on utilisera cependant un mélange de fibres artificielles absorbantes (viscose) et de fibres synthétiques, tels que polyester ou polypropylène.Preferably, however, a mixture of absorbent artificial fibers (viscose) and synthetic fibers, such as polyester or polypropylene, will be used.
Dans de tels mélanges, le titre des fibres élémentaires et leur longueur sont de préférence similaires et sont, par exemple, compris entre 1 dtex et 3,3 dtex, la longueur étant comprise entre 20 mm et 60 mm.In such mixtures, the title of the elementary fibers and their length are preferably similar and are, for example, between 1 dtex and 3.3 dtex, the length being between 20 mm and 60 mm.
Il peut également être envisagé d'adapter le procédé pour incorporer à la nappe des fibres naturelles, telles que fibres de bois, par exemple par nappage pneumatique suivi d'un liage hydraulique au moyen de rampes de jets agissant contre la face sur laquelle ont été distribuées les fibres de bois.It may also be envisaged to adapt the process to incorporate natural fibers, such as wood fibers, into the sheet, for example by pneumatic topping followed by hydraulic bonding by means of jet ramps acting against the face on which they have been applied. distributed the wood fibers.
Cette opération de nappage pneumatique et liage est réalisée avant le traitement de conformation sur l'ensemble embossé, les jets de cet ensemble agissant de préférence contre la surface revêtue de fibres de bois.This pneumatic lapping and bonding operation is carried out before the shaping treatment on the embossed assembly, the jets of this assembly acting preferably against the surface coated with wood fibers.
L'invention et les avantages qui en ressortent sera cependant mieux comprise grâce aux exemples de réalisation qui suivent, donnés à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, et qui sont illustrés par les schémas annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique de l'ensemble d'une ligne de production d'une nappe non-tissée conformément à l'invention, dont la cohésion est donnée par l'action de jets d'eau sous pression, les figures 1a et 1b étant des vues agrandies des zones cerclées de cette figure 1 et, la figure 1c illustrant la structure d'une zone de liage conventionnelle utilisée dans le cadre des exemples comparatifs qui seront donnés ultérieurement ;
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'une ligne de production d'une nappe non-tissée réalisée conformément à l'invention et permettant la réalisation de nappes mixtes, fibres synthétiques/fibres de bois, les figures 2a,2b,2c,2d étant des vues agrandies des zones cerclées de la figure 2 ;
- la figure 3 est une reproduction d'une structure embossée utilisée dans le cadre de l'invention et la figure 4 la reproduction de l'effet obtenu sur le produit final ;
- la figure 5 illustre une autre forme de réalisation dans laquelle la surface embossée permet d'obtenir une effet en creux et en relief de type " crêpé ".
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of a production line of a nonwoven web according to the invention, the cohesion of which is given by the action of jets of water under pressure, FIGS. and 1b being enlarged views of the circled areas of this FIG. 1 and FIG. 1c illustrating the structure of a conventional bonding zone used in the context of the comparative examples which will be given later;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a production line of a nonwoven web made according to the invention and allowing the production of composite webs, synthetic fibers / wood fibers, FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. being enlarged views of the circled areas of Figure 2;
- Figure 3 is a reproduction of an embossed structure used in the context of the invention and Figure 4 the reproduction of the effect obtained on the final product;
- FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment in which the embossed surface makes it possible to obtain a recessed and raised effect of the "creped" type.
En se reportant aux figures annexées, et plus particulièrement aux figures 1, la et 1b, une ligne de production permettant de réaliser un non-tissé conformément au procédé selon l'invention, se compose essentiellement d'un ensemble, désigné par la référence générale (1), permettant de réaliser par cardage ou autre technique similaire, une nappe pouvant être constituée soit en totalité de fibres artificielles, viscose notamment, soit d'un mélange de fibres artificielles et de fibres synthétiques, tel que polyester ou polypropylène.Referring to the accompanying figures, and more particularly to Figures 1, la and 1b, a production line for producing a nonwoven according to the method according to the invention consists essentially of a set, designated by the general reference (1), allowing to carry out by carding or other similar technique, a web may be constituted either entirely of artificial fibers, in particular viscose, or a mixture of artificial fibers and synthetic fibers, such as polyester or polypropylene.
A la sortie de la zone de conformation de la nappe (10), cette dernière est transférée sur un tapis transporteur poreux (11) constitué par exemple par une toile sans fin réalisée en monofilament synthétique, notamment en polyester, qui présente une porosité comprise entre 30 et 60 %, c'est-à-dire un rapport entre les surfaces pleines et les surfaces vides compris entre 30 et 60 %, de préférence voisin de 50 %.At the exit of the conformation zone of the ply (10), the latter is transferred onto a porous conveyor belt (11) consisting for example of an endless fabric made of synthetic monofilament, in particular polyester, which has a porosity between 30 and 60%, that is to say a ratio between the solid surfaces and the empty surfaces of between 30 and 60%, preferably close to 50%.
Ce support poreux (11) est associé, d'une manière similaire aux enseignements du FR-A-2 730 246, à un ensemble de traitement par jets d'eau permettant d'une part, d'assurer la compression et le mouillage de la nappe (10) formée et, d'autre part, de soumettre cette nappe à l'action de rampes de jets d'eau. Un tel ensemble comprend essentiellement un tambour cylindrique rotatif désigné par la référence générale (20) en appui contre la surface du tapis transporteur (11).This porous support (11) is associated, in a manner similar to the teachings of FR-A-2 730 246, with a water jet treatment unit that allows, on the one hand, compression and wetting of the web (10) formed and, secondly, to submit this sheet to the action of water jet ramps. Such an assembly essentially comprises a rotary cylindrical drum designated by the general reference (20) bearing against the surface of the conveyor belt (11).
Une première rampe de jets d'eau (21) est disposée en dessous du support (11) et permet de réaliser le prémouillage de la nappe (10). Cette rampe est disposée à une distance comprise entre 70 et 100 mm du support poreux (11) et forme un rideau d'eau permettant de mouiller la nappe comprimée et entraînant un premier entremêlement léger de la nappe.A first water jet ramp (21) is disposed below the support (11) and allows the prewetting of the web (10). This ramp is disposed at a distance between 70 and 100 mm of the porous support (11) and forms a water curtain for wetting the compressed web and resulting in a slight first intermingling of the web.
Le tambour (20) se compose d'un cylindre rotatif conventionnel à structure en nid d'abeille (non représenté aux figures annexées), qui est recouvert d'une feuille métallique (22) comportant des micro-perforations, réparties de manière aléatoire à sa surface ou par une structure tissée. Ce cylindre rotatif entoure un second tambour cylindrique coaxial (23) fixe, creux, relié à une source de vide partiel pour former une caisse aspirante, l'aspiration s'exerçant au travers de fentes (26) situées en regard de la zone d'action des jets d'eau.The drum (20) consists of a conventional rotating cylinder with honeycomb structure (not shown in the accompanying figures), which is covered with a metal sheet (22) having micro-perforations, distributed randomly to its surface or by a woven structure. This rotating cylinder surrounds a second fixed, hollow coaxial cylindrical drum (23) connected to a source of partial vacuum to form a suction box, the suction being exerted through slots (26) located opposite the zone of action of water jets.
Après prémouillage au moyen de la rampe (21), et ainsi que cela ressort des figures 1 et 1a, la nappe (10) est soumise à l'action de jets d'eau sous pression (27) provenant de deux rampes conventionnelles (24, 25).After prewetting by means of the ramp (21), and as is apparent from FIGS. 1 and 1a, the ply (10) is subjected to the action of pressurized water jets (27) coming from two conventional ramps (24). , 25).
Eventuellement, il pourrait être envisagé de n'avoir qu'une seule rampe (24) ou plus de deux rampes successives associées au tambour (20).Optionally, it could be envisaged to have only one ramp (24) or more than two successive ramps associated with the drum (20).
Ces rampes (21,24,25) sont formées d'injecteurs contigus disposés à des distances prédéterminées les uns des autres.These ramps (21,24,25) are formed of contiguous injectors arranged at predetermined distances from each other.
En regard de chaque rampe (21,24,25), le tambour comporte une fente (26) qui s'étend sur toute la longueur d'une génératrice, dont la largeur est en général comprise entre 5 mm et 30 mm et au travers de laquelle est récupérée l'eau des jets (27).Opposite each ramp (21,24,25), the drum comprises a slot (26) which extends over the entire length of a generatrix, whose width is in general between 5 mm and 30 mm and from which is recovered water jets (27).
Après liage sur l'ensemble (20), la nappe est soumise à l'action d'un second ensemble (28) réalisé conformément à l'invention, et dont la structure générale ressort de la figure 1b. Cet ensemble (28) est constitué par un tambour rotatif aspirant (29), constitué également par une structure cylindrique en nid d'abeille, non représentée à la figure 1b, et qui supporte, non pas une bande micro-perforée comme pour l'ensemble de traitement (20), mais un revêtement constitué par une plaque ajourée (29). A titre indicatif, les perforations de cette plaque (29) peuvent avoir un diamètre de 3 mm, l'entraxe entre deux orifices consécutifs étant de 4 mm et les orifices étant décalés d'une rangée à la suivante.After bonding to the assembly (20), the sheet is subjected to the action of a second assembly (28) made according to the invention, and whose general structure emerges from FIG. 1b. This assembly (28) is constituted by a suction rotary drum (29), also constituted by a cylindrical honeycomb structure, not shown in Figure 1b, and which supports, not a micro-perforated strip as for the treatment unit (20), but a coating constituted by a perforated plate (29). As an indication, the perforations of this plate (29) can have a diameter of 3 mm, the spacing between two consecutive holes being 4 mm and the orifices being shifted from one row to the next.
Conformément à l'invention, la surface perforée (29) est revêtue d'une structure ajourée (30), en forme de manchon, présentant une succession de zones en relief et en creux.According to the invention, the perforated surface (29) is coated with a perforated structure (30), in the form of a sleeve, having a succession of raised and recessed areas.
Cette structure ajourée (30) est constituée par une toile ajourée en fils métalliques, plus particulièrement en fils de bronze, comportant un taux d'ouverture compris entre 10 % et 50 %, ladite toile ayant été embossée, comme cela ressort des figures 3 et 5, pour comporter une succession de zones en relief et en creux. Ces zones en relief et en creux peuvent avoir une structure régulière, par exemple une forme de chevrons comme illustré à la figure 3 ou une configuration formant des motifs irréguliers donnant par exemple un aspect crêpé tel qu'illustré par la figure 5.This perforated structure (30) consists of a perforated wire fabric, more particularly bronze wire, having an opening ratio of between 10% and 50%, said fabric having been embossed, as is apparent from FIGS. 5, to include a succession of raised and recessed areas. These raised and recessed zones may have a regular structure, for example a chevron shape as shown in FIG. 3, or a configuration forming irregular patterns giving for example a creped appearance as illustrated by FIG.
Ainsi que cela ressort de la figure 1b, lors de son passage dans cette zone de traitement additionnel (28), la nappe pré-liée est restructurée par action d'une ou plusieurs séries de jets, provenant d'injecteurs hydrauliques conventionnels au nombre de deux dans le cas présent. Sous l'action de ces jets, la nappe épouse la configuration des zones en relief et en creux de la structure ajourée (30). Après traitement, la nappe traitée (31) est amenée sur un convoyeur (32) où l'eau est éliminée, par exemple à l'aide d'une caisse aspirante disposée en dessous du convoyeur (32), puis elle est séchée par passage sur un cylindre à air traversant (33) et ayant une température de l'ordre de 150°C avant d'être réceptionnée sous la forme d'un enroulement (34).As is apparent from FIG. 1b, during its passage through this additional treatment zone (28), the pre-bonded sheet is restructured by the action of one or more series of jets, coming from conventional hydraulic injectors in the number of two in the present case. Under the action of these jets, the sheet matches the configuration of the raised and recessed areas of the perforated structure (30). After treatment, the treated web (31) is fed to a conveyor (32) where the water is removed, for example by means of a suction box disposed below the conveyor (32), and then dried by passage on a through air cylinder (33) and having a temperature of the order of 150 ° C before being received in the form of a winding (34).
La figure 2 illustre une seconde forme de réalisation d'une ligne de production d'un non-tissé, permettant la réalisation de nappes mixtes, fibres synthétiques - fibres cellulosiques, bois par exemple, adaptée pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention.FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of a production line of a nonwoven, allowing the production of composite webs, synthetic fibers - cellulosic fibers, wood for example, adapted for the implementation of the process according to the invention. 'invention.
Les figures 2a, 2b, 2c et 2d sont des vues agrandies des zones de traitement cerclées sur la figure 2.Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are enlarged views of the circled treatment areas in Figure 2.
D'une manière générale, une telle ligne de production est réalisée conformément aux enseignements du document FR-A-2 781 818, qui permet de réaliser des non-tissés constitués d'un mélange de fibres élémentaires de nature différente, et plus particulièrement d'un mélange de fibres synthétiques, associé à des fibres cellulosiques, notamment des fibres de bois.In general, such a production line is produced in accordance with the teachings of document FR-A-2 781 818, which makes it possible to produce nonwovens made of a mixture of elementary fibers of different types, and more particularly of a mixture of synthetic fibers associated with cellulosic fibers, especially wood fibers.
D'une manière générale, dans une telle installation, on réalise un non-tissé mixte de la manière suivante. Tout d'abord, on réalise par cardage (1) ou autre technique conventionnelle, un premier voile (10) à partir de fibres chimiques. On soumet ensuite la nappe fibreuse (10) produite, à un traitement de liage au moyen de jets d'eau sur un premier ensemble de traitement désigné par la référence (40).In a general manner, in such an installation, a mixed nonwoven is produced in the following manner. Firstly, by carding (1) or other conventional technique, a first web (10) is made from chemical fibers. The fibrous web (10) produced is then subjected to a water jet tying treatment on a first treatment unit designated by reference (40).
Dans cette phase de traitement, les deux faces de la nappe fibreuse (10) sont soumises à l'action de jets d'eau par passage autour de deux cylindres aspirants, le premier comportant des micro-perforations en surface, et le second étant revêtu d'une toile grossière comme cela ressort de la figure 2a.In this treatment phase, the two faces of the fibrous web (10) are subjected to the action of jets of water by passing around two suction cylinders, the first having micro-perforations on the surface, and the second being coated a coarse canvas as shown in Figure 2a.
Après avoir traité la nappe, celle-ci est transférée sur un convoyeur (50) et l'on dépose à la surface de ladite nappe (10) des fibres naturelles (52), telles que des fibres de bois (voir figure 2b).After treating the web, it is transferred onto a conveyor (50) and is deposited on the surface of said web (10) of natural fibers (52), such as wood fibers (see Figure 2b).
La structure complexe, nappe de fibres synthétiques (10) revêtue de fibres naturelles (52), est alors soumise à l'action d'une nouvelle série de jets d'eau par l'intermédiaire d'un ensemble désigné par la référence générale (53), positionné au-dessus d'un second convoyeur. Ce traitement assure non seulement le liage mais également le prémouillage de la nappe nécessaire pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention
La structure complexe ainsi réalisée est ensuite traitée conformément à l'invention sur un ensemble, désigné par la référence générale (28), illustré par la figure 2d, ensemble qui est similaire à celui illustré à la figure 1b, et qui a été décrit précédemment.The complex structure, layer of synthetic fibers (10) coated with natural fibers (52), is then subjected to the action of a new series of water jets through a set designated by the general reference ( 53), positioned above a second conveyor. This treatment ensures not only the binding but also the prewetting of the sheet necessary for the implementation of the process according to the invention.
The complex structure thus produced is then treated according to the invention on an assembly, designated by the general reference (28), illustrated by FIG. 2d, which assembly is similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1b, and which has been previously described. .
Après traitement, on obtient, un non tissé mixte (31), comportant des motifs en relief et en creux, qui est réceptionné sur un tapis (32) pour être ensuite séché en (33) et réceptionné en (34).After treatment, a mixed nonwoven (31) is obtained, comprising raised and recessed patterns, which is received on a carpet (32) to be subsequently dried at (33) and received at (34).
Le procédé conforme à l'invention est mis en oeuvre sur une installation telle qu'illustrée par les figures 1, 1a et 1b et ce, en vue de réaliser un produit conforme à l'invention, constitué d'un seul type de fibres hydrophiles, à savoir de fibres de viscose.The process according to the invention is carried out on an installation as illustrated by FIGS. 1, 1a and 1b, in order to produce a product according to the invention consisting of a single type of hydrophilic fibers. namely, viscose fibers.
Pour ce faire, on réalise une nappe (10), pesant environ 65 gm2 composée de 100 % de fibres de viscose de 1,7 dtex et de 38 mm de longueur, cette nappe étant produite à une vitesse de 50 m/min par une carde pour non-tissés (1).For this purpose, a ply (10), weighing approximately 65 gm 2 made of 100% viscose fibers of 1.7 dtex and 38 mm in length, is produced, this ply being produced at a speed of 50 m / min. a card for nonwovens (1).
Cette nappe (10) est transportée par un tapis de convoyage (11) sur une unité de liage hydraulique du type commercialisé sous la dénomination " Jetlace 2000" adaptée pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention.This sheet (10) is transported by a conveyor belt (11) on a hydraulic binding unit of the type sold under the name " Jetlace 2000" adapted for carrying out the process according to the invention.
La nappe (10) est compactée entre le convoyeur (11) de transport et un premier cylindre (20) de liage revêtu d'une enveloppe micro-perforée, les trous étant disposés de manière aléatoire tel que décrit dans le brevet français 2 734 285. Lors du compactage, le voile est mouillé par l'intermédiaire de la rampe (21) située derrière le convoyeur de transport, juste après le point de compactage, rampe qui est disposée perpendiculairement à la génératrice du cylindre.The sheet (10) is compacted between the conveying conveyor (11) and a first binding cylinder (20) coated with a micro-perforated envelope, the holes being arranged randomly as described in the French patent 2,734,285. During compacting, the web is wetted by means of the ramp (21) located behind the transport conveyor just after the compacting point, which ramp is arranged perpendicularly to the generatrix of the cylinder.
Le voile ainsi compacté et mouillé est alors soumis à l'action de deux injecteurs hydrauliques successifs (24,25) projetant des jets d'eau (27) de 120 microns de diamètre à des vitesses croissantes de 100 et 125 m/seconde, les jets d'eau étant espacés les uns des autres de 1,2 mm.The thus compacted and wet sail is then subjected to the action of two successive hydraulic injectors (24,25) projecting jets of water (27) of 120 microns in diameter at increasing speeds of 100 and 125 m / second, the jets of water being spaced from each other by 1.2 mm.
Après traitement de liage, le voile lié subit un traitement additionnel conforme à l'invention (figure 1b) en le faisant passer sur un cylindre également revêtu d'une enveloppe perforée (29) sur laquelle est disposé un manchon constitué par un tissu de bronze (30) comportant 15 fils/cm et 15 trames/cm, ayant un diamètre de 0,24 mm et présentant un taux de vide de 40,8 %.After bonding treatment, the bonded veil undergoes an additional treatment according to the invention (FIG. 1b) by passing it over a cylinder also coated with a perforated envelope (29) on which is disposed a sleeve constituted by a bronze fabric (30) having 15 threads / cm and 15 frames / cm, having a diameter of 0.24 mm and having a void ratio of 40.8%.
Ce manchon en bronze (30) est embossé de manière à présenter un motif en forme de chevrons (comme représenté à la figure 5), dont la profondeur est de l'ordre de un millimètre et demi (1,5 mm).This bronze sleeve (30) is embossed so as to have a herringbone pattern (as shown in Figure 5), whose depth is of the order of one millimeter and a half (1.5 mm).
Le voile fibreux est soumis à l'action de deux injecteurs hydrauliques successifs délivrant des jets de 120 microns de diamètre à une vitesse de 200 m/seconde, les jets étant espacés les uns des autres de 0,6 mm.The fibrous web is subjected to the action of two successive hydraulic injectors delivering jets of 120 microns in diameter at a speed of 200 m / second, the jets being spaced apart from each other by 0.6 mm.
Le voile est ensuite transféré sur un tapis aspirant (32) connecté à un générateur de vide, puis séché à la température de 145°C dans un four (33) à air traversant, pour être enfin réceptionné par exemple sous forme d'un enroulement (34).The web is then transferred onto a suction belt (32) connected to a vacuum generator, then dried at a temperature of 145 ° C. in a through-air oven (33), to be finally received, for example in the form of a winding (34).
On obtient un non-tissé qui pèse environ 60 g/m2 et qui présente un motif sous la forme de chevrons (35), tel qu'illustré à la figure 4, ce motif ayant une excellente définition. Il est permanent et résistant aux frottements.A nonwoven weighs about 60 g / m 2 and has a pattern in the form of chevrons (35), as shown in Figure 4, this pattern having excellent definition. It is permanent and resistant to friction.
Les conditions de traitement sont les mêmes que celles données à l'exemple 1.The treatment conditions are the same as those given in Example 1.
On réalise un produit constitué par un mélange de fibres de viscose et de polyester 70/30.A product consisting of a blend of viscose fibers and 70/30 polyester is produced.
Les fibres ont un titre de 1,7 dtex et une longueur de 38 mm.The fibers have a title of 1.7 dtex and a length of 38 mm.
La nappe formée pèse, à la sortie de la carde environ 65 g/m2 et après traitement 60 g/m2.The formed web weighs, at the outlet of the card, about 65 g / m 2 and after treatment 60 g / m 2 .
Cet exemple illustre un mode de réalisation concret d'un non-tissé conforme à l'invention, constitué d'un mélange de fibres synthétiques et de fibres naturelles, et plus particulièrement de fibres cellulosiques, bois notamment.This example illustrates a concrete embodiment of a nonwoven according to the invention, consisting of a mixture of synthetic fibers and natural fibers, and more particularly of cellulosic fibers, especially wood.
Selon cet exemple de réalisation, on utilise une ligne de production, tel qu'illustré à la figure 2 et qui, d'une manière générale, est réalisée conformément aux enseignements du document FR-A-2 781 818, si ce n'est qu'elle comporte, avant séchage en (33) et après traitement de liage et de prémouillage réalisé par les jets (53), un ensemble additionnel de traitement (28) par action de jets d'eau, ledit ensemble comprenant une surface mobile aspirante, se présentant sous la forme d'un tambour couvert d'une structure ajourée (30), constitué par une toile tissée en fil métallique, conformée pour présenter une succession de zones en relief et en creuxAccording to this exemplary embodiment, a production line is used, as illustrated in FIG. 2 and which, in a general manner, is carried out in accordance with the teachings of document FR-A-2 781 818, except it comprises, before drying in (33) and after treatment of binding and prewetting performed by the jets (53), an additional set of treatment (28) by the action of water jets, said assembly comprising a suction mobile surface , in the form a drum covered with a perforated structure (30), constituted by a woven fabric made of wire, shaped to present a succession of raised and recessed areas
Dans cet exemple de réalisation, on réalise à 60 m/min. un premier voile (10) pesant 30 g/m2, constitué de fibres de polyester de 38 mm et de 1,7 dtex, qui est introduit sur une unité de liage hydraulique, du type commercialisé par le Demandeur sous la dénomination « Jetlace 2000 », par le biais d'un convoyeur de transport (11).In this embodiment, it is carried out at 60 m / min. a first web (10) weighing 30 g / m 2 , made of 38 mm polyester fibers and 1.7 dtex, which is introduced on a hydraulic binding unit, of the type marketed by the Applicant under the name "Jetlace 2000" By means of a transport conveyor (11).
Le voile est compacté entre ce convoyeur et un premier ensemble désigné par la référence générale (40) et qui comprend un cylindre de liage revêtu d'une enveloppe microperforée, dont les trous sont disposés de manière aléatoire. Après compaction, le voile est pré-mouillé par l'intermédiaire d'une rampe située derrière le convoyeur de transport (11), juste après le point de compactage et disposée perpendiculairement à la génératrice du cylindre.The web is compacted between this conveyor and a first assembly designated by the general reference (40) and which comprises a binding cylinder coated with a microperforated envelope, the holes of which are randomly arranged. After compaction, the web is pre-wetted via a ramp located behind the transport conveyor (11) just after the compaction point and arranged perpendicularly to the generatrix of the cylinder.
Le voile ainsi compacté et mouillé est soumis à l'action de deux injecteurs hydrauliques projetant des jets d'eau de 120 microns de diamètre, à des vitesses croissantes de 78 et 94 m/s, les jets d'eau étant espacés les uns des autres de 1,2 mm.The veil thus compacted and wet is subjected to the action of two hydraulic injectors projecting jets of water of 120 microns in diameter, at increasing speeds of 78 and 94 m / s, the jets of water being spaced apart from each other. others of 1.2 mm.
Le voile est alors introduit sur l'ensemble désigné par la référence générale (48) et qui comprend un deuxième cylindre revêtu d'une toile grossière constituée de 9 fils par centimètre, en bronze, de section rectangulaire de 0,33 mm par 6,64 mm de côtés en sens chaîne et de 9 fils par centimètre, également en bronze de 0,46 mm de diamètre dans le sens trame.The web is then introduced on the assembly designated by the general reference (48) and which comprises a second cylinder coated with a coarse fabric made of 9 threads per centimeter, made of bronze, with a rectangular section of 0.33 mm by 6, 64 mm in chain direction and 9 threads per centimeter, also in 0.46 mm diameter bronze in the weft direction.
Deux injecteurs hydrauliques sont disposés au-dessus de ce cylindre. Ils projettent sur le voile des jets d'eau de 120 microns de diamètre à des vitesses de 100 m/s, les jets étant espacés les uns des autres de 0,5 mm.Two hydraulic injectors are arranged above this cylinder. They project on the veil jets of water of 120 microns in diameter at speeds of 100 m / s, the jets being spaced from each other by 0.5 mm.
Le voile est alors exprimé à l'aide d'une caisse aspirante reliée à un générateur de vide.The veil is then expressed using a suction box connected to a vacuum generator.
Le produit à la sortie de ce convoyeur présente un aspect gaufré de type pyramidal, avec des zones de densité de fibres différentes.The product at the exit of this conveyor has a pyramidal type embossed appearance, with areas of different fiber density.
Le voile est alors introduit sur une machine de nappage pneumatique (51), qui dépose 35g/m2 de fibres de cellulose.The web is then introduced onto a pneumatic lapping machine (51), which deposits 35 g / m 2 of cellulose fibers.
Après dépôt de ces fibres, le voile est introduit sur un autre convoyeur (54) au-dessus duquel sont disposés quatre injecteurs hydrauliques (53), projetant des jets d'eau de 120 microns de diamètre espacés les uns des autres de 0,6 mm à des vitesses de 150 m/s.After deposition of these fibers, the web is introduced on another conveyor (54) above which are arranged four hydraulic injectors (53), projecting jets of water of 120 microns in diameter spaced from each other by 0.6 mm at speeds of 150 m / s.
Le produit ainsi obtenu se présente donc sous la forme d'une nappe pré-liée et humidifiée qui est ensuite transférée à un ensemble additionnel de traitement, désigné par la référence générale (28). Un tel ensemble comprend un cylindre revêtu d'un manchon en bronze identique à celui utilisé dans l'exemple (1), et qui est embossé de manière à présenter un motif en forme de chevrons.The product thus obtained is thus in the form of a pre-bonded and moistened web which is then transferred to an additional processing unit, designated by the general reference (28). Such an assembly comprises a cylinder coated with a bronze sleeve identical to that used in Example (1), and which is embossed so as to have a pattern in the form of chevrons.
Le voile fibreux est soumis à l'action de deux injecteurs hydrauliques successifs, délivrant des jets de 120 microns de diamètre à une vitesse de 60 m/s, les jets étant espacés les uns des autres de 0,6 mm.The fibrous web is subjected to the action of two successive hydraulic injectors, delivering jets of 120 microns in diameter at a speed of 60 m / s, the jets being spaced apart from each other by 0.6 mm.
Le produit ainsi obtenu conformément au procédé selon l'invention est ensuite transféré sur un tapis aspirant (32), connecté à un générateur de vide, puis séché à la température de 160°C, dans un four à air traversant, pour être enfin réceptionné sous forme d'un enroulement (34).The product thus obtained according to the process according to the invention is then transferred to a suction belt (32), connected to a vacuum generator, then dried at a temperature of 160 ° C., in a through air oven, to be finally received. in the form of a winding (34).
Après séchage, on obtient un complexe présentant des motifs en relief et en creux, illustré à la figure 4.After drying, a complex is obtained having raised and recessed patterns, illustrated in FIG. 4.
On réalise les mêmes exemples que précédemment aux différences près suivantes.The same examples as above are made with the following differences.
Pour les exemples 1 et 2, ils sont réalisés sur une installation dans laquelle l'ensemble de traitement (28) tel qu'illustré à la figure 1b, est réalisé au moyen d'une deuxième série de traitements par jets, tel qu'illustré à la figure 1c, c'est à dire sur un tambour aspirant conventionnel, dont le revêtement de surface est constitué par une feuille micro-perforée (22), similaire à celle utilisée pour le traitement de préliage.
Concernant l'exemple 3, il est réalisé sur une ligne de production, telle qu'illustrée à la figure 2, mais ne comportant pas d'ensemble de traitement (28).For examples 1 and 2, they are made on an installation in which the treatment unit (28) as illustrated in FIG. 1b is produced by means of a second series of jet treatments, as illustrated. in Figure 1c, it is say on a conventional suction drum, whose surface coating is constituted by a micro-perforated sheet (22), similar to that used for the preloading treatment.
Regarding Example 3, it is performed on a production line, as shown in Figure 2, but not comprising a treatment unit (28).
En procédant de cette manière, on obtient des non-tissés ayant la même composition, et pratiquement le même poids que ceux réalisés conformément à l'invention, mais qui ne comportent pas de motifs.By proceeding in this manner, nonwovens having the same composition and substantially the same weight as those made in accordance with the invention but without patterns are obtained.
Les produits obtenus conformément à l'invention et ceux des exemples comparatifs, sont testés pour déterminer l'épaisseur, la densité, la résistance dans le sens long (SL) et dans le sens travers (ST), l'allongement dans le sens long et dans le sens travers et le taux d'absorption d'eau.The products obtained according to the invention and those of the comparative examples, are tested to determine the thickness, the density, the resistance in the long direction (SL) and in the transverse direction (ST), the elongation in the long direction. and in the cross direction and the rate of water absorption.
Les résultats sont regroupés dans le tableau ci-après.
Par rapport à des produits réalisés de manière conventionnelle, et ainsi que cela ressort du tableau ci-dessus, les matériaux réalisés conformément à l'invention présentent comme avantage d'être beaucoup plus épais à poids égal.Compared to conventionally made products, and as is apparent from the above table, the materials made according to the invention have the advantage of being much thicker to equal weight.
Par ailleurs, leur résistance tant dans le sens long que dans le sens travers sont comparables à celles des produits réalisés de manière conventionnelle, ce qui leur garantit la stabilité et la résistance à l'usage.In addition, their resistance in both the long direction and the cross direction are comparable to those of products made in a conventional manner, which guarantees stability and resistance to use.
Outre leur épaisseur accrue, les nouveaux produits ont un aspect textile flatteur et avantageux qui accroît leur valeur commerciale.In addition to their increased thickness, the new products have a flattering and advantageous textile aspect that increases their commercial value.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples concrets de réalisation donnés précédemment, mais elle en couvre toutes les variantes réalisées dans le même esprit.Of course, the invention is not limited to the concrete examples of embodiment given above, but it covers all variants made in the same spirit.
Par ailleurs, si dans les exemples donnés, on utilise un tissu en bronze embossé comportant 15 fils en chaîne et en trame, dont le diamètre est de 0,24 mm et le taux d'ouverture de 40,8 %, il pourrait être envisagé d'utiliser d'autres types de structures embossées.On the other hand, if in the examples given there is used an embossed bronze fabric comprising 15 warp and weft yarns, the diameter of which is 0.24 mm and the opening ratio of 40.8%, it could be envisaged to use other types of embossed structures.
A titre d'exemple, lorsque l'on réalise des produits similaires à ceux donnés dans les exemples cités, ayant non pas un aspect « chevrons » tel qu'illustré par les figures 3 et 4, mais un aspect « crêpé » tel qu'illustré à la figure 5, il a été constaté que l'on obtenait une meilleure définition et une augmentation du relief des motifs en utilisant un tissu embossé réalisé à partir de fils de bronze de plus faible diamètre ayant une densité plus importante en fil.By way of example, when making products similar to those given in the examples cited, not having a "chevrons" appearance as illustrated by FIGS. 3 and 4, but a "creped" appearance such as illustrated in FIG. 5, it was found that a better definition and an increase in the relief of the patterns was obtained by using an embossed fabric made from smaller diameter bronze yarns having a greater density of yarn.
A titre indicatif, pour réaliser de tels tissus, la toile en bronze embossée présente 23,5 fils/cm tant en chaîne qu'en trame, lesdits fils ayant un diamètre de 0,19 mm et le taux d'ouverture étant de 30,5 %.By way of indication, for producing such fabrics, the embossed bronze fabric has 23.5 threads / cm both in warp and weft, said threads having a diameter of 0.19 mm and the opening ratio being 30, 5%.
Par ailleurs, comme indiqué préalablement dans la description et ainsi que cela est illustré par la figure 2, le procédé conforme à l'invention peut également être mis en oeuvre pour l'obtention de non-tissés mixtes constitué d'un mélange de fibres de nature différente.Furthermore, as indicated previously in the description and as illustrated in FIG. 2, the method according to the invention can also be used to obtain mixed nonwovens consisting of a mixture of different nature.
Claims (7)
- Method for producing a nonwoven consisting at least partially of hydrophilic elementary fibres, which involves continuously:• producing a fibrous web (10) by carding or another conventional technique;• compressing and moistening said web;• subjecting the moistened and compressed web to a bonding treatment by means of water jets acting at least against one of its faces, the web being supported by a rotary drum comprising randomly distributed microperforations, a partial vacuum being applied to the interior of said drum;• transferring said bonded web to an assembly (32, 33) making it possible to drain and dry it before it is received, in particular in the form of a wound package,characterized in that, after bonding treatment (20) by means of water jets and before drying and reception, the prebonded and moistened web is transferred to an additional assembly (28) for treatment by the action of one or more series of water jets, said assembly comprising a movable suction surface taking the form of a drum covered with a detachable sleeve defining an open-work structure (30) consisting of a woven bronze-wire cloth and shaped to have a succession of raised and recessed zones, the raised zones being obtained by embossing, the void/surface ratio being between 10 and 50%, and the overall height between the bottom of the recessed parts and the upper part of the raised zones being between 0.5 and 2 mm.
- Nonwoven web having a succession of raised and recessed zones obtained by the implementation of the method according to Claim 1, the overall height between the bottom of the recessed parts and the upper part of the raised zones being between 0.5 and 2 mm.
- Nonwoven web according to Claim 2, characterized in that it consists entirely of viscose fibres.
- Nonwoven web according to Claim 2, characterized in that it consists of a mixture of absorbent artificial fibres and of synthetic fibres.
- Nonwoven web according to Claim 2, characterized in that it is based on chemical, artificial and/or synthetic fibres taken alone or in a mixture and associated with natural fibres, such as wood fibres.
- Nonwoven web according to Claim 5, characterized in that the raised zones are of the "crinkled" type.
- Use of nonwoven webs according to one of Claims 2 to 6, as wiping material or as bucking for wet wipes.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9912601A FR2799214B1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 1999-10-05 | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NONWOVEN TABLECLOTHS WHICH COHESION IS OBTAINED BY THE ACTION OF FLUID JETS |
FR9912601 | 1999-10-05 | ||
PCT/FR2000/002633 WO2001025522A1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-09-22 | Method for producing nonwoven webs whereof the cohesion is obtained by the action of fluid jets |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1226297A1 EP1226297A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
EP1226297B1 true EP1226297B1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00964353A Expired - Lifetime EP1226297B1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-09-22 | Method for producing nonwoven webs whereof the cohesion is obtained by the action of fluid jets |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20020160681A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1226297B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE330049T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7530400A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60028804T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1226297T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2265979T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2799214B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001025522A1 (en) |
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-
2000
- 2000-09-22 AT AT00964353T patent/ATE330049T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-22 DE DE60028804T patent/DE60028804T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-22 ES ES00964353T patent/ES2265979T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-22 WO PCT/FR2000/002633 patent/WO2001025522A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-22 DK DK00964353T patent/DK1226297T3/en active
- 2000-09-22 EP EP00964353A patent/EP1226297B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-22 AU AU75304/00A patent/AU7530400A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-04-05 US US10/116,877 patent/US20020160681A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2004
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3133862A1 (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-09-29 | Orion Financement | Device for forming layers of openwork carded fibers |
EP4253615A1 (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-04 | Orion Financement | Device for forming perforated carded-fiber webs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7530400A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
DE60028804D1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
DK1226297T3 (en) | 2006-10-16 |
FR2799214A1 (en) | 2001-04-06 |
US6796010B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
US20040158962A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
EP1226297A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
WO2001025522A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
FR2799214B1 (en) | 2001-11-16 |
US20020160681A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
ATE330049T1 (en) | 2006-07-15 |
DE60028804T2 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
ES2265979T3 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
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