EP4249677A1 - Method for producing a pavement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a paving which has a plurality of shaped stones (2), each of which has a base body, at least one contact holder (8, 12) being arranged on the base body and between each adjacent shaped stone (2). There is a joint (4) which is filled with a joint material, the method comprising the following steps:a. Determining a target joint width from at least one dimension of the contact holders (8, 12);b. Determine an upper joint material nominal value from the target joint width, where the upper joint material nominal value corresponds to half the target joint width;c. Determine a lower joint material nominal value that is at least 0.5 mm;d. Selecting a joint material whose maximum grain size is at most equal to the joint material nominal value and whose smallest grain dimension is at least equal to the lower joint material nominal value;e. Laying the majority of the shaped blocks (2) so that there is a joint (4) between adjacent shaped blocks (2); andf. Fill the joints (4) with the selected joint material.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a paving which has a plurality of shaped stones, each of which has a base body, at least one contact holder being arranged on the base body of the shaped stones and there being a joint between adjacent shaped stones which is filled with a joint material . The invention also relates to a paving which is produced using the method according to the invention.

Paving in the sense of the present invention relates to both paving surfaces and slab coverings. Pavings made of smaller paving stones, which, for example, do not necessarily have an edge length of less than 30 cm, are referred to as paving slabs. Slab coverings, on the other hand, are made from larger stones. These paving stones and stones are also referred to as shaped stones in the context of the present invention.

Paving has been used for a long time for different floors and surfaces. The shaped stones that are used can be natural stones or artificially produced shaped stones, for example made of concrete. The loads to which such paving is exposed vary greatly depending on the area covered by the paving and its use.

Such paving can, for example, serve as a surface for a pedestrian zone or a footpath. In this case, the paving is used almost exclusively by pedestrians, so the resulting loads and the corresponding requirements for the paving's load-bearing capacity are relatively low. Alternatively, such paving can be used as a garage entrance or parking lot used so that motor vehicles, especially cars, drive on the pavement. Paving can also be used in residential and neighborhood streets and on driveways, storage areas or other areas of industrial facilities, such as factories, port facilities or similar. In this case, the pavement is driven on by heavy trucks, which may accelerate, brake or turn on the pavement. In this case, extreme stress occurs.

The weight of the vehicles moving on the paving puts a vertical load on the paving and the individual shaped stones. If the route of a vehicle follows a curve on the pavement or if the vehicle brakes or accelerates, forces are also applied parallel to the tread surface of the shaped stones. The flexing effect of the tires also results in such forces. These forces must be absorbed by the paving and dissipated into and across the superstructure. This should happen over years, if possible without damaging the paving and/or individual shaped stones. The tread surface of the shaped stones is the area on which pedestrians, vehicles or other road users move.

Large areas are often covered with paving. This has the advantage over sealing, for example with an asphalt layer, that rainwater can seep into the ground and run off through the joints between the individual shaped stones. This is additionally or alternatively achieved through the use of shaped blocks made of aggregate-porous concrete. These stones can be made entirely from heap-porous concrete and are then referred to as heap-porous solid concrete blocks. However, the stones can also only be partially made from the porous concrete. They are then referred to as heap-porous core concrete blocks. The porous concrete is used, for example, only in the upper area or only in the lower area of the stone. An upper and lower layer of porous concrete is also possible. This prevents the formation of puddles and the dangerous aquaplaning that often comes with it, as well as the formation of ice in the event of frost, and the soil dries out less. The joint are usually filled with a filling material, which can also be referred to as joint material, such as sand or fine chippings or gravel. Different grain sizes are known here, which are filled into the joints in a manner known per se. In order for the joints to accommodate joint material, they must have a minimum width, which depends on the joint material to be inserted. This means that the shaped bricks must be at a distance from each other. As a result, forces applied in particular parallel to the tread surface of the shaped blocks are only transmitted directly from one of the shaped blocks to the adjacent shaped block, but are also transmitted through the joint material. There can hardly be any movement of the individual shaped stones. These movements are undesirable as they cause the joint material to be crushed and can migrate into cavities in the bedding. This in turn results in cavities forming in the joint material and thus joint depressions, which lead to poorer load transfer. In addition, over time, contaminants accumulate in the cavities in the joint material, which impair the water permeability of the paving.

In order to reduce the undesirable movements of the shaped blocks relative to one another, shaped blocks with spacers in the form of lateral projections and/or depressions are often used. These shaped blocks are often laid in such a way that there is a gap between the spacers, but this is too small to allow the joints to be filled homogeneously. This supports the relative movement of the neighboring shaped blocks relative to each other. The shaped blocks are therefore often laid in contact so that the shaped blocks are supported on each other via their contact holders. Such shaped stones are not designed for intensively loaded areas, but only for justifiably lightly loaded areas and, for example, from the DE 87 05 004 U1 known. The spacers in this system are intended, on the one hand, to reduce the movements of the stones relative to one another and, on the other hand, to improve water permeability by forming a larger joint cross-section. However, even with shaped stones with spacers, the water permeability deteriorates significantly over time, meaning that maintenance and repair work is necessary. Over time, the joint material migrates into cavities in the bedding. Alternatively, it can also settle on the bedding surface.

The Research Society for Roads and Transport regularly publishes a set of rules with the "Additional Technical Contractual Conditions and Guidelines for the Production of Traffic Areas with Paving Pavements, Slab Coverings and Edgings" (ZTV Pavement-StB 20) which sets out requirements for paving. Special requirements for joint materials for use in paving are also set by the Research Society for Roads and Transport in the regulations "Technical delivery conditions for construction products for the production of paving surfaces, slab coverings and edgings" (TL Pavement-StB 06/15). According to these regulations, the maximum grain size of the joint material should correspond to at least two thirds of the intended joint width. The building material mixtures 0/4, 0/5 and 0/8 should preferably be used as joint material. The key numbers for building material mixtures always refer to the smallest grain size in millimeters and the largest grain size in millimeters, separated by a slash. The building material mixture 0/4 therefore has a smallest grain size of 0 mm and a maximum grain size of 4 mm. It therefore contains rock grains with dimensions of at least 0 mm and a maximum of 4 mm. According to ZTV Pavement-StB 20 and TL Pavement-StB 06/15, building material mixtures with a minimum grain size of 0 mm are always used as joint material when producing traffic areas with paving.

The disadvantage, however, is that pavings that were manufactured based on ZTV Pavement-StB 20 and TL Pavement-StB 06/15 also have load transfer that deteriorates over time due to the high loads and poor water permeability.

The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the method for producing paving in such a way that more consistent load transfer and improved water permeability are achieved.

1. a) Ermitteln einer Soll-Fugenbreite aus wenigstens einer Abmessung der Kontakthalter;
2. b) Ermitteln eines oberen Fugenmaterial-Nennwertes aus der Soll-Fugenbreite, wobei der oberen Fugenmaterial-Nennwert der halben Soll-Fugenbreite entspricht;
3. c) Ermitteln eines unteren Fugenmaterial-Nennwertes, der mindestens 0,5 mm beträgt;
4. d) Auswählen eines Fugenmateriales, dessen Größtkornabmessung höchstens dem Fugenmaterial-Nennwert und dessen Kleinstkornabmessung mindestens dem unteren Fugenmaterial-Nennwert entspricht;
5. e) Verlegen der Mehrzahl der Formsteine, so dass sich zwischen jeweils benachbarten Formsteinen eine Fuge befindet; und
6. f) Füllen der Fugen mit dem ausgewählten Fugenmaterial.

The invention solves the problem set by a method for producing a paving, each of which has a base body, at least one contact holder being arranged on the base body and a joint being filled with a joint material between adjacent shaped blocks, the method following steps having:

1. a) determining a target joint width from at least one dimension of the contact holder;
2. b) determining an upper nominal joint material value from the target joint width, whereby the upper nominal joint material value corresponds to half the target joint width;
3. c) Determine a lower joint material nominal value that is at least 0.5 mm;
4. d) Selecting a joint material whose maximum grain size corresponds at most to the joint material nominal value and whose smallest grain dimension corresponds to at least the lower joint material nominal value;
5. e) laying the majority of the shaped bricks so that there is a joint between each adjacent shaped brick; and
6. f) Filling the joints with the selected joint material.

The invention is based on the knowledge that segregation can occur due to the large differences between the largest grain size and the smallest grain size in the joint material in the prior art. The smallest components of the joint material are washed downwards and accumulate there. This reduces the water permeability of the joint in this area. As a result, especially during heavy rain, it can easily happen that not enough water can flow through the joints, into the bedding and then into the base layer and puddles can form. This leads to instability of the materials under the shaped blocks and washes out the joint material, which worsens the load transfer and enables and facilitates a relative tilting movement of the individual shaped blocks relative to one another. Furthermore, water can remain in the joints, the stones “float” and damage can occur.

According to the invention, a smallest grain dimension of at least 0.5 mm and a largest grain dimension which corresponds to at most half the joint width are used.

Preferably, each shaped stone of the paving has at least one contact holder. The individual shaped blocks are particularly preferably designed identically. Then laying is particularly easy, as any shaped stone can be used at any point on the paving. However, it is only important that the target joint width is determined by the dimensions of the contact holders and that at least one contact holder is arranged between two base bodies when the shaped blocks are laid. Preferably, however, each of the adjacent shaped blocks has a contact holder, each of which extends into the joint located between the two shaped blocks. These two contact holders of the two shaped stones are particularly preferably in contact with one another when the paving is laid.

The shaped blocks preferably have a plurality of contact holders on their base body, which are arranged on the base body. Preferably, the plurality of contact holders are arranged on the base body at the corners and, on longer sides, on the stone surfaces, so that a predetermined joint cross-section is present on all stone surfaces. Such contact holders can also be spacers, spacing aids, anti-displacement elements and/or other molded and/or arranged profiles. Preferably, such a shaped block is made entirely of concrete. Such shaped stones are inexpensive and can be produced in large numbers. In a preferred embodiment, the paving consists exclusively of such shaped stones. The shaped stones used for paving can be identical. This makes laying the paving much easier, as there is no need to select the next shaped stone to be laid. However, it is not necessary that only identical shaped bricks are used. Modern paving is often intended to have an overall aesthetic impression and effects that cannot or cannot always be achieved using identical shaped stones. Even if it is common, only a single type of shaped stone, so To use a single shaped stone format for paving, it is quite conceivable to also lay different types of shaped stones so that a uniform surface, namely the paving, is created. This is an advantage, for example, if the geometry of one type of shaped stone alone does not allow complete coverage. For example, if a type of shaped stone has an octagonal symmetry in a section parallel to the tread surface, it is not possible to achieve complete coverage of an area with just this type of shaped stone. However, it becomes possible if a second type of shaped stone, for example with a square cross-section and the same edge length as the octagonal cut of the first type, is used. Regardless of how many types of shaped stones the paving has, there will always be joint intersections.

At such joint crossing points, three or more shaped stones, which can be of the same or different types, meet each other. If the joint crossing point is a “T”-shaped point, three shaped stones meet. This does not necessarily mean that the joints branch out at a right angle, although this is advantageous. In the sense of the present invention, wherever three joints meet, a “T”-shaped joint intersection is created, regardless of the angle at which the joints meet. In particular, this also includes joint crossing points that are arranged in the shape of a “Y”. For the sake of simplicity, they are also considered to be "T" shaped joint crossing points. Depending on the laying method used to create the paving, it is possible that the paving will only have “T” shaped joint crossings. This is the case, for example, with the herringbone pattern known from the prior art. However, with other types of laying, it is possible for four or more shaped blocks to adjoin one another at one point, so that two joints cross each other or more than four joints lead away from the joint crossing point. All of these types are understood here under the term joint crossing point.

At a joint crossing point, at least three shaped blocks with contact holders meet at the corners or side surfaces. Depending on the shape of the shaped stones and the number of different types of shaped stones used in the paving If used, four, five, six or even more shaped stones can adjoin one another at a joint intersection. This also means that more than four, for example five, six or even more joints come together. There is a corner at this point for most of the shaped stones involved. The contact holders of the various shaped blocks, which protrude from the base body, lie against one another at the joint crossing points. Due to this contact of the different shaped blocks relative to one another, movement of the shaped blocks towards one another is not possible. In the entire paving, the design of all joint crossing points ensures that no shaped stone, with the exception of the shaped stones that may be located on the edge of the paving, can be moved relative to another, regardless of in which direction and at which point a force is applied parallel to the tread surface . At the same time, the contact holders ensure that the base body of the respective shaped blocks has a predefined distance between the joint crossing points, i.e. where there are no contact holders, so that a desired and predetermined joint width, namely the target joint width, cannot be undercut.

This design of the paving makes it possible to achieve a lower introduction of force into the joint material, which is located in the joints between the individual shaped stones, compared to paving from the prior art. This results in less material friction and material shattering. The projections also ensure that a sufficient and uniform joint width is achieved during installation without having to be reworked by hand. The laying creates double joint stability through full contact laying on the one hand and joint filling on the other. This means that forces are not only transmitted directly from one shaped block to the neighboring shaped block, which is the case through the contact elements laid on contact. In addition, part of the forces acting in the horizontal direction are transferred from one shaped block to the neighboring shaped block through the joint material.

In a preferred embodiment, there are no contact holders on the respective base body of the shaped blocks separated by the respective joint between the joint crossing points. The joints there particularly preferably have a constant width. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the joints have a constant width over the entire depth. The depth usually extends perpendicular to the tread surface. In the preferred embodiment, at least some, but particularly preferably all, joints have a constant width over the entire cross section. This simplifies the filling of the joints and ensures that the joint filling can be compacted as well as possible across the entire paving and that good infiltration properties are provided. Due to the preferred design of the paving, in which the individual shaped stones rest against each other via their contact holders, a large part of the force applied along the tread surface of the shaped stones, preferably even the entire force, is transferred directly from one shaped stone to the other, so that little or no joint material is used is not charged. The paving does not lose its function even when the joints are heavily drained. This means that there is less material friction and shattering compared to conventional stones, making the paving or slab covering more stable. The width of the joints is essentially, preferably completely, determined by the thickness of the contact holders. The thickness extends parallel to the tread surface and indicates how far the respective contact holder protrudes from the base body. It can be advantageous if the paving has different shaped stones, which differ at least in the thickness of the contact holders. This makes it possible to achieve joints of different widths in different areas of the paving. This is particularly advantageous if, for example, different amounts of liquid, for example rainwater, are to be or even have to be drained away through the joints in the different areas.

In a preferred embodiment, the shaped blocks have at least three, in particular at least four, corners in a section parallel to the tread surface, at each of which there is one of the contact holders, which also has a corner. Preferably, the cutting surface is at least partially independent of the distance to the tread surface. Other configurations of the shaped bricks have more than four corners, for example five, six or eight corners. Are preferred Designs in which it is possible to completely cover the paved area with a single type of shaped stone.

The corners of the respective contact holders preferably have a curve radius which is due to the manufacturing process and is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, particularly preferably less than 1 mm. The smaller the curve radius, the smaller the gap that exists in the pavement. If several of these corners of the contact holders lie against one another, and the corners do not have an exact angle but rather a manufacturing-related radius of curvature, a small gap inevitably arises between the individual contact holders. This should be kept as small as possible, so that the smallest possible radius of curvature is desirable. This does not create the effect of an additional joint at this point, which may have to be filled or could lead to problems.

Advantageously, the base bodies are rectangular in section parallel to the tread surface. They have a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction, with the longitudinal direction being longer than the transverse direction. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the longitudinal direction is twice as long as the transverse direction, since in this case different types of laying can be implemented particularly easily. Preferably, there is at least one contact holder along the longitudinal direction on the respective base body, which is not arranged at a corner. Preferably, the arrangement of this at least one additional contact holder is symmetrical to the center of the base body in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively or additionally, at least some, preferably all, shaped stones are square in section parallel to the tread surface. In this case, it can be advantageous if at least one contact holder is arranged on the side surfaces, which is not arranged on one of the corners but, for example, on one of the side surfaces of the base body. This is particularly advantageous for large shaped stones. Large refers to the absolute dimensions of the respective shaped block along the side surfaces, i.e. the distance between two adjacent corners, or to the ratio of this distance, i.e. the side length and the extent of the contact holders in this direction.

In a preferred embodiment, the shaped stones have a thickness that extends perpendicular to the tread surface. The contact holders advantageously do not extend over the entire thickness. It has proven to be advantageous if the contact holders extend over a maximum of 95%, preferably over a maximum of 85% of the thickness. However, they should extend over at least 40%, particularly preferably over at least 60%, particularly preferably over at least 80% of the thickness. The greater the part of the thickness over which the contact holders extend, the larger the contact surfaces with which the respective contact holders rest against one another when installed, i.e. in the paving. This allows forces to be transferred better and tipping moments to be avoided. In addition, the pressure decreases when the applied force remains the same, which means that the stones, especially shaped stones made of concrete, can be protected and last longer. However, if the contact holders extend, for example, over the entire thickness, which is possible but not necessary, they can be clearly seen in the laid paving even after the joints have been filled with jointing material, which may change the overall visual impression of the paving.

Therefore, the distance between the contact holders and the tread surface is preferably at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, particularly preferably at least 3 cm. This indicates how far below the tread surface the contact holder begins and how much joint material can be placed on the contact holder without protruding beyond the tread surface. The distance is preferably a maximum of 85% of the stone thickness.

Preferably, the at least one contact holder is arranged in one piece on the base body. This has the advantage that the contact holders do not have to be arranged individually between the shaped blocks when laying the shaped blocks, but rather the shaped blocks directly have the contact holders. Preferably at least some of the contact holders, but preferably all contact holders, are formed in one piece with the base body of the shaped block. In other embodiments, it may be advantageous to design some or all of the contact holders in the form of separate components, which are arranged at the corresponding locations of the shaped blocks before laying to form a paving, for example glued, clipped or be screwed on. This has the particular advantage that the base body of the shaped block can be provided with different contact holders. These can differ in how far the respective contact holders protrude beyond the base body. This determines the width of the joint created during laying. Alternatively or additionally, the contact holders can differ in their width. This can influence how large the contact surface is when installed. In this way, the stability of the paving and the size of the transferable forces parallel to the tread surface can be influenced. The number and/or height of the contact holders can also be changed by using a different type of contact holder with the respective base body. In this way, the mechanical properties, in particular those relating to the transferability of forces, the stability of the paving, the ability to drain away liquids and the tilting properties of the shaped stones, can be adjusted. In this way, these can be chosen differently in different areas of the paving without having to use different base bodies.

The target joint width is determined from at least one dimension of the contact holder. It is preferably determined from the width of the contact holders. The target joint width is particularly preferably twice the width of the contact holder. This is the case, for example, when the contact holders of one shaped block are always supported laterally on a contact holder of another shaped block. The joint width is then at least twice the width of the contact holder. Alternatively or additionally, the shaped blocks have at least one contact holder, which is supported laterally on a shaped block. In this case, the target joint width corresponds to the width of the contact holder. Alternatively, this contact holder can also be arranged between the shaped blocks or on the shaped blocks. The width of the contact holder is the dimension of the contact holder in the direction perpendicular to the surface on which the contact holder is arranged or integrally arranged on the base body of a molded block.

Filling the joints with the selected joint material can be done, for example, by sweeping or slurrying. Preferably, the joints are completely filled with the selected joint material. Alternatively, the Joints are only partially filled with the selected joint material. These joints are then filled with another joint material, which is preferably a bonded joint material, for example paving joint mortar. This is particularly advantageous if a tied construction is to be achieved. Another unbound joint material can also be used as a different joint material.

Preferably, the joint material is compacted with the selected joint material after the joints have been filled and slurried. To do this, the pavement can be shaken with a vibrating plate, for example. By compacting, an optimal, homogeneous distribution of the joint material is achieved, ensuring the best possible load transfer.

After compacting, a joint material is preferably filled into the joints again and slurried in and the joint material is then compacted again. When compacting, the joint material is compressed in the joint and therefore takes up less space after compacting than before compacting. Through repeated filling and compacting, another part of the joint space is filled with compacted joint material. The filling and compacting can be repeated until the relative compression of the joint material after the renewed compaction compared to the state after the previous compaction falls below a certain threshold value. Preferably, the selected joint material is used to refill the joints. Alternatively, a joint material other than the one selected is used for refilling and compacting, but which is coordinated with the previously applied joint material. This is an advantage, for example, if a tied construction is to be achieved. For example, paving joint mortar is used to fill the upper joints.

The width of the joints is preferably determined by the contact holders. This is the case, for example, if the shaped blocks are laid on contact and are supported on each other laterally via the contact holders.

The shaped blocks are preferably made at least partially, particularly preferably completely, from a water-storing material, in particular aggregate-porous solid concrete block or aggregate-porous core concrete block. During rain events or other strong water influences, this relieves the pressure on the ground beneath the paving and in particular on the sewage system. The paving itself represents a water storage layer with voids, such as in a so-called “sponge city”. The shaped stones absorb water in the inner cavities when it rains or other water influences and releases it back into the air through evaporation in dry weather.

Preferably, the depth of the joints corresponds at least to the width of the joints. The depth of the joints preferably corresponds to at least twice the width of the joints. These configurations achieve a narrow joint cross-section, which serves to reduce the surface discharge of the joints. In this way, the repair and maintenance frequency of the paving can be reduced and the service life of the paving can be extended, particularly on paving with high traffic frequency or high cleaning frequency.

The shaped blocks preferably have at least one anti-displacement element on the underside. Alternatively or additionally, at least one anti-displacement element is arranged below the shaped blocks. For example, ground anchors, crossbars or anchor rails can also be used as anti-displacement elements. The anti-shift elements serve to prevent the paving from shifting. This can extend the service life of the paving.

The joint material preferably consists of broken rock grains. These have a high level of strength. They also contain few or no impurities and are extremely weather-resistant.

Chippings are preferably used as the bedding material. Preferably, the smallest grain dimension of the bedding material is at least 1 mm and the largest grain dimension of the bedding material is at most 8 mm. When using such a bedding material, the migration of the joint material according to the invention into the bedding material and the associated silting of the bedding layer is effectively prevented by the minimum grain size of the joint material of 0.5 mm. The joint material is therefore filter-stable compared to such bedding material.

In a specific exemplary embodiment, the shaped bricks have contact holders with a width of 2 mm. The shaped blocks are laid by machine or by hand in such a way that one contact holder of one shaped block is always supported on at least one contact holder of an adjacent shaped block. In this example, the target joint width is twice the width of the contact holder, i.e. 4 mm. The maximum grain dimension according to the invention is half of the target joint width, i.e. 2 mm in the exemplary embodiment mentioned. According to the invention, the smallest grain dimension is 0.5 mm. Accordingly, a 0.5/2 building material mixture with rock grain dimensions of 0.5 mm to 2 mm is selected as the joint material. The selected joint material is swept into the joints and then compacted, for example with a vibrating plate weighing between 150 kg and 500 kg. After the first compaction, joint material is swept into the joints again and then compacted again, for example with a 500 kg vibrating plate under the influence of water. The renewed sweeping and compacting is repeated until the joint material settles less than 1 cm in the course of a compacting process. For the final joint closure, additional joint material is swept or slurried into the joints. This grout may be different from the selected grout but must be matched to the bottom grout. For example, the use of a fine-grained aggregate for the joint closure increases the resistance of the joint filling, for example against suction with cleaning devices.

• Fig. 1 - die schematische Draufsicht auf einen Teil einer Pflasterung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• Fig. 2 bis 4 - schematische Ansichten zu einer Pflasterung gemäß einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Fig. 5 bis 6 - schematische Ansichten zu einer Pflasterung gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel und
• Fig. 7 bis 8 - schematische Ansichten zu einer Pflasterung gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the accompanying figure. Show it:

• Fig. 1 - the schematic plan view of a part of a paving according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• Fig. 2 to 4 - Schematic views of a paving according to another exemplary embodiment;
• Fig. 5 to 6 - Schematic views of a paving according to a third exemplary embodiment and
• Fig. 7 to 8 - Schematic views of a paving according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 1 shows a part of a paving according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a top view. You can see several shaped stones 2 that lie against each other so that joints 4 form between them. The shaped stones 2 have a rectangular base body with a tread surface 6. At the four corners in Figure 1 are shown, there is a contact holder 8 in each case. The joints 4 between two adjacent shaped blocks 2 meet in "T"-shaped joint crossing points 10, at which three shaped blocks 2 adjoin one another. At each of these joint crossing points 10, two contact holders 8 of the adjacent shaped blocks 2 meet one another. As can be seen in particular in the uppermost shaped block 2 shown, the shaped blocks 2 have further contact holders 12 between the contact holders 8 at their corners, which are located on the long side of the essentially square shape of the shaped blocks 2 parallel to the tread surface 6. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the longitudinal direction, which extends from left to right, is twice as long as the transverse direction, which extends in Figure 1 runs from top to bottom. The two contact holders already mentioned therefore meet in the joint crossing points 10 8 at the corners of two of the adjacent shaped blocks 2 on a contact holder 12 of the third involved shaped blocks 2.

Due to this configuration, a movement of a shaped block 2, which is completely surrounded by other shaped blocks, which rest with their contact holders 8, 12 on the contact holders 8, 12 of the respective shaped block 2, is not possible, regardless of the direction in which a force is parallel to the Tread surface 6 is applied. Only the shaped stones 2 located on the edge need to be additionally secured.

Figure 2 shows a shaped stone 2 for paving according to a further embodiment of the present invention. In section parallel to the tread surface 6, it has four corners 14, on each edge of which one of the contact holders 8 is located. Unlike the shaped stones 2 for paving Figure 1 the corners 14 are not 90° angles, but acute angles. The contact holders 12, which are located between two of these contact holders 8, are therefore arranged along a further edge 16.

Figure 3 shows a top view of a paving made from the shaped stones 2 according to Figure 2 consists. In Figure 4 a section is shown enlarged, corresponding to circle A in Figure 3 at least roughly equivalent. The paving according to Figure 3 from the shaped blocks 2 according to Figure 2 has joint crossing points 10, where only three adjacent shaped blocks rest against each other. One of the contact holders 12 rests on two contact holders 8, whereby the joint width of the joints 4 is determined.

Figure 5 shows a shaped block 2 which has a hexagonal cross section. One of the contact holders 8 is located at the respective corners 14 and the corresponding edges 16. Figure 6 shows a section of a paving that contains several of these Figure 5 shaped stones 2 shown. The width of the joints 4 is determined by the contact holders 8, which rest against one another at the joint crossing points 10. Even if the shaped stone 2 according to Figure 5 a completely different one Has a cross section than the shaped stone 2 according to Figure 2 , also features the paving, the section of which is in Figure 6 is shown, exclusively via joint crossing points 10, at which three shaped blocks 2 rest against each other. One of the contact holders 8 of each of these shaped blocks 2 lies against the other two contact holders 8 of the other shaped blocks 2.

Figure 7 shows a shaped block 2 with a different cross-sectional area. It also has four corners 14, each of which has an edge 16. One of the contact holders 8 is positioned on each of these. In between there is a straight section 18 of the side surface, on which the contact holders 12 are located.

In Figure 8 is a section of one with these shaped stones Figure 7 laid paving shown. This paving also only has joint crossing points 10, at which three adjacent shaped blocks rest against one another, in this case one of the contact holders 8 of two of the shaped blocks 2 rests on one of the contact holders 12 of the third shaped block 2.

Reference symbol list

2

Shaped stone

4

Gap

6

tread surface

8th

Contact holder

10

Joint crossing points

12

Contact holder

14

Corner

16

Edge

18

Section

Claims (10)

Method for producing a paving which has a plurality of shaped stones (2), each of which has a base body, at least one contact holder (8, 12) being arranged on the base body and a joint (4) between each adjacent shaped stones (2). which is filled with a joint material, the method comprising the following steps: a. Determining a target joint width from at least one dimension of the contact holders (8, 12); b. Determining an upper joint material nominal value from the target joint width, the upper joint material nominal value corresponding to half the target joint width; c. Determine a lower joint material nominal value that is at least 0.5 mm; d. Selecting a joint material whose maximum grain size corresponds at most to the joint material nominal value and whose smallest grain dimension corresponds to at least the lower joint material nominal value; e. Laying the majority of the shaped blocks (2) so that there is a joint (4) between adjacent shaped blocks (2); and f. Filling the joints (4) with the selected joint material. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one contact holder (8, 12) is arranged in one piece on the base body. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaped blocks (2) are made at least partially, preferably completely, from a water-storing material. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depth of the joints (4) corresponds to at least the width of the joints (4), preferably at least twice the width of the joints (4). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joints (4) are only partially filled with the selected joint material and then filled with another, preferably bonded joint material, in particular paving joint mortar. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped blocks (2) have at least one anti-displacement element on the underside and/or at least one anti-displacement element is arranged below the shaped blocks (2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint material consists of broken rock grains. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after filling the joints with the selected joint material, the joint material is compacted. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that after compacting, a joint material is again filled into the joints (4) and the joint material is then compacted. Paving produced in a process according to one of the preceding claims.

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