EP4248509A1 - Procédé de gestion thermique d'un système à pile à combustible de véhicule - Google Patents
Procédé de gestion thermique d'un système à pile à combustible de véhiculeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4248509A1 EP4248509A1 EP21810375.2A EP21810375A EP4248509A1 EP 4248509 A1 EP4248509 A1 EP 4248509A1 EP 21810375 A EP21810375 A EP 21810375A EP 4248509 A1 EP4248509 A1 EP 4248509A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- cracking module
- cracking
- module
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04208—Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to thermal management on board a vehicle. More particularly, the invention relates to a fuel cell power supply system for a vehicle and to a method for thermal management of such a system.
- a motor vehicle comprises drive means, powered by a source of energy, which make it possible to set the vehicle in motion.
- a source of energy which make it possible to set the vehicle in motion.
- One of the most common power sources includes an internal combustion engine that runs on fuel. However, the combustion of fuel produces carbon dioxide which pollutes the atmosphere, so it may be preferable to use less polluting energy sources.
- a fuel cell to replace the internal combustion engine, for example a hydrogen cell.
- the hydrogen in the form of dihydrogen, is oxidized by the fuel cell which then produces electricity, to supply the means of drive, and heat.
- Hydrogen can be stored as ammonia gas absorbed in or adsorbed on a salt in storage cartridges. This is a safe method of storing hydrogen.
- Ammonia can also be stored in liquid form. The ammonia must be cracked in a cracking module to form dihydrogen which can then be supplied to the fuel cell.
- the hydrogen cracking reaction being endothermic, it is necessary to provide heat to the ammonia in order to crack it into a gaseous mixture comprising dihydrogen and dinitrogen. This gaseous mixture can then be used to supply the cell with dihydrogen.
- the aim of the invention is in particular to optimize the supply of heat to the cracking module during operation of the fuel cell.
- thermo management method in an electrical power supply system for a vehicle, the system comprising:
- a fuel cell configured to be supplied with dihydrogen, - an ammonia tank,
- an ammonia cracking module configured to crack the ammonia coming from the tank into a gaseous mixture comprising dihydrogen
- a combustion chamber configured to heat the cracking module, characterized in that the combustion chamber is selectively fed with the gas mixture leaving the cracking module or with a gas mixture leaving the cell in order to heat the cracking module , and the ammonia supply of the cracking module is regulated as a function of the temperature of the cracking module by comparing it with a predetermined temperature of optimal use of the cracking module so that:
- the flow rate of ammonia supplied to the cracking module is reduced.
- Ammonia thus has two functions in the fuel system, namely serving as a hydrogen precursor to fuel the fuel cell and serving as a heat source for the combustion cracker module in the combustion chamber. Regulating the flow of ammonia leaving the tank therefore makes it possible both to manage the electrical power generated by the cell and the change in temperature of the cracking module. It is thus understood that it is possible to achieve an ammonia flow rate making it possible to achieve a balance between the supply of the cell and the heating of the cracking module, this balance being regulated according to the instantaneous electrical power that must supply the battery to the vehicle.
- system further comprises a bypass channel connecting the outlet of the cracking module to the combustion chamber, the bypass channel comprising a bypass valve configured to allow or block the passage of gas in the bypass channel.
- valve is used as a synonym for the term “valve”, so that all occurrences of the term “valve” can be interchanged with the term “valve” without this modifying the disclosure of the request.
- the bypass valve is kept open.
- the combustion chamber is thus fed with the gaseous mixture without it passing through the stack.
- the cracking module has too low a temperature, the cracking of the ammonia does not occur or hardly occurs, so that the gaseous mixture leaving the cracking module does not contain enough dihydrogen to effectively supply the cell. Supplying the cell with a gaseous mixture that is unusable for it is therefore avoided.
- This also makes it possible to increase the temperature of the cracking module more rapidly than if the gaseous mixture had to pass unnecessarily through the stack before reaching the combustion chamber.
- the bypass valve is kept closed.
- the cracking modulus has a high enough temperature for ammonia cracking to occur. Consequently, the gaseous mixture leaving the cracking module contains enough dihydrogen to supply the fuel cell, so that this gaseous mixture must not be supplied directly to the combustion chamber.
- the combustion chamber is selectively fed with the gas mixture leaving the cracking module or with a gas mixture leaving the stack using selection means comprising the bypass valve and a supply valve.
- ammonia is supplied to the ammonia cracking module according to an electrical power that the cell must generate.
- the ammonia tank comprises at least one ammonia storage cartridge in the form absorbed in a matrix, for example a calcium chloride matrix.
- the ammonia is thus safely stored in the system.
- the matrix may be in the form of a salt of general formula M a (NH3) n X z , in which M is one or more cations chosen from alkali metals such as Li, Na, K or Cs, alkaline earth metals such as Mg, Ca or Sr, and/or transition metals such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn or their combinations such as NaAl, KAI, K2Zn, CsCu or K2Fe, X is one or more anions chosen from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate ions, thiocyanate, sulfate, molybdate and phosphate, a is the number of cations per molecule of salt, z is the number of anions per molecule of salt and n is the coordination number, ranging from 2 to 12.
- M is one or more cations chosen from alkali metals such as Li, Na, K or Cs, alkaline earth metals
- the system further comprises a purification module configured to reduce the ammonia content of the gas mixture entering the stack.
- the method is implemented on board a vehicle.
- an electrical power supply system for a vehicle comprising:
- an ammonia cracking module configured to crack the ammonia coming from the tank into a gaseous mixture comprising dihydrogen
- control unit configured to implement a thermal management method as defined above.
- Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle power supply system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle power supply system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the power supply system 2 comprises a fuel cell 5 of the hydrogen type. More specifically, it may be a cell of the type commonly designated “AMFC”, acronym for the English terms Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell.
- the cell 5 comprises an anode 6, arranged to be supplied with a gaseous mixture comprising dihydrogen, and a cathode 7, from which the electrical energy generated by the oxidation of the dihydrogen is supplied to the vehicle 4.
- the gas mixture enters through an inlet of anode 6a and exits through an outlet of anode 6b, the dihydrogen content of the gas mixture at the outlet of anode 6b being less than or equal to its content at the anode inlet 6a. Since this type of battery is known from the state of the art, its operation will not be described in more detail below.
- Fuel system 2 includes an ammonia tank 8.
- Ammonia is a precursor to dihydrogen.
- tank 8 allows the storage of ammonia in gaseous form.
- the tank 8 comprises a matrix which consists of a salt, for example calcium chloride, the ammonia being absorbed in the matrix and possibly adsorbed on the matrix.
- Calcium chloride is particularly suitable since one molecule of calcium chloride can form a bond with eight molecules of ammonia.
- any other form of ammonia storage can be provided in tank 8.
- the supply system 2 comprises a metering unit 10 which makes it possible to meter the quantity of ammonia which is conveyed from the tank 8 in the direction of the pile 5.
- the supply system 2 comprises a first heat exchanger 12 which makes it possible to preheat the ammonia leaving the metering unit 10. It will be indicated later how the ammonia is preheated in the first heat exchanger 12.
- the supply system 2 comprises an ammonia cracking module 14, located downstream of the first heat exchanger 12 considering the direction of circulation of the ammonia coming from the tank 8, in which the cracking reaction of ammonia.
- This reaction makes it possible to produce, from ammonia, a gaseous mixture comprising dinitrogen, dihydrogen and ammonia. This reaction is endothermic, a heat input is therefore necessary to allow cracking.
- the supply system 2 comprises a second heat exchanger 16 which makes it possible to cool the gaseous mixture leaving the cracking module 14 before it reaches the stack 5.
- the stack 5 does not need to be supplied with hot dihydrogen.
- the gaseous mixture is cooled by an admission of ambient air into the second heat exchanger 16. Thus, it leaves the second heat exchanger, on the one hand, a gaseous mixture comprising dinitrogen, dihydrogen and cooled ammonia and, on the other hand, hot air.
- the supply system 2 comprises a supply channel 18 allowing the gaseous mixture cooled by the second heat exchanger 16 to reach the inlet of the anode 6a of the cell 5.
- the supply channel 18 comprises a valve supply 20 which can take an open position in which it allows the passage of the gaseous mixture to the cell 5 and a closed position in which it prevents any passage of the gaseous mixture in the supply conduit 18.
- the feed system 2 comprises a combustion chamber 22 configured to heat the cracking module 14 in order to provide the heat necessary for the ammonia cracking reaction.
- the combustion chamber 22 is supplied with the gaseous mixture leaving the outlet of the anode 6b and the hot air leaving the second heat exchanger 16. It is thus understood that the preheating of the air in the second heat exchanger 16 makes it possible to reduce the tendency of the air entering the combustion chamber 22 to reduce the temperature inside the latter.
- the gaseous mixture may contain dihydrogen because the cell 5 generally does not consume all the dihydrogen supplied to it.
- the combustion of the ammonia and dihydrogen included in the gaseous mixture makes it possible to supply the cracking module 14 with heat.
- the temperature of the combustion chamber 22 is measured by means of a temperature sensor 24.
- a preheater 26 makes it possible to generate the heat necessary to reach the minimum temperature allowing combustion. Once the temperature of the combustion chamber 22 is higher than this minimum temperature, the preheater 26 is deactivated.
- the preheating member 26 here comprises an electric heater.
- the combustion gas leaving the combustion chamber 22 is fed into the first heat exchanger 12 in order to ensure the preheating of the ammonia leaving the metering unit 10, as mentioned above.
- the supply system 2 comprises a bypass channel 28 connecting the outlet, on the gaseous mixture side, of the second heat exchanger 16 to the combustion chamber 22.
- the bypass channel 28 comprises a bypass valve 30 able to assume an open position in which it allows the passage of the gaseous mixture to the combustion chamber 22 and a closed position in which it prevents any passage of the gaseous mixture into the bypass duct 28.
- the supply system 2 comprises a control unit 32 configured to control the operation of the elements of the supply system, in particular that of the metering unit 10, the supply valve 20 and the bypass valve 30.
- a control unit 32 configured to control the operation of the elements of the supply system, in particular that of the metering unit 10, the supply valve 20 and the bypass valve 30.
- control unit 32 controls the metering unit 10 to convey ammonia stored in the tank 8 in the direction of the cell 5.
- the unit of metering 10 controls a flow of ammonia leaving tank 8 corresponding to a flow of dihydrogen, assuming a transformation of two molecules of ammonia into three molecules of dihydrogen, allowing the cell to generate the electrical energy necessary for the operation of the vehicle 4.
- the cracking module 14 is at an insufficient temperature to allow the cracking of the ammonia.
- the bypass valve 30 is kept open and the supply valve 20 is kept closed.
- the gaseous mixture leaving the cracking module 14, comprising mainly ammonia, is thus conveyed to the combustion chamber 22 without passing through the cell 5.
- This gaseous mixture is comburated to increase the temperature in the combustion chamber 22 and in the cracking module 14. If the temperature in the combustion chamber 22 is insufficient to allow this combustion, the preheater 26 is activated to reach the minimum temperature allowing combustion, then is deactivated. Combustion, once possible, makes it possible to maintain the temperature in the combustion chamber 22 above this minimum temperature.
- the predetermined temperature mentioned in the paragraph above is that from which the cracking module 14 allows the cracking of ammonia so that the gaseous mixture leaving the cracking module 14 has an ammonia content below a predetermined threshold.
- the predetermined temperature is chosen between 450°C and 600°C, for example 550°C. At this temperature, the ammonia content is less than 1000 ppm. It should be noted that the gaseous mixture obtained by cracking ammonia contains approximately 75% by volume of dihydrogen.
- the bypass valve 30 is closed and the supply valve 20 is opened.
- the anode 6 of the cell 5 thus begins to be supplied with dihydrogen, which can be oxidized to generate electrical energy in a manner known per se.
- the gas mixture leaving the anode 6 is then sent to the combustion chamber 22 in order to be combusted to continue to heat the cracking module 14.
- combustion chamber 22 is fed selectively with the gaseous mixture leaving the cracking module 14 or with the gaseous mixture leaving the cell 5, this selective supply being ensured here by the control of the supply valve 20 and the bypass valve 30.
- two heat vectors are available, namely the gaseous mixture leaving the cracking module 14 and the gaseous mixture leaving the stack 5, and the one which is the most suitable for the thermal situation of the system 2 to supply the combustion chamber 22, in particular the temperature in the cracking module 14.
- the control unit 32 commands the metering unit 10 to regulate the supply of the cracking module 14 with ammonia as a function of the temperature of the cracking module 14.
- the temperature of the cracking module 14 is measured and it is compared, at regular time intervals, with an optimum operating temperature of the cracking module 14.
- This optimum operating temperature can be defined as corresponding to a sufficient temperature to allow the cracking of the ammonia so that the gaseous mixture leaving the cracking module 14 has an optimum dihydrogen content for the operation of the cell 5.
- the optimum operating temperature depends on a catalyst which is used in the cracking modulus 14. For a ruthenium catalyst for example, the optimum operating temperature is between 450°C and 600°C, for example 550°C.
- the metering unit 10 increases the flow rate of ammonia leaving the tank 8. In this way, more ammonia is supplied to the cracking module 14, to the stack 5 then to the combustion chamber 22 for its combustion, which makes it possible to increase the temperature of the cracking module 14.
- the metering unit 10 reduces the flow of ammonia leaving the tank 8. In this way, less ammonia is supplied to the cracking module 14, to the stack 5 then to the combustion chamber 22 for its combustion, which makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the cracking module 14.
- the second embodiment of the invention differs from the first mode in that the supply channel 18 includes a purification module 34 located downstream of the supply valve 20.
- the purification module 34 is configured to reduce the content in ammonia of the gas mixture leaving the second heat exchanger 16, for example at a value of less than 0.1 ppm. This purification step is critical in particular in the case where the cell 5 is of the “PEMFC” type, this type of cell requiring a supply of particularly pure dihydrogen.
- the gaseous mixture is supplied to the inlet of the anode 6a with a view to the oxidation of the dihydrogen by the cell 5.
- the control unit 32 allows implementation of the method of thermal management similar to that of the first embodiment.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is in particular possible to provide for the presence of a purification module in the power supply system according to the first embodiment of the invention. It is also possible to provide a temperature sensor at the outlet of the cracking module. According to a variant embodiment, the ammonia can be stored in liquid form in the tank.
- control unit 34 purification module
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2011857A FR3116386A1 (fr) | 2020-11-19 | 2020-11-19 | Procédé de gestion thermique d’un système à pile à combustible de véhicule |
| PCT/EP2021/082201 WO2022106568A1 (fr) | 2020-11-19 | 2021-11-18 | Procédé de gestion thermique d'un système à pile à combustible de véhicule |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4248509A1 true EP4248509A1 (fr) | 2023-09-27 |
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ID=74592120
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21810375.2A Withdrawn EP4248509A1 (fr) | 2020-11-19 | 2021-11-18 | Procédé de gestion thermique d'un système à pile à combustible de véhicule |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4248509A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2023549615A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20230110252A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3116386A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022106568A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11994061B2 (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2024-05-28 | Amogy Inc. | Methods for reforming ammonia |
| US11724245B2 (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2023-08-15 | Amogy Inc. | Integrated heat exchanger reactors for renewable fuel delivery systems |
| JP2024521417A (ja) | 2021-06-11 | 2024-05-31 | アモジー インコーポレイテッド | アンモニアを処理するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| US11539063B1 (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2022-12-27 | Amogy Inc. | Systems and methods for processing hydrogen |
| US11840449B1 (en) * | 2022-08-06 | 2023-12-12 | First Ammonia Motors, Inc. | Systems and methods for the catalytic production of hydrogen from ammonia on-board motor vehicles |
| CN115431742B (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2024-06-25 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | 一种基于氨燃料的燃料电池和内燃机发电驱动汽车系统 |
| US11834334B1 (en) | 2022-10-06 | 2023-12-05 | Amogy Inc. | Systems and methods of processing ammonia |
| EP4598869A1 (fr) * | 2022-10-06 | 2025-08-13 | Amogy Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de traitement d'ammoniac |
| US11866328B1 (en) | 2022-10-21 | 2024-01-09 | Amogy Inc. | Systems and methods for processing ammonia |
| US11795055B1 (en) | 2022-10-21 | 2023-10-24 | Amogy Inc. | Systems and methods for processing ammonia |
| CN116122992B (zh) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-11 | 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室) | 一种基于等离子体裂解技术的氨燃料发动机系统 |
| KR102747413B1 (ko) * | 2023-07-21 | 2024-12-27 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 바이패스 라인을 통해 크래커 내 반응을 제어하는 암모니아 분해 방법 및 이를 이용한 장치 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2017540C3 (de) * | 1970-04-13 | 1973-01-04 | Varta Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Spaltung von Ammoniak in Wasserstoff und Stickstoff |
| JP2003040602A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-13 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 燃料電池用水素製造装置 |
| WO2013119281A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-08-15 | Shawn Grannell | Système procédé et appareil de craquage de l'ammoniac par flamme |
-
2020
- 2020-11-19 FR FR2011857A patent/FR3116386A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-11-18 JP JP2023530280A patent/JP2023549615A/ja active Pending
- 2021-11-18 EP EP21810375.2A patent/EP4248509A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-11-18 WO PCT/EP2021/082201 patent/WO2022106568A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-11-18 KR KR1020237014192A patent/KR20230110252A/ko active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022106568A1 (fr) | 2022-05-27 |
| JP2023549615A (ja) | 2023-11-28 |
| FR3116386A1 (fr) | 2022-05-20 |
| KR20230110252A (ko) | 2023-07-21 |
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