EP4248160A1 - Échangeur de chaleur à faisceau tubulaire - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur à faisceau tubulaire

Info

Publication number
EP4248160A1
EP4248160A1 EP21798942.5A EP21798942A EP4248160A1 EP 4248160 A1 EP4248160 A1 EP 4248160A1 EP 21798942 A EP21798942 A EP 21798942A EP 4248160 A1 EP4248160 A1 EP 4248160A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tube
recess
tubes
tube bundle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21798942.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald GAIBLER
Achim Gotterbarm
Philipp Hofmann
Verena Obst
Michael Scheuss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Werke AG
Original Assignee
Wieland Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Werke AG filed Critical Wieland Werke AG
Publication of EP4248160A1 publication Critical patent/EP4248160A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
    • F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/162—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using bonding or sealing substances, e.g. adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • F28F2275/067—Fastening; Joining by welding by laser welding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Shell and tube heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from a first fluid to a second fluid.
  • a shell-and-tube heat exchanger usually has a hollow cylinder inside which a large number of tubes are arranged.
  • One of the two fluids can be conducted through the tubes, the other fluid through the hollow cylinder, in particular around the tubes.
  • the tubes are attached with their ends to one or more tube sheets of the tube bundle heat exchanger along their circumference. In the course of the manufacturing process of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the ends of the tubes are bonded to the tube sheet, for example.
  • the publication WO 2017/025 184 A1 describes a method for connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate.
  • the tubes and the tube sheet are each made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and are bonded to the tube sheet by means of laser welding.
  • the intensity of the generated laser beam is over 1 MW/cm2. It is also contemplated that the tubes of the tube bundle heat exchanger will be welded to the tube sheet before laser welding be positively connected.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger to be produced has a large number of tubes, which are arranged inside a hollow cylinder.
  • the tube sheet can be designed as a plate and has bores whose diameter essentially corresponds to the outside diameter of the tubes. Each tube is attached with one of its ends to one of these bores.
  • the tubes can run in a straight line within the hollow cylinder as a straight-tube heat exchanger.
  • two tube sheets are provided, which are arranged at opposite ends of the straight-tube heat exchanger. Each tube is attached with one of its ends to one of these two tube sheets.
  • the tubes can also run in a U-shape within the hollow cylinder as a U-tube heat exchanger.
  • a U-tube heat exchanger usually has only one tube sheet.
  • the tubes since the tubes are bent into a U-shape, they can be attached to the same tube plate at both ends.
  • DE 10 2006 031 606 A1 discloses a method for laser welding a heat exchanger for exhaust gas cooling, in which an oscillating movement is also superimposed on a feed movement of the laser beam. This pendulum movement takes place essentially in the direction perpendicular to the feed direction. The pendulum movement is carried out for reasons of better bridging of gaps.
  • a method for connecting tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate is known from publication WO 2017/125 253 A1.
  • the tubes are laser welded to the tube sheet materially connected.
  • a laser beam is generated and focused on a point to be welded in a connection area between tube and tube sheet.
  • the laser beam is moved in such a way that it completes a first movement across the connection area and a second movement that is superimposed on the first movement and that is different from the first movement.
  • the second movement specifically influences the melt pool dynamics and advantageously modifies a vapor capillary that is created.
  • the object of the invention is to connect tubes of a tube bundle heat exchanger to a tube plate reliably and with little effort and with high quality.
  • the invention includes a tube bundle heat exchanger with an enclosing outer shell and at least one tube sheet, which together define an interior space of the tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger comprises a tube bundle with a multiplicity of heat exchanger tubes, which, arranged in the interior, can be flowed through by a first fluid and are optionally supported by additional support plates.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have integral ribs with a rib foot, rib flanks and rib tip formed on the outside of the tube and formed in a helical manner, and a channel with a channel base is formed between the ribs.
  • the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes at least one inlet on the outer shell, through which a second fluid can be introduced into the interior, and at least one outlet, through which the second fluid can be drained from the interior.
  • the shell and tube heat exchanger includes optionally at least one junction box arranged on the at least one tube sheet for distribution, deflection or collection of the first fluid.
  • the at least one tube sheet has recesses as passage points, each recess having an inner surface.
  • the heat exchanger tubes at least project with their outer ribbing into the recesses of the tube sheet, as a result of which a joint gap is formed between the inner surface of a recess and the outer ribbing of a heat exchanger tube located within the recess.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have a material connection with the tube plate by means of joining material and including the outer ribbing, which is only formed in a first section of the recess extending in the axial direction from the end face of a heat exchanger tube, in that the joining gap in this first section is filled with joining material is, so that a second section of the recess remains, in which the joint gap is not filled with joining material, wherein the heat exchanger tube in the region of the second section on the outside of the tube also has external ribbing.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have external ribbing within the passage points at which they pass into a tube sheet or through a tube sheet. This outer ribbing is surrounded by the material for a material connection and the passage of gas or liquid is thus hermetically sealed. For a pure material connection, combinations together with a force fit and a form fit can also be used in an advantageous manner.
  • the joining material penetrates into the joining gap in the axial direction only to a certain degree in a first partial section from the end face, since the outer ribs prevent free passage, as is the case with a smooth tube, for example.
  • the outer ribs consequently form barriers that must be flowed around or melted. The flow around is of particular importance in the joining processes of soldering and gluing.
  • the outer ribbing of the heat exchanger tube is partially melted on at the front.
  • the melt flow is then preferably stopped at one of the outer ribs as soon as the temperature of the melt is no longer sufficient to melt a rib lying further inside. This barrier stops further penetration of the melt into the joint gap. In this way, a defined flow process of the joining material is given during the joining process, which already completely closes the joint at or near the end face of the pipe.
  • a heat exchanger tube can also optionally have an internal structure.
  • the internal structure can be designed in the form of an internally circumferential helix with a predetermined helix angle.
  • the pitch of the encircling outer ribbing can be the same as, less than or greater than the pitch of the encircling helix predetermined by the twist angle.
  • the two structures can consequently differ in that for the integral connection of the outside of a heat exchanger tube to the container wall, the design of the external ribbing and the internal structure can be designed independently of one another and can thus be optimized.
  • the ratio of the maximum structure height of the outer ribbing and the maximum structure height of the inner structure is preferably in the range from 1.25 to 5 for condenser tubes and preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2 for evaporator tubes.
  • investment costs are to be saved, since the tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention can be built much more compactly.
  • the outer ribbing continues into the tube sheet, which means that the number of heat exchanger tubes per unit can be significantly reduced.
  • the finned tubes enable more efficient use of energy or the reduction of filling quantities, which lowers operating costs.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that an integral connection of the heat exchanger tubes to the tube sheets is achieved in a particularly reliable and low-cost manner with high quality.
  • a heat exchanger tube with its external ribbing on the outside enters the tube sheet or passes through the tube sheet. The outer ribbing then remains immediately adjacent to the material connection of the tubes with the tube sheet.
  • the first partial section filled with joining material can be less than 70% of the length of the entire joining gap in the axial direction.
  • the filled-in first section of the joint gap covers only less than 50% of the total length.
  • the clear width between the fin tips of a heat exchanger tube and the inner surface of the recess can be a maximum of 30% of the fin height measured from the bottom of the channel to the fin tip.
  • the barrier effect of the outer ribs is over this clear width varies.
  • the joining material can be introduced in a targeted manner via this clear width of the joining gap to form the filled first subsection.
  • Another flow channel for the joining material is the channel formed by the molded, helically circumferential, integral ribs.
  • the channel cross section is predetermined by the rib height and the distance between adjacent ribs and is usually less pronounced than the selected clear width.
  • the material connection can be gas-tight and pressure-resistant.
  • hermetic sealing to prevent fluid exchange with the environment is important in any mode of operation.
  • the heat exchanger tubes have a
  • Inner tube diameter D2 which is larger than the inner tube diameter D1 of the heat exchanger tubes outside the passage points.
  • the process is based on a widening of the heat exchanger tube resulting in an enlarged inner passage diameter D2.
  • the outer ribbing is then squeezed within a penetration point by a widening. Nevertheless, the material connection ensures a stable hermetic seal.
  • the heat exchanger tubes can be soldered, glued or welded into the tube sheet.
  • others can also be added which reliably join the heat exchanger tubes to the tube sheet by means of a materially bonded connection.
  • the outer ribbing on the outside of the heat exchanger tubes can preferably run in the circumferential direction or in the axial direction parallel to the tube axis.
  • the outside of the heat exchanger tubes can have external ribbing running around in a spiral. In the case of spiral external ribbing, only a residual gap and the channel that runs around spirally with external ribbing must be reliably sealed by the material connection.
  • At least one first heat exchanger tube can consist of a first material and at least one second heat exchanger tube can consist of a second material which differs from the first material.
  • steel pipes with particularly high strength can offer a particular advantage.
  • Copper tubes result in optimization with regard to efficient heat transfer.
  • Other materials such as titanium, aluminum, aluminum alloys and copper-nickel alloys can also be considered.
  • 1 shows a schematic side view of a tube bundle heat exchanger with a detailed view of a heat exchanger tube with external fins
  • 2 shows a schematic front view of a section of a tube sheet with a passage point
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic, detailed view of a section of a materially bonded connection of the tube sheet to a heat exchanger tube.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 schematically shows a side view of a tube bundle heat exchanger 1 with an enveloping outer shell 2 and two tube sheets 3 which together define an interior space 4 of the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 .
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 comprises a tube bundle with a multiplicity of heat exchanger tubes 5 which, arranged in the interior 4 , can be flowed through by a first fluid for heat transfer and are supported by additional support plates 6 . Such support plates 6 are also often used as guide plates for the flow of fluid.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 also includes connection boxes 7, which distribute, divert or collect the first fluid inside the heat exchanger tubes, depending on the requirement.
  • a heat exchanger tube 5 with external ribs 51 is enlarged. Integral ribs 51 encircling the tube axis A in a helical manner are formed on the outside of the tube by a otherwise known rolling process.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic front view of a section of a tube sheet 3 with passage points 31.
  • the recess is in the Tube plate 3 is preferably just large enough for a heat exchanger tube 5 to be introduced with its outer ribbing 51 and to be connected there with a material fit.
  • Welded, glued and soldered connections as a material connection 20 can be made at the passage point 31, starting from the end face, over a first partial section of the wall thickness of a tube plate 3 and enter into a fluid-tight connection.
  • an unfilled remainder of the joint gap in the tube base wall 3 remains, which is not visible in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a vertical section of the tube sheet 3 in the plane of the passage point 31 of a heat exchanger tube 5.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 shown has external ribbing 51 on the outside.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 passes through the tube plate 3 at the recess 31 as a passage point in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 has continuous outer ribbing 51.
  • a material connection 20 that has not yet been introduced in Figure 3, for example in the form of a continuous weld seam around the tube circumference with the tube sheet 3, is located after the joining process in a partial section of the joining gap 10.
  • Laser welding in particular is a suitable method for producing a material connection with a locally limited melt flow.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a detailed view of a section of a material connection 20 of the tube sheet 3 with a heat exchanger tube 5.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 is inserted in the direction of the tube axis A into the recess 31 made in the tube sheet 3 and closes with the end face 53 the outer tube sheet surface.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 5 have integral ribs 51 with rib base 511 , rib flanks 512 and rib tip 513 which are formed on the outside of the tube and run in the shape of a helical line.
  • a channel 52 with a channel base 521 is formed between adjacent ribs 51 .
  • a weld seam is shown as the integral connection 20, which is formed, for example, during laser welding.
  • suitable filler metals are used when joining. In this way, the flow of material and the quantity can be precisely matched to the desired joint.
  • certain areas of the tube sheet 3 as well as some outer ribs 51 on the heat exchanger tube 5 are at least partially melted and integrated as a joining material 20 due to the heat input from a laser.
  • the melt enters the joining gap 10 starting from the end face 53, but is blocked after a certain penetration depth, so that only a first partial section 101 on the end face of the joining gap 10, including the outer ribbing 51, is filled.
  • a rib 51 prevents further passage of the melt, which is no longer melted or flows around due to the decreasing temperature at the melt front and thus functions as a barrier. In this way, a defined flow process of the joining material 20 is given during the joining process, which can already completely close the joint at or near the end face 53 of the pipe.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 5 thus have an integral connection 20 with the tube plate 3 which is only formed in a first partial section 101 of the recess 31 extending from the end face 53 of a heat exchanger tube 5 in the axial direction.
  • a second section 102 of the recess 31 is not filled with joining material.
  • the heat exchanger tube 5 also has external ribbing 51 on the outside of the tube.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à faisceau tubulaire (1) qui comprend une plaque tubulaire (3), définissant un espace intérieur (4) de l'échangeur de chaleur à faisceau tubulaire (1). Ledit échangeur de chaleur à faisceau tubulaire comprend un faisceau tubulaire qui possède une pluralité de tubes d'échangeur de chaleur (5) qui sont situés dans l'espace intérieur (4) et à travers lesquels s'écoule un premier fluide, les tubes étant sélectivement portés par des tôles de support (6) supplémentaires. Les tubes d'échangeur de chaleur (5) présentent des nervures (51) intégrées circonférentielles hélicoïdales formées sur l'extérieur du tube, qui comportent une base, des flancs et un sommet, un canal comportant un fond étant formé entre ces nervures (51). La plaque tubulaire (3) comprend des évidements faisant office de points de passage, chaque évidement présentant une surface intérieure. Les nervures extérieures (51) des tubes d'échangeur de chaleur (5) font saillie au moins dans les évidements de la plaque tubulaire (3), un espace de liaison étant ainsi respectivement formé entre la surface intérieure d'un évidement et la nervure extérieure (51) d'un tube d'échangeur de chaleur (5), qui se situe à l'intérieur de l'évidement. Les tubes d'échangeur de chaleur (5) sont liés par liaison de matière à la plaque tubulaire (3) au moyen d'un matériau d'assemblage et en prenant en compte les nervures extérieures (51), cette liaison de matière étant uniquement formée dans une première partie partielle de l'évidement qui s'étend à partir de la face frontale d'un tube d'échange de chaleur (5) dans la direction axiale, l'espace d'assemblage dans cette première partie partielle étant rempli par un matériau d'assemblage, de façon qu'il reste une deuxième partie partielle de l'évidement dans laquelle l'espace d'assemblage n'est pas rempli par le matériau d'assemblage, le tube d'échangeur de chaleur (5) comprenant en outre une nervure extérieure (51) sur l'extérieur du tube dans la zone de la deuxième partie partielle.
EP21798942.5A 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Échangeur de chaleur à faisceau tubulaire Pending EP4248160A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020007022 2020-11-17
PCT/EP2021/000127 WO2022106045A1 (fr) 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Échangeur de chaleur à faisceau tubulaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4248160A1 true EP4248160A1 (fr) 2023-09-27

Family

ID=78413965

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21798942.5A Pending EP4248160A1 (fr) 2020-11-17 2021-10-21 Échangeur de chaleur à faisceau tubulaire

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20230392871A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4248160A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2023548673A (fr)
KR (1) KR20230110247A (fr)
CN (1) CN116670459A (fr)
CA (1) CA3195755A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2023005414A (fr)
TW (1) TW202227771A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022106045A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001342909A (ja) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-14 Hino Motors Ltd Ｅｇｒクーラ
DE102006031606A1 (de) 2006-07-06 2008-01-17 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmetauscher zur Abgaskühlung, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers
US20080235950A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Wolverine Tube, Inc. Condensing tube with corrugated fins
SE534011C2 (sv) * 2008-09-22 2011-03-29 K A Ekstroem & Son Ab Värmeväxlare och kimröksproduktionsanläggning anpassad för produktion av kimrök
US10751844B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2020-08-25 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for connecting tubes of a shell and tube heat exchanger to a tube bottom of the shell and tube heat exchanger
ITUB20159298A1 (it) * 2015-12-23 2017-06-23 Brembana & Rolle S P A Scambiatore di calore a fascio tubiero e mantello, tubi alettati per tale scambiatore e relativo metodo di produzione.
RU2718393C2 (ru) 2016-01-19 2020-04-02 Линде Акциенгезельшафт Способ соединения трубок кожухотрубного теплообменника с трубной решеткой кожухотрубного теплообменника

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW202227771A (zh) 2022-07-16
WO2022106045A1 (fr) 2022-05-27
MX2023005414A (es) 2023-05-22
CA3195755A1 (fr) 2022-05-27
JP2023548673A (ja) 2023-11-20
CN116670459A (zh) 2023-08-29
US20230392871A1 (en) 2023-12-07
KR20230110247A (ko) 2023-07-21

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