EP4246082A1 - Breechblock head for a hunting or sport weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

Hunting or sporting weapon with a breech consisting of several components, which belongs to the group of cylinder or straight-pull or twist breechs, which consists of at least a firing pin or a hammer, a firing pin spring, an extractor (2) and a breech head (1), wherein the breech head (1) is interchangeably received with a holding means in a breech-side receiving sleeve (8), which is fastened in a breech slide (46) that can be moved and locked along the weapon, the breech head (1) being displaced when the breech slide (46 ) in a then released ejection opening (47) is freely accessible from the front at least in the firing direction and can be removed and fixed from the receiving sleeve (8) on the closure side.

Description

The subject of the invention is a bolt head of a hunting or sporting weapon as part of a weapon bolt according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

The breech is an assembly of a breech loader and closes the barrel to the rear. The closure prevents propellant gases from escaping to the rear. It must be stable enough to withstand the pressure of these gases. In weapons for cartridge or cartridge ammunition, the cartridges or cartridges are fixed in the barrel by the breech and the seal is achieved by lidding the case material. The breech must therefore maintain the seal or support of the cartridge during the firing and must not open before the gas pressure has dropped to a safe value.

As a locking system, the lock can take on other functions such as loading, firing, securing and unloading the weapon.

• Schlagbolzen, auch separates Schlagstück
• Schlagbolzenfeder
• Auszieher (Auszieherkralle)
• Gasabnahme (bei Verschlussentlastungen automatischer Waffen)
• Sicherung (verschiedene Schlagbolzensicherungen und Schlagstücksicherungen)

The closure itself may consist of various individual parts and thus forms a closure system. For example, the following parts can be found in closure systems:

• Firing pin, also separate hammer
• firing pin spring
• Extractor (extractor claw)
• Gas release (when releasing the breech of automatic weapons)
• Safety (various firing pin safeties and hammer safeties)

1. 1. Ein Zylinderverschluss wird auch als Kammerverschluss bezeichnet. Er wird in diversen Varianten hergestellt, das Prinzip der Verriegelung ist jedoch immer dasselbe. Zum Entriegeln muss der Verschluss mit dem Kammerstängel gedreht werden, bevor er geöffnet werden kann. Die Verriegelung erfolgt entweder über eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Verriegelungselementen (Warzen, Nocken oder Gewindekämme), die in entsprechende Aussparungen im Lauf oder der Systemhülse greifen. Bei Kleinkaliberwaffen erfolgt sie oft nur über den Kammerstängel, der in eine entsprechende Aussparung seitlich in der Systemhülse greift. Am weitesten verbreitet und kopiert ist das Mauserschloss (Mauser System 98, K98), das noch heute als Endpunkt eines Prinzips gelten kann.

The invention is based on a closure which can consist of the following subgroups:

1. 1. A cylinder breech is also known as a chamber breech. It is manufactured in various versions, but the principle of locking is always the same. To unlock, the bolt must be turned with the bolt handle before it can be opened. Locking occurs either via a different number of locking elements (lugs, cams or thread combs) that engage in corresponding recesses in the barrel or the system sleeve. With small-caliber weapons, this is often only done via the bolt handle, which engages in a corresponding recess on the side of the receiver. The most widespread and copied is the Mauser lock (Mauser System 98, K98), which can still be considered the end point of a principle today.

The locking elements are not attached perpendicular to the axis of rotation, but rather at a slightly helical angle. The rotation when unlocking the shutter causes it to move back by 1 to 2 mm, which loosens the sleeve via the extractor, this is also called forced extraction. This primary extraction significantly reduces the effort needed to reload.

2. One variant is the straight pull fasteners. With these, the rotation of the chamber or the locking sleeve belonging to the chamber does not take place directly via the chamber stem, but rather via a loading lever, which sets the chamber or locking sleeve in rotation via a correspondingly milled link. also swivel head closure.

3. Swivel head locks work similarly to cylinder head locks.

In all variants, an exchangeable bolt head is particularly advantageous when a caliber group change is to take place, which means that when a specific first caliber is changed to a second caliber, the bolt head must be replaced, as does the barrel and the magazine. Further advantages of interchangeable bolt heads are that when the bolt head is removed, the weapon is rendered unusable and this represents a special safety feature.

Interchangeable bolt heads for hunting or sporting weapons have become known in several versions. For example, the Blaser R8 weapon type uses a bolt head that can be changed, but requires the bolt slide to be completely removed.

https://www.blaser.de/produkte/ Waffen/repetierbuechse-r8/

With the Blaser R8 weapon, the bolt head is changed in such a way that the entire bolt slide must be removed towards the rear in the direction of the buttstock by pulling it completely out of the weapon and pulling it off. It must then be turned 180° until its underside is accessible, and on the underside a locking latch called a chamber lock is accessible. The locking latch is operated with your finger when swiveling up, in order to then pull the locking head out of the locking slide that has been removed from the weapon after this chamber lock has been activated.

This involves a considerable amount of work, and when removing the breech slide from the weapon there is the further disadvantage that the remaining parts of the weapon, which are adjusted to a specific user, also have to be brought into a rest position, such as: B. the back of the stock with the molded cheekpiece, which is adjusted specifically to the shooter's stop. This arrangement must also be brought into a rest position to enable the breech slide to be completely removed from the weapon.

With the well-known cylinder closures, such as e.g. For example, in a weapon type Sauer 404 from the Sauer company, a bolt head is installed in a completely inaccessible manner, which means that the entire chamber must also be removed in order to make the bolt head accessible and ultimately be able to be removed.

https://www.sauer.de/wp-content/uploads/S_404BA-02_Einl_D_Web_RZ.pdf

The problem of changing calibers is also addressed DE 39 06 496 A1 . The publication proposes a barrel changing unit, a cylinder lock changing unit and a magazine changing unit. To change the caliber, the barrel is first removed with the breech open. The locking head is then removed by removing a stud screw from the guide bearing taken out. However, this comes with the disadvantage that the barrel must be completely removed to access a stud screw holding the bolt head.

The invention is therefore based on the preamble of independent claim 1 DE 39 06 496 A1 or the weapon type R8 from Blaser or the weapon type Sauer 404 from Sauer, which describe a hunting or sporting weapon with a bolt consisting of several components from the group of cylinder bolts or straight-pull bolts, which consists of at least one firing pin or a hammer, a firing pin spring, an extractor and a breech head, the breech head being interchangeably received with a holding means in a breech-side receiving sleeve, the breech head being fastened in a breech slide that can be moved and locked along the weapon.

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a breech head of a hunting or sporting weapon in such a way that it can be replaced without removing the breech slide or the chamber or the barrel.

To solve the problem, the invention is characterized by the technical teaching of claim 1.

With this technical teaching, the advantage is achieved of making the locking head accessible from the front without removing the locking slide or the chamber in order to move it from a locking position to a removal position.

An advantageous feature of the invention is that, according to the invention, the breech head can be removed and installed in the firing direction, ie in the axial direction of its longitudinal extent, without there being a need for the breech slide or the chamber or the barrel itself to be removed from the weapon. This means that it is no longer necessary to make the locking head accessible from the underside of the removed locking carriage in order to be able to remove it.

With the technical teaching of the invention, there is the advantage that the breech head can be quickly removed without the need for further removal measures, such as the removal of the breech slide or the chamber. In a further development of the invention it is provided that a manually operable locking button for the releasable and lockable fixing of the closure head is accessible on a receiving sleeve arranged on the front of the closure head.

This has the further advantage that the latching button can be actuated with a finger pressure, the latching button being arranged in the area of a receiving sleeve, which is part of the receiving housing for the closure head.

Such a locking button is preferably spring-loaded and preferably works together with a closure element, which in a preferred embodiment consists of a spring-loaded, radially displaceable wedge which, in the closed position, creates a lock between the inner circumference of the receiving sleeve and the outer circumference of the closure head. Instead of a rectangular or square-shaped wedge, a pin-shaped or round-shaped wedge can also be used.

According to a preferred feature of the invention, it is provided that the latching button for releasably locking the locking head is designed as a separate component. This is the subject of claim 3. This is particularly preferred for types of weapons that do not have an extractor.

In another preferred embodiment, however, it is provided that the locking button is part of the extractor. This is the subject of claim 4.

The extractor is, in a known manner, part of the locking systems of firearms. Other names are extractor claw or extractor hook. The extractor is typically claw or hook-shaped and is resiliently mounted in the movable part of the locking system. The claw or hook engages through a recess in the idle state (lock is locked). end of the cartridge chamber into the designated groove (edge) or edge of the cartridge case in order to pull it out of the cartridge case when the movable part of the breech system moves backwards after the shot has been fired. The cartridge case then hits the ejector, which moves it out of the breech system and thus out of the weapon.

On weapons with an unlocked spring-mass bolt, the extractor can also be missing because it is not needed. There the gas pressure pushes the empty case backwards out of the chamber against the bolt head, thus initiating the repeating cycle.

In the invention, the extractor is preferably a two-armed swivel button, which serves to extract the cartridge in the chamber when the breech slide or chamber is opened and to eject it using the ejector.

According to this preferred exemplary embodiment, the extractor, which is already present in a weapon, has a dual function, namely firstly for extracting the fired cartridge and secondly for actuating the catch for the bolt head. The previously mentioned locking button is therefore part of the extractor.

If the extractor is missing in another embodiment, in this case a separate actuation button can be provided for unlocking the locking head.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that a spring-loaded lock is provided for the closure head, which lock works with a locking wedge which can be displaced in the radial direction in the closure head and which is displaceable and spring-loaded in an associated radially aligned locking groove in the closure head and a locking connection with the receiving sleeve on the locking side. This locking connection is preferably designed to be form-fitting.

Instead of a lock for the locking head, which can be released and actuated with a locking button, other locking or locking mechanisms can also be used to hold the replaceable locking head in the locking-side receiving housing.

Latching locking connections can therefore also be provided.

The invention is therefore not limited to such a spring-loaded locking wedge that can be actuated radially from the head side of the closure head and the receiving sleeve. Preferably latching latching devices arranged elsewhere can also be used for the closure head, in particular ball latching devices. There are a number of balls that are evenly distributed on the housing-side circumference and held in a ball cage, which are pressed inwards in the radial direction by a spring band surrounding the outer circumference of the balls. The spring-loaded balls engage in the radial direction in an associated annular receiving groove on the rear side of the closure head and thus establish a locking connection with the receiving housing. This locking connection is actuated by axial or vertical pressure or tension on the locking head.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that an external thread is arranged on a rear axial extension of the closure head, which interacts with an associated internal thread in the area of the receiving sleeve. With a tool wrench, another tool or by hand, a certain position-locked rotational position can then be assumed by rotating the locking head in the receiving sleeve, with which the locking head is secured in position or unlocked. The threaded screw connection can also be designed as a high-helix thread or as a bayonet screw connection.

What the locking mechanisms described as examples have in common is that they can be actuated frontally from the front - i.e. from the front of the locking head and the receiving sleeve when the lock is open - preferably with the fingers of one hand or with a tool in order to open the locking slide or opened chamber, the bolt head can be easily replaced from the front from the ejection opening made clear by the opened bolt slide.

The term “ejection opening” is understood to mean the free space that is created when the breech slide or the chamber in which the receiving sleeve is arranged together with the breech head, which is housed there in a detachable and lockable manner, is pulled backwards towards the buttstock, so on to open the ejection opening. There is then the possibility of using a finger or, alternatively, a tool, to pull the bolt head forward out of the ejection opening via the ejection opening in the firing direction and to exchange it for another bolt head.

Due to the fact that the invention has the advantage that no additional weapon parts - e.g. the bolt slide or the chamber or the barrel itself - have to be removed or changed, there is the further advantage that the bolt guide for the bolt slide on the weapon can be made very stable and compact because there is no need to remove the bolt slide or the chamber .

The breech slide or the chamber can therefore be guided over its entire length with close tolerances in an internal breech guide on the weapon side and thereby results in a particularly stable longitudinal guide for the breech slide or the chamber, while in the prior art this rail guide is disadvantageously extended towards the front, in order to be able to pull the breech slide out of the weapon-side rail guide, which is not necessary with the invention.

In the prior art, the bolt guide with the bolt slide or the chamber goes out into the rear, which additionally requires that the shooter-specific measures on the weapon have to be changed when the bolt slide or the chamber is removed. For the For example, the back of the stock must be folded in, which includes a shooter-specific adjustment of the stop.

Due to the fact that the breech slide or chamber does not need to be removed, there are further advantages to the invention. In the prior art, it is necessary that the slide guide for the locking slide or the chamber is excessively elongated because the locking slide or the chamber has to be pulled out beyond the locking housing, whereas in the invention the locking slide always remains in the housing and thus a a much shorter or more compact rail guide is required. This means that the rail guide can be designed more precisely because it does not have to be aligned with the easiest possible removal of the locking carriage.

This is also associated with a reduced risk of contamination, as had to be accepted with the state of the art. It was known that during the repeating process, in which the shutter slide has to be moved over its full displacement length, disruptions occurred due to the contamination present, which are avoided with the invention.

The invention also lacks parts on the breech slide that disadvantageously protrude forward from the quickly removable breech head, as would have to be accepted in the prior art, which is considered to be disadvantageous, particularly in the case of the Blaser R8 weapon type. These thin guide rails, which protrude forward over the locking head, can bend and thus massively impair the locking slide guide - which is already not precise and not stable - or cause it to jam.

The invention therefore solves the problem with particularly simple means of developing a quick-change breech head of a hunting or sporting weapon in such a way that it can be removed directly from the front of the breech slide or chamber that is moved to the rear from the ejection opening formed thereby and can also be used again directly can be, without the need to completely remove the slide or chamber or barrel from the weapon.

The subject matter of the present invention arises not only from the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also from the combination of the individual patent claims with one another.

All information and features disclosed in the documents, including the summary, in particular the spatial configuration shown in the drawings, could be claimed as essential to the invention if, individually or in combination, they are new compared to the prior art. The use of the terms “essential” or “according to the invention” or “essential to the invention” is subjective and does not imply that the features so named must necessarily be part of one or more patent claims.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings showing only one embodiment. The drawings and their description reveal further features and advantages of the invention that are essential to the invention.

Figur 1:

perspektivische Seitenansicht einer Jagd- oder Sportwaffe mit geöffnetem Verschluss

Figur 2:

eine Detailansicht aus Figur 1

Figur 3:

perspektivische Seitenansicht einer Jagd- oder Sportwaffe mit geöffnetem Verschluss und freigegebener Auswurföffnung, wobei die Entnahmestellung des Verschlusskopfes sichtbar ist

Figur 4:

eine Detailansicht aus Figur 3

Figur 5:

Gesamtansicht Verschlussschlitten komplett mit Verschlusskopf

Figur 6:

eine Draufsicht auf den Verschlusskopf, der in einer Aufnahmehülse eingesetzt und dort verriegelt ist

Figur 7:

Schnittansicht durch die Anordnung nach Figur 6 mit einem in die Aufnahmehülse verriegelt eingesetzten Verschlusskopf

Figur 8:

eine Detaildarstellung aus Figur 7

Figur 9:

die Frontalansicht des Verschlusskopfes

Figur 10:

die perspektivische Ansicht des Verschlusskopfes im verriegelten Zustand in der Aufnahmehülse

Figur 11:

die Ansicht des Verschlusskopfes und Aufnahmehülse im entriegelten Zustand

Figur 12:

eine Schnittdarstellung durch den Verschlusskopf mit Aufnahmehülse im entriegelten Zustand bei betätigtem Auszieher

Figur 13:

die Frontalansicht des Verschlusskopfes

Figur 14:

eine Detaildarstellung aus Figur 12

Figur 15:

die perspektivische Ansicht des entriegelten Verschlusskopfes in der Aufnahmehülse

Figur 16:

die Entnahmestellung des Verschlusskopfes aus der Aufnahmehülse in perspektivischer Seitenansicht

Figur 17:

Aufnahmehülse ohne Verschlusskopf in perspektivischer Ansicht

Figur 18:

eine weitere perspektivische Darstellung der beiden Teile in der Lösestellung bei Darstellung der asymmetrischen Aufnahme

Figur 19:

die um 90° gedrehte Ansicht gemäß Figur 16

Figur 20:

die um 90° gedrehte Ansicht gemäß Figur 17

Figur 21:

die Draufsicht auf den Verschlusskopf mit Aufnahmehülse

Figur 22:

Schnitt gemäß der Linie B-B in Figur 21 mit Darstellung der Verriegelungs- oder Rasteinrichtung

Figur 23:

die Draufsicht auf den Verschlusskopf mit Aufnahmehülse

Figur 24:

Schnitt gemäß der Linie A-A in Figur 23 und eine weitere schematisierte Darstellung, bei der statt der federbelasteten Rastung mit dem Verriegelungskeil eine Schraubverbindung zwischen dem Verschlusskopf und dem Aufnahmegehäuse vorhanden ist

Figur 25:

die Draufsicht auf den Verschlusskopf mit Aufnahmehülse

Figur 26:

Schnitt gemäß der Linie B-B in Figur 25 und eine Alternative einer Rastvorrichtung für die lösbare Festlegung des Verschlusskopfes in der Aufnahmehülse mit einem schematisiert dargestellten federbelasteten Kugelkäfig, der in eine zugeordnete ringsum laufende Rastnut am Außenumfang des Verschlusskopfes einrastbar ist

Show it:

Figure 1:

Perspective side view of a hunting or sporting weapon with the slide open

Figure 2:

a detailed view Figure 1

Figure 3:

Perspective side view of a hunting or sporting weapon with the bolt open and the ejection opening released, with the removal position of the bolt head visible

Figure 4:

a detailed view Figure 3

Figure 5:

Overall view of the locking carriage complete with locking head

Figure 6:

a top view of the locking head, which is inserted into a receiving sleeve and locked there

Figure 7:

Sectional view through the arrangement Figure 6 with a locking head inserted locked into the receiving sleeve

Figure 8:

a detailed representation Figure 7

Figure 9:

the frontal view of the bolt head

Figure 10:

The perspective view of the locking head in the locked state in the receiving sleeve

Figure 11:

the view of the locking head and receiving sleeve in the unlocked state

Figure 12:

a sectional view through the locking head with receiving sleeve in the unlocked state with the extractor activated

Figure 13:

the frontal view of the bolt head

Figure 14:

a detailed representation Figure 12

Figure 15:

the perspective view of the unlocked bolt head in the receiving sleeve

Figure 16:

The removal position of the closure head from the receiving sleeve in a perspective side view

Figure 17:

Receiver sleeve without locking head in perspective view

Figure 18:

Another perspective view of the two parts in the release position showing the asymmetrical recording

Figure 19:

the view rotated by 90° Figure 16

Figure 20:

the view rotated by 90° Figure 17

Figure 21:

the top view of the locking head with receiving sleeve

Figure 22:

Cut according to line BB in Figure 21 with representation of the locking or latching device

Figure 23:

the top view of the locking head with receiving sleeve

Figure 24:

Cut along line AA in Figure 23 and a further schematic representation, in which instead of the spring-loaded detent with the locking wedge there is a screw connection between the closure head and the receiving housing

Figure 25:

the top view of the locking head with receiving sleeve

Figure 26:

Cut according to line BB in Figure 25 and an alternative of a locking device for the releasable fixing of the closure head in the receiving sleeve with a spring-loaded ball cage, shown schematically, which can be snapped into an assigned locking groove running all around on the outer circumference of the closure head

In Figure 1 A hunting or sporting weapon 45 is shown, which in the exemplary embodiment shown consists of a weapon barrel 35 which forms a front weapon barrel muzzle 43. The weapon barrel is covered in the front area by the forend 36 and ends in a barrel holder 30, which is also referred to as a monoblock. The barrel recording 30 is included in the system box 33. The system box 33 contains the magazine, not shown, as well as the shutter guide 25 for a shutter slide 46, which is in The arrow direction 18 enables the closure head to be removed from the closure head 1. In this state the closure is according to the Figures 1, 2 , 3 and 4 opened, as can be seen in the view 54 with the opened ejection opening 47, the closure carriage 46 being moved backwards in the direction of the arrow 18 'in order to release the ejection opening 47, as shown in the detailed view 55 of 54. The closure head 1 is also visible here, which according to the invention can be removed in the open ejection opening 47 without any additional aids and without tools.

On the right side of the weapon 45 is in Figure 2 The bolt handle 31 (bolt handle), which is intended for locking and repeating the locking slide 46, is still hidden. A telescope 34 can be attached to the weapon barrel 35.

Figure 5 shows the shutter carriage 46 in which a shutter housing 32 and a shutter guide cover 58 are arranged. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the closure housing 32 consists of a receiving sleeve 8, in the interior of which the closure head 1 is detachably and lockably accommodated, which, according to a preferred embodiment, can be accessed and replaced forwards in the firing direction without tools via the ejection opening 47. The guides 57 and 56 are also shown, which slide in the guides 25 in the system box 33.

In a manner known per se, a trigger guard 37 with a trigger 38 mounted therein is attached to the system box 33, and there is preferably a pistol grip 39, the magazine preferably being arranged above the pistol grip 39 and not being shown in more detail. The magazine is preferably arranged vertically in alignment below the ejection opening 47.

In this preferred embodiment of the hunting or sporting weapon according to the Figures 1 to 4 The magazine is therefore arranged above the pistol grip 39 and aligned with the ejection opening 47 on the system box 33.

However, in another embodiment not shown in the drawing, it can also be provided that a magazine, not shown in detail, is in Firing direction is arranged in front of the pistol grip 39 and is arranged above the trigger guard 37, in which case the ejection opening 47 is also arranged above the trigger guard 37. In this embodiment, too, nothing changes in the advantageous measure of the invention that in this case too the closure carriage 46 with the forward-facing closure head 1 defines the right side of the ejection opening 47 and the closure head 1 preferably, without tools, from its closure-side receiving sleeve 8 in the closure carriage 46 can be removed.

The breech slide 46 with the forward-facing breech head 1 defines the left side of the ejection opening 47. This works for weapons with right-hand or left-hand systems.

In the Figures 1 and 2 The weapon 45 shown has, in a manner known per se, a buttstock 40 which is closed at the rear by a buttplate 41, with a vertically adjustable stock ridge 42 being arranged on the buttstock 40, which can be attached to rest on the shooter's cheek. This means that the optimal stop for the shooter is achieved.

The Figure 1 shows detail 29 of the view in Figure 2 , where further details of the invention can be found.

The breech head 1 can therefore be removed forward in the firing direction in the direction of arrow 18 when the ejection opening 47 is released by the displacement of the breech slide 46 in the direction of arrow 18 '.

As a result, the ejection opening 47 becomes free, and the left boundary of the ejection opening 47 is formed by the wall of the barrel receptacle 30, while the right boundary is at least partially formed by the receiving sleeve 8, so that the breech head 1 preferably emerges from this free space, without tools by actuating a The catch or locking button that will be explained later can be found.

The Figures 6 to 10 show the locked state of the locking head 1 in a receiving sleeve 8, which is part of the locking carriage 46, it being pointed out that the locking slide 46 according to Figure 4 is guided in a weapon-side breech guide 25, which represents the slide guide for the breech slide 46.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, moreover, from the Figure 4 It can be seen that the breech housing 32 can be moved as part of the breech slide 46 under the back of the stock 42, whereby the usable length of the weapon is significantly shortened. This allows a shorter buttstock 40 to be realized because the firing slide 46 with its locking guide 25 extends under the back of the stock 42 in the open position. This improves the handling of the weapon.

The locking position for the locking head 1 according to the Figures 6 to 10 is characterized in that the locking head 1 is locked in a spring-loaded manner in the receiving sleeve 8 using a spring-loaded locking button. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this locking button is designed as an extractor 2, which means that the extractor 2 has a dual function, because on the one hand it serves to extract the cartridge from the cartridge chamber and on the other hand the extractor 2 preferably serves as a two-armed locking lever for the locking locking of the bolt head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8. For this purpose, the extractor 2, which is designed as a two-armed lever, is provided on the front side with an actuating surface 19 on its front lever arm and by engaging this actuating surface with a finger, it can be lifted in the area of the extractor groove 19a in the direction of the arrow 12. The opposite end of the lever engages with its nose, which is extended in the axial direction, into an assigned receiving groove on a locking wedge 5. It is actuated by downward pressure. This takes place against the force of a locking spring 10, which is in Figure 8 is shown. In the rest position, the locking spring 20 pushes the lever end of the extractor 2 upwards, in the direction 13 ', whereby the locking position of the locking wedge 5 in the locking sleeve 8 on the locking side is spring-loaded in the locking groove 28, remains upright and remains secured even in the event of vibrations in order to avoid unintentional displacement when locked.

According to a preferred feature of the invention, it is provided that the entire locking device for actuating the closure head 1 is arranged in the closure head itself and is therefore removed when the closure head 1 is removed. For this purpose, it is provided that the extractor 2 is accommodated with its pivot axis 3 in the locking head 1, so that when the actuating surface 19 is actuated in the direction of the arrow 12, the locking wedge 5 is displaced downwards in the direction of the arrow 13. This is the unlocked position, which is in the Figures 11 to 15 is shown.

The number 9 shows the firing pin hole 9, through which the firing pin passes centrally through the bolt head 1. The helical compression spring 14 is the ejector spring 14 for the ejector 10.

Accordingly, due to the spring force of the spring 14, the pin-shaped ejector 10 ejects the cartridge held in the area of the bolt head 1 from the back after opening the breech slide or the chamber, the cartridge being held in the extractor 2.

It should also be noted that reference number 4 shows a groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the closure head 1, in the area of which the two-armed extractor 2 is spring-loaded.

The nose of the extractor 2 engages in an assigned driver groove 6 in the area of the locking wedge 5.

The reference number 7 shows the driving nose of the extractor 2, which engages in the driving groove 6 of the locking wedge 5.

On the back of the receiving sleeve 8 there is a bolt handle receiving hole 17, into which the bolt handle 31 engages in order to control the entire displacement guide for the repeating process and the displacement of the entire Unit on the shutter housing 32 and shutter carriage 46 in the shutter guide 25 to enable.

On the front of the closure head 1, closure lugs 11 are arranged in a plane, which are directed axially forward and at a mutual distance from one another and which form gaps evenly distributed between them on the circumference. These breech lugs 11 lock the breech head 1 in the barrel receiver 30 (monoblock) and transfer the load of the gas charge to the breech.

Based on Figures 11 to 15 the unlocking is shown, with the unlocking direction 13 being opposite to the locking direction 13 '.

Figure 11 shows the top view of the unlocked locking head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8, and the Figures 12 to 15 show the unlocked position. It can be seen that the actuating surface 19 is raised against the spring force of the locking springs 20, according to Figure 22 the locking springs 20 are arranged in pairs in a preferred embodiment.

In the raised position according to the Figures 11 to 15 The extractor 2 pulls the locking wedge 5 downwards with its rear lever arm against the spring force of the two locking springs 20, so that according to Figures 12 and 14 the locking wedge 5 comes out of engagement with the locking groove 28 and thus the locking head 1 can be removed forward in the direction of arrow 18 from the ejection opening 47 without tools.

It should also be noted that the ejector spring 14 is mounted in an ejector bore 15, which is part of the closure head 1.

It is not shown in the drawing that a firing pin lock can be arranged in the interior of the closure head 1, which can be operated manually using a hand-operated button, not shown.

In the Figures 16 to 20 The perspective views are shown that arise when the closure head 1 is removed from the receiving sleeve 8.

It can be seen that a positionally secure and unmistakable, as well as arbitrarily non-rotatable assignment of the closure head 1 to the receiving sleeve 8 is always guaranteed. The locking head can therefore only be inserted into the receiving housing in a single rotational position.

For this purpose, a driving surface 21 is formed on the rear end face of the cylindrical circumference of the receiving shaft 23 and in the area of the receiving shaft 23 a locking groove 28 is arranged for the engagement of the locking wedge 5.

Out of Figure 16 combined with Figure 18 It can be seen that the asymmetrical receiving attachment 27 forms a previously mentioned driving surface 21 and thereby engages in the keyhole-shaped asymmetrical receiving pocket 26 on the bottom of the receiving sleeve 8. This means that the closure head 1 can be fixed in a single installation position in the receiving housing.

Overall, the receiving sleeve 8 forms a cylindrical receiving bore 24, into which the likewise cylindrical closure head 1 is inserted centrally. The cylindrical receiving shaft 23 therefore fits flush into the associated receiving hole 24 in the area of the receiving sleeve 8.

Out of Figure 19 It can also be seen that when the locking head 1 is assembled, the locking wedge 5 comes into contact with the locking groove 22 of the receiving sleeve 8 in order to ensure a mutual radial locking between the locking head 1 and the locking sleeve 8 on the locking side.

The Figures 21 and 22 show the locked position of the locking head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8, where it can be seen that the locking wedge 5 is inserted spring-loaded into the locking groove 22 with radially directed locking springs 20 arranged in pairs next to one another. A displacement play that makes the displacement smooth can be provided, Because when the shot is fired, the actual force is transferred from the breech head 1 to the breech housing via the support surfaces 53 on the back of the breech lugs 11, with the support surfaces 53 resting oppositely on the associated wall of the barrel receptacle 30 in a load-transmitting manner.

For this reason, the locking or latching according to the invention of the bolt head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8 of the bolt slide 46 is not exposed to large impact forces, but only serves to simply lock and secure the position of the bolt head 1 in the receiving housing 8. The locking force only has to be sufficient to remove the fired cartridge from the Pull out the cartridge chamber and eject it from the ejection opening 47.

Because these support surfaces 53 are advantageously present six times, because six locking lugs 11 are present in the same plane, there is a large-area force transmission of the propellant charge to the locking housing due to the large locking surface formed here. The six locking lugs also result in a small opening angle of the closure of 30° and not the usual opening angle of 60°. This results in a fast repeating speed that is in no way inferior to a straight-pull shutter.

It is preferred if the receiving sleeve 8 is also accommodated in the closure housing 32 so that it cannot rotate. The asymmetrical anti-rotation device 44 is used for this purpose in the form of an asymmetrical projection, which engages in an associated groove in the closure housing 32, so that the receiving sleeve 8 is also held in the closure housing so that it cannot rotate.

The Figures 21 and 22 show the locked position of the locking head 1 with the locking springs 20, preferably arranged in pairs, which act with great holding force on the locking wedge 5 and hold it in the radial direction in the locking groove 22 in the receiving sleeve 8 in order to avoid undesirable actuation of the locking device when the shot is fired .

The Figures 23 to 26 show further embodiments which schematically show that instead of a single radially directed, spring-loaded locking with a locking wedge 5, there are also other releasable and lockable fastenings for the locking head 1 in the receiving sleeve 8.

What is characteristic of all the alternative types of fastening shown there is that, in these embodiments, the breech head 1 can also be operated from the front in the open ejection opening 47 in order to be able to easily remove and replace it, without removing the breech slide 46 or the chamber from the weapon to remove.

This is how it shows Figure 26 As a schematic example, a ball cage can also be present in which there are a number of balls arranged evenly distributed around the circumference, which balls are pressed radially inward in the circumferential direction from the outside with a spring band 50 into an associated circumferential annular groove 51 in the area of the receiving shaft 23 become.

This spring-loaded ball detent can be triggered and released by pressure and/or impact on the locking head 1.

If such a spring-loaded ball detent with ball cage 49, spring band 50 and annular groove 51 is present, the further details, preferably the locking wedge 5, can of course be omitted. The extractor 2 then only serves to extract the cartridge, but does not have a dual function as in the first-mentioned exemplary embodiment.

Of course, the locking device with the locking wedge 5 can also be actuated by a separate locking button, whereby the dual function of the extractor 2 is not used. In this case, the extractor 2 would be present as a first part and next to it there is a separate button, which is not shown here, which actuates the spring-loaded locking wedge 5.

In another embodiment, if the locking wedge 5 is omitted, according to Figure 24 It can be provided that the receiving shaft 23 is fixed with a threaded screw connection 48 or a bayonet screw connection 52 in an assigned internal receptacle in the area of the receiving sleeve 8, with such a type of fixing only having to ensure that the locking head 1 is positioned and secured against rotation to the receiving sleeve 8 is guaranteed.

The invention is therefore not limited to the releasable actuation of the closure head 1 using the extractor 2, but other embodiments can be used, all of which enable the closure head 1 to be actuated frontally from the front, simply removed from the open ejection opening 47 and reinserted can be attached.

Drawing legend

1

Bolt head

2

Extractor

3

Swivel axis of 2

4

Groove for 2 in 1

5

Locking wedge

6

Driver groove for 2

7

Driving nose for 5

8th

Mounting sleeve for 1

9

firing pin hole

10

Ejector

11

occlusion wart

12'

Locking direction (12 unlocking direction) of 2

12

Unlocking direction (13' locking direction) of 5

13

Unlocking direction (13' locking direction) of 5

14

Ejector spring

15

ejector hole

16

Opinion

17

Bolt handle mounting hole

18

Bolt head removal direction (18' bolt insertion direction) of 1

19

Actuating surface 19a extractor groove

20

Locking springs for 5

21

Driver area of 1

22

Locking groove from 8 for 5

23

Recording wave of 1 for 8

24

Mounting hole of 8 for 1

25

shutter guide (of 46)

26

asymmetrical storage pocket for 27

27

asymmetrical recording approach for 26

28

Locking groove for 5 in 8

29

Opinion

30

Running recording

31

Bolt handle

32

shutter housing

33

System box

34

Rifle scope

35

gun barrel

36

forend

37

Trigger guard

38

Deduction

39

Pistol grip

40

buttstock

41

Butt plate

42

Back of the shaft

43

Gun muzzle

44

Anti-twist protection from 8 in 32

45

Weapon general view

46

Bolt slide (chamber) complete with bolt head

47

Ejection opening

48

Screw connection

49

Ball cage

50

Spring ribbon

51

Ring groove

52

Bayonet fitting

53

Support surface

54

Ejection opening view

55

Detail view of 54

56

Rear shutter slide guide

57

Front shutter slide guide

58

Shutter guide cover

Claims (17)

Hunting or sporting weapon with a breech consisting of several components, which belongs to the group of cylinder or straight-pull or twist breechs, which consists of at least a firing pin or a hammer, a firing pin spring, an extractor (2) and a breech head (1), wherein the breech head (1) is interchangeably received with a holding means in a breech-side receiving sleeve (8), which is fastened in a breech slide (46) which can be moved and locked along the weapon, characterized in that the breech head (1) is moved during the displacement of the Closure slide (46) in a then released ejection opening (47) is freely accessible from the front at least in the firing direction and can be removed and fixed from the closure-side receiving sleeve (8). Hunting or sporting weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly and/or disassembly of the bolt head (1) takes place without tools. Hunting or sporting weapon according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a manually operable locking button for the releasable and lockable fixing of the breech head (1) is arranged on the receiving sleeve (8) arranged on the front of the breech head (1). Hunting or sporting weapon according to claim 3, characterized in that the locking button actuating the locking head (1) is part of the extractor (2). Hunting or sporting weapon according to claim 4, characterized in that the locking button is designed as a two-armed lever as part of the extractor (2). Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the locking button works together with a spring-loaded locking element, which consists of a spring-loaded locking wedge (5) which can be moved radially in the locking head (1) and which is in the closed position of the locking head (1). a lock between the Inner circumference of the receiving sleeve (8) and the outer circumference of the closure head (1). Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the tool-free assembly and disassembly of the breech head (1) in the breech-side receiving sleeve (8) takes place with a releasable locking connection in the manner of a spring-loaded ball detent (49, 50). Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the breech head (1) is fixed in the breech-side receiving sleeve (8) with a manually releasable and lockable connection in the manner of a bayonet or threaded screw connection (48, 52). . Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a magazine is arranged above the pistol grip (39) and aligned with the ejection opening (47) in the system box (33). Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a magazine is arranged in front of the pistol grip (39) above the trigger guard (37) in the firing direction, and that the ejection opening (47) is arranged above the trigger guard (37). . Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a magazine is arranged in front of the trigger guard (37) in the firing direction, and that the ejection opening (47) is arranged above the magazine. Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the breech slide (46) with the forward-facing breech head (1) engages from the shaft side (40, 41, 42) into the ejection opening (47) and thereby the Locking head (1) can be removed from its receiving sleeve (8) in the locking carriage 46. Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in order to shorten the length of the butt stock (40), the breech housing (32) can be moved as part of the breech slide (46) under the back of the stock 42. Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that an ejector spring (14) is arranged in an ejector bore of the breech head (1). Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a firing pin lock is arranged in the breech head (1). Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that there is an anti-rotation setting between the breech head (1) and the receiving housing (8) on the weapon side. Hunting or sporting weapon according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the receiving sleeve (8) is also accommodated in the locking housing (32) so that it cannot rotate.

Images