EP1955003B1 - Weapon with an interchangeable barrel - Google Patents

Abstract

The gun has a removable tube (4), a tube locking unit (22) to lock the removable tube in the gun. A safety mechanism prevents firing of the gun during off state of the mechanism and enables firing of the gun during release state of the mechanism. The safety mechanism cooperates with the tube locking unit in such a manner that the safety mechanism acquires its release position only by the removable tube that is locked at the tube locking unit.

Description

The invention relates to a weapon with an exchangeable pipe, a pipe locking device that locks the exchange tube in the weapon, a securing mechanism that a blocking state in which he prevents a firing of the weapon, and a release state in which he allows the firing of the gun can, wherein the securing mechanism cooperates with the pipe locking device so that it can assume its release state only when locked in the pipe locking device exchange tube.

Such a generic weapon is from the DE 3541 312 C2 known. There, a locking mechanism is described which cooperates with a firing pin safety device such that when an unlocked barrel of the firing pin is blocked and can not reach a cartridge bottom when firing a shot.

Furthermore, the shows DE 30 14 541 C2 a lever lock for locking and unlocking the barrel of portable automatic firearms, which locks the weapon lock when the barrel is unlocked. A pipe locking device which forms the basis position for the preamble of claim 1 is made EP 0 423 677 known.

Listed below location designations, such as "front", "rear", "side", etc., refer to a weapon in normal, horizontal firing position, with the firing direction facing forward.

Weapons are often equipped with exchangeable pipes for the following reasons. Upon ignition of a cartridge, a projectile, when propelled by the traction and fields of a pipe, causes vibrations and vibrations in the pipe which are cushioned by vibration of the pipe. In addition, at each firing the frictional energy delivery of the Projectile in the tube and the gas pressure of the burning propellant charge of the ignited cartridge to a tube heating up to an overheating in continuous fire or a quick firing. Such tube overheating can cause sleeve tears, ie, within the fired cartridge creates such a high gas pressure that the cartridge shell tears apart and therefore blocked the front part of the cartridge case, the chamber. In addition, a continuous firing, especially when shooting large-caliber ammunition, cause such a strong pipe warming that the shot precision and the Treffpunktlage be greatly degraded by the elongation behavior of the tube. This problem arises in particular with machine guns and grenade launchers. Therefore, the pipe is made interchangeable so that it can be exchanged with a replacement replacement pipe depending on the number of shots fired. For this purpose, the rear end of the exchangeable tube is usually screwed or otherwise connected to a receiving block in such exchangeable tube weapons.

The rear end of the exchangeable tube comprises the chamber in which the cartridges are loaded. The wall of the cartridge chamber is stronger than the exchange tube itself, since the occurring here in the ignition of cartridges gas pressure is highest. This gas pressure can only seal a cartridge in the system if it is in the correct position in the chamber when it is ignited. The cartridge chamber forms a negative impression of the corresponding cartridge case, which usually consists of a relatively soft and elastic copper-brass alloy. After ignition, the cartridge case then usually fits exactly to the walls of the cartridge chamber, thus sealing the resulting gas pressure in the removable tube.

However, if the exchange tube is not completely taken up in the receiving block and screwed or locked due to operating errors, the cartridge case can not fit properly in the chamber and therefore not the Seal gas pressure. Under certain circumstances, then the firing pin does not reach the Zündplättchen, thereby preventing firing and causing a jamming. However, if ignition occurs, unsealed gas pressure can cause running blasts that can seriously injure the operator.

There are a variety of locking mechanisms coupled to the trigger mechanism, the locking system and / or the like which are intended to prevent unconscious and inadvertent firing of a cartridge. These known securing mechanisms have the disadvantage that in the case of exchangeable tube weapons a shot can also be triggered if the exchangeable tube is not completely locked in the receiving block. This represents a considerable hazard to the operator.

The invention is therefore based on the object to increase the reliability of a weapon with a removable tube.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of independent claim 1.

The weapon basically includes all types of weapons with an exchangeable tube, from the handgun to a mount fixedly mounted weapons, such as automatic, semi-automatic, small-caliber, large-caliber weapons, such as machine guns, submachine guns, light machine guns or grenade launchers.

In general, the exchange tube can be locked in any way on the weapon, such as a bayonet lock, a thread, a locking latch. Preferably, the tube locking device comprises a tube holding element, particularly preferably in the form of a bolt, which is brought to lock the removable tube in a locking position. The use of such a pipe holding element has the Advantage that it can be quickly introduced and quickly removed to change the exchange tube again. As an alternative to a bolt, the use of a screw or a pin is also possible here. However, the use of a screw has the disadvantage that additional tools, such as a screwdriver is needed. In addition, while the locking mechanism comprises a locking member rotatably connected to the feeder cover. The locking member cooperates with the tube retaining member such that the shuttle cover can not be closed when the tube retaining member is not in the locking position.

Further, the locking device of the weapon preferably comprises a receiving block for receiving the exchangeable tube and a sensor element, which preferably cooperates with the exchangeable tube and the tube holding member such that the tube holding member can be brought into the locking position only when fully accommodated in the receiving block exchange tube. This prevents that the exchange tube is indeed locked to the weapon, but not in the predetermined stop on the weapon, where it seals the gas pressure generated by the fired cartridge.

For this purpose, the sensor element is preferably biased by a sensor element spring from a first to a second sensor element positions and interacts with a fixedly connected to the removable tube nose such that it is during insertion of the removable tube in the receiving block to its stop by the nose against the spring force of the sensor element spring is moved to the first sensor element position. As an alternative, the pipe holding element as such can already ensure that it can lock the exchangeable pipe only in the position completely accommodated in the receiving block.

The sensor element preferably has a recess which is arranged such that it only in the first Sensor element position allows a passage for the tube holding member in its locking position.

Preferably, the tube holding member cooperates with the feeder cover so as to be locked in the locking position when the feeder lid is closed. This provides an additional safeguard against unintentional removal or falling out of the tube holding element and thus unlocking of the removable tube.

In addition, the tube holding member is a transversely displaceable to the removable tube in the receiving block bolt and the locking element is rotatably connected to the feeder cover and acts laterally on an end portion of the bolt. In order to ensure a high stability of the rotationally fixed connection with the feeder cover, the blocking element can be formed in one piece with a swivel joint eye of the feeder cover. Alternatively, it can also be welded or otherwise connected to the feeder cover.

The sensor element is preferably a parallel to the removable tube in the receiving block insertable bolt, which has a 'transverse groove over which the tube holding member is guided. Alternatively, instead of the bolt, for example, a pin or the like may be used. Also, instead of the transverse groove, a complete opening may be provided for the passage of the tube holding member, or the tube holding member may be formed and arranged to block or release this passage in the manner of a slider.

Furthermore, the exchangeable pipe preferably has a transverse recess at the pipe end, in which the pipe-holding element is guided.

As a captive preferably prevents a stop the pipe holding element to a complete removal from the Weapon when the exchange tube is removed from the receiving block.

Fig. la-c

perspektivische Teilansichten unterschiedliche Funktionslagen einiger Hauptteile einer erfindungsgemäßen Waffe;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Teilansicht leicht schräg von oben auf eine Funktionslage der Hauptteile der Waffe aus Fig. 1; und

Fig. 3a-b

Seitenansichten des Sperrmechanismus der Waffe aus Fig. 1.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing. In this show

Fig. La-c

perspective partial views different functional positions of some main parts of a weapon according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a partial perspective view slightly obliquely from above on a functional position of the main parts of the weapon Fig. 1 ; and

Fig. 3a-b

Side views of the locking mechanism of the weapon Fig. 1 ,

The invention will be described below with reference to a grenade launcher, which is not to be understood as limiting. As already described at the beginning, the invention can be used for all weapons with an exchangeable tube system. Fig. 1a shows the grenade launcher in perspective view. This includes, inter alia, a receiving block 2 for receiving a removable tube 4, a Patronenzuführeinrichtung 5 with a feeder cover 6 and a housing 8. All other parts of the grenade launcher, such as closure system, trigger mechanism, etc. will not be further described below, since they are obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art , For example, for the detailed structure of such a grenade launcher on the DE 43 45 228 A1 the same applicant, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In the front end of the housing 8, the receiving block 2 is fixedly mounted, which carries centered on the longitudinal center of the exchange tube 4 with a arranged at the rear end of the removable tube 4 cartridge chamber (not shown).

The feeder cover 6 is a downwardly open, flat container with a belt inlet on its one outer side. The belt inlet comprises two opposite guide grooves 20, the widths of which correspond, for example, to the cartridge diameters at the cartridge tip or the cartridge base (possibly even plus any wall thicknesses of the cartridge belt holding the individual cartridges together). The feeder cover 6 can be pivoted between an open and a closed position via a pivot axis connected thereto in a rotationally fixed manner. The opened feeder cover 6 prevents the firing, since in this position the cartridges the cartridge chamber or the closure system (not shown) can not be supplied at all. In this safety mechanism, the weapon can not get into a ready to fire state, since you can not be fed cartridge, unlike a likewise covered by the invention, the safety mechanism in which in an otherwise ready to fire weapon with a cartridge in the chamber a shot firing example is prevented by blocking the shutter or the trigger mechanism.

To move the feeder cover 6 are located at the lower end two, firmly connected to this hinges 10. About this, the feeder cover 6 is fixed by means of a transverse to the removable tube 4 extending pin 12 on the receiving block 2. For this purpose, two eyelets 16 with the same inner diameter as that of the hinges 10 are fixedly attached to the receiving block 2, through which the locking pin 12 is passed. Thus, the feeder cover 6 can be pivoted about serving as a pivot axis 12 locking pin 12. In Fig. 1a he is in the closed position. In this position, the cartridges on the cartridge feeding 5 can be supplied laterally, transversely to the direction and introduced via the shutter in the cartridge chamber. After a firing, the empty ones Cartridge sleeves ejected on the side opposite the belt inlet via an ejection window (not shown).

In addition, located on the bolt head opposite end 44 of the bolt 12 a projecting from the locking pin 12 locking spring 46, which secures the locking pin 12 against accidental removal or falling out. If it is to be removed again, the securing spring 46 is pressed into the locking pin 12 and it can be pulled out again through the hinges 10 and the eyelets 16 therethrough. Thus, the feeder cover 6 can be removed, for example for cleaning purposes.

In addition, the exchangeable tube 4 is locked by a tube locking device 22 by means of a tube holding bolt 14 in the receiving block 2. For this purpose, the exchange tube 2, as shown, completely brought in the receiving block 2 in abutment. When inserted into these, the exchangeable tube 2 is centered in the receiving block 2 by means of guide rings 3 extending around the tube end. In addition, a first guide ring 3 has a transverse groove 7 which cooperates with a nose (not shown) within the receiving block 2 so that the exchangeable tube 2 can only go into abutment within the receiving block 2 in a rotational position (cf. Fig. 1c ). When attacking the exchange tube 2 is in a position in which it can be locked. For this purpose, the tube holding bolt 14 is introduced transversely to the direction in a partially tubular configured guide 39 having an inner diameter substantially equal to the bolt outer diameter to the stop (see. Fig. 1b ). This guide 39 is formed in the middle region of the tube holding bolt 14 by a throat 40 on the shoulder surface facing away from the inserted tube end of one of the guide rings 3 in combination with a semicircular transverse groove 42 running parallel in the receiving block 2 (cf. Fig. 1b and 1c ). The tube holding bolt 14 is on its end portions in holes 15 a and b received within the receiving block 2.

Further, the tube locking device 22 comprises a sensor element 24, in the form of a sensor pin 24. At the front end of the removable tube 4 opposite the cartridge chamber is a permanently connected to the removable tube 4, parallel to the removable tube 4 protruding nose 34 which presses on the sensor pin 24 (see. Fig. 2 ). When inserting the exchange tube 4 in the receiving block 2 of the sensor pin 24 of the nose 34 is parallel to the pipe run in the receiving block 2 against the spring pressure of a sensor pin spring 25 (see FIG. Fig. 1b and 2 ) is biased from a locking position to a release position. In Fig. 1 the exchange tube 4 is in the stop and thus the sensor pin 24 in its release position.

The sensor pin 24 has on its upper side a semicircular transverse groove 30 (see. Fig. 2 ). In the release position of the sensor pin 24 is pushed into the receiving block so deep that the transverse groove 30 flush with the throat 40 of the guide 39 and thus forms a step-shaped passage for the lower portion of the guide 39 (see. Fig. 1b ). The tube retaining pin 14 can thus be guided through this passage and brought into the locking position. In the blocking position, however, the sensor pin 24 blocks the insertion of the tube holding bolt 14 (see. Fig. 1c ).

In addition, a locking mechanism 26 cooperates with the tube locking device 22 such that the feeder cover 6 can be pivoted only in the closed position when the removable tube 4 is completely received and locked in the receiving block 2. For this purpose, the locking mechanism 26 comprises a locking plate 28 which is fixedly connected to the outer tube 4 facing the outer edge of the feeder cover 6 and protrudes perpendicularly from the Zubringerdeckelboden. If the tube retaining pin 14 is not completely in abutment, so in the locked position, and protrudes from its guide 39, he blocks over the locking plate 28, the closing of the feeder cover 6. When closing the locking plate 28 comes into abutment with the tube retaining pin 14 and then holds the feeder cover 6 as a lever open by blocking the pivoting path of the locking plate 28 ( see. Fig. 3a and 3b ).

In addition, the locking mechanism 26 blocks the tube retaining pin 14 in its locked position with closed feeder cover 6, in which the locking plate 28 pushes when closing the feeder cover 6 in front of the head of the tube retaining pin 14 and thus prevents them from falling out or unintentional, manual removal.

If the pipe holding bolt 14 is finally pulled out of the receiving block 2 for the pipe removal, a stop pin 36 prevents the pipe holding bolt 14 from being completely removed from the guide 39. The stop pin 36 runs parallel to the exchangeable pipe 4, perpendicular to and above the pipe holding bolt 14. The tube holding bolt 14 has a longitudinally extending, respectively remote from both ends of the tube holding bolt 14 extending, flattened recess 48, which together with the stopper pin 36, the longitudinal movement of the tube holding bolt 14 to the length the recess 48 limited (see. Fig. 1b ). When the tube retaining pin 14 is now pulled in a tube change, the stop pin 36 blocks the complete removal of the tube holding bolt 14 when it abuts the end of the recess 48 opposite the bolt head.

Fig. 1b shows the feeder cover 6 in the open position, so pivoted 90 degrees upwards. The locking plate 28 has now released the head of the tube holding bolt 14. This is pulled out of the guide 39 until it stops against the stop pin 36 and arrives completely out of engagement of the throat 40 on the guide ring 3. The exchange tube 4 can now be changed.

In Fig. 1c is the feeder cover 6 in a half-open position and the exchange tube 4 is partially pulled out of the receiving block 2. At the end of the pipe to the receiving block 2, the throat 40 can be seen on the shoulder surface of the guide ring 3, which forms the lower portion of the guide 39 for the tube holding bolt 14. When pulling out the removable tube 4, the sensor pin 12 was released from the nose 34 of the exchange tube 4, and pushed out of the sensor pin spring 25 from the receiving block 2. He is now in its locked position and concludes flush or recessed with the outside of the receiving block 2. The transverse groove 30 in the sensor pin 12 is now offset from the guide 39 and thus blocks the complete insertion of the tube holding bolt 14 in the guide 39. In this position, the tube holding bolt 14 also blocks the path of the locking element 28 and thus the complete closing of the feeder cover 6, as above described.

Fig. 2 shows in a perspective Schrägaufsicht from above, as the firmly connected to the exchange tube 4 nose 34 pushes the sensor pin 24 into the receiving block 2 while the transverse groove 30 is brought in the sensor pin 24 in accordance with the guide 39, so that the tube holding pin 14 is fully inserted can be. The feeder cover 6 is opened and pivoted upwards by 90 degrees.

Fig. 3a and 3b show the locking mechanism 26 in detail. In Fig. 3a the feeder cover 6 is pivoted upwards by 90 degrees. The locking plate 28 is lifted from the pipe holding bolt 14. In Fig. 3b is the feeder cover 6 closed so far until its locking plate 28 rests on the not fully inserted into the guide 39, so protruding from the receiving block 2 tube holding bolt 14.

Claims (10)

1. A weapon, having

   - an interchangeable barrel (4),

   - a barrel locking device (22), which locks the interchangeable barrel (4) in the weapon, and

   - a safety mechanism, which can assume a locking position in which it prevents the weapon firing, and a release position, in which it enables the weapon to fire, wherein the safety mechanism interacts with the barrel locking device (22) in such a manner that it can assume its release position only if the interchangeable barrel (4) is locked in the barrel locking device (22),

   characterised in that the safety mechanism comprises a carrier cover (6), which is part of a cartridge feed device via which the cartridges are supplied to the weapon and which can move between an open position corresponding to the locking position and a closed position corresponding to the release position, and the carrier cover (6) comprises a locking mechanism (26) which interacts with the barrel locking device (22) in such a manner that the carrier cover (6) can only be moved into the closed position when the interchangeable barrel (4) is locked by the barrel locking device (22) in the weapon.
2. A weapon according to Claim 1, in which the barrel locking device (22) comprises a barrel retaining element (14), which can be moved into a locking position for the locking of the interchangeable barrel (4), and the locking mechanism (26) comprises a locking element (28) connected to the carrier cover (6) for rotation, which element interacts with the barrel retaining element (14) in such a manner that the carrier cover (6) cannot be moved into the closed position if the barrel retaining element (14) is not in the locking position.
3. A weapon according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the barrel locking device (22) comprises a mounting bracket (2) for housing the interchangeable barrel (4) and a sensor element (24) that interacts with the interchangeable barrel (4) and the barrel retaining element (14) in such a manner that the barrel retaining element (14) can be moved into the locking position only if the interchangeable barrel (4) is housed completely in the mounting bracket (2).
4. A weapon according to Claim 3, in which the sensor element (24) is prestressed by means of a sensor element spring (25) from a first into a second sensor element position and interacts with a projection (34) securely connected to the interchangeable barrel (4) in such a manner that it is moved by the projection (34) against the spring force of the sensor element spring (25) into the first sensor element position when the interchangeable barrel (4) is introduced into the mounting bracket (2) as far as its stop.
5. A weapon according to Claim 3 or 4, in which the sensor element (24) comprises a recess (30) which is disposed in such a manner that only in the first sensor element position does it allow a passage for the barrel retaining element (14) in its locked position.
6. A weapon according to one of Claims 2 to 5, in which the barrel retaining element (14) interacts with the carrier cover (6) in such a manner that it is locked in the locked position when the carrier cover (6) is closed.
7. A weapon according to one of Claims 3 to 6, in which the barrel retaining element (14) is a pin (14) that is displaceable at right angles to the interchangeable barrel (4) in the mounting bracket (2), and the locking element (28) is connected for rotation with the carrier cover (6) and acts laterally on an end region of the pin (14).
8. A weapon according to one of Claims 4 to 7, in which the sensor element (24) is a pin (24) which can be inserted into the mounting bracket (2) parallel to the interchangeable barrel (4), and comprises a crosswise slot (30) in which the barrel retaining element (14) is guided.
9. A weapon according to one of Claims 2 to 8, in which at the end of the barrel the interchangeable barrel (4) comprises a crosswise recess (40) in which the barrel retaining element (14) is guided.
10. A weapon according to one of Claims 2 to 9, with a stop (36) which prevents the barrel retaining element (14) being completely removed from the weapon.

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