EP4245940A1 - Ceiling structure and method for producing a ceiling structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a ceiling structure (10) for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a room ceiling or a room floor of a building, the ceiling structure (10) comprising: - a middle layer (20) which comprises solid wood; - a pair of cover layers ( 30), wherein the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) comprise solid wood, and wherein the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) are sandwiched around the middle layer (20). ; and - at least one pair of intermediate layers (40), with at least one intermediate layer (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) between the middle layer (20) and a cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) is arranged and the middle layer (20) is cohesively connected to the respective cover layer (30; 31; 32); - wherein a wood fiber direction (FRm) of the middle layer (20) essentially corresponds to a wood fiber direction (FRd1; FRd2) of the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30), so that the middle layer (20) and the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) interact structurally in the same direction. The invention further relates to a method for producing a similar ceiling structure (10).

Description

The present invention relates to a ceiling structure for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a ceiling or a room floor of a building, as well as a method for producing such a ceiling structure.

Known ceiling structures for forming a ceiling, in particular a ceiling or a room floor of a building, can be provided, for example, in particular based on concrete or wood, with the use of concrete being preferred as the height of a building increases in order to ensure that a predetermined load is supported. Ceiling structures that include wood or consist essentially of wood in terms of their load-bearing elements are generally rather rare. For buildings that are to be built higher, ceiling structures are usually used, which, if they have wood at all, also include concrete or steel as classic load-bearing structures. However, in order to use existing resources more sustainably, there is a need to make the renewable raw material wood increasingly usable, particularly in construction.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved ceiling structure for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a ceiling or a floor of a building, in particular to provide a structurally improved ceiling structure based on wood, as well as a method for producing an improved ceiling structure, in particular structurally improved ones Wood-based ceiling structure.

The above-described task is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims; preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

• eine Mittellage, welche Massivholz umfasst;
• ein Paar von Decklagen, wobei die Decklagen des Paares von Decklagen Massivholz umfassen, und wobei die Decklagen des Paares von Decklagen sandwichartig um die Mittellage angeordnet sind; und
• zumindest ein Paar von Zwischenlagen, wobei zumindest eine Zwischenlage des zumindest einen Paares von Zwischenlagen jeweils zwischen der Mittellage und einer Decklage des Paares von Decklagen angeordnet ist und die Mittellage mit der jeweiligen Decklage stoffschlüssig verbindet;
• wobei eine Holzfaserrichtung der Mittellage im Wesentlichen einer Holzfaserrichtung der Decklagen des Paares von Decklagen entspricht, so dass die Mittellage und die Decklagen des Paares von Decklagen strukturell gleichgerichtet zusammenwirken.

One aspect of the invention relates to a ceiling structure for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a ceiling or a room floor of a building, the ceiling structure comprising:

• a middle layer which includes solid wood;
• a pair of top plies, the top plies of the pair of top plies comprising solid wood, and wherein the top plies of the pair of top plies are sandwiched around the center ply; and
• at least one pair of intermediate layers, wherein at least one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers is arranged between the middle layer and a cover layer of the pair of cover layers and connects the middle layer to the respective cover layer in a materially bonded manner;
• wherein a wood fiber direction of the middle layer essentially corresponds to a wood fiber direction of the top layers of the pair of top layers, so that the middle layer and the top layers of the pair of top layers interact structurally in the same direction.

The present ceiling structure, which is suitable, for example, for forming a ceiling, in particular a ceiling and/or a floor of a room and/or a section of a roof structure of a building, advantageously provides an improved ceiling structure, in particular a structurally improved wood-based ceiling structure. Thus, the present ceiling structure is advantageously structurally reinforced in particular by the essentially identical wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the cover layers of the pair of cover layers. Due to its structure, the present ceiling structure is advantageously suitable for absorbing or carrying vertical loads acting on a building.

The ceiling structure for a ceiling as a ceiling or floor can in particular have a substantially horizontal extension, and in particular have an extension in a range of approximately 2 meters to approximately 11 meters in a width direction and a longitudinal direction of the ceiling structure. In addition, the ceiling structure can also be suitable for sloping ceilings, which are inclined compared to a horizontal orientation and in particular extend essentially over a flat area. In exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure can have a substantially horizontal or oblique extent in a range of approximately 2 meters to approximately 9 meters, in particular in a range of approximately 3 meters to approximately 8 meters, in a width direction and a longitudinal direction of the ceiling structure.

The ceiling structure for a ceiling as a roof truss section can, for example, be arranged essentially horizontally or arranged obliquely, in particular arranged along the rafters. The ceiling structure can in particular form a pressure element of a collar beam roof, to relieve the load on the rafters, and alternatively or additionally, for example, can be arranged on the rafters or at least in sections between two rafters. The ceiling structure can in particular form a collar beam or a ridge beam of a roof. In exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure is positively connected, in particular with one or more rafters. For this purpose, at least one of the ceiling structure and the one or more rafters can have a recess for a positive connection to the other. The ceiling structure for a ceiling as a roof truss section can have an extension corresponding to the roof truss or the roof and can extend in the longitudinal direction and width direction, for example in the range from approximately 50 cm to several meters, with different extensions being possible depending on the design of the roof .

Wood has a higher stiffness and a higher strength in the direction of the grain or wood fiber direction than across the grain or across the wood grain direction. Because the cover layers and the middle layer are and/or are aligned in such a way that their wood fiber directions essentially correspond to one another, it was surprisingly found that the middle layer and the cover layers are one in terms of statics Buildings can be taken into account in a complementary manner. Due to the essentially corresponding wood fiber directions, the cover layers together with the middle layer mutually benefit one another in terms of stiffness and/or strength, so that when designing, in particular the static design, of a ceiling, such as a room ceiling, a floor of a room or a roof truss section of a building, which is in particular configured to include wood, the respective essentially identical stiffnesses and/or strengths in the wood fiber direction as well as transversely to the wood fiber direction can be taken into account, i.e. in particular the respective increased stiffnesses in the wood fiber direction of the cover layers and the middle layer can be taken into account together.

Further advantageously, the ceiling structure of the present aspect, in particular due to the essentially corresponding wood fiber directions of the cover layers and the middle layer, enables different woods or types of wood to be structurally taken into account and installed together to form a ceiling structure. As a result, the present ceiling structure can advantageously take into account a forest structure that changes over time, which can at times have a larger proportion of coniferous wood or a larger proportion of hardwood, with the use of a larger amount of softwood or hardwood being ecologically and/or economically required can be.

Furthermore, the present ceiling structure can be configured specifically for the building, in that both the thickness of the ceiling structure and the stiffness and/or strength can be configured specifically for the building, in that certain woods or types of wood can be used in a thickness that can be selected for the respective layers.

The middle layer can in particular comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements. The solid wood elements of the middle layer can have a significant wood fiber direction, which in particular forms the wood fiber direction of the middle layer.

A cover layer of the pair of cover layers can in particular comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements. The solid wood elements of the top layer or layers can have a significant wood fiber direction, which in particular forms the wood fiber direction of the top layer or layers.

According to the present aspect, the intermediate layers are configured to cohesively connect the respective cover layers to the middle layer. Additionally or alternatively, the intermediate layers can be configured to connect the middle layer and/or the respective cover layers in a form-fitting manner. An intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can in particular comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements, or alternatively have or consist of a different material. If the intermediate layer has solid wood elements, the solid wood elements of the intermediate layer can have a significant wood fiber direction, which in particular forms a wood fiber direction of the intermediate layer or intermediate layers.

An intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can connect the middle layer with a respective cover layer, in particular in a materially bonded manner, in such a way that the intermediate layer is cohesively connected to the middle layer on a side facing the middle layer, and on a side facing away from the middle layer, i.e. one facing the respective cover layer Side, is cohesively connected to the cover layer. If the ceiling structure has several intermediate layers which are arranged between the middle layer and one of the cover layers, in particular the intermediate layer facing the middle layer can be cohesively connected to the middle layer, and an intermediate layer facing the cover layer can be cohesively connected to the cover layer.

Alternatively or additionally, the middle layer and the cover layers can be connected to one another in a non-positive manner, in particular using intermediate layers, such as, for example, by screws, rivets, pins or the like one or more intermediate layers can be arranged between one of the cover layers and the middle layer.

In even further alternative embodiments, the middle layer and the cover layers can be connected by means of any combination of frictional connection, positive connection and material connection, in particular by means of at least one intermediate layer.

The intermediate layers, which connect the middle layer and/or the cover layers in a cohesive and/or form-fitting manner, advantageously make it possible for the middle layer and the cover layers to be essentially aligned in the same direction or essentially parallel to one another with respect to the wood fiber direction.

Because the wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the cover layers are essentially aligned in the same direction or essentially parallel, the structural improvement of the ceiling structure in turn advantageously enables the ceiling structure to be configured with a comparatively small thickness or wall thickness in the height direction of the ceiling structure. This is particularly advantageously made possible by the fact that the middle layer and the cover layers, which have essentially parallel wood fiber directions, can be taken into account in a statically complementary manner.

In preferred embodiments, only the middle layer, the cover layers and the intermediate layers are structurally effective in the ceiling structure. In other words, preferably only the middle layer, the cover layers and the intermediate layers contribute to providing a statically relevant load-bearing capacity through the ceiling structure.

Preferably, the ceiling structure has no additional structural elements in addition to the middle layer, the cover layers and the intermediate layers. In particular, the present ceiling structure cannot have any cavities provided with structural elements, and no other fillings, which are introduced in particular in cavities in one of the middle layers, the cover layers and the intermediate layers. In particular, the ceiling structure cannot Have metal supports, in particular steel supports.

In exemplary embodiments, the middle layer can in particular comprise or consist of softwood, in particular include or consist of solid wood made of softwood. In particular, the middle layer can include or consist of, for example, spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and/or fir, in particular include or consist of solid wood made of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and/or fir. In preferred embodiments, the middle layer, in particular the solid wood of the middle layer, can in particular comprise or consist of spruce. Solid wood made from or with spruce is advantageous because it has a comparatively low resin content compared to larch, pine and fir and is easier to process in ceiling construction.

In alternative embodiments, the middle layer, in particular the solid wood of the middle layer, can alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular include or consist of beech, oak, birch and/or ash.

In exemplary embodiments, one or each cover layer of the pair of cover layers can in particular comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular include or consist of solid wood made of hardwood. In particular, the cover layer(s) can include or consist of, for example, beech, oak, birch and/or ash, in particular include or consist of solid wood made of beech, oak and/or ash. In preferred embodiments, the top layer(s) or the solid wood of the top layer(s) may in particular comprise or consist of beech.

In alternative embodiments, the top layer(s), in particular the solid wood of the top layer(s), may alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of softwood.

In preferred embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can in particular comprise or made from softwood consist of, in particular, solid wood made of softwood or consisting of it. In particular, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can include or consist of, for example, spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and/or fir, in particular include or consist of solid wood made of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and/or fir. In preferred embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, in particular the solid wood of the one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, can comprise or consist of, in particular, spruce and/or pine.

In alternative embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, in particular the solid wood of the one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, can alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular include or consist of beech, oak, birch and/or ash. Further alternatively or additionally, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can comprise or consist of a material other than wood, for example a metal.

In exemplary embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer can in particular comprise or consist of a softwood, the intermediate layers can comprise or consist of a softwood or hardwood, and the cover layers can comprise or consist of a hardwood.

In other exemplary embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer can in particular comprise or consist of a hardwood, the intermediate layers can comprise or consist of a softwood or hardwood, and the cover layers can comprise or consist of a softwood.

The essentially parallel alignment of the wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the cover layers advantageously makes it possible for the middle layer and the cover layers in particular to complement each other structurally, i.e. in terms of stiffness and/or strength, whereby a predetermined stiffness and/or strength of the Ceiling structure can be provided with a thin design of the ceiling structure at the same time.

In preferred embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers has glue. An intermediate layer can have glue, in particular on a side or surface facing the middle layer and/or on a side or surface facing a respective cover layer.

Thus, the middle layer can advantageously be connected to at least one pair of intermediate layers and then to a pair of cover layers for the ceiling structure by means of the intermediate layers containing glue, in particular connected in a materially bonded manner, whereby the middle layer and the cover layers can be aligned with one another in a freely selectable manner in order to work together structurally in an advantageous manner.

In further preferred embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can comprise wood, in particular solid wood, wherein a wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be different from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the top layer. In exemplary embodiments, the wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be different from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the top layer in a range of about 20° to about 90°, preferably in a range of about 40° to about 90° be different, more preferably different in a range of about 60° to about 90°, and particularly preferably different by about 90°. In other words, the wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can particularly preferably be approximately perpendicular to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the cover layers.

The difference in the wood fiber direction of an intermediate layer refers in particular to a direction which is twisted in a plane parallel to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the top layer(s) relative to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the top layer(s).

An orientation of an intermediate layer that is different from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the cover layers advantageously enables a coherent connection of the middle layer with the at least one pair of intermediate layers and with the pair of cover layers for the ceiling construction, in preferred embodiments in particular a positive connection combined with a material connection for the ceiling construction .

In addition, the different orientation of an intermediate layer compared to the middle layer and/or cover layer advantageously enables the force not only to be transmitted between the middle layer and the cover layers, but also to be advantageously distributed in particular between the middle layer and the cover layers.

In the following, various terms will be used repeatedly, the understanding of which should be made easier by the following definitions.

Solid wood: The term solid wood refers to wood that is not layered. In particular, solid wood does not mean layered or pressed wood, such as pressed wood, pressed chipboard, veneer, or the like. Solid wood as used here means solid wood. In other words, the term solid wood in this case refers in particular to wood whose cross section has been carved out of a single tree trunk. A solid wood or solid wood element as used here can in particular be a squared timber, a beam, a board, etc.

Thickness or height direction: The thickness direction or height direction essentially represents a direction in which the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers are stacked relative to one another. In other words, the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure represents a direction which runs or is essentially perpendicular to the ceiling structure, and in particular essentially perpendicular to the middle layer, to the intermediate layers and/or to the cover layers. In other words, the thickness direction or height direction reflects a direction in which a wall thickness or Strength of the ceiling structure is measured, which corresponds in particular to the direction in which different floors of a usual building are arranged relative to one another.

In other words, the pair of cover layers, which are arranged sandwich-like around the middle layer, can be arranged encompassing the middle layer, in particular in the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure. Furthermore, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be arranged, in particular in the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure, between the middle layer and a cover layer of the pair of cover layers.

The thickness direction of the ceiling structure does not have to correspond to the direction in which the thickness of a solid wood element is measured. However, depending on the arrangement of a solid wood element in a respective layer, the thickness of a solid wood element can also be measurable essentially in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure. In other words, the thickness direction, as used here, is particularly related to the ceiling structure.

Longitudinal direction: The longitudinal direction essentially represents a direction which can correspond in particular to the grain direction or the wood fiber direction of a solid wood element. The longitudinal direction, contrary to the thickness direction, is therefore not related to the ceiling structure, but rather to a respective solid wood element itself. Starting from a usual elongated solid wood element, which therefore has a length that is greater than a width, and in turn has a width that is greater than a thickness of the solid wood element, the longitudinal direction represents in particular the direction of the greatest extension of the solid wood element.

Width direction: The width direction essentially represents a direction which is essentially perpendicular to the grain direction or wood fiber direction of a solid wood element, and thus in particular a direction which is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the solid wood element. As the Longitudinal direction, the width direction is therefore particularly related to the solid wood element itself. Starting from a usual elongated solid wood element, which therefore has a length that is greater than a width, and in turn has a width that is greater than a thickness of the solid wood element, the width direction represents in particular the direction of the second largest extent of the solid wood element.

The longitudinal direction and the width direction, together with the thickness direction of a solid wood element, can in particular form a legal system.

Fire protection class: A specified fire protection class represents in particular a fire resistance class measured according to DIN 4102-2, in particular with a division of the building material class according to DIN 4102-1, whereby the numerical value in particular reflects the value according to REI. An exemplary fire protection class F 30 B reflects the fire resistance class F 30, for a fundamentally combustible building material B that retains its heat-insulating function for over 30 minutes in the event of a fire. In other words, a ceiling structure with fire protection class F 30 B represents, in particular, a fundamentally combustible building material due to the material, which retains its heat-insulating function for at least 30 minutes in the event of a defined fire. If there is further talk of a minimum fire protection class, this means the specified fire protection class or fire resistance class, whereby at least the specified numerical value is achieved in minutes or higher.

Glue: In this case, glue is basically understood as an adhesive which is particularly suitable for bonding two adjacent layers together. In exemplary embodiments, the glue can be configured to connect adjacent layers to one another in such a way that they are detachably connected in a non-destructive manner. In alternative embodiments, the glue can be configured to enable non-destructive release of cohesively connected, adjacent layers. Furthermore, in exemplary embodiments the glue can be a water-soluble glue, in alternatives However, embodiments can also be a glue that is at least not water-soluble. For example, the glue can be a polyurethane-based glue, a melamine resin-based glue, or a similar glue.

Tightening time: The tightening time or tightening duration describes a dwell time of the glue, in particular a resin-and-hardener system, on a solid wood element, the solid wood element comprising a predetermined wood, and with the glue reaching a preferred predetermined stickiness as the tightening time or tightening duration expires. Due to the different combinations of wood of a solid wood element plus, if necessary, resin and hardener, as well as other environmental conditions, such as temperature and / or humidity, a predetermined glue has a different, essentially related to the respective wood, at least with regard to a predetermined solid wood element, Tightening time or tightening duration.

If a direction or an angle is represented with the addition “essentially” or “approximately” or “approximately,” this addition means in particular a deviation from the relevant direction or angle in the range from 0° to 5° or to understand.

If a spatial measure, a spatial ratio or another relationship is represented with the addition “essentially” or “approximately” or “approximately”, this addition is in particular a deviation from the relevant measure or the relevant ratio in the range of 0 % to 10% meant or understood.

If a temperature is represented with the addition “essentially” or “approximately” or “approximately,” this addition is intended to indicate in particular a deviation from the temperature in question in the range from 0% to 5%, in particular in the range from 0% to 2 %, meant or understood in terms of its equivalent in Kelvin.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the ceiling structure may have a first cover layer and a second cover layer, which comprise the pair of cover layers form, have a first intermediate layer which is arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer, and have a second intermediate layer which is arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer.

The first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer can in particular form the at least one pair of intermediate layers.

In other words, the ceiling structure can have five layers, in particular exactly five layers, the ceiling structure having a middle layer, the ceiling structure further having a pair of cover layers, consisting of a first cover layer and a second cover layer, the first cover layer and the second top layer of the pair of top layers comprise solid wood, and wherein the first top layer and the second top layer of the pair of top layers are sandwiched around the middle layer, and wherein the deck structure has a pair of intermediate layers consisting of a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, wherein the first intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers is arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer of the pair of cover layers, wherein the second intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers is arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer of the pair of cover layers, and wherein the The first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer cohesively connect the middle layer to the respective first and second cover layers. In this case, a wood fiber direction of the middle layer can preferably correspond essentially to a wood fiber direction of the first and second cover layers of the pair of cover layers, so that the middle layer and the first and second cover layers of the pair of cover layers interact structurally in the same direction.

In alternative embodiments, a plurality of first intermediate layers can be arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer and/or a plurality of second intermediate layers can be arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer.

It is understood that the designation as the first and second intermediate layer and as the first and second cover layer is merely an example, so that it is also possible that the first intermediate layer is arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer, and the second intermediate layer is arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers can have greater rigidity than the middle layer.

By sandwiching the cover layers around the middle layer and aligning them with the middle layer in terms of the wood fiber direction, the configuration of at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers with greater rigidity enables the middle layer and thus the ceiling structure to be advantageously reinforced or stiffened by means of the cover layers . The advantageous reinforcement or stiffening of the middle layer, and thus of the ceiling structure, further enables the ceiling structure to be used as a ceiling, in particular as a room ceiling, as the floor of a room and/or as a roof truss section of a multi-story building, which can in particular be viewed as being subject to bending , whereby as the height of the building increases, an increase in the thickness or wall thickness of the ceiling structure is prevented in order to ensure a certain rigidity and/or strength.

Furthermore, the at least one cover layer, which is stiffer than the middle layer, enables the ceiling structure to be configured in a particularly economical manner with sufficient rigidity and / or strength, with a lower one compared to a single layer, for example corresponding to the middle layer made of solid wood Construction volume is required to provide the ceiling structure with a predetermined rigidity and / or strength.

This further advantageously makes it possible for the ceiling structure not to have to have cavities provided with stiffening means, which contain, for example, metal supports or other fillings, whereby a small required construction volume can be ensured by the ceiling structure.

As a result, the present ceiling structure is particularly suitable for forming a ceiling, in particular a ceiling, a floor of a room and/or a section of a roof truss of a multi-story building, in particular a wooden house or wooden building.

In preferred embodiments, both cover layers of the pair of cover layers can have a greater rigidity than the middle layer.

In further preferred embodiments, one cover layer or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers can have a greater rigidity than the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers. In particular, a cover layer or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers can have a solid wood with a greater rigidity than a wood or solid wood which the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers have.

This advantageously improves the structurally aligned interaction of the middle layer with the cover layers, while the intermediate layers of the pair of intermediate layers are preferably aligned differently or transversely to the middle layer and / or to the cover layers and ensure the connection between the middle layer and the cover layers.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer can be thicker than at least one of the pair of cover layers.

Making the middle layer thicker than at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers enables the ceiling structure to be advantageously stiffened and/or solidified by means of the at least one optionally particularly stiff and/or solid cover layer, so that in the case of a ceiling structure that is essentially subject to bending loads, an overall height of the ceiling structure can be advantageously reduced, which in turn ensures economical production of a sufficiently rigid and / or solid ceiling structure, with an overall low thickness.

In exemplary embodiments, the middle layer can be thicker than one or more, in particular all, of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.

Furthermore, in exemplary embodiments, one or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers can each be thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.

The middle layer and/or the at least one cover layer, which is thicker than an intermediate layer, additionally promotes the same-directed structural interaction of the middle layer with the cover layers, which each have essentially the same wood fiber direction, while the at least one intermediate layer ensures the connection as well as force transmission and force distribution between the middle layer and the top layers.

Furthermore, in exemplary embodiments, the middle layer can in particular be approximately 2.0 times to approximately 50 times thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers. A ratio of around 50 increases the structural influence of the middle layer on the ceiling structure. In contrast, a ratio of around 2.0 allows the middle layer to provide a comparatively large structural influence on the ceiling structure, while the intermediate layer ensures an advantageous distribution of force between the middle layer and the top layer.

Additionally or alternatively, in exemplary embodiments, the middle layer can be in particular about 1.5 times to about 20 times thicker than a cover layer of the pair of cover layers. The preferred thickness ratio between the top layer and the middle layer can be based in particular on a predetermined stiffness and/or strength to be provided by the ceiling structure, and can also take economic and/or ecological aspects into account. A large thickness ratio of the middle layer to the top layer, i.e. up to around 20, enables the top layer to have a comparatively small volume on the one hand, and therefore goes into the ceiling structure at a low cost, and only a small amount of solid wood has to be felled for it, and that the top layer, on the other hand, is a large one due to the large distance between the top layer and a central axis around which the ceiling structure is bent as a ceiling or floor Provides influence on the stiffness and/or strength of the ceiling structure. In contrast, a low thickness ratio of the middle layer to the top layer, i.e. up to around 1.5, enables the top layer to be incorporated into the ceiling structure with a comparatively large volume, and thus with a large share of the costs, and a correspondingly high proportion of solid wood has to be felled for it, and that the cover layer is configured in advance to provide a large influence on the rigidity and / or strength of the ceiling structure.

Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, in exemplary embodiments, a cover layer can be approximately 1.2 times to approximately 25 times thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers. A ratio of around 25 increases the structural influence of the top layer on the ceiling structure. In contrast, a ratio of around 1.2 allows the top layer to provide a comparatively large structural influence on the ceiling structure, while the intermediate layer ensures an advantageous distribution of force between the middle layer and the top layer.

In preferred embodiments, the cover layers of the pair of cover layers are approximately the same thickness. Additionally or alternatively, in preferred embodiments, the intermediate layers of a pair of intermediate layers of the at least one pair, whereby the one pair of intermediate layers can be determined in particular by a predetermined distance from the central layer, can be approximately the same thickness. In particularly preferred embodiments, the ceiling structure can be constructed approximately symmetrically in the thickness direction or in the height direction, in particular symmetrically with respect to a layering of the layers and/or symmetrically with respect to the thickness of the layered layers.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer Have relief grooves, wherein the relief grooves preferably comprise a plurality of relief grooves which are arranged spaced apart from one another in a thickness direction of the ceiling structure.

Due to the relief grooves in the middle layer, when a bending load is applied to the middle layer, which leads to different expansions on opposite sides in the thickness direction of the middle layer, crack formation and crack development in the middle layer can be advantageously reduced or even avoided without significantly reducing the strength of the middle layer . This also advantageously makes it possible to make the middle layer thicker than the other layers in order to be able to produce the ceiling structure particularly economically. Consequently, the introduction of relief grooves ensures, in particular, an advantageous longevity of the central layer itself and of the ceiling structure as a whole.

In exemplary embodiments, the middle layer has a plurality of solid woods or solid wood elements, such as boards made of solid wood, which are arranged next to one another, in particular are arranged next to one another in a plane which is essentially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the middle layer or the ceiling structure. The relief grooves can in particular be introduced or arranged on a side of a solid wood element which faces a further solid wood element, in particular a laterally adjacent solid wood element of the middle layer. Furthermore, the relief grooves introduced or arranged on one side of the solid wood element can be spaced apart from one another in the height or thickness direction of the ceiling structure.

By introducing a plurality of relief grooves, preferably spaced apart in the thickness direction of the middle layer, on one side of a solid wood element of the middle layer, stress peaks in the middle layer, in particular in the comparatively thick middle layer, can preferably be reduced and the longevity of the middle layer and thus of the ceiling structure can be increased economical manufacturability of the ceiling structure is ensured.

Furthermore, the relief grooves advantageously promote a heat-insulating effect of the ceiling structure, as well as a diffusion-open design of the ceiling structure, through the air pockets formed or through the air channels at least in sections, whereby the removal of moisture is improved. Better removal of moisture also enables the ceiling structure to create a room climate that reduces or avoids permanently damp ceilings and the formation of condensation on the ceiling.

In exemplary embodiments, the relief grooves can extend continuously on one side of a solid wood element of the middle layer. In other words, the relief grooves can each extend continuously across the ceiling structure, in particular at a certain height of the middle layer, they can extend continuously through the middle layer essentially perpendicular to the thickness or height direction.

In alternative embodiments, the relief grooves can have a sectionally interrupted course, and in other words, in particular, do not extend continuously through the central layer.

The relief grooves can preferably have a cross section that is essentially flat, in particular wider than it is high. In other words, the relief grooves can have a substantially flat cross section transverse to their respective extension direction, with the cross section of the relief groove being wider than it is high with respect to the height or thickness direction of the ceiling structure.

This advantageously makes it possible for a larger scope of the relief grooves to be provided with a comparatively same volume reduction of the central layer due to the relief grooves. In other words, the relief grooves preferably have a substantially flat cross section, which provides an enlarged circumference for improved diffusion openness with comparatively the same structural removal from the solid wood element of the middle layer. In In exemplary embodiments, the relief grooves may have a width to thickness or height ratio in the range of about 1.5 to about 12.0, preferably in the range of about 3.0 to 7.0. For example, with a central layer approximately 8 cm to 15 cm thick, a respective relief groove can have a relief groove width of approximately 8 mm to approximately 1.6 cm and a relief groove thickness of approximately 1.5 mm to approximately 4 mm.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer, the at least one pair of intermediate layers and the pair of cover layers can be glued to the layers adjacent in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure.

By gluing the layers adjacent in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, i.e. the middle layer, the at least one intermediate layer of at least one pair of intermediate layers and the cover layer of the pair of cover layers, a cohesive connection between the layers of the ceiling structure is advantageously provided. The cohesive connection can be particularly advantageously provided in addition to a positive and/or non-positive connection of the adjacent layers in order to enable advantageous load transfer and load distribution between the layers, in particular between the middle layer and the cover layers.

In preferred embodiments, the glue comprises a melamine resin, in particular a melamine resin-and-hardener system. In particular, the glue can consist of a melamine resin and hardener system. The glue comprising a melamine resin or a melamine resin-and-hardener system advantageously promotes moisture transport during curing and after curing. In other words, a melamine resin or a melamine resin-and-hardener system as a glue advantageously improves the diffusion openness of the ceiling structure, i.e. the moisture transport through the ceiling structure.

In alternative embodiments, the glue may include additional or different adhesives, which in turn may be, for example, but not limited to, resin-and-hardener systems, such as a polyurethane (PU) resin or a polyurethane resin-and-hardener system. A polyurethane resin and hardener system is generally less open to diffusion than a melamine resin and hardener system, but enables curing with less energy.

In exemplary embodiments, solid wood elements of the middle layer can be glued laterally to one another and on opposite sides in the thickness direction, each with an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.

In preferred embodiments, the solid wood elements of the middle layer can only be glued to one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers on the opposite sides of the solid wood elements of the middle layer in the thickness direction.

In other words, in preferred embodiments, the middle layer can have a plurality of solid wood elements that are stacked next to one another. The majority of the solid wood elements of the middle layer can in particular be stacked next to one another in an unconnected manner, i.e. stacked next to one another without glue applied in between. Preferably, solid wood elements of the plurality of solid wood elements of the middle layer can each be connected in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or by means of glue to adjacent intermediate layers. In particularly preferred embodiments, in particular only the intermediate layers can be or can be provided with glue, in particular can be or can be provided with glue on a side facing the middle layer.

Furthermore, the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be or will be connected to an adjacent cover layer of the pair of cover layers in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or by means of gluing. If the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers comprise wood, in particular solid wood, they can in particular be layered next to one another and can optionally be glued laterally adjacent or laterally be stacked next to each other, unconnected.

Furthermore, in preferred embodiments, the cover layers of the pair of cover layers can have a plurality of solid wood elements which are stacked next to one another. The majority of the solid wood elements of the respective top layer can in particular be stacked next to one another, connected or unconnected. Preferably, solid wood elements of the plurality of solid wood elements of the top layer can each be connected in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or with adjacent intermediate layers by means of glue.

In exemplary embodiments, if the glue comprises or is a resin-and-hardener system, a solid wood element of one of the layers of the ceiling structure can be provided with a resin, in particular in sections, preferably at points, by the solid wood element passing through a glue shower or a resin shower or through a Resin shower is guided or moved. The resin can advantageously be applied and/or adhere to the solid wood element in a distributed manner.

In preferred embodiments, a solid wood element can be guided and/or moved through the resin shower, in particular obliquely or inclined or tilted, so that the resin shower is configured, by means of a single passage and/or movement of the solid wood element through the resin shower, on a plurality of sides of the solid wood element, in particular a gluing side and a narrow side to be provided with resin, in particular in sections, preferably at points.

In exemplary embodiments, a solid wood element of a top layer of the pair of top layers can be provided with glue by guiding and/or bringing it through the resin shower once, i.e. preferably in particular a single time. As a result, preferably only one side of a top and bottom side of the solid wood element, in other words a gluing side, and only one side of one of two lateral sides of the solid wood element, in other words a narrow side, are provided with resin, in particular in sections, preferably at points Mistake.

In further exemplary embodiments, a solid wood element of the intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be provided with glue by guiding and/or moving it through the resin shower at least once, preferably at least once. As a result, at least one side of a top and bottom side of the solid wood element (glue side) and at least one side of one of two lateral sides of the solid wood element (narrow side) are preferably provided with resin, in particular in sections, preferably at points. In preferred embodiments, a solid wood element of the intermediate layer can be provided with glue exactly once.

In alternative embodiments, a solid wood element of the intermediate layer can be provided with glue several times, i.e. passed and/or moved through the resin shower several times, in particular provided with glue twice.

While providing a solid wood element of the intermediate layer once allows for a particularly economical application of glue to the solid wood element of the intermediate layer or allows a particularly economical application of glue to a solid wood element of the intermediate layer, providing a solid wood element of the intermediate layer with glue twice allows for a particularly secure connection Cover layer and the middle layer can be provided by means of the intermediate layer.

Preferably, when the solid wood element of the intermediate layer is provided with glue twice, the solid wood element can be twisted by 180° each time with glue. In other words, when the solid wood element of the intermediate layer is provided twice with glue between the respective times of applying glue, the solid wood element of the intermediate layer can be twisted, in particular about its longitudinal direction or its wood fiber direction, in particular by 180 °.

In further preferred embodiments, the provision of the Solid wood element with glue, in particular the solid wood element of the intermediate layer with glue, in particular an inclination of the solid wood element relative to an application direction with glue, in particular an inclination of a width direction of the solid wood element relative to the application direction with glue, in particular without being perpendicular to the application direction. In other words, providing the solid wood element with glue can in particular include providing with glue an inclined solid wood element, in particular a solid wood element that is inclined with respect to the application direction. In other words, providing the solid wood element with glue can in particular include tilting the solid wood element when providing it with glue.

By tilting the solid wood element when it is provided with glue, both a glue side and a narrow side of the solid wood element can advantageously be provided with glue at the same time. The gluing side of the solid wood element is the side of the solid wood element which extends essentially in the width direction and longitudinal direction of the solid wood element. The narrow side of the solid wood element is the side of the solid wood element which extends essentially in the thickness direction and longitudinal direction of the solid wood element. The thickness direction of the solid wood element is the smaller or shorter side, in other words the narrower side, of the solid wood element compared to the width direction.

Tilting the solid wood element when providing it with glue enables a solid wood element, in particular for a solid wood element of the intermediate layer, an advantageously economical application of glue to only one side of a top and bottom side of the solid wood element (glue side) and only one side of one of two lateral sides of the solid wood element (Narrow side), in case of a one-time application of glue. On the other hand, tilting the solid wood element relative to the direction in which glue is applied allows all four circumferential sides of the solid wood element to be provided with glue if glue is applied twice, which enables a secure connection between the middle layer and the top layer.

The above-mentioned application of glue can be carried out more than once, twice, three or four times in further alternative embodiments. Furthermore, in alternative embodiments, in particular a solid wood element of the middle layer can be provided with glue.

In preferred embodiments, in particular only the cover layers of the pair of cover layers and the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be or will be provided with glue, in particular only the solid wood elements of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers and the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be provided with glue be or become. In other words, the layers of the present ceiling structure can be connected using glue, with the middle layer, in particular the solid wood elements of the middle layer, not being provided with glue before connecting to the intermediate layers.

By only applying glue to the intermediate layers and the cover layers, the connection of the middle layer and cover layers can be advantageously carried out in a time-saving manner using the intermediate layers. Furthermore, depending on the glue, particular application times for the glue, which can depend on the type of wood used, can be maintained with regard to the different layers of middle layer, intermediate layer and top layer, so that an advantageous connection between the middle layer and top layers can be provided.

For example, a first cover layer can initially be or will be provided with glue, in particular a solid wood element of a first cover layer can be or will be provided with glue. This is particularly advantageous if the wood of the top layer has a comparatively long setting time for the glue, such as with melamine resin on beech.

The first cover layer can then in particular be draped or laid out, in particular draped or laid out in such a way that solid wood elements of the first cover layer face each other in the width direction. An underside of the first cover layer can in particular form a side of the first cover layer and the ceiling structure that is lowest in the thickness direction. The underside of the first cover layer is preferably not provided with glue. The top side of the first cover layer, i.e. the side lying essentially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, which faces the middle layer, and in other words is essentially opposite the underside in the thickness direction, can in particular be or will be provided with glue.

A first intermediate layer can be draped or laid out on the first cover layer, wherein the first intermediate layer can have an underside, which faces the first cover layer in the thickness direction, and can have an upper side opposite in the thickness direction, which in other words faces the middle layer, or the facing the middle layer that is yet to be draped or laid out. The first intermediate layer can in particular comprise solid wood elements which face each other in the width direction and are or will be provided with glue on the top, additionally or alternatively on the underside.

In exemplary embodiments, any additional intermediate layers can be draped or laid out on the first intermediate layer.

In preferred embodiments, the middle layer can be draped or laid out on the first intermediate layer. The middle layer can have an underside, which faces the first intermediate layer in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, and an upper side opposite in the thickness direction, which in other words faces a second intermediate layer, or faces the second intermediate layer that is still to be draped or laid out. The middle layer can in particular comprise solid wood elements which face each other laterally. In exemplary embodiments, the solid wood elements of the middle layer can be aligned upright on the first intermediate layer in their width direction. In other words, the solid wood elements can be the middle layer be arranged with their respective width direction parallel to the thickness direction of the ceiling structure. In preferred embodiments, the solid wood elements of the middle layer are draped or laid out on the first intermediate layer without glue, in particular without glue.

In particular, a second intermediate layer can be draped or laid out on the middle layer, wherein the second intermediate layer can have an underside, which faces the middle layer in the thickness direction, and can have an upper side opposite in the thickness direction, which in other words faces a second cover layer, or the facing the second cover layer that is still to be draped or laid out. The second intermediate layer can in particular comprise solid wood elements which face each other in the width direction and are or will be provided with glue on the underside, additionally or alternatively on the top.

In particular, the second cover layer of the pair of cover layers can then be draped onto the second intermediate layer, in particular draped or laid out in such a way that solid wood elements of the second cover layer face each other in the width direction. An underside of the second cover layer can in particular form a side of the second cover layer that is lowest in the thickness direction, and in other words can face the second intermediate layer. The underside of the second cover layer is preferably provided with glue. The top side of the second cover layer, i.e. the side lying essentially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, which is opposite the underside of the second cover layer, and in other words can form an upper side of the ceiling structure, in particular cannot be or will not be provided with glue.

In exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure can comprise five layers, in particular comprising, preferably in the thickness direction in this order from bottom to top, the first cover layer, the first intermediate layer, the middle layer, the second intermediate layer and the second cover layer.

In further exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure may comprise a number of layers other than five. For example, the ceiling structure can in particular comprise 6, 7, 8 or 9 layers, without being limited to this. The ceiling structure can in particular, preferably in the thickness direction in this order from bottom to top, a first cover layer, a first intermediate layer, one or more further first intermediate layers, a middle layer, a second intermediate layer, one or more further second intermediate layers ), and a second cover layer.

The above-mentioned provision of glue or sizing can in particular include the provision of resin. In particular, the above-mentioned provision of glue or sizing may include the provision of resin of a resin-and-hardener system.

In preferred embodiments, a solid wood element of a cover layer of the pair of cover layers, a solid wood element of one or more intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, and / or a solid wood element of the middle layer can have a hardener in addition to being provided with glue or gluing.

In preferred embodiments, a solid wood element can be provided with hardener using a string process. With the cord process, a glued solid wood element can preferably be provided with hardener cord by cord. Providing hardener in cords can in particular include applying or attaching sections spaced apart from one another, in particular cord sections or cords with hardener. The spaced sections or cord sections or cords can be spaced apart from one another in particular in a spatial direction along a surface of a solid wood element. In the cord process, for example, spaced serpentine lines with hardener, parallel, spaced lines with hardener, interrupted, spaced lines with hardener, and / or punctiform, spaced sections with hardener can be on or on the solid wood element, in particular the glued one, in particular Solid wood element provided with resin can be applied or attached.

Using the string method for providing or applying hardener makes it possible to ensure an advantageous distribution of hardener on or on the solid wood element. This further ensures that the glue is attached to the respective solid wood element, especially if the glue comprises a resin and hardener system.

In exemplary embodiments, the glue may comprise a melamine resin, particularly in combination with a melamine resin hardener as a melamine resin-and-hardener system. The above-mentioned string method may in particular include applying or attaching resin while maintaining a distance in a range of about 4 mm to about 12 mm, preferably in a range of about 6 mm to about 10 mm, particularly preferably of about 8 mm . The distances mentioned above represent preferred distances for an exemplary glue comprising a melamine resin in combination with a melamine resin hardener, so that a resource-saving and essentially comprehensively effective connection can be produced.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the ceiling structure can have at least fire protection class F 30 B.

By configuring the ceiling structure with a fire protection class of at least F 30 B, a ceiling structure is advantageously provided which is for a multi-story building, in particular for a multi-story building which is essentially made of or with wood.

An exemplary fire protection class, which is above F 30 B with regard to the existing ceiling structure, can be, for example, F 60 B, F 90 B or F 120 B.

Because the ceiling structure has at least fire protection class F 30 B, it is advantageously possible for the ceiling structure to be fundamentally combustible on the one hand Material, in particular wood, but on the other hand the ceiling structure retains its heat-insulating function for over 30 minutes or longer in the event of a fire.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, at least one of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers can have at least partially closed pores.

By having at least one of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers closed pores, it is advantageously made possible for less or even no resin or other potentially fire-promoting substances to emerge from the cover layer in the event of a fire, so that the ceiling structure by means of the at least one cover layer with closed pores has an advantageous one Provides fire protection.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, at least one of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers can be sanded and/or dried, preferably dried at a temperature of at least about 58 ° C.

By sanding at least one of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers, the fire protection properties of the ceiling structure are advantageously enhanced. Sanding the top layer means that in the event of a possible fire, there is less surface area available to the fire, and the top layer and thus the ceiling structure only catch fire with comparative difficulty.

Drying the top layer and/or the ceiling structure, especially at a temperature of 58 °C, advantageously allows proteins in the wood to denature, meaning that they are not available as food for a possible pest. Drying the cover layers and/or the ceiling structure thus advantageously enables the longevity of the ceiling structure to be increased.

In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer has or has one or more intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers and / or one or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers Moisture content in the range from about 4% to about 12%, preferably a moisture content in the range from about 6% to about 9%,
wherein the moisture content is preferably present before the layers of the ceiling structure are glued together.

By ensuring a moisture content of one or more of the layers in the range of approximately 4% to approximately 12%, cracking of the respective layer during use can advantageously be reduced or prevented. Ensuring a moisture content in the range of about 6% to about 9% further increases the likelihood of reducing or preventing cracking of a particular layer in use.

If the respective moisture content is already determined before gluing the respective layers or solid wood elements, which are configured to form the respective layers, the gluing is further advantageously improved, in which case, in particular, the tightening time can be set comparatively precisely and can also be shortened.

In exemplary embodiments, the solid wood elements are air-dried for several weeks to reduce a moisture content in the wood and in particular to achieve a moisture content in the range specified above or close to the range specified above, for example from about 20% to about 15%.

In further exemplary embodiments, the solid wood elements may be stored in a conditioning chamber for a predetermined time to achieve the moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably in the range of about 6% to about 9%.

In preferred embodiments, the solid wood elements can be conditioned by means of conditioning, in particular in a conditioning chamber, such that they reach a temperature of at least 58 ° C and a moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably in the range of reach about 6% to about 9%.

The conditioning of the solid wood elements can take place in particular before gluing the solid wood elements.

By drying the solid wood elements, in particular the solid wood elements of the top layer, to a temperature of at least 58 ° C, the pores can advantageously be reduced or withered, which advantageously makes it more difficult for the respective layers and in particular the top layers to absorb moisture during use.

• Bereitstellen einer Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung einer Mittellage;
• Bereitstelen einer Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung zumindest eines Paares von Zwischenlagen;
• Bereitstellen einer Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung eines Paares von Decklagen;
• Verleimen der die jeweiligen Lagen bildenden Massivholzelemente mittels eines Leims, insbesondere in Dickenrichtung,
  • -- wobei die Massivholzelemente zur Bildung eines Paares von Decklagen im Wesentlichen in einer gleichen Holzfaserrichtung ausgerichtet sind, wie eine Holzfaserrichtung der Massivholzelemente der Mittellage,
  • -- wobei die Massivhoizelemente zur Bildung eines Paares von Decklagen sandwichartig um die Massivholzelemente zur Bildung der Mittellage angeordnet sind; und
  • -- wobei die Massivholzelemente zur Bildung zumindest einer Zwischenlage des zu bildenden zumindest einen Paares von Zwischenlagen jeweils zwischen den Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der Mittellage und den Massivholzelementen zur Bildung einer Decklage des zu bildenden Paares von Decklagen und der Mittellage angeordnet sind;
• Verpressen der die Mittellage, die Zwischenlagen und die Decklagen bildenden Massivholzelemente; und
• Aushärten des Leims.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a ceiling structure, in particular a ceiling structure according to the preceding aspect, the method comprising the steps:

• Providing a plurality of solid wood elements to form a middle layer;
• Providing a plurality of solid wood elements to form at least a pair of intermediate layers;
• Providing a plurality of solid wood elements to form a pair of top layers;
• Gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers using a glue, especially in the thickness direction,
  • -- wherein the solid wood elements to form a pair of cover layers are essentially aligned in the same wood fiber direction as a wood fiber direction of the solid wood elements of the middle layer,
  • -- wherein the solid heating elements to form a pair of cover layers are sandwiched around the solid wood elements to form the middle layer; and
  • -- wherein the solid wood elements to form at least one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers to be formed are each between the solid wood elements to form the middle layer and the solid wood elements to form a top layer of the pair to be formed Cover layers and the middle layer are arranged;
• Pressing the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers; and
• Hardening of the glue.

The present method for producing a ceiling structure, which is suitable, for example, for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a room ceiling or a room floor of a building, advantageously provides a method for the cost-effective production of an improved ceiling structure, in particular a structurally improved wood-based ceiling structure . In particular, an advantageously structurally reinforced ceiling structure is provided by the essentially identical wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the cover layers of the pair of cover layers.

The preferred, exemplary and alternative embodiments of the ceiling structure and their effects described above relate equally to the method of producing a ceiling structure and vice versa.

Gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of a glue, in particular in the thickness direction, particularly involves gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers in such a way that the respective layers are glued together on sides facing one another, in particular sides facing in the thickness direction. In other words, the gluing of the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of a glue, in particular in the thickness direction, particularly involves gluing the middle layer, the at least one pair of intermediate layers and the pair of cover layers to one another, in particular in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, i.e. in particular in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure facing each other, using glue.

Gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers using a glue, especially in the thickness direction, can in particular be gluing the Intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers with the middle layer, and gluing the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers with a cover layer adjacent to the respective intermediate layer, so that the middle layer, the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers and the cover layers of the pair of cover layers, especially in the thickness direction, are glued together.

In preferred embodiments, the pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers includes in particular hot pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers.

Hot pressing advantageously enables the respective solid wood elements to be pressed and the glue to harden in parallel using the heat, so that the glue can be applied and hardened advantageously quickly.

Hot pressing is particularly suitable for pressing solid wood elements, which is done using a glue based on melamine resin. Hot pressing advantageously enables particularly ecological pressing, with comparatively minor evaporations occurring as a result of the hardening.

In alternative embodiments, the pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers can in particular involve high-frequency pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers.

High-frequency pressing advantageously enables the respective solid wood elements to be pressed and the glue to harden in parallel using high frequency, similar to a microwave.

High-frequency pressing is particularly suitable for pressing Solid wood elements, which is done using a glue based on polyurethane.

• Einbringen von Entlastungsnuten in zumindest einen Teil der Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der Mittellage; und/oder
• zumindest abschnittsweises Schleifen zumindest eines Teils der Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung einer Decklage des Paares von Decklagen; und/oder
• Trocknen zumindest eines Teils der Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung einer Decklage des Paares von Decklagen, bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur von zumindest 58 °C; und/oder
• Trocknen eines oder mehrerer Massivholzelemente zur Bildung der Mittellage, zur Bildung des Paares von Decklagen und/oder zur Bildung des zumindest einen Paares von Zwischenlagen, derart, dass das eine oder die mehreren Massivholzelemente einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt im Bereich von etwa 4 % bis etwa 12 % aufweist bzw. aufweisen, bevorzugt einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt im Bereich von etwa 6 % bis etwa 9 % aufweist bzw. aufweisen, insbesondere vor dem Verleimen der die jeweiligen Lagen bildenden Massivholzelemente.

In preferred embodiments of the method for producing a ceiling structure, the method may further comprise:

• Introducing relief grooves in at least part of the plurality of solid wood elements to form the middle layer; and or
• at least partially sanding at least a portion of the plurality of solid wood elements to form a top layer of the pair of top layers; and or
• Drying at least a portion of the plurality of solid wood elements to form a top layer of the pair of top layers, preferably at a temperature of at least 58 ° C; and or
• Drying one or more solid wood elements to form the middle layer, to form the pair of cover layers and / or to form the at least one pair of intermediate layers, such that the one or more solid wood elements has a moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12% or have, preferably has or have a moisture content in the range of about 6% to about 9%, in particular before gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers.

• Auftragen des Leims auf eine erste Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung einer ersten Decklage des Paares von Decklagen;
• seitlich benachbartes Anordnen der ersten Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der ersten Decklage des Paares von Decklagen;
• Auftragen des Leims auf eine erste Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung einer ersten Zwischenlage des zumindest einen Paares von Zwischenlagen;
• seitlich benachbartes Anordnen der ersten Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der ersten Zwischenlage des zumindest einen Paares von Zwischenlagen auf den Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der ersten Decklage, insbesondere auf einer Leim aufweisenden Seite der Massivholzelemente zur Bildung der ersten Decklage;
• seitlich benachbartes Anordnen der Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der Mittellage auf den Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der ersten Zwischenlage, insbesondere auf einer Leim aufweisenden Seite der Massivholzelemente zur Bildung der ersten Zwischenlage;
• Auftragen des Leims auf eine zweite Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung einer zweiten Zwischenlage des zumindest einen Paares von Zwischenlagen;
• seitlich benachbartes Anordnen der zweiten Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der zweiten Zwischenlage des zumindest einen Paares von Zwischenlagen auf den Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der Mittellage, insbesondere mit einer Leim aufweisenden Seite der Massivholzelemente zur Bildung der ersten Zwischenlage auf den Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der Mittellage;
• Auftragen des Leims auf eine zweite Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung einer zweiten Decklage des Paares von Decklagen; und
• seitlich benachbartes Anordnen der zweiten Mehrzahl von Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der zweiten Decklage des Paares von Decklagen auf den Massivholzelementen zur Bildung der zweiten Zwischenlage.

In further preferred embodiments of the method for producing a ceiling structure, the step of gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers using a glue, in particular in the thickness direction, can in particular include:

• applying the glue to a first plurality of solid wood elements to form a first top layer of the pair of top layers;
• laterally adjacently arranging the first plurality of solid wood elements to form the first top layer of the pair of top layers;
• Applying the glue to a first plurality of solid wood elements to form a first intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers;
• laterally adjacent arrangement of the first plurality of solid wood elements to form the first intermediate layer of the at least one Pair of intermediate layers on the solid wood elements to form the first cover layer, in particular on a side of the solid wood elements that has glue to form the first cover layer;
• laterally adjacent arranging the plurality of solid wood elements to form the middle layer on the solid wood elements to form the first intermediate layer, in particular on a side of the solid wood elements that has glue to form the first intermediate layer;
• Applying the glue to a second plurality of solid wood elements to form a second intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers;
• laterally adjacent arranging the second plurality of solid wood elements to form the second intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers on the solid wood elements to form the middle layer, in particular with a side of the solid wood elements having glue to form the first intermediate layer on the solid wood elements to form the middle layer;
• applying the glue to a second plurality of solid wood elements to form a second top layer of the pair of top layers; and
• laterally adjacent arranging the second plurality of solid wood elements to form the second cover layer of the pair of cover layers on the solid wood elements to form the second intermediate layer.

The present steps for gluing make it clear that the cover layers and the intermediate layers in particular are glued or glued in. This advantageously makes it possible to individually adjust the timing of the cover layers after the glue has been applied. In other words, resting of the cover layers provided with glue, i.e. a period of time before the cover layer comes into contact with an intermediate layer, can be set individually for the respective cover layer. This also makes it possible to take into account different application times for a glue between a cover layer and an intermediate layer.

On the other hand, arranging the solid wood elements of the middle layer without having to first apply glue to the solid wood elements of the middle layer enables the solid wood elements to be handled in an advantageously simple manner, and furthermore a particularly quick arrangement of the solid wood elements of the middle layer on the solid wood elements of the first intermediate layer. As a result, the solid wood elements of the intermediate layer and the middle layer can advantageously be glued, even if they have similar tightening times, in particular have comparatively short tightening times.

By means of the present preferred method for gluing the layers of the ceiling structure, it is thus advantageously possible for the first and second cover layers to be provided with a corresponding duration or rest for a particularly long application time to accept the glue. This is particularly advantageous if the cover layers include hardwood, especially beech. Further advantageously, the present method for gluing the layers of the ceiling structure enables the first and second intermediate layers as well as the middle layer to have a comparatively short setting time, such as with softwoods, in particular spruce or pine, without significantly worsening the adhesion between the layers.

In further preferred embodiments, a step of gluing or a step of applying the glue can in particular comprise a dropwise application of resin, in particular melamine resin, and/or a line-by-line application of hardener, in particular melamine resin hardener.

Furthermore, the line-by-line application of hardener can in particular include the line-by-line application of hardener to a solid wood element provided with resin.

The cord-by-cord application of hardener can in particular include applying cords or cord-shaped sections of hardener that are spaced apart from one another.

Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. It is understood that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and that individual features of the embodiments are intended to be further covered within the scope of the appended claims Embodiments can be combined.

Figur 1

eine Schrägansicht auf einen skizzenhaften Abschnitt eines Deckenaufbaus gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 2

eine Skizze zum Aufbringen von Leim gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 3

eine Skizze zum Aufbringen von Härter gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung; und

Figur 4

ein Flussdiagramm zur Veranschaulichung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines Deckenaufbaus gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung.

It shows:

Figure 1

an oblique view of a sketchy portion of a ceiling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2

a sketch for applying glue according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3

a sketch for applying hardener according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

Figure 4

a flowchart illustrating a method for producing a ceiling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows an oblique view of a sketchy section of a ceiling structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The section of the ceiling structure 10 as in Fig. 1 shown can advantageously serve as a ceiling, in particular as a roof truss section, as a ceiling or a room floor of a building, in particular a multi-story building. The ceiling structure 10 as a whole may have any extension according to a building in which it is to be installed. For example, the ceiling structure 10 can have an extension in a width direction B and in a longitudinal direction L, in particular in the range from approximately 3 meters to approximately 7 meters or more. It is understood that the present ceiling structure is also suitable for smaller ceilings as well as for larger ceilings, and, for example, for use as a roof truss section in at least the longitudinal direction L or the width direction B can be shorter than approximately 3 meters. The thickness of the ceiling structure 10 in the thickness direction D can be in a range from approximately 8 cm to approximately 80 cm, in particular in the range from about 15 cm to about 40 cm, but without being limited thereto. The thickness of the ceiling structure 10 in the thickness direction D can be or be predetermined in particular based on a desired strength and/or rigidity in combination with a predetermined division of cover layers 30 and middle layer 20 of the ceiling structure 10.

In the Fig. 1 shown directions of the thickness direction D, the width direction B and the longitudinal direction L essentially initially refer to the ceiling structure 10, so that the ceiling structure 10 extends essentially in the longitudinal direction L and width direction B, for example between four walls of a building, and in the thickness direction D extends with its thickness, which can be divided in particular into different layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42.

Next are in Fig. 1 For example, the extension directions of the wood fibers, in other words the fiber directions FRd1, FRd2, FRm, FRz1, FRz2 of the respective layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42 and solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 are shown by means of a double arrow. The middle layer 20 and in particular the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 have or have the fiber direction FRm, which can correspond in particular approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extent of the individual solid wood elements 25. In the Fig. 1 The fiber direction shown FRm of the middle layer 20 is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10. The first cover layer 30, 31 and in particular the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 30, 31 have or have the fiber direction FRd1, which in particular approximately in a longitudinal direction or can correspond to a direction of a longitudinal extent of the individual solid wood elements 35. In the Fig. 1 The fiber direction shown FRd1 of the first cover layer 30, 31 is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10, and can also in particular be approximately parallel to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20. The second cover layer 30, 32 and in particular the solid wood elements 35 of the second cover layer 30, 32 have or have the fiber direction FRd2, which can correspond in particular approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extent of the individual solid wood elements 35. In the Fig. 1 shown Fiber direction FRd2 of the second cover layer 30, 32 is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10, and can also in particular be approximately parallel to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20. The first intermediate layer 40, 41 and in particular the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 40, 41 have or have the fiber direction FRz1, which can correspond in particular approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extent of the individual solid wood elements 45. In the Fig. 1 shown fiber direction FRz1 of the first intermediate layer 40, 41 is, for example, approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10, and can also be in particular approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 and / or approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRd1 of the first cover layer 30, be 31. The second intermediate layer 40, 42 and in particular the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 40, 42 have or have the fiber direction FRz2, which can correspond in particular approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extent of the individual solid wood elements 45. In the Fig. 1 shown fiber direction FRz2 of the second intermediate layer 40, 42 is, for example, approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10, and can also be in particular approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 and / or approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRd2 of the second cover layer 30, be 32.

As in Fig. 1 merely indicated, the layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42 which form the ceiling structure 10 can in particular each have solid wood or have solid wood elements 25, 35, 45: which, when lined up or next to each other, form a respective layer 20, 30, Clamp 31, 32, 40, 41, 42.

As in Fig. 1 shown, the ceiling structure 10 can have a cover layer 30, in particular a first cover layer 31, as the lowest layer in the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10. The cover layer 30 and in particular the first cover layer 31 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, in other words formed by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 35.

The solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, preferably both the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32, can in particular have approximately the same thickness. As in Fig. 1 shown, the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, in particular the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32, can have an extension in the longitudinal direction relative to a solid wood element 35, which is larger than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is larger than an extension in the thickness direction . The thickness direction of the solid wood element 35 can in particular correspond approximately to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10. The longitudinal direction of the solid wood element 35 can, but is not limited to, in particular approximately that in Fig. 1 correspond to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it. The width direction of the solid wood element 35 can correspond to, but is not limited to, in particular approximately that in Fig. 1 correspond to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it.

The solid wood elements 35 of the top layer 30 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular be arranged next to one another, i.e. arranged facing each other in the width direction of the solid wood elements 35. In preferred embodiments, but without being limited to this, the cover layer 30 can be or will be formed in the thickness direction D in particular by means of a single solid wood element 35. In alternative embodiments, and in particular depending on the actual thickness of the cover layer 30, the cover layer 30 can also be or will be formed by several solid wood elements 35 in the thickness direction D.

In preferred embodiments, however not explicitly stated in Fig. 1 shown, the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30 can be or will be glued in the direction in which they face each other. In other words, the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30 can be or will be glued together, in particular on the side facing each other.

The first and second cover layers 31, 32 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular form or represent outer or outermost layers with regard to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure. Furthermore, the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32 can in particular be arranged substantially symmetrically to one another in the ceiling structure 10, in particular substantially symmetrical with respect to their thickness in the thickness direction D and/or substantially symmetrical with respect to the orientation of their wood fiber direction. The symmetry of the first and second cover layers 31, 32 can relate in particular to a plane of symmetry which forms the middle layer 20, in particular to an imaginary plane of symmetry which forms a middle plane in the thickness direction D in the middle layer 20.

How further in Fig. 1 shown, the ceiling structure 10 can have an intermediate layer 40, in particular a first intermediate layer 41, following the first cover layer 35 in the thickness direction D. The intermediate layer 40 and in particular the first intermediate layer 41 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, in other words formed by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 45.

The solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, preferably both the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42, can in particular have approximately the same thickness. As in Fig. 1 indicated, the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, in particular the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42, can have an extension in the longitudinal direction relative to a solid wood element 45, which is larger than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is larger than an extension in the thickness direction . The thickness direction of the solid wood element 45 can in particular correspond approximately to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10. The longitudinal direction of the solid wood element 45 can, but is not limited to, in particular approximately that in Fig. 1 correspond to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it. The width direction of the solid wood element 45 can correspond to, but is not limited to, in particular approximately that in Fig. 1 correspond to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it.

In other words, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can in particular be arranged or aligned essentially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31. In other words, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned essentially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, in particular with respect to the wood fiber direction FRd1 or the longitudinal direction. In alternative embodiments, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned, in particular twisted relative to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, in particular in a plane parallel to a plane spanned by the in Fig. 1 shown directions longitudinal direction L and width direction B rotated with respect to the wood fiber direction or the longitudinal direction to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31 can be arranged or aligned. The solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can in particular be in a range from about 20° to about 90°, preferably from about 40° to about 90°, more preferably from about 60° to about 90°, and particularly preferably from about 70° to be arranged or aligned approximately 90 ° or aligned differently to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31. By means of the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 which are arranged or aligned in a twisted manner relative to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, a positive connection can be provided, with the intermediate layer 40, in particular the first intermediate layer 41, providing an advantageous distribution of force between the middle layer 20 and the cover layer 30. in particular between the middle layer 20 and the first cover layer 31.

The solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular be arranged next to one another, i.e. arranged facing each other in the width direction of the solid wood elements 45. In preferred embodiments, but without being limited to this, the intermediate layer 40 can be or will be formed in the thickness direction D in particular by means of a single solid wood element 45. In alternative embodiments, and in particular depending on the actual thickness of the intermediate layer 40, the intermediate layer 40 can also be formed by several solid wood elements 45 in the thickness direction D or become.

In preferred embodiments, and as in Fig. 1 shown, the solid wood elements 45 can be glued in the direction in which they face each other. In other words, the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can be provided with glue 50, in particular on the side facing one another, and can be or will be glued to one another on the side facing one another. Alternatively or additionally, the first intermediate layer 41 and/or the second intermediate layer 42 can have glue 50 at least on a side facing the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D. Further alternatively or additionally, the first intermediate layer 41 and/or the second intermediate layer 42 can have glue 50 at least on a side facing away from the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D, i.e. have glue 50 on the side facing the cover layers 30.

The first and second intermediate layers 41, 42 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular with regard to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure, form or represent layers lying between a respective cover layer 31, 32 and the middle layer 20. Furthermore, the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42 can in particular be arranged essentially symmetrically to one another in the ceiling structure 10, in particular be essentially symmetrical with respect to their thickness in the thickness direction D and/or be aligned essentially symmetrically with respect to their wood fiber direction. The symmetry of the first and second intermediate layers 41, 42 can relate in particular to a plane of symmetry which forms the middle layer 20, in particular to an imaginary plane of symmetry which forms a middle plane in the thickness direction D in the middle layer 20.

How further in Fig. 1 shown, the ceiling structure 10 can have the middle layer 20 following the first intermediate layer 41 in the thickness direction D. The middle layer 20 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, in other words formed by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 25.

The solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can in particular have approximately the same extent in the thickness direction D. As in Fig. 1 indicated, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, relative to themselves, can have an extension in the longitudinal direction, which is larger than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is larger than an extension in the thickness direction. The thickness direction of the solid wood element 25 can in particular correspond approximately to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10. The longitudinal direction and especially the in Fig. 1 The fiber direction shown FRm of the solid wood element 25 can, without being limited to this, in particular approximately that in Fig. 1 correspond to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it. The width direction of the solid wood element 25 can correspond to, but is not limited to, in particular approximately that in Fig. 1 correspond to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it.

In other words, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can in particular be arranged or aligned essentially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41. In other words, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be arranged or aligned essentially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41, particularly with respect to the wood fiber direction FRm or the longitudinal direction. In alternative embodiments, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can in particular be arranged or aligned in a twisted or differently oriented manner relative to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41, in particular in a plane parallel to a plane spanned by the in Fig. 1 shown directions longitudinal direction L and width direction B rotated with respect to the wood fiber direction FRm or the longitudinal direction to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned. Thus, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be in particular in a range from about 20° to about 90°, preferably from about 40° to about 90°, more preferably from about 60° to about 90°, and particularly preferably from about 70° rotated up to approximately 90 ° or aligned differently to the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20. Thanks to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 twisted or differently arranged or aligned solid wood elements 25, a positive connection can be provided, the intermediate layer 40, in particular the first intermediate layer 41, an advantageous distribution of force between the middle layer 20 and the cover layer 30, in particular between the middle layer 20 and the first cover layer 31 allows.

The solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular be arranged adjacent to one another in their thickness direction, i.e. be arranged facing one another in the thickness direction of the solid wood elements 25. In preferred embodiments, but without being limited to this, the middle layer 20 can be and/or be formed in the thickness direction D in particular by means of a single solid wood element 25. In alternative embodiments, and in particular depending on the actual thickness of the middle layer 20, the middle layer 20 can also be or will be formed by several solid wood elements 25 in the thickness direction D.

In exemplary embodiments, however, not explicitly stated in Fig. 1 shown, the solid wood elements 25 can be or will be glued in the direction in which they face each other. In other words, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be or will be glued together, in particular on the side facing each other.

In preferred embodiments, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be stacked or layered in the direction in which they face each other, in particular stacked or layered dry, that is to say without glue in between. Alternatively or additionally, the middle layer 20 can have glue at least on a side facing the intermediate layers 40 in the thickness direction D.

The middle layer 20 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular with regard to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure, be arranged centrally. In other words, the middle layer 20 can be between a first pair of intermediate layers, in particular in the thickness direction D 40 may be arranged, in particular in the thickness direction D between the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layers 42. The wood fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 can preferably essentially correspond to the wood fiber direction FRd1, FRd2 of the first and/or the second cover layer 31, 32 or be parallel thereto. Accordingly, the wood fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 can be essentially perpendicular to the wood fiber direction FRz1, FRz2 of the first and/or the second intermediate layer 41, 42, or at least rotated to the wood fiber direction FRz1, FRz2 of the first and/or the second intermediate layer 41, 42.

How further in Fig. 1 shown, follows the middle layer 20 from bottom to top in the thickness direction D, in particular the second intermediate layer 42, and on this in turn the second cover layer 32. The solid wood elements 45 and 35 of the respective intermediate layer 42 and cover layer 32 can preferably essentially correspond to that the first intermediate layer 41 and in particular the first cover layer 31 be aligned.

The in Fig. 1 Ceiling structure 10 sketched in this way as an example has in particular five layers, which are aligned in such a way that the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 and the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layers 30, 31, 32 are essentially aligned in the same direction and thereby support each other in a structurally aligned manner. The intermediate layers 40, 41, 42 of the at least one pair of intermediate layers 40 supports and connects the cover layers 30, 31, 32 to the middle layer 20 in an advantageously form-fitting and/or cohesive manner and, due to their preferably twisted orientation, enables in particular a particularly advantageous distribution of force and transmission of force between them Cover layers 30, 31, 32 with the middle layer 20.

As further exemplified in Fig. 1 shown, the middle layer 20 can have one or more relief grooves 24. The middle layer 20 can preferably have a plurality of relief grooves 24 spaced apart in the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10. In exemplary embodiments, the middle layer 20 can be one or at least two, three, four, five, six, spaced apart from one another in the thickness direction D. seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen or more relief grooves 24.

As in Fig. 1 shown, but not limited to, each solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20 can have one or more relief grooves 24. Alternatively, only individual solid wood elements 25 of the plurality of solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can have one or more relief grooves 24.

The relief grooves 24 can, for example, extend continuously along the longitudinal direction of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20, or interrupted or extend in sections along the longitudinal direction of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20.

The relief grooves 24 advantageously increase the bendability, advantageously serve as crack stoppers and also improve the diffusion openness of the ceiling structure 10. In exemplary embodiments, however, not in Fig. 1 shown, one or more solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can also have at least one relief groove, and / or one or more solid wood elements 35 of the top layer 30 can have at least one relief groove.

In the Fig. 1 Relief grooves 24 shown are each arranged on one side of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20, which faces a further solid wood element 25. A solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20 can have the relief grooves 24 on both sides facing other solid wood elements 25, or only on one of the two other solid wood elements 25 facing sides.

The respective solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 can be connected in their respective longitudinal direction to one or both sides to two further respective solid wood elements 25, 35, 45. For example, several solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 can be galvanized together in the longitudinal direction of a respective solid wood element 25, 35, 45. be.

Fig. 2 shows a sketch for applying glue 50 to a solid wood element, for example using a solid wood element 35, 45 of a cover layer 30 and/or an intermediate layer 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The solid wood elements 35, 45 on the as in Fig. 2 Glue 50 shown can be applied in particular as solid wood elements for the in Fig. 1 shown positions serve.

Contrary to what is shown in Fig. 2 , the solid wood elements 35, 45 do not have to be the same size to be consistent with an embodiment of the present invention.

As in Fig. 2 clarified, glue 50 can be applied or applied to a solid wood element 35, 45, in particular in spots or in sections. In the Fig. 2 Solid wood elements 35, 45 shown can be moved and/or driven for the application or application of glue 50, in particular through a glue shower or resin shower, in order to apply or apply glue 50 in points or sections on at least one side of the solid wood element 35, 35. The movement and/or driving can take place in particular in a direction perpendicular to the sheet on which the Fig. 2 is shown, i.e. into the sheet or into the figure or out of the sheet or out of the figure.

In the Fig. 2 The application direction A of the glue 50 shown corresponds essentially to a top-bottom direction and can in particular be caused by the weight of the glue 50, which is dispensed or applied, for example, from a nozzle, a valve, or the like.

As in Fig. 2 shown, the solid wood element 35, 45, which is provided with glue 50, can be inclined relative to the application direction A of the glue 50. In particular, the solid wood element 35, 45, which is provided with glue 50, can be inclined relative to the application direction A of the glue 50 without being arranged perpendicular to the application direction of the glue 50.

In preferred embodiments, the solid wood element 35, 45 can be inclined with respect to the application direction A with a top or bottom side (gluing side), in other words with a side which is essentially perpendicular to the thickness or thickness direction of the solid wood element 35, 45. preferably be inclined in a range from about 20° to about 80°, particularly preferably by about 60°.

As in Fig. 2 shown, the tilting of the solid wood element 35, 45 relative to the application direction A enables at least two of the four sides of the solid wood element 35, 45 to be provided with glue 50 at the same time, in particular that one glue side and a narrow side of the solid wood element 35, 45 can be provided with glue 50 at the same time can be provided. In Fig. 2 the shorter side facing the glue 50 represents the narrow side, and the longer side facing the glue 50 represents the gluing side. The end faces of a solid wood element 35, 45 do not necessarily have to be provided with glue 50 and should be from the aforementioned two or four sides of the solid wood element 35, 45 not be included.

If all four sides of a solid wood element 35, 45 are to be provided with glue 50, i.e. all sides of the solid wood element 35, 45 apart from the two end faces, the glue 50 can advantageously be applied in just two passes or passages of the solid wood element 35, 45 through the glue shower or be applied. The tilting of the solid wood elements 35, 45 when providing or applying glue 50 therefore advantageously enables the process economy of the manufacturing method to be increased, and integrally when providing or applying glue 50 the glue 50 at least in sections, due to gravity, on the solid wood element 35, 45 distribute, which in turn improves the process economy of the manufacturing process of the ceiling structure 10, particularly in terms of time.

Although the Fig. 2 If it essentially refers to solid wood elements 35, 45 of the top layer 30 and the intermediate layer 40, it can equally refer to solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, provided that they are covered with glue 50 are provided.

Fig. 3 shows a sketch for applying hardener 60 to an exemplary solid wood element 35, 45, according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the solid wood element 35, 45 in particular is a solid wood element for forming the ceiling structure 10, as in Fig. 1 shown can be. Furthermore, this can be Fig. 3 shown solid wood element 35, 45 may have been provided with resin or glue 50 in particular before the application or application of hardener 60, in particular according to Fig. 2 .

As in Fig. 3 shown, the hardener 60, as an exemplary part of a resin-and-hardener system of a glue 50, can be applied or applied in cords to or on a solid wood element 35, 45. In other words, the hardener 60 can be applied or applied to or on the solid wood element 35, 45 along lines or imaginary lines or cords, in particular along lines or cords spaced apart from one another. The lines or cords of hardener 60 can each have a hardener distance 62 from one another, in particular in a direction, such as a width direction or a longitudinal direction of the solid wood element 35, 45. The cord-by-cord application of hardener 60 while maintaining a hardener distance 62 between the respective cords of hardener 60 advantageously enables the solid wood element 35, 45 to be provided with hardener 60 economically, while an advantageously distributed application of glue 50 to the solid wood element 35, 45 is ensured will or is. The hardener distance 62 can depend in particular on the resin-and-hardener system of the glue 50, and, for example, also depend on the respective wood that the solid wood element 35, 45 comprises.

In preferred embodiments, this can be done in Fig. 2 illustrated application of glue 50 in particular includes the application of melamine resin 50. Furthermore, this can be done in Fig. 3 illustrated application of hardener 60 in particular includes the application of melamine resin hardener 60. The melamine resin and hardener system advantageously provides a vapor-permeable resin and hardener system, which is a Diffusing moisture through the ceiling structure 10 is made possible, at least comparatively slightly hindered.

Although the Fig. 3 If it essentially refers to solid wood elements 35, 45 of the top layer 30 and the intermediate layer 40, it can equally refer to solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, provided that they are to be provided with hardener 60.

Fig. 4 shows a flowchart illustrating a method for producing a ceiling structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. By means of the in Fig. 4 The steps shown can be in particular one, as in Fig. 1 illustrated ceiling structure 10 can be produced.

The method for producing a ceiling structure 10 according to Fig. 4 includes in particular the steps: S11: - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 25 to form a central layer 20; - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 45 to form at least one pair of intermediate layers 40; - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 35 to form a pair of cover layers 30; S12: - gluing the solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 forming the respective layers 20, 30, 40 using a glue 50, in particular in the thickness direction D, -- wherein the solid wood elements 35 to form a pair of cover layers 30 are essentially aligned in a same wood fiber direction FRd1, FRd2 as a wood fiber direction FRm of the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, -- wherein the solid wood elements 35 to form a pair of cover layers 30 are sandwiched around the solid wood elements 25 to form the middle layer 20; and -- wherein the solid wood elements 45 to form at least one intermediate layer 40 of the at least one pair to be formed Intermediate layers 40 are each arranged between the solid wood elements 25 to form the middle layer 20 and the solid wood elements 35 to form a cover layer 30 of the pair of cover layers 30 to be formed; S13: - Pressing the solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 forming the middle layer 20, the intermediate layers 40 and the cover layers 30; S14: - Hardening of the glue 50.

In exemplary embodiments, step S13 can in particular include pressing the solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 forming the middle layer 20, the intermediate layers 40 and the cover layers 30 using a hot press or a high-frequency press.

Furthermore, the hot press or the high-frequency press can be configured in particular to press the respective solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 together and to harden the applied glue 50. In other words, the hot press or the high-frequency press can in particular be configured to carry out steps S13 and S14 simultaneously, i.e. to carry them out in parallel in time.

Step S12 can in particular involve the provision or application of glue 50 according to Fig. 2 and/or the provision or application of hardener 60 in accordance with Fig. 3 include.

In preferred embodiments, without being limited to this, in particular the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31 can be passed through the glue shower once Fig. 2 can be driven and/or moved. In other words, the solid wood elements 35 in particular can be configured to be provided with glue 50 once. When the solid wood elements 35 are provided with glue 50 once, the solid wood element 35 can be inclined in particular with respect to the application direction A without being perpendicular to it. This means that a solid wood element 35 of a plurality of solid wood elements 35 can advantageously be provided with glue 50 on both sides to form the first cover layer 31. The solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31 can thereby be cohesively connected to one another lying next to one another and facing the first intermediate layer 41 in the thickness direction D Have glue 50 in order to be cohesively connected to the first intermediate layer 41.

The solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be passed through the glue shower once or twice Fig. 2 can be driven and/or moved. In other words, the solid wood elements 45 in particular can be configured to be provided with glue 50 once or twice. When the solid wood elements 45 are provided with glue 50 once and/or twice, the solid wood element 45 can be inclined in particular with respect to the application direction A without being perpendicular to it. This means that a solid wood element 45 of a plurality of solid wood elements 45 can advantageously be provided with glue 50 on at least two or up to four sides to form the first intermediate layer 41. The solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can thereby be connected to one another in a materially bonded manner lying next to one another and facing the first cover layer 31 in the thickness direction D and/or facing the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D, in order to be connected to the first cover layer 31 and/or the middle layer 20 to be materially connected. The same applies to the solid wood elements 45 of the second intermediate layer 42 and to the solid wood elements 35 of the second cover layer 32.

The solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can in particular comprise or consist of softwood, in particular spruce or pine. The solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layers 40, 41, 42 can in particular be a softwood, in particular spruce or. Include or consist of jaws. The solid wood elements 35 of the intermediate layers 30, 31, 32 can in particular comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular beech. The glue 50 can in particular comprise a resin-and-hardener system or a resin of a resin-and-hardener system, for example a melamine resin, which in turn can in particular be configured to form a melamine resin and hardener system with a melamine resin hardener.

Reference symbol list

10

Ceiling structure

20

Middle position

24

Relief groove

25

Solid wood element in the middle layer

30

cover layer

31

first cover layer

32

second cover layer

35

Solid wood element of the top layer

40

Intermediate layer

41

first intermediate layer

42

second intermediate layer

45

Solid wood element of the intermediate layer

50

glue

60

Harder

62

Hardener distance

A

Order direction

b

Width direction of the ceiling structure

D

Thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure

FRd1

Fiber direction of the (first) cover layer

FRd2

Fiber direction of the (second) cover layer

FRm

Fiber direction of the middle layer

FRz1

Fiber direction of the (first) intermediate layer

FRz2

Fiber direction of the (second) intermediate layer

L

Longitudinal direction of the ceiling structure

S11 to S14

Steps of a process for producing a ceiling structure

Claims (15)

Ceiling structure (10) for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a ceiling or a room floor of a building, the ceiling structure (10) comprising: - a middle layer (20) which comprises solid wood; - a pair of cover layers (30), wherein the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) comprise solid wood, and wherein the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) are sandwiched around the middle layer (20) are arranged; and - at least one pair of intermediate layers (40), with at least one intermediate layer (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) between the middle layer (20) and a cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of Cover layers (30) are arranged and the middle layer (20) is cohesively connected to the respective cover layer (30; 31; 32); - wherein a wood fiber direction (FRm) of the middle layer (20) essentially corresponds to a wood fiber direction (FRd1; FRd2) of the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30), so that the middle layer (20) and the cover layers ( 30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) interact structurally in the same direction. The ceiling structure (10) of claim 1, wherein a first topsheet (30; 31) and a second topsheet (30; 32) form the pair of topsheets (30; 31; 32), and
wherein a first intermediate layer (40; 41) is arranged between the middle layer (20) and the first cover layer (30; 31) and a second intermediate layer (40; 42) between the middle layer (20) and the second cover layer (30; 32) is arranged. Ceiling structure (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein at least one cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) has a greater rigidity than the middle layer (20). Ceiling structure (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the middle layer (20) is thicker than at least one cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30). A ceiling structure (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the middle layer (20) comprises softwood, and wherein the top layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of top layers (30) comprise hardwood. Ceiling structure (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate layers (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) comprise softwood, a wood fiber direction (FRz1; FRz2) of the intermediate layers (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) is different from the wood fiber direction (FRm) of the middle layer (20). Ceiling structure (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the middle layer (20) has relief grooves (24), the relief grooves (24) preferably comprising a plurality of relief grooves (24) which are in a thickness direction (D) of the ceiling structure (10). are arranged spaced apart from each other. Ceiling structure (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the middle layer (20), the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) and the pair of cover layers (30) are glued to the layers adjacent in the thickness direction (D) of the ceiling structure (10). . Ceiling structure (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ceiling structure (10) has at least fire protection class F 30 B. Ceiling structure (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) has at least partially closed pores. Ceiling structure (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) is ground and/or dried, preferably dried at a temperature of at least about 58 ° C. Ceiling structure (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the middle layer (20), one or more intermediate layers (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) and / or one or both cover layers (30; 31; 32 ) of the pair of cover layers (30) has or have a moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably has or have a moisture content in the range of about 6% to about 9%,
wherein the moisture content is preferably present before the layers of the ceiling structure (10) are glued together. Method for producing a ceiling structure (10), the method comprising the steps: - (S11) providing a plurality of solid wood elements (25) to form a central layer (20); - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements (45) to form at least one pair of intermediate layers (40); - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements (35) to form a pair of cover layers (30); - (S12) gluing the solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) forming the respective layers (20; 30; 40) using a glue (50), in particular in the thickness direction (D), -- wherein the solid wood elements (35) to form a pair of cover layers (30) are essentially aligned in the same wood fiber direction (FRd1; FRd2) as a wood fiber direction (FRm) of the solid wood elements (25) of the middle layer (20), -- wherein the solid wood elements (35) to form a pair of cover layers (30) are sandwiched around the solid wood elements (25) to form the middle layer (20); and -- wherein the solid wood elements (45) to form at least one intermediate layer (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) to be formed are each between the solid wood elements (25) to form the middle layer (20) and the solid wood elements (35 ) to form a cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) to be formed are arranged; - (S13) pressing the solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) forming the middle layer (20), the intermediate layers (40) and the cover layers (30); and - (S14) Hardening of the glue (50). A method of producing a ceiling structure (10) according to claim 13, further comprising: - Introducing relief grooves (24) in at least part of the plurality of solid wood elements (25) to form the middle layer (20); and or - At least partially sanding at least part of the plurality of solid wood elements (35) to form a cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30); and or - Drying at least part of the plurality of solid wood elements (35) to form a top layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of top layers (30), preferably at a temperature of at least 58 ° C; and or - Drying one or more solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) to form the middle layer (20), to form the pair of cover layers (30) and / or to form the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40), such that the one or the plurality of solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) have or have a moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably have or have a moisture content in the range of about 6% to about 9%, in particular before gluing the solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) forming the respective layers (20; 30; 40). Method for producing a ceiling structure (10) according to one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the. Step of gluing includes a line-by-line application of hardener (60), in particular melamine resin hardener.

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