EP4242567A1 - Method and apparatus for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4242567A1
EP4242567A1 EP22020097.6A EP22020097A EP4242567A1 EP 4242567 A1 EP4242567 A1 EP 4242567A1 EP 22020097 A EP22020097 A EP 22020097A EP 4242567 A1 EP4242567 A1 EP 4242567A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas mixture
heat exchanger
partially
volume
carbon dioxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP22020097.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tobias Lautenschlager
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP22020097.6A priority Critical patent/EP4242567A1/en
Publication of EP4242567A1 publication Critical patent/EP4242567A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/80—Integration in an installation using carbon dioxide, e.g. for EOR, sequestration, refrigeration etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/60—Details about pipelines, i.e. network, for feed or product distribution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture containing at least carbon dioxide and possibly nitrogen.
  • Hydrogen can be produced or obtained from hydrocarbons such as methane, for example by steam reforming natural gas; gasification of suitable starting materials is also possible. In addition to hydrogen, this usually produces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In particular, the resulting carbon dioxide is generally viewed as a waste product. In order to be able to view the production of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide as carbon-neutral, there is the possibility of removing the resulting carbon dioxide and storing it permanently, for example by means of so-called geological storage or sequestration. The hydrogen obtained in this way is then also referred to as so-called “blue” hydrogen.
  • the geological storage of carbon dioxide depends on the geological conditions and is not possible everywhere. If the extraction of hydrogen described above does not take place in a location that is suitable for the geological storage of carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide must be transported to a suitable location. One option for this is to liquefy carbon dioxide, although this is particularly energy-intensive. In addition, the carbon dioxide is often not pure enough for storage.
  • the present invention aims to provide improved options for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture containing at least carbon dioxide.
  • the invention is concerned with at least partially liquefying a gas mixture that contains at least carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • Typical further components in a gas mixture which is obtained, for example, in the production of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide mentioned above, in particular as a waste product, are nitrogen (N 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane ( CH4 ).
  • a proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture is typically between 80% by volume and 95% by volume, and a proportion of nitrogen in the gas mixture is typically between 4% by volume and 15% by volume.
  • gas mixture is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with 92.5% by volume, nitrogen (N 2 ) with 7% by volume and hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) together with 0.5% by volume.
  • gas mixture may also contain traces of H 2 S, HCN and/or MeOH, for example.
  • the present invention takes advantage of this and proposes that for at least partially liquefying the gas mixture mentioned, containing at least carbon dioxide, a heat exchanger is used, which is also used for evaporating, in particular re-evaporating, liquid natural gas.
  • the cold resulting from the evaporation of the liquid natural gas is transferred directly to the Heat exchanger used for cooling and at least partially liquefying the carbon dioxide.
  • a heat exchanger used for cooling and at least partially liquefying the carbon dioxide.
  • processes that take place on an industrial scale, for example with volume flows of the gas mixture to be at least partially liquefied of more than 10, 50 or 100 tons of gas mixture per hour.
  • the gas mixture can first be compressed at the point of origin, for example where the hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide are obtained, for example to 10 to 25 bara, and then via a suitable pipeline to the location of the heat exchanger, i.e. a corresponding system , be transported. It makes sense, for example, to provide this heat exchanger at a location where the liquid natural gas is or will be delivered and/or stored. But a place in between is also conceivable.
  • a proportion of, for example, 5% by volume to 15% by volume of nitrogen in the gas mixture reduces the liquefaction temperature of the gas mixture in such a way that it can be cooled down to, for example, approximately -45 ° C to -55 ° C, while still There is enough distance (temperature distance) for solidification (freezing) of at least components or parts of the gas mixture.
  • impurities are deposited or separated from the gas mixture removed from the heat exchanger, i.e. at least partially liquefied, and in particular gaseous impurities.
  • the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture is then made available for further use.
  • the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture in particular has a higher proportion (preferably measured in vol.%) of carbon dioxide than the (initial) gas mixture. This is due to the fact that during the partial condensation of the (initial) gas mixture, those components that have a higher volatility compared to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (e.g. nitrogen (N 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 )) preferentially accumulate in the gas phase. In a subsequent phase separation or separation - this can be done, for example, using a suitable separator, for example at 7 to 15 bara - the gaseous components are separated from the gas mixture.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • N 2 nitrogen
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • CO carbon
  • a further enhancement of this separation effect can be achieved in particular by reducing the pressure of the gas mixture in front of the separator.
  • Pressure reduction is often required anyway, since the liquefied CO 2 is typically stored in tanks at a pressure of 6 bar to 10 bar
  • the separated impurities are then also in the form of a gas mixture that can be removed.
  • a gas mixture that can be removed.
  • These components (impurities) are transferred to the gas phase in the separator and can therefore be separated from the liquefied carbon dioxide.
  • these impurities or the corresponding gas mixture can also contain or include (gaseous) carbon dioxide, even in a relatively large proportion of, for example, more than 50% by volume. However, this is small compared to the absolute amount of remaining liquefied carbon dioxide.
  • the proportion of non-condensable components in the liquefied gas mixture is in particular below 4% by volume.
  • the proportion of carbon monoxide (CO), for example, can be reduced by around nine times.
  • the remaining at least partially liquefied gas mixture has, for example, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) proportions of 99.3% by volume, nitrogen (N 2 ) of 0.6% by volume and hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) together from 0.1% by volume.
  • the proportion of carbon monoxide (CO) in the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture is in particular less than 35 ppm.
  • the already at least partially liquefied gas mixture can be further freed of impurities (with carbon dioxide as the actual, desired component) before it is used for further use.
  • the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture is first cleaned before further use, i.e. in addition to the cleaning by the deposition. While the separation already provides a degree of purity of often more than 99% by volume of carbon dioxide in the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture, this degree of purity can be increased to such an extent that use, for example, in the food industry comes into consideration. If necessary, this can also be done for only a part of the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture.
  • a particularly preferred use of the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture is that it is sent to geological storage.
  • the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture (if necessary cleaned again) can first be temporarily stored in a storage or storage tank before it is then fed from there to the location of geological storage or transported to this location, for example by means of a tanker or via pipelines .
  • the impurities mentioned in the form of a gas mixture
  • this gas mixture can also be made available for further use.
  • the impurities or this gas mixture are fed, for example, to a cleaning system, in particular by gasification, and/or to a gas turbine (which is coupled, for example, to a compressor), which can thus be cooled or pre-cooled, for example.
  • the impurities are compressed for further use and supplied to compressed natural gas (CNG, “Compressed Natural Gas”), i.e. injected into compressed natural gas.
  • CNG compressed Natural Gas
  • the liquid natural gas is at least partially heated before it is fed to the heat exchanger for evaporation. This is particularly advantageous if the gas mixture would otherwise be cooled to such an extent that components would freeze out.
  • an intermediate circuit can be provided for the liquid natural gas, for example using a mixed coolant circuit with condensation.
  • another gas or gas mixture in particular nitrogen
  • another gas or gas mixture is at least partially liquefied as a result of the heating.
  • gaseous nitrogen or another gas or gas mixture is available and/or a Liquefaction is necessary anyway. This means that the available cold can be used even more efficiently.
  • LNG liquid natural gas
  • any type of heat exchanger can be considered as a heat exchanger, but it is particularly preferred if a spiral heat exchanger is used. This has a high specific heat transfer, allows high flow velocities, which prevents components from freezing out, and generally has a large cross-sectional area
  • the invention also relates to a system for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture containing at least carbon dioxide.
  • the system has a heat exchanger and is set up to receive the gas mixture and supply it to the heat exchanger for at least partial liquefaction.
  • the system is also set up to receive liquid natural gas and at the same time to supply it to the heat exchanger for evaporation, in particular re-evaporation.
  • the system is set up to carry out a method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 a system 100 for carrying out a method according to the invention is shown schematically in a preferred embodiment.
  • the system 100 has a heat exchanger 120, to which a gas mixture c is supplied for at least partial liquefaction 122.
  • liquid natural gas d is supplied to the heat exchanger 120 for evaporation 124.
  • the liquefaction 122 and the evaporation 124 should take place at the same time.
  • the gas mixture c is obtained here in particular as a waste product from extraction or production 110 of hydrogen a and/or carbon monoxide b.
  • This extraction 110 can be carried out, for example, in a corresponding system that is separate from the system 100.
  • the resulting gas mixture c can, as already mentioned, have, for example, a proportion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) of 92.5% by volume, of nitrogen (N 2 ) of 7% by volume and of hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) together have 0.5% by volume.
  • the gas mixture can then contain, for example, traces of H 2 S, HCN and/or MeOH.
  • the gas mixture c can then be first compressed to, for example, between 10 and 25 bara by means of a compressor 122, cooled or pre-cooled if necessary by means of a (further) heat exchanger 114 and then transported by means of a pipeline 116 to the system 100 and there to the heat exchanger 120.
  • a compressor 122 cooled or pre-cooled if necessary by means of a (further) heat exchanger 114 and then transported by means of a pipeline 116 to the system 100 and there to the heat exchanger 120.
  • this can be a distance of several kilometers to several 100 km.
  • the liquid natural gas d is removed, for example, from a storage tank 140 and, if necessary, conveyed to the heat exchanger 120 by means of a pump 142.
  • the liquid natural gas d can in turn have arrived in the storage tank 140 from a tanker 160. It is expedient if the heat exchanger 120 and the storage tank 140 are provided in one place or close together.
  • the storage tank 140 can therefore be viewed as part of the system 100.
  • the removal of the liquid natural gas d from the tanker 160 typically takes place in a corresponding terminal at a port.
  • the - then gaseous - natural gas can be used for a desired purpose.
  • the natural gas is transported to consumers such as power plants using suitable pipelines and/or stored in other gas storage facilities.
  • the gas mixture c is at least partially liquefied by means of the heat exchanger and then - as then at least partially liquefied - gas mixture f, or an at least partially liquefied gas mixture g which may remain after separation of impurities is stored or temporarily stored in a storage tank 130. From there it can, for example, be loaded into another tanker 150 and transported to a suitable location for geological storage. Depending on the situation, the (remaining) at least partially liquefied gas mixture can also be loaded directly into a tanker, transported away directly using pipelines, or also transported away from the storage tank 130 using pipelines for geological storage or for other use.
  • the heat exchanger 120 can be seen, to which on the one hand the gas mixture c to be at least partially liquefied (from the pipeline 116) and on the other hand the liquid natural gas d (from the storage tank 140, the pump is not shown here) are supplied.
  • the heat exchanger 120 is preferably a spiral heat exchanger.
  • the gas mixture c can, for example, have a proportion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) of 92.5% by volume, of nitrogen (N 2 ) of 7% by volume and of hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO). and methane (CH 4 ) together of 0.5% by volume.
  • the gas mixture can then contain, for example, traces of H 2 S, HCN and/or MeOH.
  • the gas mixture c can arrive from the pipeline 116 with a volume flow of 100 t/h at a pressure of 18 bara and a temperature of 30 ° C.
  • the liquid natural gas d is evaporated in the heat exchanger 120 and is then used as gaseous natural gas with, for example, a volume flow of 65 t/h at a pressure of 49 bara and a temperature of 5°C.
  • the gaseous natural gas e can be heated if necessary, for example to 25 ° C, then with a volume flow of 52 t / h at a pressure of 48 bara.
  • the liquid natural gas d can be at least partially heated.
  • part of the liquid natural gas d can, for example, be diverted and passed through a so-called “open rack vaporizer”, ORV, 144, which is supplied or operated with sea water k.
  • the at least partially liquefied gas mixture f removed from the heat exchanger 120 is optionally passed through an (optional) subcooler 128 and then fed to a separator 126.
  • the at least partially liquefied gas mixture f here, i.e. in front of the separator 126, for example still has a pressure of 17 bara at a temperature of -50 ° C.
  • impurities are then separated from the gas mixture f by separating gaseous components from the gas mixture f.
  • At least partially liquefied gas mixture g there remain, for example, 99.3 vol.% of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), 0.6 vol.% of nitrogen (N 2 ) and 0.6 vol.% of hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) together of 0.1% by volume.
  • the proportion of carbon monoxide (CO) in the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture f is in particular less than 35 ppm.
  • This remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture f is then present, for example, with a volume flow of 87 t/h at a pressure of 9 bara and a temperature of -58 ° C. It can then be fed to the storage tank 130.
  • the impurities h - a (gaseous) gas mixture - then include, for example, carbon dioxide of 55% by volume, nitrogen of 44% by volume and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane together of 1% by volume.
  • This gas mixture h can be passed through the subcooler, if available, and is then, for example, with a volume flow of 13 t/h at a pressure of 8 bara and a temperature of -58°C before. It can then be used, for example, to cool the pre-cooling of a gas turbine of a compressor 170.

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen (122) eines Gasgemisches (c), aufweisend zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid, unter Verwendung eines Wärmetauschers (120), wobei das Gasgemisch dem Wärmetauscher (120) zugeführt wird, wobei von dem Wärmetauscher (120) zumindest teilweise verflüssigtes Gasgemisch (f) abgeführt wird, und wobei der Wärmetauscher (120) zugleich zum Verdampfen (124), insbesondere Wiederverdampfen, von flüssigem Erdgas (d) verwendet wird. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine entsprechende Anlage (100).The invention relates to a method for at least partially liquefying (122) a gas mixture (c), comprising at least carbon dioxide, using a heat exchanger (120), wherein the gas mixture is fed to the heat exchanger (120), at least partially from the heat exchanger (120). liquefied gas mixture (f) is removed, and the heat exchanger (120) is also used for evaporation (124), in particular re-evaporation, of liquid natural gas (d). The invention also relates to a corresponding system (100).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Anlage zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen eines Gasgemisches, aufweisend zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid sowie ggf. Stickstoff.The invention relates to a method and a system for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture containing at least carbon dioxide and possibly nitrogen.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Wasserstoff kann aus Kohlenwasserstoffen wie z.B. Methan erzeugt oder gewonnen werden, z.B. durch Dampfreformierung von Erdgas, ebenso kommt eine Vergasung geeigneter Ausgangsstoffe in Betracht. Dabei entsteht neben Wasserstoff in der Regel Kohlenstoffmonoxid sowie Kohlenstoffdioxid. Insbesondere das entstehende Kohlenstoffdioxid wird in der Regel als Abfallprodukt angesehen. Um die Gewinnung von Wasserstoff und/oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid als kohlenstoffneutral ansehen zu können, gibt es die Möglichkeit, das anfallende Kohlenstoffdioxid abzuführen und dauerhaft zu speichern, z.B. mittels sog. geologischer Speicherung bzw. Sequestration. Der so gewonnene Wasserstoff wird dann auch als sog. "blauer" Wasserstoff bezeichnet.Hydrogen can be produced or obtained from hydrocarbons such as methane, for example by steam reforming natural gas; gasification of suitable starting materials is also possible. In addition to hydrogen, this usually produces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In particular, the resulting carbon dioxide is generally viewed as a waste product. In order to be able to view the production of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide as carbon-neutral, there is the possibility of removing the resulting carbon dioxide and storing it permanently, for example by means of so-called geological storage or sequestration. The hydrogen obtained in this way is then also referred to as so-called “blue” hydrogen.

Die geologische Speicherung von Kohlenstoffdioxid hängt von den geologischen Gegebenheiten ab und ist nicht überall möglich. Wenn die vorstehend beschriebene Gewinnung von Wasserstoff also nicht an einem Ort erfolgt, der für die geologische Speicherung von Kohlenstoffdioxid geeignet ist, muss das Kohlenstoffdioxid an einen geeigneten Ort transportiert werden. Hierzu bietet sich die Verflüssigung des Kohlenstoffdioxids an, was allerdings besonders energieintensiv ist. Außerdem ist das Kohlenstoffdioxid oftmals nicht rein genug für die Speicherung.The geological storage of carbon dioxide depends on the geological conditions and is not possible everywhere. If the extraction of hydrogen described above does not take place in a location that is suitable for the geological storage of carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide must be transported to a suitable location. One option for this is to liquefy carbon dioxide, although this is particularly energy-intensive. In addition, the carbon dioxide is often not pure enough for storage.

Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, verbesserte Möglichkeiten zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen eines Gasgemisches, aufweisend zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid, anzugeben.The present invention aims to provide improved options for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture containing at least carbon dioxide.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren sowie eine Anlage zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen eines Gasgemisches mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Patentansprüche sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.This object is achieved by a method and a system for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture with the features of the independent patent claims. Refinements are the subject of the dependent patent claims and the following description.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen eines Gasgemisches, das zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) aufweist. Typische weitere Komponenten in einem Gasgemisch, das z.B. bei der eingangs schon genannten Gewinnung von Wasserstoff und/oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid erhalten wird, und zwar insbesondere als Abfallprodukt, sind Stickstoff (N2), Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Methan (CH4). Ein Anteil des Kohlenstoffdioxids in dem Gasgemisch liegt typischerweise zwischen 80 Vol.-% und 95 Vol.-%, ein Anteil des Stickstoffs in dem Gasgemisch liegt typischerweise zwischen 4 Vol.-% und 15 Vol.-%. Ein Beispiel für ein konkretes Gasgemisch, das lediglich als Beispiel zur näheren Erläuterung verstanden werden soll, ist z.B. Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) mit 92,5 Vol.-%, Stickstoff (N2) mit 7 Vol.-% und Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Methan (CH4) zusammen mit 0,5 Vol.-%. Außerdem können in dem Gasgemisch z.B. auch noch Spuren von H2S, HCN und/oder MeOH enthalten sein.The invention is concerned with at least partially liquefying a gas mixture that contains at least carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Typical further components in a gas mixture, which is obtained, for example, in the production of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide mentioned above, in particular as a waste product, are nitrogen (N 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane ( CH4 ). A proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture is typically between 80% by volume and 95% by volume, and a proportion of nitrogen in the gas mixture is typically between 4% by volume and 15% by volume. An example of a specific gas mixture, which should only be understood as an example for further explanation, is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with 92.5% by volume, nitrogen (N 2 ) with 7% by volume and hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) together with 0.5% by volume. In addition, the gas mixture may also contain traces of H 2 S, HCN and/or MeOH, for example.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass ein anderer Prozess, nämlich das Verdampfen, insbesondere Wiederverdampfen, von flüssigem bzw. verflüssigtem Erdgas (LGN, "Liquid Natural Gas", das großteils Methan aufweist) Kälte freisetzt, die bisher ungenutzt bleibt. Ein solches Verdampfen von flüssigem Erdgas wird z.B. dann verwendet, wenn das Erdgas z.B. mittels Tankschiffen transportiert wird bzw. werden muss. Hierzu ist die (vorherige) Verflüssigung des Erdgases nötig, nach dem Transport muss es in aller Regel jedoch wieder verdampft werden, um weiterverwendet bzw. weitertransportiert werden zu können.It has been shown that another process, namely the evaporation, in particular re-evaporation, of liquid or liquefied natural gas (LGN, "Liquid Natural Gas", which largely contains methane) releases cold that has so far remained unused. Such evaporation of liquid natural gas is used, for example, when the natural gas is or has to be transported using tankers, for example. For this purpose, the (previous) liquefaction of the natural gas is necessary, but after transport it usually has to be evaporated again in order to be able to be used or transported further.

Die vorliegende Erfindung macht sich dies zunutze und schlägt vor, dass zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen des erwähnten Gasgemisches, aufweisend zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid, ein Wärmetauscher verwendet wird, der zugleich zum Verdampfen, insbesondere Wiederverdampfen, von flüssigem Erdgas verwendet wird. Die beim Verdampfen des flüssigen Erdgases entstehende Kälte wird also direkt im Wärmetauscher zum Abkühlen und dabei zum zumindest teilweise Verflüssigen des Kohlenstoffdioxids genutzt. Dabei sind insbesondere Vorgänge von Interesse, die im industriellen Maßstab erfolgen, also z.B. mit Volumenströmen des zumindest teilweise zu verflüssigenden Gasgemisches von mehr als 10, 50 oder 100 Tonnen Gasgemisch pro Stunde.The present invention takes advantage of this and proposes that for at least partially liquefying the gas mixture mentioned, containing at least carbon dioxide, a heat exchanger is used, which is also used for evaporating, in particular re-evaporating, liquid natural gas. The cold resulting from the evaporation of the liquid natural gas is transferred directly to the Heat exchanger used for cooling and at least partially liquefying the carbon dioxide. Of particular interest are processes that take place on an industrial scale, for example with volume flows of the gas mixture to be at least partially liquefied of more than 10, 50 or 100 tons of gas mixture per hour.

Das Gasgemisch kann hierzu am Ort der Entstehung, also z.B. dort, wo der Wasserstoff und/oder das Kohlenstoffmonoxid gewonnen werden, zunächst komprimiert werden, z.B. auf 10 bis 25 bara, und dann über eine geeignete Pipeline zum Ort des Wärmetauschers, also einer entsprechenden Anlage, transportiert werden. Es bietet sich z.B. an, diesen Wärmetauscher an einem Ort vorzusehen, an dem das flüssige Erdgas angeliefert und/oder gespeichert ist oder wird. Denkbar ist aber auch ein Ort dazwischen.For this purpose, the gas mixture can first be compressed at the point of origin, for example where the hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide are obtained, for example to 10 to 25 bara, and then via a suitable pipeline to the location of the heat exchanger, i.e. a corresponding system , be transported. It makes sense, for example, to provide this heat exchanger at a location where the liquid natural gas is or will be delivered and/or stored. But a place in between is also conceivable.

Trotz Löslichkeitseffekten verringert ein Anteil von z.B. 5 Vol.-% bis 15 Vol.-% Stickstoff im Gasgemisch die Verflüssigungstemperatur des Gasgemisches derart, dass es bis auf z.B. ca. -45°C bis -55°C heruntergekühlt werden kann, während immer noch genügend Abstand (Temperaturabstand) zur Verfestigung (Ausfrieren) von zumindest Komponenten oder Teilen des Gasgemisches vorhanden ist.Despite solubility effects, a proportion of, for example, 5% by volume to 15% by volume of nitrogen in the gas mixture reduces the liquefaction temperature of the gas mixture in such a way that it can be cooled down to, for example, approximately -45 ° C to -55 ° C, while still There is enough distance (temperature distance) for solidification (freezing) of at least components or parts of the gas mixture.

Vorzugsweise werden aus dem von dem Wärmetauscher abgeführten, also zumindest teilweise verflüssigten Gasgemisch, Verunreinigungen abgeschieden bzw. abgetrennt, und zwar insbesondere gasförmige Verunreinigungen. Das verbleibende, zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch wird dann zur weiteren Verwendung bereitgestellt. Dabei weist das verbleibende, zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch insbesondere einen höheren Anteil (bevorzugt gemessen in Vol.-%) an Kohlenstoffdioxid auf, als das (initiale) Gasgemisch. Dies beruht darauf, dass bei der partiellen Kondensation des (initialen) Gasgemisches diejenigen Komponenten, die eine höhere Flüchtigkeit gegenüber Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) aufweisen (z.B. Stickstoff (N2), Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Methan (CH4)) sich bevorzugt in der Gasphase anreichern. In einer sich anschließenden Phasenabscheidung bzw. - abtrennung - dies kann z.B. durch einen geeigneten Abscheider erfolgen, z.B. bei 7 bis 15 bara - werden die gasförmigen Bestandteile vom Gasgemisch getrennt.Preferably, impurities are deposited or separated from the gas mixture removed from the heat exchanger, i.e. at least partially liquefied, and in particular gaseous impurities. The remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture is then made available for further use. The remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture in particular has a higher proportion (preferably measured in vol.%) of carbon dioxide than the (initial) gas mixture. This is due to the fact that during the partial condensation of the (initial) gas mixture, those components that have a higher volatility compared to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (e.g. nitrogen (N 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 )) preferentially accumulate in the gas phase. In a subsequent phase separation or separation - this can be done, for example, using a suitable separator, for example at 7 to 15 bara - the gaseous components are separated from the gas mixture.

Eine weitere Verstärkung dieses Trenneffekts lässt sich insbesondere durch Druckreduktion des Gasgemisches vor dem Abscheider erreichen. Eine solche Druckreduktion wird oftmals ohnehin benötigt, da das verflüssigte CO2 typischerweise bei einem Druck von 6 bar bis 10 bar in Tanks gespeichert wirdA further enhancement of this separation effect can be achieved in particular by reducing the pressure of the gas mixture in front of the separator. Such Pressure reduction is often required anyway, since the liquefied CO 2 is typically stored in tanks at a pressure of 6 bar to 10 bar

Die abgetrennten Verunreinigungen liegen dann ebenfalls in Form eines Gasgemisches vor, das abgeführt werden kann. Dieses weist insbesondere Stickstoff, Wasserstoff, Kohlenstoffmonoxid und Methan auf. Diese Komponenten (Verunreinigungen) werden im Abscheider in die Gasphase überführt und können damit vom verflüssigtem Kohlenstoffdioxid getrennt werden. Es sei erwähnt, dass diese Verunreinigungen bzw. das entsprechende Gasgemisch auch (gasförmiges) Kohlenstoffdioxid enthalten bzw. umfassen können, sogar zu einem relativ großen Anteil von z.B. mehr als 50 Vol.-%. Verglichen zur absoluten Menge des verbleibenden, verflüssigten Kohlenstoffdioxids ist dies aber gering. Der Anteil an nichtkondensierbaren Komponenten im verflüssigten Gasgemisch liegt dabei insbesondere unterhalb von 4 Vol.-%. Der Anteil an Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) kann z.B. um etwa das Neunfache verringert werden. Bei dem vorstehend erwähnten konkreten Beispiel für das Gasgemisch weist das verbleibende zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch z.B. Anteile an Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) von 99,3 Vol.-%, an Stickstoff (N2) von 0,6 Vol.-% und an Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Methan (CH4) zusammen von 0,1 Vol.-% auf. Der Anteil an Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) am verbleibenden, zumindest teilweise verflüssigten Gasgemisch beträgt dabei insbesondere weniger als 35 ppm.The separated impurities are then also in the form of a gas mixture that can be removed. This includes in particular nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. These components (impurities) are transferred to the gas phase in the separator and can therefore be separated from the liquefied carbon dioxide. It should be mentioned that these impurities or the corresponding gas mixture can also contain or include (gaseous) carbon dioxide, even in a relatively large proportion of, for example, more than 50% by volume. However, this is small compared to the absolute amount of remaining liquefied carbon dioxide. The proportion of non-condensable components in the liquefied gas mixture is in particular below 4% by volume. The proportion of carbon monoxide (CO), for example, can be reduced by around nine times. In the concrete example of the gas mixture mentioned above, the remaining at least partially liquefied gas mixture has, for example, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) proportions of 99.3% by volume, nitrogen (N 2 ) of 0.6% by volume and hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) together from 0.1% by volume. The proportion of carbon monoxide (CO) in the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture is in particular less than 35 ppm.

Auf diese Weise kann also das schon zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch noch weiter von Unreinheiten (mit dem Kohlenstoffdioxid als eigentliche, gewünschte Komponente) befreit werden, bevor es einer weiteren Verwendung zugeführt wird.In this way, the already at least partially liquefied gas mixture can be further freed of impurities (with carbon dioxide as the actual, desired component) before it is used for further use.

Denkbar ist, dass das verbleibende, zumindest teilweise verflüssigten Gasgemisch vor der weiteren Verwendung zunächst gereinigt wird, also zusätzlich zu der Reinigung durch die Abscheidung. Während die Abscheidung bereits einen Reinheitsgrad von oftmals mehr als 99 Vol.-% Anteil von Kohlenstoffdioxid im verbleibenden, zumindest teilweise verflüssigten Gasgemisch liefert, kann dieser Reinheitsgrad soweit erhöht werden, dass eine Verwendung z.B. der Einsatz in der Lebensmittelindustrie in Betracht kommt. Dies kann ggf. auch für nur einen Teil des verbleibenden, zumindest teilweise verflüssigten Gasgemisches erfolgen.It is conceivable that the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture is first cleaned before further use, i.e. in addition to the cleaning by the deposition. While the separation already provides a degree of purity of often more than 99% by volume of carbon dioxide in the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture, this degree of purity can be increased to such an extent that use, for example, in the food industry comes into consideration. If necessary, this can also be done for only a part of the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture.

Unabhängig davon ist eine besonders bevorzugte Verwendung des verbleibenden, zumindest teilweise verflüssigten Gasgemisches (oder zumindest eines Teils davon), dass es einer geologischen Speicherung zugeführt wird. Damit wird die Gewinnung von "blauem" Wasserstoff möglich. Hierzu kann das (ggf. nochmals gereinigte) verbleibende, zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch zunächst in einem Speicher bzw. Speichertank zwischengespeichert werden, bevor es von dort dann z.B. mittels eines Tankschiffs oder über Pipelines dem Ort der geologischen Speicherung zugeführt bzw. an diesen Ort transportiert wird.Regardless of this, a particularly preferred use of the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture (or at least part thereof) is that it is sent to geological storage. This makes it possible to produce “blue” hydrogen. For this purpose, the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture (if necessary cleaned again) can first be temporarily stored in a storage or storage tank before it is then fed from there to the location of geological storage or transported to this location, for example by means of a tanker or via pipelines .

Die erwähnten Verunreinigungen (in Form eines Gasgemisches) können in obigem Beispiel Anteile an Kohlenstoffdioxid von 55 Vol.-%, an Stickstoff von 44 Vol.-% und an Wasserstoff, Kohlenstoffmonoxid und Methan zusammen von 1 Vol.-% umfassen. Unabhängig von der genauen Zusammensetzung kann aber auch dieses Gasgemisch zur weiteren Verwendung bereitgestellt werden. Hierbei werden die Verunreinigungen bzw. dieses Gasgemisch z.B. einer Reinigung, insbesondere durch Vergasung, und/oder einer Gasturbine (die z.B. mit einem Kompressor gekoppelt ist), die damit z.B. gekühlt oder vorgekühlt werden kann, zugeführt.In the above example, the impurities mentioned (in the form of a gas mixture) can include proportions of carbon dioxide of 55% by volume, of nitrogen of 44% by volume and of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane together of 1% by volume. Regardless of the exact composition, this gas mixture can also be made available for further use. Here, the impurities or this gas mixture are fed, for example, to a cleaning system, in particular by gasification, and/or to a gas turbine (which is coupled, for example, to a compressor), which can thus be cooled or pre-cooled, for example.

Zusätzlich oder alternativ ist es bevorzugt, wenn die Verunreinigungen zur weiteren Verwendung komprimiert und komprimiertem Erdgas (CNG, "Compressed Natural Gas") zugeführt werden, also in komprimiertes Erdgas injiziert werden. Dies ist je nach erlaubter Konzentration von Kohlenstoffmonoxid im komprimierten Erdgas möglich und erlaubt die Anpassung des sog. Wobbe-Index, also der kalorischen Eigenschaften.Additionally or alternatively, it is preferred if the impurities are compressed for further use and supplied to compressed natural gas (CNG, “Compressed Natural Gas”), i.e. injected into compressed natural gas. This is possible depending on the permitted concentration of carbon monoxide in the compressed natural gas and allows the so-called Wobbe index, i.e. the caloric properties, to be adjusted.

Je nach Temperatur des (initialen) Gasgemisches und/oder des flüssigen Erdgases kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn das flüssige Erdgas, bevor es dem Wärmetauscher zum Verdampfen zugeführt wird, zumindest teilweise erwärmt wird. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn andernfalls das Gasgemisch soweit abgekühlt würde, dass es dort zum Ausfrieren von Komponenten käme. Hierzu kann z.B. ein Zwischenkreis für das flüssige Erdgas vorgesehen werden, z.B. mit Verwendung eines gemischten Kühlmittelkreislaufs mit Kondensierung.Depending on the temperature of the (initial) gas mixture and/or the liquid natural gas, it may be expedient if the liquid natural gas is at least partially heated before it is fed to the heat exchanger for evaporation. This is particularly advantageous if the gas mixture would otherwise be cooled to such an extent that components would freeze out. For this purpose, for example, an intermediate circuit can be provided for the liquid natural gas, for example using a mixed coolant circuit with condensation.

Zusätzlich oder alternativ ist es bevorzugt, wenn durch das Erwärmen zugleich ein weiteres Gas oder Gasgemisch, insbesondere Stickstoff, zumindest teilweise verflüssigt wird. Dies bietet sich insbesondere dann an, wenn z.B. gasförmiger Stickstoff oder anderes Gas oder Gasgemisch verfügbar ist und/oder eine Verflüssigung ohnehin nötig ist. Damit kann die vorhandene Kälte noch effizienter genutzt werden. Während die Verflüssigung von Kohlenstoffdioxid nämlich typischerweise in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 210 und 300 K erfolgt, kann der darunterliegende Temperaturbereich des flüssigen Erdgases (LNG) zwischen 130 K und 210 K exergetisch effizient für die Vorkühlung einer Verflüssigung von z.B. Stickstoff, Sauerstoff und/oder Argon genutzt werden.Additionally or alternatively, it is preferred if another gas or gas mixture, in particular nitrogen, is at least partially liquefied as a result of the heating. This is particularly useful if, for example, gaseous nitrogen or another gas or gas mixture is available and/or a Liquefaction is necessary anyway. This means that the available cold can be used even more efficiently. While the liquefaction of carbon dioxide typically takes place in a temperature range between 210 and 300 K, the underlying temperature range of liquid natural gas (LNG) between 130 K and 210 K can be used exergetically efficiently for the pre-cooling of a liquefaction of, for example, nitrogen, oxygen and/or argon become.

Als Wärmetauscher kommt grundsätzlich jede Art von Wärmetauscher in Betracht, besonders bevorzugt ist es jedoch, wenn ein Spiralwärmetauscher verwendet wird. Dieser weist eine hohe spezifische Wärmeübertragung auf, erlaubt hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, was etwaiges Ausfrieren von Komponente vermeidet, und weist in aller Regel eine große Querschnittsfläche aufIn principle, any type of heat exchanger can be considered as a heat exchanger, but it is particularly preferred if a spiral heat exchanger is used. This has a high specific heat transfer, allows high flow velocities, which prevents components from freezing out, and generally has a large cross-sectional area

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Anlage zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen eines Gasgemisches, aufweisend zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid. Die Anlage weist einen Wärmetauscher auf und ist dazu eingerichtet, das Gasgemisch zu erhalten und dem Wärmetauscher zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen zuzuführen. Die Anlage ist weiterhin dazu eingerichtet, flüssiges Erdgas zu erhalten und dem Wärmetauscher zugleich zum Verdampfen, insbesondere Wiederverdampfen, zuzuführen. Insbesondere ist die Anlage zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eingerichtet. Für weitere Details, mögliche Ausgestaltungen sowie Vorteile der Anlage sei auf die vorstehenden Ausführungen verwiesen, die hier entsprechend gelten.The invention also relates to a system for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture containing at least carbon dioxide. The system has a heat exchanger and is set up to receive the gas mixture and supply it to the heat exchanger for at least partial liquefaction. The system is also set up to receive liquid natural gas and at the same time to supply it to the heat exchanger for evaporation, in particular re-evaporation. In particular, the system is set up to carry out a method according to the invention. For further details, possible configurations and advantages of the system, please refer to the above statements, which apply accordingly here.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert, welche eine Anlage gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung zeigt.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows a system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnung

Figur 1
zeigt schematisch eine Anlage zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform.
Figur 2
zeigt die Anlage aus Figur 1 mit mehr Details.
Short description of the drawing
Figure 1
shows schematically a system for carrying out a method according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
Figure 2
shows the system Figure 1 with more details.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungDetailed description of the drawing

In Figur 1 schematisch eine Anlage 100 zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform dargestellt. Die Anlage 100 weist einen Wärmetauscher 120 auf, dem ein Gasgemisch c zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen 122 zugeführt wird. Zudem wird dem Wärmetauscher 120 flüssiges Erdgas d zum Verdampfen 124 zugeführt. Das Verflüssigen 122 und das Verdampfen 124 sollen zugleich erfolgen.In Figure 1 a system 100 for carrying out a method according to the invention is shown schematically in a preferred embodiment. The system 100 has a heat exchanger 120, to which a gas mixture c is supplied for at least partial liquefaction 122. In addition, liquid natural gas d is supplied to the heat exchanger 120 for evaporation 124. The liquefaction 122 and the evaporation 124 should take place at the same time.

Das Gasgemisch c wird hier insbesondere als ein Abfallprodukt aus einer Gewinnung oder Erzeugung 110 von Wasserstoff a und/oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid b erhalten. Diese Gewinnung 110 kann z.B. einer entsprechenden Anlage durchgeführt werden, die getrennt von der Anlage 100 ist. Das dabei anfallende Gasgemisch c kann, wie schon erwähnt, z.B. einen Anteil an Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) von 92,5 Vol.-%, an Stickstoff (N2) von 7 Vol.-% und an Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Methan (CH4) zusammen von 0,5 Vol.-% aufweisen. Außerdem können in dem Gasgemisch dann z.B. noch Spuren von H2S, HCN und/oder MeOH enthalten sein.The gas mixture c is obtained here in particular as a waste product from extraction or production 110 of hydrogen a and/or carbon monoxide b. This extraction 110 can be carried out, for example, in a corresponding system that is separate from the system 100. The resulting gas mixture c can, as already mentioned, have, for example, a proportion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) of 92.5% by volume, of nitrogen (N 2 ) of 7% by volume and of hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) together have 0.5% by volume. In addition, the gas mixture can then contain, for example, traces of H 2 S, HCN and/or MeOH.

Das Gasgemisch c kann dann mittels eines Verdichters 122 zunächst auf z.B. zwischen 10 und 25 bara verdichtet, ggf. mittels eines (weiteren) Wärmetauschers 114 gekühlt oder vorgekühlt werden und dann mittels einer Pipeline 116 bis zur Anlage 100 und dort zum Wärmetauscher 120 transportiert werden. Je nach konkretem Ort der Gewinnung 110 des Wasserstoffs und der Anlage 100 kann dies eine Strecke von mehreren Kilometern bis mehrere 100 km sein.The gas mixture c can then be first compressed to, for example, between 10 and 25 bara by means of a compressor 122, cooled or pre-cooled if necessary by means of a (further) heat exchanger 114 and then transported by means of a pipeline 116 to the system 100 and there to the heat exchanger 120. Depending on the specific location of the extraction 110 of the hydrogen and the plant 100, this can be a distance of several kilometers to several 100 km.

Das flüssige Erdgas d wird z.B. aus einem Speichertank 140 entnommen und ggf. mittels einer Pumpe 142 zum Wärmetauscher 120 gefördert. In den Speichertank 140 wiederum kann das flüssige Erdgas d wiederum aus einem Tankschiff 160 gelangt sein. Zweckmäßig ist es, wenn der Wärmetauscher 120 und der Speichertank 140 an einem Ort bzw. nahe zusammen vorgesehen sind. Der Speichertank 140 kann insofern als Teil der Anlage 100 angesehen werden. Die Entnahme des flüssigen Erdgases d aus dem Tankschiff 160 erfolgt typischerweise in einem entsprechenden Terminal an einem Hafen.The liquid natural gas d is removed, for example, from a storage tank 140 and, if necessary, conveyed to the heat exchanger 120 by means of a pump 142. The liquid natural gas d can in turn have arrived in the storage tank 140 from a tanker 160. It is expedient if the heat exchanger 120 and the storage tank 140 are provided in one place or close together. The storage tank 140 can therefore be viewed as part of the system 100. The removal of the liquid natural gas d from the tanker 160 typically takes place in a corresponding terminal at a port.

Nach dem Verdampfen, d.h. nach Verlassen des Wärmetauschers 120, kann das - dann gasförmige - Erdgas e einer gewünschten Verwendung zugeführt werden.After evaporation, ie after leaving the heat exchanger 120, the - then gaseous - natural gas can be used for a desired purpose.

Denkbar ist z.B., dass das Erdgas e mittels geeigneter Pipelines zu Verbrauchern wie Kraftwerken transportiert und/oder in anderen Gasspeichern gespeichert wird.It is conceivable, for example, that the natural gas is transported to consumers such as power plants using suitable pipelines and/or stored in other gas storage facilities.

Das Gasgemisch c wird mittels des Wärmetauschers zumindest teilweise verflüssigt und dann - als dann zumindest teilweise verflüssigtes - Gasgemisch f, oder ein ggf. nach einer Abtrennung von Verunreinigungen verbleibendes, zumindest teilweise verflüssigtes Gasgemisch g wird in einem Speichertank 130 gespeichert bzw. zwischengespeichert. Von dort kann es z.B. in ein weiteres Tankschiff 150 verladen und zu einem passenden Ort zu geologischen Speicherung transportiert werden. Je nach Situation, kann das (verbleibende) zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch auch direkt in ein Tankschiff verladen, direkt mittels Pipelines abtransportiert, oder auch aus dem Speichertank 130 mittels Pipelines zur geologischen Speicherung oder zur anderweitigen Verwendung abtransportiert werden.The gas mixture c is at least partially liquefied by means of the heat exchanger and then - as then at least partially liquefied - gas mixture f, or an at least partially liquefied gas mixture g which may remain after separation of impurities is stored or temporarily stored in a storage tank 130. From there it can, for example, be loaded into another tanker 150 and transported to a suitable location for geological storage. Depending on the situation, the (remaining) at least partially liquefied gas mixture can also be loaded directly into a tanker, transported away directly using pipelines, or also transported away from the storage tank 130 using pipelines for geological storage or for other use.

In Figur 2 ist die Anlage 100 aus Figur 1 mit mehr Details dargestellt, woran insbesondere auch ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erläutert werden soll. Gleiche Komponenten und Gasgemische sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.In Figure 2 system 100 is off Figure 1 shown with more details, which in particular also explains a method according to the invention in a preferred embodiment. The same components and gas mixtures are designated with the same reference numbers.

Hierbei ist erneut der Wärmetauscher 120 zu sehen, dem einerseits das zumindest teilweise zu verflüssigende Gasgemisch c (aus der Pipeline 116) und andererseits das flüssige Erdgas d (aus dem Speichertank 140, hier ist die Pumpe nicht gezeigt) zugeführt werden. Bei dem Wärmetausche 120 handelt es sich bevorzugt um einen Spiralwärmetauscher.Here again the heat exchanger 120 can be seen, to which on the one hand the gas mixture c to be at least partially liquefied (from the pipeline 116) and on the other hand the liquid natural gas d (from the storage tank 140, the pump is not shown here) are supplied. The heat exchanger 120 is preferably a spiral heat exchanger.

Das Gasgemisch c kann, wie erwähnt, z.B. einen Anteil an Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) von 92,5 Vol.-%, an Stickstoff (N2) von 7 Vol.-% und an Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Methan (CH4) zusammen von 0,5 Vol.-% aufweisen. Außerdem können in dem Gasgemisch dann z.B. noch Spuren von H2S, HCN und/oder MeOH enthalten sein. Dabei kann das Gasgemisch c mit einem Volumenstrom von 100 t/h bei einem Druck von 18 bara und einer Temperatur von 30°C aus der Pipeline 116 ankommen.As mentioned, the gas mixture c can, for example, have a proportion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) of 92.5% by volume, of nitrogen (N 2 ) of 7% by volume and of hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO). and methane (CH 4 ) together of 0.5% by volume. In addition, the gas mixture can then contain, for example, traces of H 2 S, HCN and/or MeOH. The gas mixture c can arrive from the pipeline 116 with a volume flow of 100 t/h at a pressure of 18 bara and a temperature of 30 ° C.

Das flüssige Erdgas d wird im Wärmetauscher 120 verdampft und wird dann als gasförmiges Erdgas mit z.B. einem Volumenstrom von 65 t/h bei einem Druck von 49 bara und einer Temperatur von 5°C bereitgestellt. Mittels eines weiteren Wärmetauschers 146, z.B. eines Wasser-Glykol-Kreises, kann das gasförmiges Erdgas e bei Bedarf noch erwärmt werden, z.B. auf 25°C, dann mit einem Volumenstrom von 52 t/h bei einem Druck von 48 bara.The liquid natural gas d is evaporated in the heat exchanger 120 and is then used as gaseous natural gas with, for example, a volume flow of 65 t/h at a pressure of 49 bara and a temperature of 5°C. Using a further heat exchanger 146, for example a water-glycol circuit, the gaseous natural gas e can be heated if necessary, for example to 25 ° C, then with a volume flow of 52 t / h at a pressure of 48 bara.

Falls die Temperatur des flüssigen Erdgases d zu niedrig ist und z.B. Ausfrierungen von Komponenten im Gasgemisch ci m Wärmetauscher 120 zu erwarten sind, kann das flüssige Erdgas d zumindest teilweise erwärmt werden. Hierzu kann ein Teil des flüssigen Erdgases d z.B. abgezweigt und über einen sog. "Open Rack Vaporizer", ORV, 144, der mit Meerwasser k versorgt bzw. betrieben wird, geführt werden.If the temperature of the liquid natural gas d is too low and, for example, freezing of components in the gas mixture ci in the heat exchanger 120 is to be expected, the liquid natural gas d can be at least partially heated. For this purpose, part of the liquid natural gas d can, for example, be diverted and passed through a so-called “open rack vaporizer”, ORV, 144, which is supplied or operated with sea water k.

Das von dem Wärmetauscher 120 abgeführte, zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch f wird ggf. über einen (optionalen) Unterkühler 128 geführt und dann einem Abscheider 126 zugeführt. Das zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch f hat hier, d.h. vor dem Abscheider 126, z.B. noch einen Druck von 17 bara bei einer Temperatur von -50°C. Im Abscheider 126 werden dann, bei z.B. 7 bis 15 bara, aus dem Gasgemisch f Verunreinigungen abgeschieden, indem gasförmige Bestandteile vom Gasgemisch f getrennt werden.The at least partially liquefied gas mixture f removed from the heat exchanger 120 is optionally passed through an (optional) subcooler 128 and then fed to a separator 126. The at least partially liquefied gas mixture f here, i.e. in front of the separator 126, for example still has a pressure of 17 bara at a temperature of -50 ° C. In the separator 126, at e.g. 7 to 15 bara, impurities are then separated from the gas mixture f by separating gaseous components from the gas mixture f.

In dem dann noch verbleibenden, zumindest teilweise verflüssigten Gasgemisch g verbleiben dann z.B. noch Anteile an Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) von 99,3 Vol.-%, an Stickstoff (N2) von 0,6 Vol.-% und an Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) und Methan (CH4) zusammen von 0,1 Vol.-%. Der Anteil an Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) am verbleibenden, zumindest teilweise verflüssigten Gasgemisch f ist dabei insbesondere weniger als 35 ppm. Dieses verbleibende, zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch f liegt dann z.B. mit einem Volumenstrom von 87 t/h bei einem Druck von 9 bara und einer Temperatur von -58°C vor. Es kann dann dem Speichertank 130 zugeführt werden.In the then remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture g, there remain, for example, 99.3 vol.% of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), 0.6 vol.% of nitrogen (N 2 ) and 0.6 vol.% of hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH 4 ) together of 0.1% by volume. The proportion of carbon monoxide (CO) in the remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture f is in particular less than 35 ppm. This remaining, at least partially liquefied gas mixture f is then present, for example, with a volume flow of 87 t/h at a pressure of 9 bara and a temperature of -58 ° C. It can then be fed to the storage tank 130.

Die Verunreinigungen h - ein (gasförmiges) Gasgemisch - umfassen dann z.B. noch an Kohlenstoffdioxid von 55 Vol.-%, an Stickstoff von 44 Vol.-% und an Wasserstoff, Kohlenstoffmonoxid und Methan zusammen von 1 Vol.-%. Dieses Gasgemisch h kann über den Unterkühler, sofern vorhanden, geführt werden und liegt dann z.B. mit einem Volumenstrom von 13 t/h bei einem Druck von 8 bara und einer Temperatur von -58°C vor. Es kann dann z.B. zum Kühlen der Vorkühlen einer Gasturbine eines Kompressors 170 verwendet werden.The impurities h - a (gaseous) gas mixture - then include, for example, carbon dioxide of 55% by volume, nitrogen of 44% by volume and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane together of 1% by volume. This gas mixture h can be passed through the subcooler, if available, and is then, for example, with a volume flow of 13 t/h at a pressure of 8 bara and a temperature of -58°C before. It can then be used, for example, to cool the pre-cooling of a gas turbine of a compressor 170.

Auf diese Weise kann also besonders effizient sog. "blauer" Wasserstoff hergestellt werden. Es sei erwähnt, dass die vorgeschlagene, effiziente Ausnutzung von Energie, die beim Verdampfen von flüssigem Erdgas anfällt, auch zum Abkühlen bzw. zumindest teilweise Verflüssigen von anderweitig anfallendem Gasgemisch mit zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid verwendet werden kann. Es sei auch nochmals explizit erwähnt, dass die im Rahmen des konkreten Beispiels verwendeten Anteile, Drücke, Temperaturen und Volumenströme nur der Erläuterung dienen und in der Praxis auch abweichen können. Ebenso können je nach Art und Größe und weiterer Verwendung der Gasgemische auch andere Werte auftreten. Hierzu sei auch darauf hingewiesen, dass zur geologischen Speicherung von Kohlenstoffdioxid zwar typischerweise ein Anteil des Kohlenstoffdioxids im Gasgemisch von zumindest 95 Vol.-% gefordert wird, die Anteile anderer Komponenten aber auch unterschiedlich zugelassen werden können.In this way, so-called “blue” hydrogen can be produced particularly efficiently. It should be mentioned that the proposed, efficient use of energy that occurs when evaporating liquid natural gas can also be used to cool or at least partially liquefy gas mixtures containing at least carbon dioxide that arise elsewhere. It should also be explicitly mentioned again that the proportions, pressures, temperatures and volume flows used in the specific example only serve for explanation and may also differ in practice. Depending on the type and size and further use of the gas mixtures, other values may also occur. It should also be noted that for the geological storage of carbon dioxide, a proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture of at least 95% by volume is typically required, but the proportions of other components can also be permitted differently.

Claims (14)

Verfahren zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen (122) eines Gasgemisches (c), aufweisend zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid, unter Verwendung eines Wärmetauschers (120), wobei das Gasgemisch dem Wärmetauscher (120) zugeführt wird, wobei von dem Wärmetauscher (120) zumindest teilweise verflüssigtes Gasgemisch (f) abgeführt wird, und wobei der Wärmetauscher (120) zugleich zum Verdampfen (124), insbesondere Wiederverdampfen, von flüssigem Erdgas (d) verwendet wird.Method for at least partially liquefying (122) a gas mixture (c), comprising at least carbon dioxide, using a heat exchanger (120), wherein the gas mixture is fed to the heat exchanger (120), at least partially liquefied gas mixture (f ) is removed, and the heat exchanger (120) is also used for evaporation (124), in particular re-evaporation, of liquid natural gas (d). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei aus dem von dem Wärmetauscher abgeführten, zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch (f), insbesondere unter Verwendung eines Abscheiders (126), Verunreinigungen (h), insbesondere gasförmige Verunreinigungen, abgeschieden werden, und wobei das verbleibende zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch (g), zur weiteren Verwendung bereitgestellt wird, wobei das das verbleibende zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch (g), wobei das verbleibende zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch (g) zur weiteren Verwendung einer geologischen Speicherung zugeführt wird.Method according to claim 1, wherein impurities (h), in particular gaseous impurities, are separated from the at least partially liquefied gas mixture (f) discharged from the heat exchanger, in particular using a separator (126), and wherein the remaining at least partially liquefied gas mixture (g), is provided for further use, wherein the remaining at least partially liquefied gas mixture (g), wherein the remaining at least partially liquefied gas mixture (g) is fed to geological storage for further use. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei das verbleibende zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Gasgemisch (g) vor der weiteren Verwendung zunächst gereinigt wird.Method according to claim 2, wherein the remaining at least partially liquefied gas mixture (g) is first cleaned before further use. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, wobei die durch das Abscheiden erhaltenen Verunreinigungen (h) zur weiteren Verwendung bereitgestellt werdenMethod according to one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the impurities (h) obtained by the deposition are made available for further use Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Verunreinigungen (h) zur weiteren Verwendung einer Reinigung, insbesondere durch Vergasung, und/oder einer Gasturbine zugeführt werden.Method according to claim 4, wherein the impurities (h) are fed to a purification, in particular by gasification, and/or a gas turbine for further use. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei die Verunreinigungen (h) zur weiteren Verwendung komprimiert und komprimiertem Erdgas zugeführt werden.A method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the impurities (h) are compressed and supplied to compressed natural gas for further use. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Gasgemisch (c) als Abfallprodukt einer vorhergehenden Gewinnung (110) von Wasserstoff (a) und/oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid (b) erhalten wird, vorzugsweise der Herstellung mittels Vergasen und/oder Dampfreformierung.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas mixture (c) is obtained as a waste product of a previous production (110) of hydrogen (a) and/or carbon monoxide (b), preferably production by gasification and/or steam reforming. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Gasgemisch (c), vor dem zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen, weiterhin wenigstens einen der folgenden Stoffe aufweist: Stickstoff, Wasserstoff, Kohlenstoffmonoxid, Methan.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas mixture (c), before at least partially liquefying, further comprises at least one of the following substances: nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Anteil des Kohlenstoffdioxids in dem Gasgemisch, vor dem zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen, zwischen 80 Vol.-% und 95 Vol.-% liegt, und/oder wobei der Anteil von Stickstoff in dem Gasgemisch, vor dem zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen, zwischen 4 Vol.-% und 15 Vol.-% liegt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture, before at least partial liquefaction, is between 80% by volume and 95% by volume, and / or wherein the proportion of nitrogen in the gas mixture, before at least partial liquefaction, is between 4% by volume and 15% by volume. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das flüssige Erdgas (d), bevor es dem Wärmetauscher (120) zum Verdampfen zugeführt wird, zumindest teilweise erwärmt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid natural gas (d) is at least partially heated before it is fed to the heat exchanger (120) for evaporation. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei durch das Erwärmen zugleich ein weiteres Gas oder Gasgemisch, insbesondere Stickstoff, zumindest teilweise verflüssigt wird.Method according to claim 11, wherein the heating simultaneously at least partially liquefies a further gas or gas mixture, in particular nitrogen. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei als Wärmetauscher (120) ein Spiralwärmetauscher verwendet wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a spiral heat exchanger is used as the heat exchanger (120). Anlage (100) zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen eines Gasgemisches (c), aufweisend zumindest Kohlenstoffdioxid, wobei die Anlage (100) einen Wärmetauscher (120) aufweist und dazu eingerichtet ist, das Gasgemisch (c) zu erhalten und dem Wärmetauscher (120) zum zumindest teilweisen Verflüssigen zuzuführen, und wobei die Anlage (100) weiterhin dazu eingerichtet ist, flüssiges Erdgas (d) zu erhalten und dem Wärmetauscher (120) zugleich zum Verdampfen, insbesondere Wiederverdampfen, zuzuführen.System (100) for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture (c), comprising at least carbon dioxide, wherein the system (100) has a heat exchanger (120) and is set up to receive the gas mixture (c) and the heat exchanger (120) for at least partial liquefaction, and wherein the system (100) is further set up to obtain liquid natural gas (d) and at the same time to supply it to the heat exchanger (120) for evaporation, in particular re-evaporation. Anlage (100) nach Anspruch 13, die zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Anspruch 1 bis 12 eingerichtet ist.Plant (100) according to claim 13, which is set up to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 12.
EP22020097.6A 2022-03-08 2022-03-08 Method and apparatus for at least partially liquefying a gas mixture Pending EP4242567A1 (en)

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Citations (1)

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WO2007148984A2 (en) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-27 Aker Engineering & Technology As Method and plant for re-gasification of lng

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007148984A2 (en) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-27 Aker Engineering & Technology As Method and plant for re-gasification of lng

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