DE3200958A1 - Method of extracting natural gas from maritime deposits - Google Patents
Method of extracting natural gas from maritime depositsInfo
- Publication number
- DE3200958A1 DE3200958A1 DE19823200958 DE3200958A DE3200958A1 DE 3200958 A1 DE3200958 A1 DE 3200958A1 DE 19823200958 DE19823200958 DE 19823200958 DE 3200958 A DE3200958 A DE 3200958A DE 3200958 A1 DE3200958 A1 DE 3200958A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- natural gas
- tanker
- liquefaction
- production platform
- liquefied
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
- F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
- F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0282—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(H 1282) H 82/01 (H 1282) H 82/01
Bü/bd 14.1 .1982Bü / bd January 14, 1982
Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Erdgas aus maritimen LagerstättenProcess for the extraction of natural gas from marine deposits
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Erdgas aus maritimen Lagerstätten, bei dem das Erdgas unter Verwendung einer Produktionsplattform gefördert und nach Verflüssigung mit einem Tankschiff transportiert wird. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung eine Abwandlung dieses Verfahrens, bei dem das Erdgas nicht in reiner Form, sondern nach Umwandlung in Zwischenprodukte transportiert wird.The invention relates to a method for the extraction of natural gas from marine deposits, in which the natural gas promoted using a production platform and transported by tanker after liquefaction will. The invention also relates to a modification of this method in which the natural gas is not is transported in pure form, but after conversion into intermediate products.
Die Ausbeutung von Erdgasvorkommen in Schelf- oder anderen maritimen Gebieten erfordert die Bereitstellung eines geeigneten Transportsystems des geförderten Erdgases zu Verbrauchsstätten. In günstigen Fällen kann dieser Transport durch eine untermeerische Transportleitung in wirtschaftlicher Weise vorgenommen werden. 3Q Der Verlegung einer solchen Leitung können jedoch sowohl standortbezogene technische Probleme als auch wirtschaftliche Erwägungen entgegenstehen. Insbesondere bei der Ausbeutung marginaler Gasvorkommen ist die Verlegung einer Transportleitung unter wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten uninteressant. The exploitation of natural gas deposits in shelf or other maritime areas requires the provision of a suitable transport system for the natural gas produced to places of consumption. In favorable cases, this transport can be carried out economically by a submarine transport pipeline. 3Q The laying of such a line can, however, conflict with both location-related technical problems and economic considerations. Laying a transport pipeline is uninteresting from an economic point of view, particularly when exploiting marginal gas reserves.
• Form. 5729 7.7i• Shape. 5729 7.7i
In solchen Fällen kommt der Transport mittels Tankschiffen in Frage, was aus Kapazitätsgründen jedoch die Verflüssigung des Erdgases oder gegebenenfalls hieraus erzeugter Zwischenprodukte wie Methanol oder Ammoniak erfordert. Es sind bereits eine Reihe von Anlagen vorgeschlagen worden, die zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens geeignet sind. Es handelt sich dabei um Speicheranlagen, in denen das geförderte Erdgas verflüssigt und in Tanks zwischengelagert wird. Tankschiffe ziehen dann aus diesem Zwischenlager verflüssigtes Ergas ab und transportieren es zum Verbrauchsort. Eine derartige Anlage ist beispielsweise in der DE-OS 28 14 314 beschrieben.In such cases, transport by tanker is an option, but liquefaction is possible for capacity reasons of the natural gas or any intermediate products produced therefrom, such as methanol or ammonia. A number of systems have already been proposed for carrying out such a process are suitable. These are storage systems in which the extracted natural gas is liquefied and stored in Tanks is temporarily stored. Tankers then withdraw liquefied natural gas from this interim storage facility and transport it it to the place of consumption. Such a system is described in DE-OS 28 14 314, for example.
Derartige Anlagen wurden bisher jedoch noch nicht praktisch eingesetzt, da einzelne verfahrensimmanenteSchritte als kritisch angesehen werden. Hierzu gehört zunächst die maritime Zwischenlagerung des Produktes, die sehr große und teure Zwischenlager erfordert, ferner der Transfer von verflüssigtem Erdgas vom Zwischenlager zu Tankern auf offener See sowie gegebenenfalls auch noch ein Transfer von Erdgas von einer Produktionsplattform zum Zwischenlager.However, such systems have not yet been used in practice, since individual process-immanent steps as be viewed critically. This includes first of all the maritime interim storage of the product, the very large one and requires expensive interim storage facilities, as well as the transfer of liquefied natural gas from the interim storage facility to tankers open sea and, if necessary, a transfer of natural gas from a production platform to the interim storage facility.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu entwickeln, bei dem die obengenannten Nachteile vermieden werden.The present invention was therefore based on the object of developing a method of the type mentioned above, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß das Erdgas in gasförmigem Zustand von der Produktionsplattform abgezogen und durch eine auf dem Tankschiff installierte Verflüssigungsanlage verflüssigt wird.This object is achieved in that the natural gas is withdrawn from the production platform in a gaseous state and is liquefied by a liquefaction plant installed on the tanker.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hebt sich vor allem dadurch von bisherigen Vorschlägen ab, daß völlig auf eine Zwischenlagerung verzichtet wird. Statt dessen wird das Erdgas direkt an Bord der Tankschiffe verarbeitet, d.h. ent-The method according to the invention stands out above all because of this from previous proposals that there is no need for intermediate storage. Instead it will Natural gas processed directly on board the tankers, i.e.
Form. B7M 7.7»Shape. B7M 7.7 »
weder verflüssigt oder zunächst in chemische Zwischenprodukte umgewandelt. Eine Umwandlung in Zwischenprodukte, insbesondere in Methanol, kann in vielen Fällen zweckmässig sein, da für den Transport flüssigen Methanols keine auf sehr tiefe Temperaturen ausgelegte Flüssiggastanks erforderlich sind- Die Umwandlung in Methanol kommt insbesondere dann in Betracht, wenn es als Einsatz für chemische Verfahren verwendet werden soll, wohingegen bei einer beabsichtigten Verwendung als Brennstoff dem erleichterten Transport eine Verschlechterung des Heizwertes als Nachteil gegenübersteht.neither liquefied nor initially converted into chemical intermediates. A conversion into intermediate products, in particular in methanol, can be useful in many cases, since there is no liquid methanol for the transport Liquid gas tanks designed for very low temperatures are required - The conversion to methanol is particularly important considered if it is to be used as an insert for chemical processes, whereas if it is to be used for a intended use as fuel the easier transport a deterioration of the calorific value than Disadvantage.
Gegenüber dem üblichen Konzept einer Verarbeitung und Zwischenlagerung auf See ist es beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erforderlich, die verwendeten Transoortschiffe mit den für die Verarbeitung des Erdgases erforderlichen Anlagen auszustatten. Dies bedeutet zwar eine mehrfache Ausführung dieser Anlagenteile, die jedoch insgesamt wesentlich günstiger durchzuführen ist als der Bau einer aufwendigen Speicheranlage. Wenn dazu noch berücksichtigt wird, daß für den Transport des Erdgases in vielen Fällen zwei im Pendelverkehr zwischen der Produktionsplattform und einem Verbraucher verkehrende Tankschiffe ausreichen, wird deutlich, daß die Zusatzinvestition an Bord des Tankschiffes wesentlich geringer ausfällt als die Errichtung eines Zwischenlagers. Darüber hinaus bietet die Installation einer Verflüssigungsanlage oder gegebenenfalls auch der für eine Umwandlung des Erdgases erforderlichen Anlagen an Bord eines Tankschiffes bezüglich der erforderlichen Investitionen erhebliche Vorteile. Tankschiffe für den Flüssiggastransport werden üblicherweise durch eine Dampfturbinenanlage angetrieben. Während der Produktübernahme von einer Produktionsplattform wird dieses Energiesystem nicht benötigt. Beim Betrieb einer Verflüssigungsanlage oder anderer Anlagen während dieser Betriebsphase kann deshalb inCompared to the usual concept of processing and temporary storage at sea, this is the case with the invention Procedures required, the transoort ships used equip them with the facilities required to process the natural gas. Although this means a multiple Execution of these system parts, which, however, is overall much cheaper to carry out than the construction of an expensive one Storage facility. If it is also taken into account that in many cases two for the transport of natural gas tankers operating in shuttle traffic between the production platform and a consumer will be sufficient It is clear that the additional investment on board the tanker is significantly lower than the construction of one Interim storage. In addition, the installation of a liquefaction system or, if necessary, that for a Conversion of the natural gas required systems on board a tanker with regard to the required investments significant benefits. Tankers for the transport of liquefied gas are usually driven by a steam turbine system driven. This energy system is not required during product transfer from a production platform. When operating a liquefaction plant or other systems during this operating phase, in
Form. 672« 7.78Shape. 672 «7.78
günstiger Weise auf Teile des eigentlich für den Schiffsantrieb vorgesehenen Energiesystems zurückgegriffen werden, um die Anlagen zu betreiben. So kann bei einer Dampfturbinenanlage beispielsweise weiterhin Dampf erzeugt werden, der dann einer Turbine zugeführt wird, die den Kompressor eines Kühlkreislaufs oder anderer Aggregate antreibt. Zusätzliche Dampferzeugersysteme oder andere Arten der Energieerzeugung sind somit für die Verarbeitung des Erdgases nicht erforderlich.parts of the energy system actually intended for ship propulsion can be used in a favorable manner, to operate the systems. For example, steam can still be generated in a steam turbine system, which is then fed to a turbine that drives the compressor of a cooling circuit or other units. Additional steam generation systems or other types of energy generation are therefore required for processing the natural gas not mandatory.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird das Erdgas lediglich zu den Zeiten, zu denen ein Tankschiff in Verbindung mit der Produktionsplattform steht, gewonnen. Während der Zeiten des Wechsels gefördertes Erdgas kann beispielsweise abgefackelt werden, nach Verdichtung in die Bohrstelle reinjiziert werden oder in Ausnahmefällen, falls sich dies wirtschaftlich lohnt, im begrenzten Umfang gasförmig zwischengelagert werden.In the method according to the invention, the natural gas is only at the times when a tanker is connected to the production platform. During the At times of change, natural gas produced can be flared, for example, after compression in the drilling site be reinjected or, in exceptional cases, if this is economically viable, in a limited amount in gaseous form be temporarily stored.
Die Verflüssigung von Erdgas an Bord der Tankschiffe kann nach üblichen Verfahren vorgenommen werden. Hierfür eignen sich beispielsweise Gemischkreisläufe, in denen ein Kältemittelgemisch verdichtet, verflüssigt, kälteleistend entspannt und dann gegen zu verflüssigendes Erdgas wieder angewärmt wird. Als Kühlmittel für derartige Kältekreisläufe eignen sich insbesondere Gemische aus leichten Kohlenwasserstoffen und Stickstoff, beispielsweise ein Gemisch aus Stickstoff, Methan, Äthan und Propan. Ein solcher Gemischkreislauf kann gegebenenfalls noch mit einem Vorkühlkreislauf ausgestattet sein, mit dem eine Vorkühlung auf Temperaturen bis zu etwa -30 bis -50° C erreicht wird. The liquefaction of natural gas on board the tankers can be carried out using conventional methods. Mixture circuits are suitable for this, for example, in which a refrigerant mixture is compressed, liquefied, relaxed to produce cooling and then reheated against natural gas to be liquefied. Mixtures of light hydrocarbons and nitrogen, for example a mixture of nitrogen, methane, ethane and propane, are particularly suitable as coolants for such refrigeration cycles. Such a mixture circuit can optionally also be equipped with a pre-cooling circuit, with which pre-cooling to temperatures of about -30 to -50 ° C. is achieved .
Form, 572» 7.78Form, 572 »7.78
Da die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Kühlkreisläufe jeweils nur während der Erdgasübernahme von der Produktionsplattform betrieben werden, erfolgt gegenüber einer stationären Anlage ein stark intermittierender Betrieb. Der zu Beginn jeder Produktübernahme erforderliche Anfahrbetrieb der Verflüssigungsanlage läßt es als wünschenswert erscheinen, ein möglichst einfaches System vorzusehen, das auch von nicht hoch spezialisiertem Bedienungspersonal an Bord des Schiffes in Betrieb gesetzt werden kann. Ein derartiges einfaches System liegt beispielsweise dann vor, wenn die Komponenten des Kältemittelgemisches keiner speziellen Überwachung unterzogen werden müssen, was beispielsweise bei Kreisläufen mit vielen Komponenten erforderlich ist. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird deshalb vorgeschlagen, daß das Kältemittelgemisch aus Komponenten des zu transportierenden Erdgases besteht. Insbesondere eignet sich hierfür das Boil-off-Gas, das in den Tanks aufgrund unvermeidlichen Wärmeeinfalls stets gebildet wird. Gegenüber der usprünglichen Zusammensetzung des Erdgases enthält dieses Boil-off-Gas eine höhere Konzentration an leichten Komponenten und besteht im wesentlichen nur noch aus Methan und Stickstoff, beispielsweise aus etwa 80 % Methan und 20 % Stickstoff.Since the cooling circuits used according to the invention each only while the natural gas is being taken over from the production platform are operated, there is a strongly intermittent operation compared to a stationary system. The one at the beginning Start-up operation of the liquefaction plant required for each product takeover makes it appear desirable to provide a system that is as simple as possible, that of non-highly specialized operating personnel can be put into operation on board the ship. Such a thing A simple system exists, for example, when the components of the refrigerant mixture are not specific Must be subjected to monitoring, which is required, for example, in circuits with many components. In a further embodiment of the invention it is therefore proposed that the refrigerant mixture consists of components of the natural gas to be transported. The boil-off gas in the tanks is particularly suitable for this always formed due to the inevitable incidence of heat will. Compared to the original composition of the natural gas, this boil-off gas contains a higher concentration of light components and consists essentially only of methane and nitrogen, for example from about 80% methane and 20% nitrogen.
Bei Verwendung eines derartigen Kältemittels ist es weiterhin günstig, den Kältekreislauf mit einem Expander auszustatten, in dem ein Teilstrom des Kältemittels arbeits- und kälteleistend entspannt wird.When using such a refrigerant, it is also advantageous to use an expander in the refrigeration circuit equip, in which a partial flow of the refrigerant is expanded to work and cold-producing.
Vor der Verflüssigung oder Umwandlung von Erdgas ist in der Regel eine Reinigung erforderlich, um bei nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritten störende Komponenten abzu-. trennen. Die störenden Komponenten sind insbesondere Sauergase wie Kohlendioxid und Schwefelwasserstoff sowie im Erdgas enthaltener Wasserdampf. Sofern diese Bestand-Before the liquefaction or conversion of natural gas is in cleaning is usually necessary in order to remove interfering components in subsequent process steps. separate. The disruptive components are in particular acid gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide as well water vapor contained in natural gas. If this inventory
Form. 57» 7.7»Shape. 57 »7.7»
teile im Erdgas verbleiben, sind in nachfolgenden Anlagenteilen Korrosionsschäden und/oder Feststoffausscheidungen zu erwarten, so daß ein störungsfreier Betrieb der Anlage unmöglich wird. Weiterhin ist es in vielen Fällen auch günstig, im Erdgas enthaltene schwere Kohlenwasserstoffe, Insbesondere Äthan, Propan und Butan, abzutrennen, um sie gegebenenfalls einer gesonderten Verwertung zuzuführen.parts that remain in the natural gas are in the following system parts Corrosion damage and / or solid precipitations are to be expected, so that trouble-free operation of the system becomes impossible. Furthermore, in many cases it is also beneficial to use heavy hydrocarbons contained in natural gas, In particular, ethane, propane, and butane, separate to them if necessary, to be sent to a separate recycling process.
In einer Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Reinigung des Erdgases zumindest teilweise auf der Produktionsplattform durchgeführt. Für die Reinigung auf der Plattform eignen sich insbesondere die Verfahrensschritte Sauergaswäsche und Trocknung, wohingegen die Abtrennung schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe sowohl auf der Produktionsplattform als auch an Bord des Tankschiffes vorgenommen werden kann. In vielen Fällen ist es nämlich zweckmäßig, die Abtrennung schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe im Rahmen des Verflüssigungsverfahrens vorzunehmen, was energetisch günstiger sein kann als eine gesonderte Abtrennung in einer von der Verflüssigungsanlage unabhängigen Anlage, In a further development of the method according to the invention the cleaning of the natural gas is carried out at least partially on the production platform. For cleaning the acid gas scrubbing and drying process steps are particularly suitable on the platform, whereas the separation of heavy hydrocarbons on both the production platform as well as on board the tanker. In many cases it is it is advisable to separate heavy hydrocarbons as part of the liquefaction process, which can be energetically more favorable than a separate separation in a plant that is independent of the liquefaction plant,
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand eines in der Figur schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert.Further details of the invention are shown schematically below with reference to one in the figure Embodiment explained.
In der Figur ist eine Produktionsplattform 1 dargestellt, die über Stützen 2 auf dem Meeresboden 3 verankert ist und über den Wasserspiegel 4 hinausragt. Von einer Bohrstelle wird über Leitung 5 Erdgas zur Produktionsplattform 1 gefördert; Das Erdgas kann sowohl aus einer reinen Erdgasquelle stammen als auch Erdölbegleitgas sein.Die in letzterem Fall erforderlichen zusätzlichen Anlagen für die Erdölverarbeitung sind in der Figur jedoch nicht dargestellt. Das geForm. 5729 7.78 · ~ · ~The figure shows a production platform 1 which is anchored on the sea floor 3 via supports 2 is and protrudes above the water level 4. From a drilling site is via line 5 natural gas to Production platform 1 funded; The natural gas can come from a pure natural gas source as well In the latter case, additional equipment is required for petroleum processing however, are not shown in the figure. The geForm. 5729 7.78 ~ ~ ~
förderte Erdgas wird in der auf der Plattform 1 befindlichen Anlage 6 von Sauergasen befreit, was beispielsweise durch physikalische oder chemische Wäschen erfolgt. Das vorgereinigte Gas wird anschließend in der Anlage 7 getrocknet. Dies geschieht beispielsweise in einer Adsorberstation. Das derart vorgereinigte Erdgas gelangt danach über Leitung 8 unterhalb des Wasserspiegels 4 zu einer von der Produktionsplattform 1 entfernt liegenden, am Meeresboden über Verankerungen 9 befestigten Boje 10, an der die Tankschiffe anlegen. Die Anlegeboje 10 ist als sogenannte Single Point Mooring ausgebildet, um die das Tankschiff 11 frei beweglich ist, so daß es sich entsprechend der jeweiligen Wind- oder Wasserströmung so legen kann, daß der Strömungswiderstand möglichst gering wird.Funded natural gas is freed of acid gases in the system 6 located on platform 1, which is for example is done by physical or chemical washes. The pre-cleaned gas is then stored in plant 7 dried. This happens, for example, in an adsorber station. The natural gas pre-cleaned in this way then arrives Via line 8 below the water level 4 to a distant from the production platform 1, Buoy 10 attached to the sea floor via anchorages 9, on which the tankers dock. The mooring buoy 10 is designed as a so-called single point mooring around which the tanker 11 is freely movable, so that it can lay down according to the respective wind or water flow so that the flow resistance is as low as possible.
Von der Boje 10 wird das Erdgas über Leitung 12 zum Tankschiff transportiert und dort verflüssigt. Die auf dem Schiff befindliche Verflüssigungsanlage ist in der Figur schematisch dargestellt, und umfaßt drei Wärmetauscher 13, 14 und 15, in denen das unter Druck stehende Erdgas verflüssigt und auf etwa -161° C unterkühlt wird, bevor es im Ventil 16 auf näherungsweise atmosphärischen Druck entspannt und über Leitung 17 in einen Tank 18 eingespeist wird. Für die Kühlung und Verflüssigung des Erdgases wird ein Kältekreislauf verwendet, der ein Kühlmittel verwendet, das in seiner Zusammensetzung derjenigen des Boil-off-Gases in den Tanks 18 entspricht und daher im Bedarfsfall durch derartiges Gas aufgefüllt werden kann. Das aus dem Wärmetauscher 13 austretende warme Kühlmittel in Leitung 19 wird im Kreislaufkompressor 20 verdichtet. Der Kreislaufkompressor 20 ist dabei mit dem Energiesystem des Tankschiffs 11 gekoppelt, so daß eine gesonderte Anlage zur Energieerzeugung für diesen Kompressor entfällt. . From the buoy 10, the natural gas is transported via line 12 to the tanker and liquefied there. The liquefaction plant located on the ship is shown schematically in the figure, and comprises three heat exchangers 13, 14 and 15, in which the pressurized natural gas is liquefied and subcooled to about -161 ° C before it in valve 16 to approximately atmospheric pressure is relaxed and fed into a tank 18 via line 17. For the cooling and liquefaction of the natural gas, a cooling circuit is used which uses a coolant whose composition corresponds to that of the boil-off gas in the tanks 18 and can therefore be topped up with such a gas if necessary. The warm coolant exiting from the heat exchanger 13 in line 19 is compressed in the cycle compressor 20. The circuit compressor 20 is coupled to the energy system of the tanker 11, so that a separate system for generating energy is not required for this compressor. .
Form. 5728 7.78Shape. 5728 7.78
Das verdichtete Kreislaufmedium tritt dann in den Nachkühler 21, in dem die Verdichtungswärme an Kühlwasser abgegeben wird. Anschließend erfolgt im Kompressor 23 eine weitere Verdichtung. Der Kompressor 23 wird über eine Welle 24 von einem Expander 25 angetrieben. Das auf den höchsten Verfahrensdruck verdichtete Kreislaufmedium wird nach Kühlung im Nachkühler 26 mit Kühlwasser 27 im Wärmetauscher 13 vorgekühlt. Nach Durchströmen des Wärmetauschers 13 wird ein Teilstrom des Kühlmittels über Leitung 28 abgezweigt und in der Expansionsturbine 25 arbeits- und kälteleistend auf den Ansaugdruck des Kompressors 20 entspannt. Das entspannte Kühlmittel gelangt über Leitung 29 in den Kreislauf zurück. Der Hauptstrom des Kühlmittels wird über Leitung 30 geführt und in den Wärmetauschern 14 und 15 weiter abgekühlt. Nach kälteleistender Entspannung im Ventil 31 durchströmt es zunächst den Wärmetauscher 15 und unterkühlt dabei das zu verflüssigende Erdgas, wird dann mit dem Teilstrom 29 vereinigt und nach weiterer Kälteabgabe in den Wärmetauschern 14 und 13 zum Kompressor 20 zurückgeführt.The compressed circulating medium then enters the aftercooler 21, in which the heat of compression is given off to cooling water. This then takes place in the compressor 23 another compression. The compressor 23 is driven by an expander 25 via a shaft 24. That on the The highest process pressure compressed circulating medium is after cooling in the aftercooler 26 with cooling water 27 in the heat exchanger 13 pre-cooled. After flowing through the heat exchanger 13, a partial flow of the coolant is via line 28 branched off and in the expansion turbine 25 working and cooling on the suction pressure of the compressor 20 relaxed. The relaxed coolant returns to the circuit via line 29. The main stream of the Coolant is passed through line 30 and further cooled in heat exchangers 14 and 15. After cold-performing Relaxation in the valve 31, it first flows through the heat exchanger 15 and thereby supercooled the liquid to be liquefied Natural gas is then combined with the partial flow 29 and, after further cold release, in the heat exchangers 14 and 13 returned to the compressor 20.
Form. 572« 7.78Shape. 572 «7.78
Claims (11)
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DE19823200958 DE3200958A1 (en) | 1982-01-14 | 1982-01-14 | Method of extracting natural gas from maritime deposits |
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DE19823200958 DE3200958A1 (en) | 1982-01-14 | 1982-01-14 | Method of extracting natural gas from maritime deposits |
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DE19823200958 Withdrawn DE3200958A1 (en) | 1982-01-14 | 1982-01-14 | Method of extracting natural gas from maritime deposits |
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EP0394187A2 (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1990-10-24 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the recovery of NLG |
WO1996017777A1 (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-06-13 | Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S | Method and system for offshore production of liquefied natural gas |
WO1996029239A1 (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-09-26 | Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S | A method for treatment and transport of a hydrocarbon mixture produced on an offshore field |
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