EP0394187B1 - Method for the recovery of nlg - Google Patents

Method for the recovery of nlg Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0394187B1
EP0394187B1 EP90810212A EP90810212A EP0394187B1 EP 0394187 B1 EP0394187 B1 EP 0394187B1 EP 90810212 A EP90810212 A EP 90810212A EP 90810212 A EP90810212 A EP 90810212A EP 0394187 B1 EP0394187 B1 EP 0394187B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
ship
production platform
lng
lng tanker
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EP90810212A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0394187A2 (en
EP0394187A3 (en
Inventor
Charles Dr. Mandrin
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Sulzer AG
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Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0282—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/22—Compressor driver arrangement, e.g. power supply by motor, gas or steam turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/70—Steam turbine, e.g. used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/60—Details about pipelines, i.e. network, for feed or product distribution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of natural gas from maritime deposits, in which the unpurified gas is obtained on a production platform or ship, is subjected to deacidification and / or purification of carbon dioxide and water, and is fed to an LNG tanker for liquefaction by expansion becomes.
  • DE-A-32 00 958 shows a process for the extraction of natural gas from maritime deposits according to the preamble of claim 1, the liquefaction being carried out entirely on the LNG tanker by pressure-increasing and cooling systems from the energy system of the LNG tanker or powered by an energy source installed on the LNG tanker.
  • the further processing of non-liquefied gas components such as nitrogen and methane on the LNG tanker is not shown.
  • the invention provides a remedy here. It solves the task of bunkering cleaned flash gas with existing LNG tankers in liquid form at atmospheric pressure. According to The invention solves the problem in that the pressures and temperatures necessary for liquefaction by pre-cooling and expansion for a clean gas stream are already generated with the power of energy producers on the production platform or ship before the gas reaches the LNG tanker via a high-pressure supply line, and in that at least one compressor on the LNG tanker transports the non-liquefied residual gases back to the production platform or ship via a return line.
  • the natural gas itself can come from both a natural gas source and a well with associated petroleum gas.
  • a production platform or ship A is shown above the sea floor, the crude oil with accompanying gas is fed in a line 1 and releases the oil processed in a production 2 via a line 3 after intermediate storage in the tank 9.
  • the pre-cleaned gas is subjected to a carbon dioxide purification 6, a possible deacidification 7 and a dehydration 8 via a feed line 4 and is delivered to an LNG tanker C for liquefaction according to the Joule-Thomson effect.
  • the pressures and temperatures required for liquefaction by expansion are given to a clean gas stream 11 by a compression and cooling unit 10, the power of which is fed by energy generators 12 on the production platform or ship A; furthermore, the compressed gas at pressures which are generally higher than the critical pressure of the gas mixture, via a high-pressure supply line 25, which is led directly or via buoyancy elements or buoys B to the LNG tanker, an expansion group 30 for generating approximately 1 bar of liquid LNG supplied; Finally, the non-liquefied residual gases 36, 37 are compressed with a compressor group 40 and returned to the production platform or ship A at approximately 30 bar via a return line 26, which is similar to the high-pressure supply line 25.
  • the compression and cooling unit 10 consists of compressors 13, 14 with drive and energy generator 12, from coolers 17, 22 with cooling media 23, 24 and from liquid separators 15, 16, which convey separated liquid components back into the production area 2 via a return line 5.
  • the expansion group 30 essentially consists of a pre-cooler 28 with a downstream expansion stage 31 and liquid separator 29, which feeds the gaseous part as cooling medium via the pre-cooler 28 into the return line 26 and the liquid portion of a cold box 27, which in this case has two expansion stages 32, 33 with downstream separators 34 and from which the liquid LNG is drawn off.
  • the non-liquefied residual gases from the cold box 27 are drawn off by the compressors 41, 42 via feed lines 36, 37, 39 and compressed through feed line 38 through an aftercooler 48 with cooling medium 49 into a return line 26.
  • the compressor group 40 has two housings 41, 42 and is driven by a back pressure steam turbine 43 in order to keep the space requirements for wet steam lines and for the condenser 46 within reasonable limits.
  • the steam is fed in from the steam boiler of the LNG tanker C via a feed line 44.
  • the condensate is subcooled in a condensate cooler 50 by a liquid cooling medium 53.
  • the condensate is transported by a condensate pump 51 with line 47 back to the steam boiler and for the cooling medium 53 by a liquid pump 52.
  • the process can be supported by the cooling effect of the evaporators 60, 70, 80 of closed refrigeration circuits, which are before the first compression of the clean gas 11 and / or as an intercooler during compression and / or as an additional precooler before the first expansion stage 31.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Erdgas aus maritimen Vorkommen, bei dem das ungereinigte Gas auf einer Produktionsplattform oder -Schiff anfällt, einer Entsäuerung und/oder einer Reinigung von Kohlendioxid und von Wasser unterzogen wird und einem LNG-Tankschiff zur Verflüssigung durch Expansion zugeführt wird.The invention relates to a process for the production of natural gas from maritime deposits, in which the unpurified gas is obtained on a production platform or ship, is subjected to deacidification and / or purification of carbon dioxide and water, and is fed to an LNG tanker for liquefaction by expansion becomes.

Erdgasproduktionsplattformen und die zugehörigen Handhabungstechniken sind in der Erdöl-Erdgas-Zeitschrift (URBAN-Verlag, Neumann-Reichardtstr. 34, D-2000 Hamburg 70) beschrieben:

  • Offshore-Erdgasverflüssigung in der Nordsee 93. Jg., August 1977, Seite 268-271;
  • LNG-Transfersystem als Verbindungsleitung zweier schwimmenden Einheiten einer Offshore-Erdgasver flüssigungsanlage, 93. Jg., August 1977, Seite 277-282;
  • Erdgasverflüssigungsanlagen auf Produktionsplatt formen für die Nordsee 96. Jg., November 1980, Seite 409-413;
  • Nutzung marginaler Erdgasvorkommen mit nennenswerten NGL-Anteil durch Erdgasverflüssigung und Offshore- Tankerverladung
    97. Jg., September 1981, Seite 314-320.
Natural gas production platforms and the associated handling techniques are described in the Erdöl-Erdgas-Zeitschrift (URBAN-Verlag, Neumann-Reichardtstrasse 34, D-2000 Hamburg 70):
  • Offshore natural gas liquefaction in the North Sea 93rd vol., August 1977, pages 268-271;
  • LNG transfer system as a connecting line between two floating units of an offshore natural gas liquefaction plant, 93rd volume, August 1977, pages 277-282;
  • Natural gas liquefaction plants on production platforms for the North Sea 96th vol., November 1980, pages 409-413;
  • Use of marginal natural gas deposits with a significant NGL share through natural gas liquefaction and offshore tanker loading
    97 vol., September 1981, pages 314-320.

Im weiteren Zeigt die DE-A-32 00 958 ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Erdgas aus maritimen Lagerstätten gemäß dem Oberbegriff das Anspruchs 1, wobei die Verflüssigung vollständig auf dem LNG-Tankschiff vorgenommen wird, indem Druckerhöhungs- und Kühlsysteme vom Energiesystem des LNG-Tankschiffs oder von einer auf dem LNG-Tankschiff installierten Energiequelle gespiesen werden. Es entstehen damit Einschränkungen für das wirtschaftliche Betanken, indem entweder niedrige Produktionsraten und lange Tankzeiten in Kauf genommen werden oder jedes LNG-Tankschiff mit im Vergleich zur Fahrantriebsleistung überdimensionierten Energiequellen ausgerüstet wird. Im weiteren ist die Weiterverarbeitung von nicht verflüssigten Gasanteilen wie Stickstoff und Methan auf dem LNG-Tankschiff nicht gezeigt.Furthermore, DE-A-32 00 958 shows a process for the extraction of natural gas from maritime deposits according to the preamble of claim 1, the liquefaction being carried out entirely on the LNG tanker by pressure-increasing and cooling systems from the energy system of the LNG tanker or powered by an energy source installed on the LNG tanker. This creates restrictions for economical refueling, either by accepting low production rates and long refueling times or by equipping every LNG tanker with energy sources that are oversized compared to the propulsion power. The further processing of non-liquefied gas components such as nitrogen and methane on the LNG tanker is not shown.

Die wirtschaftliche Situation präsentiert sich heute so, dass einerseits mehr als genügend LNG-Tankschiffe weltweit vorhanden sind und dass andererseits bei der Erdölaufbereitung wesentlich höhere Forderungen bezüglich Umweltverträglichkeit zu erfüllen sind. So wird in bestimmten Ländern beim Erdölfördern auf Plattformen im Meer das Abfackeln von Flash-Gas neuerdings verboten. Plattformen, die beispielsweise 1500 m³/h Oel fördern, müssen mit 200 t/h Flash-Gas fertig werden, was die Existenz der Plattform in Frage stellt, wenn Reinjizieren im Oelfeld und Gaspipelines zum Festland nicht möglich sind.The economic situation today is such that, on the one hand, there are more than enough LNG tankers worldwide and, on the other hand, significantly higher environmental compatibility requirements have to be met when processing crude oil. In certain countries, the flaring of flash gas has recently been banned for oil production on platforms in the sea. Platforms that produce 1500 m³ / h of oil, for example, have to cope with 200 t / h of flash gas, which questions the existence of the platform if reinjection in the oil field and gas pipelines to the mainland are not possible.

Hier schafft die Erfindung Abhilfe. Sie löst die Aufgabe, gereinigtes Flash-Gas mit vorhandenen LNG-Tankschiffen in flüssiger Form bei Atmosphärendruck zu bunkern. Gemäss der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe gelöst, indem die zur Verflüssigung durch Vorkühlung und Expansion notwendigen Drücke und Temperaturen für einen Reingasstrom bereits mit der Leistung von Energieerzeugern der Produktionsplattform oder-Schiff erzeugt sind, bevor das Gas über eine Hochdruckversorgungsleitung auf das LNG-Tankschiff gelangt, und indem mindestens ein Kompressor auf dem LNG-Tankschiff die nicht verflüssigten Restgase über eine Rückführleitung zu Produktionsplattform oder -Schiff zurückfördert.The invention provides a remedy here. It solves the task of bunkering cleaned flash gas with existing LNG tankers in liquid form at atmospheric pressure. According to The invention solves the problem in that the pressures and temperatures necessary for liquefaction by pre-cooling and expansion for a clean gas stream are already generated with the power of energy producers on the production platform or ship before the gas reaches the LNG tanker via a high-pressure supply line, and in that at least one compressor on the LNG tanker transports the non-liquefied residual gases back to the production platform or ship via a return line.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind darin zu sehen, dass zum einen die Energie für eine spätere Verflüssigung bereits auf Produktionsplattform oder -Schiff aufgebracht wird und die Investition für die dafür notwendige Anlage unabhängig von der Anzahl und Grösse der LNG-Tankschiffe nur einmal getätigt werden muss. Zum anderen ist auch bei einer befristeten Benutzung von LNG-Tankschiffen deren Einsatz wirtschaftlich gerechtfertigt, da die Anlagenveränderungen auf den Schiffen mit später wieder demontierbaren Skids auf dem Oberdeck erreicht werden.The advantages of the invention can be seen in the fact that, on the one hand, the energy for later liquefaction is already applied to the production platform or ship, and the investment for the system required for this has to be made only once, regardless of the number and size of the LNG tankers. On the other hand, even if LNG tankers are used for a limited period of time, their use is economically justified, since the system changes on the ships can be achieved with skids on the upper deck that can be removed later.

Das Erdgas selbst kann sowohl aus einer Erdgasquelle als auch aus einer Bohrung mit Erdölbegleitgas stammen.The natural gas itself can come from both a natural gas source and a well with associated petroleum gas.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von einem schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht von Produktionsplattform oder -Schiff für eine Bohrstelle mit Erdölbegleitgas mit den Verbindungsleitungen zu einem LNG-Tankschiff;
  • Fig. 2 ein Fliessbild für die Gasverarbeitung entsprechend der Anordnung in Fig. 1.
The invention is described below with reference to a schematically illustrated embodiment. Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of the production platform or ship for a drilling site with associated petroleum gas with the connecting lines to an LNG tanker.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram for gas processing in accordance with the arrangement in FIG. 1.

In den Figuren ist eine Produktionsplattform oder -Schiff A über dem Meeresboden dargestellt, der Rohöl mit Begleitgas in einer Leitung 1 zugeführt wird und die in einer Produktion 2 aufbereitetes Oel nach Zwischenlagerung im Tank 9 über eine Leitung 3 abgibt. Das vorgereinigte Gas wird über eine Zuleitung 4 einer Kohlendioxidreinigung 6, einer eventuellen Entsäuerung 7 und einer Dehydratisierung 8 unterworfen und einem LNG-Tank-schiff C zur Verflüssigung nach dem Joule-Thomson-Effekt zugestellt. Erfindungsgemäss werden die zur Verflüssigung durch Expansion notwendigen Drücke und Temperaturen einem Reingasstrom 11 durch eine Kompressions- und Kühleinheit 10 erteilt, deren Leistung von Energieerzeugern 12 auf Produktionsplattform oder -Schiff A gespeist ist; im weiteren wird das verdichtete Gas bei Drücken, die in der Regel höher sind als der kritische Druck des Gasgemisches, über eine Hochdruckversorgungsleitung 25, die direkt oder über Auftriebskörper oder Bojen B zum LNG-Tankschiff geführt ist, einer Expansionsgruppe 30 zur Erzeugung von bei etwa 1 bar flüssigen LNG zugeführt; schliesslich werden die nicht-verflüssigten Restgase 36, 37 mit einer Kompressorgruppe 40 verdichtet und gekühlt über eine ähnlich wie die Hochdruckversorgungsleitung 25 geführte Rückführleitung 26 bei ungefähr 30 bar auf Produktionsplattform oder -Schiff A zurückgebracht.In the figures, a production platform or ship A is shown above the sea floor, the crude oil with accompanying gas is fed in a line 1 and releases the oil processed in a production 2 via a line 3 after intermediate storage in the tank 9. The pre-cleaned gas is subjected to a carbon dioxide purification 6, a possible deacidification 7 and a dehydration 8 via a feed line 4 and is delivered to an LNG tanker C for liquefaction according to the Joule-Thomson effect. According to the invention, the pressures and temperatures required for liquefaction by expansion are given to a clean gas stream 11 by a compression and cooling unit 10, the power of which is fed by energy generators 12 on the production platform or ship A; furthermore, the compressed gas at pressures which are generally higher than the critical pressure of the gas mixture, via a high-pressure supply line 25, which is led directly or via buoyancy elements or buoys B to the LNG tanker, an expansion group 30 for generating approximately 1 bar of liquid LNG supplied; Finally, the non-liquefied residual gases 36, 37 are compressed with a compressor group 40 and returned to the production platform or ship A at approximately 30 bar via a return line 26, which is similar to the high-pressure supply line 25.

Die Kompressions- und Kühleinheit 10 besteht aus Kompressoren 13, 14 mit Antrieb und Energieerzeuger 12, aus Kühlern 17, 22 mit Kühlmedien 23, 24 und aus Flüssigkeitsabscheidern 15, 16, die abgeschiedene Flüssigkeitsbestandteile über eine Rücklaufleitung 5 in den Produktionsbereich 2 zurückfördern. Die Expansionsgruppe 30 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Vorkühler 28 mit nachgeschalteter Expansionsstufe 31 und Flüssigkeitsabscheider 29, der den gasförmigen Teil als Kühlmedium über den Vorkühler 28 in die Rückführleitung 26 einspeist und der den Flüssiganteil einer Cold Box 27, die in diesem Fall zwei Expansionsstufen 32, 33 mit nachgeschalteten Abscheidern 34 aufweist und aus der das flüssige LNG abgezogen wird, zugeführt. Die nicht-verflüssigten Restgase aus der Cold Box 27 werden von den Kompressoren 41, 42 über Zuleitungen 36, 37, 39 abgesogen und verdichtet über Zuleitung 38 durch einen Nachkühler 48 mit Kühlmedium 49 in eine Rückführleitung 26 geführt. Die Kompressorgruppe 40 ist zweigehäusig 41, 42 und wird von einer Gegendruckdampfturbine 43 angetrieben, um den Raumbedarf für Nassdampfleitungen und für den Kondensator 46 in vernünftigen Grenzen zu halten. Der Dampf wird vom Dampfkessel des LNG-Tankschiffes C über eine Zuleitung 44 eingespeist. Das Kondensat wird in einem Kondensatkühler 50 durch ein flüssiges Kühlmedium 53 unterkühlt. Der Transport erfolgt für das Kondensat durch eine Kondensatpumpe 51 mit Leitung 47 zum Dampfkessel zurück und für das Kühlmedium 53 durch eine Flüssigkeitspumpe 52. Der Prozess kann durch die Kühlwirkung der Verdampfer 60, 70, 80 von geschlossenen Kältekreisläufen unterstützt werden, die vor der ersten Kompression des Reingases 11 und/oder als Zwischenkühler bei der Kompression und/oder als zusätzlicher Vorkühler vor der ersten Expansionsstufe 31 zugeschaltet sind.The compression and cooling unit 10 consists of compressors 13, 14 with drive and energy generator 12, from coolers 17, 22 with cooling media 23, 24 and from liquid separators 15, 16, which convey separated liquid components back into the production area 2 via a return line 5. The expansion group 30 essentially consists of a pre-cooler 28 with a downstream expansion stage 31 and liquid separator 29, which feeds the gaseous part as cooling medium via the pre-cooler 28 into the return line 26 and the liquid portion of a cold box 27, which in this case has two expansion stages 32, 33 with downstream separators 34 and from which the liquid LNG is drawn off. The non-liquefied residual gases from the cold box 27 are drawn off by the compressors 41, 42 via feed lines 36, 37, 39 and compressed through feed line 38 through an aftercooler 48 with cooling medium 49 into a return line 26. The compressor group 40 has two housings 41, 42 and is driven by a back pressure steam turbine 43 in order to keep the space requirements for wet steam lines and for the condenser 46 within reasonable limits. The steam is fed in from the steam boiler of the LNG tanker C via a feed line 44. The condensate is subcooled in a condensate cooler 50 by a liquid cooling medium 53. The condensate is transported by a condensate pump 51 with line 47 back to the steam boiler and for the cooling medium 53 by a liquid pump 52. The process can be supported by the cooling effect of the evaporators 60, 70, 80 of closed refrigeration circuits, which are before the first compression of the clean gas 11 and / or as an intercooler during compression and / or as an additional precooler before the first expansion stage 31.

Claims (8)

1. A method of recovering natural gas from marine deposits, in which method the unpurified gas accumulates on a production platform or ship (A), is subjected to a deacidification (7) and/or purification to remove carbon dioxide (6) and water (8), and is fed to an LNG tanker (C) for liquefaction by expansion, characterised in that the pressures and temperatures required for liquefaction by precooling and expansion to give a pure gas flow (11) are generated with the actual output of the energy producers (12) on the production platform or ship (A) before the flow of pure gas reaches the LNG tanker via a high-pressure supply line (25) and in that at least one compressor (41, 42) on the LNG tanker (C) returns the non-liquefied residual gases to the production platform or ship (A) by a return line (26).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one compressor (13, 14) is installed on the production platform or ship (A) to generate the maximum state pressure for the gas delivered in the system.
3. A method according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the drive of the compressors (13, 14) on the production platform or ship (A) for increasing the pressure of the pure gas (11) is provided by a gas turbine (12), to the combustion chamber of which non-liquefied residual gases (26) are also supplied.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that steam boiler plant available on the LNG tanker (C) is used to drive the compressors (41, 42) for non-liquefied residual gases (26) by way of back-pressure steam turbines (43).
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least one expansion stage (32, 33) is used in a cold box (27).
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that self-supporting units are fixed on the upper deck of the LNG tanker (C) and comprise an expansion group (30̸) for the precipitation of LNG and/or a compressor group (40̸) with a drive (43) for returning the non-liquefied residual gases.
7. A method of recovering natural gas according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that to assist the process use is made of closed refrigerant circuits, the evaporators (60̸, 70̸) of which on the production platform or ship (A) additionally withdraw heat from the pure gas (11) in order to precipitate heavier components to maintain the process and in order to save compression work.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that to assist the process use is made of closed refrigerant circuits, the evaporators (80̸) of which on the LNG tanker (C) additionally withdraw heat from the compressed gas for liquefaction before the cold box (27).
EP90810212A 1989-04-17 1990-03-19 Method for the recovery of nlg Expired - Lifetime EP0394187B1 (en)

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CH144589 1989-04-17

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US5025860A (en) 1991-06-25
AU619972B2 (en) 1992-02-06
EP0394187A2 (en) 1990-10-24
NO180005C (en) 1997-01-29
CA2013605A1 (en) 1990-10-17
JPH02296990A (en) 1990-12-07
AU5325790A (en) 1990-10-18
CA2013605C (en) 1999-11-09
NO901665L (en) 1990-10-18
JP2966884B2 (en) 1999-10-25
EP0394187A3 (en) 1990-11-28
DE59000200D1 (en) 1992-08-20
NO901665D0 (en) 1990-04-11
NO180005B (en) 1996-10-21

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