EP4240818A1 - Procédé de carbonisation hydrothermale - Google Patents
Procédé de carbonisation hydrothermaleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4240818A1 EP4240818A1 EP21801138.5A EP21801138A EP4240818A1 EP 4240818 A1 EP4240818 A1 EP 4240818A1 EP 21801138 A EP21801138 A EP 21801138A EP 4240818 A1 EP4240818 A1 EP 4240818A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- gas
- rate
- emitted
- biomass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 110
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010841 municipal wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J1/00—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis
- C10J1/26—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis using raised temperatures or pressures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
- C10L9/086—Hydrothermal carbonization
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/03—Pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/44—Time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/0923—Sludge, e.g. from water treatment plant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
- C10J2300/1612—CO2-separation and sequestration, i.e. long time storage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/183—Non-continuous or semi-continuous processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/58—Control or regulation of the fuel preparation of upgrading process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/60—Measuring or analysing fractions, components or impurities or process conditions during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of thermal conditioning using the thermochemical reaction of hydrothermal carbonization.
- Hydrothermal carbonization a well-known reaction by the acronym HTC (HydroThermal Carbonization)
- HTC Hydrothermal carbonization
- Thermal conditioning the heart of the process of which is the HTC reaction, is carried out at a high temperature - between 175°C and 260°C - and generally in an autoclave under pressure, typically from 9 to 50 bar (i.e. approximately from 1 to 5 MPa), for a time which typically varies from 5 min to 12 h.
- a catalyst for example thanks to the presence: either of an acid (for example citric or sulfuric or acetic acid), or of a base (for example caustic soda).
- the HTC reaction can be schematized in the following form: CnHmOp— > CxHyOz + aH2 ⁇ + bCO2,
- thermochemical reaction modifies the macromolecular but also molecular arrangements, with the consequence of making the material more hydrophobic and of concentrating in particular the carbon atoms and therefore the intrinsic calorific value.
- This significant increase in the hydrophobicity of the organic matter makes it easier to dehydrate in a subsequent step, for example mechanical pressing or centrifugation.
- Such a process is used in particular to push the dehydration of sludge from purification stations to very high levels of dry matter. Indeed, when the thermal conditioning step is coupled with a post dehydration step, it is possible for example to reach levels of dry matter content of the order of 70%. That is why the coupling of hydrothermal carbonization with a post-dehydration stage is called “ultra-dehydration”.
- the quality of the dehydration downstream of the thermal conditioning housing the hydrothermal carbonization reaction, at such a level, is closely linked to the operating conditions applied, in other words, to the good achievement of a minimum progress of the HTC reaction.
- the kinetics of this HTC reaction depends on the residence time of the product in the reactor, the temperature and pressure level and the quantity of reagent brought together, but also on the nature of the biomass introduced into the reactor. These factors also depend on the quality and properties of the biochar obtained, in particular after a subsequent post-dehydration step.
- the sewage sludge treated by HTC varies in quality and in particular in dryness over time.
- the rate of dry matter measured directly upstream of the hydrothermal carbonization reactor does not make it possible to predict the rate of organic matter which in this case is involved in the carbonization reaction.
- This measurement of the quantity of volatile matter is generally known more than 24 hours after the sample is taken. In fact, said sample must be placed in an oven at 105° C. for 24 hours to determine its dryness. Then this same sample will be passed through an oven at 550°C for 2 hours to burn off the organic fraction of the dry matter.
- the solutions implemented to monitor the progress of the HTC reaction are based on measuring the pH at the outlet of the reactor and preferably after subsequent heat exchangers used to cool the sludge, i.e. 2 to 3 hours already after the injection of sludge and reagents into the HTC reactor.
- this measure is not sufficient to predict good final dehydration.
- the quality of the dehydration is revealed after the operation of pressing the dehydrated material in the form of a cake, only the analyzes of this cake being able to determine the performance and of the ultra-dehydration sequence (HTC + post-dehydration). This time between the moment when the sludge enters the reactor and the moment of analysis of the dehydrated cake can be well over 10 hours.
- the dehydration performance is found to be insufficient, it is then possible, among other things, to increase the quantity of reagent, the residence time in the reactor or even the heating temperature of the reactor. On the other hand, it is necessary to wait for several final dehydration tanks to quantify the effect linked to the increase in one of these three parameters, in particular because of the different storage stages downstream.
- the analysis of the pH is then most often carried out downstream of the reactor, after expansion to atmospheric pressure and at temperatures well below 100°C.
- the measurement requires regular calibration of the pH probe.
- the indicator of the pH value of the carbonized sludge is therefore an indirect and a posteriori indication of the progress of the reaction within the reactor and in an industrial phase of continuous production of carbonized sludge. Such an adjustment therefore does not make it possible to be fast enough to anticipate the effect produced, as explained above.
- the aim of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing a method making it possible to monitor the degree of progress of the HTC reaction and to regulate said HTC reaction in the reactor in almost "real" time.
- the invention relates to a process for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass containing organic matter, said process comprising:
- biomass comprises organic matter. It may in particular be organic waste and/or sludge, in particular sludge from sewage treatment plants, industrial or municipal wastewater.
- incoming biomass (“incoming sludge”) the biomass entering the stage or the HTC reactor
- carbonized biomass the biomass resulting from the HTC stage.
- dehydrated biomass or “ultra-dehydrated biomass”.
- the organic matter of the biomass is transformed while it is subjected to specific pressure and temperature conditions in the HTC reactor.
- This transformation includes a hydrolysis then a decarboxylation and a dehydration in parallel of the organic matter with its own constituents.
- a mass balance shows that carbon and hydrogen produce CO2 and H2O by a classic oxidation-reduction reaction, 70% to 90% of the O2 disappeared being consumed by this reaction.
- it is difficult to establish the precise balance of the elements C, H and O because part of the gases formed during the HTC reaction remains dissolved in the liquid fraction, to be released after expansion in the biomass storage tank. charred.
- these dissolved and gaseous gases are in equilibrium and vary in the same direction.
- the water vapor formed by the HTC reaction cannot be distinguished from the water resulting from the vaporization of the water contained in the incoming biomass.
- the gas produced by the HTC reaction is found partly at the outlet of the reactor - part that can be measured - and a soluble part found at the level of the carbonized biomass storage tank, which cannot be measured.
- the inventors have however demonstrated that there is a correlation between this share of gas emitted in the reactor and the degree of progress of the HTC reaction in progress. They also established a correlation between the rate of production of gases emitted and more particularly the flow of gas emitted, the latter being directly measurable by the flow of incondensable gases measured at the outlet of the reactor or indirectly by the difference between the pressure in the reactor measured at the end and at the start of the reaction (this pressure difference resulting from the transformation of the material, therefore from the progress of the reaction), therefore between the flow rate of gas emitted or the pressure in the reactor and the dryness rate dehydrated biomass.
- the quantity of gas emitted increases with the degree of progress of the reaction which induces a higher pressure.
- a variation in pressure thus reveals a variation in the progress and/or performance of the reaction, on which one can act by adjusting one or more reaction parameters, such as the quantity of reactant injected for example.
- the quantity of gas emitted increases with the degree of progress of the reaction, at constant pressure, and induces a greater gas flow.
- a variation in the flow of gas emitted thus reveals a variation in the progress and/or performance of the reaction, on which action can be taken by adjusting one or more parameters reactions, such as the quantity of reactant injected for example.
- the indicator of the progress of the reaction is indeed the rate of production of gases emitted, more particularly of so-called incondensable gases, directly linked by chemical reaction to stoichiometric conditions.
- the gas production rate T e emitted is determined from the measurement of the pressure prevailing within the reactor during a tank, more precisely at the end of the tank and more specifically, at the end of the carbonization and cooling cycle to a fixed target temperature.
- the device used being completely sealed, the demonstration of the production of reaction gas, therefore of gas emitted, is revealed by the final pressure in the reactor.
- the initial quantity of product introduced is constant and the initial pressure equal to ambient air. Any higher pressure after the reaction is therefore the result of gas residing in the reactor, whose saturation pressure is much lower than that of water.
- the partial pressure of water being constant and known at a given temperature
- knowledge of the temperature and the pressure in the reactor at the end of the tank makes it possible to precisely calculate the overpressure linked to the production of incondensable gases by the HTC reaction.
- the pressure or overpressure of the incondensable gases present in the reactor at the end of the batch is thus directly linked to the rate of production of emitted gas T e .
- the pressure will be measured in the reactor at the end of the tank and after cooling to a predetermined temperature, for example to 75° C. or to 70° C.
- the measurement of the flow rate of gas emitted or the measurement of the pressure prevailing in the reactor during the HTC reaction of the reactor proves to be a sufficient indicator to know the degree of progress of the carbonization reaction in the reactor.
- it will be possible to modify the temperature parameters in the reactor via a modification of the temperature of the steam or of the heat transfer fluid), of the quantity of reactant injected (in the reactor or upstream of it). ci), and/or residence time of the biomass in the reactor, in particular by modifying the flow rate of incoming biomass, in order to thus make it possible either to improve the dehydration, or to optimize the consumption of reagent.
- these same reaction parameters can be adapted for the following batch.
- the rate of production of gas emitted T e is determined by measuring the flow rate of the non-condensable gases emitted at the outlet of the reactor (directly at the outlet of the reactor).
- the rate of production of gas emitted T e is calculated from the flow rate of non-condensable gases emitted at the outlet of the reactor.
- the process according to the invention when it is carried out continuously, therefore advantageously makes it possible to adjust the reaction temperature and/or the quantity of reagent injected and/or the residence time in the reactor in real time in measuring the flow of gas emitted at the outlet of the reactor and by comparing it with the value of the setpoint gas flow, and this throughout the HTC reaction, in a way that is simple to implement, the measurement being made at the outlet of the reactor and not inside.
- the measurement of the flow rate of gas emitted during the reaction is preferably carried out at the outlet of the reactor.
- the gas flow emitted is preferably measured using a flow meter when the HTC step is continuous.
- the measurement of the flow rate of gas emitted at the outlet of the reactor is then carried out after the passage of the gases emitted in gas condensation or dehydration means, such as a condenser, in particular of the “scrubber” type.
- gas condensation or dehydration means such as a condenser, in particular of the “scrubber” type.
- the process according to the invention when it is carried out in a tank, advantageously makes it possible to adjust the reaction temperature and/or the quantity of reactant injected and/or the residence time by measuring the pressure within the reactor and comparing it to the setpoint pressure, for the next batch.
- it is possible to adjust the residence time in the reactor by controlling the reaction time for the tank process, and/or to adjust the temperature within the reactor by cooling the reactor sealed by an exchange with a heat transfer fluid through the wall of the reactor or a coil.
- the heat transfer fluid is typically water, in particular water in the form of steam.
- the reagent is typically a catalyst to initiate the HTC reaction, which can then be self-sustaining.
- catalysts are in particular organic or inorganic acids or bases.
- the acid catalysts are preferably chosen from sulfuric acid and linear or branched Ci-Ce carboxylic acids, and in particular from linear or branched Ci-Ce mono-, di- and di- or tricarboxylic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid and citric acid.
- the hydrothermal carbonization reaction is well known to those skilled in the art, who will know how to select the operating ranges of the reaction parameters such as the temperature, pressure, and residence time.
- the HTC step is carried out at a high temperature - between 150°C and 300°C, preferentially between 175°C and 260°C - and generally under pressure, typically from 10 to 50 bar (i.e. approximately 1 at 5 MPa), for a time which typically varies from 5 min to 12 h, preferably between 1 h and 3 h.
- the hydrothermal carbonization process according to the invention involves the implementation of various complementary steps.
- a preliminary step is preferably carried out in which a value of target gas flow rate D c or of target pressure P c is chosen, depending on the dryness desired for the final product. For example, using correlation tables that have been established between gas flow, in particular CC ⁇ /pressure and dryness.
- tests can be carried out to obtain a target dryness rate (for example 65%) by setting one or more parameters, for example for example the temperature and the residence time (among other things the flow rate), and in this case the flow rate of gas emitted is then measured, which becomes the target gas flow rate D c .
- a target dryness rate for example 65%
- the variable parameter being the quantity of reagents.
- the dosage of reagents can be adjusted to approach it until it returns to it.
- the adjustment of the quantity of reagent will advantageously be carried out by successive increase and/or decrease, in particular to avoid the runaway of the reaction.
- the predetermined value of the gas flow “D c ” can be entered into means for monitoring and controlling the installation for implementing the hydrothermal carbonization process.
- the gas flow rate "D e " emitted at the outlet of the HTC reactor is measured, preferably at regular intervals or continuously, and the value of emitted gas flow D e measured with that of the target gas flow D c (+/- X%). If the emitted gas flow D e is different from the setpoint gas flow D c , at least one of the three parameters will be adjusted:
- the quantity of reactant injected in particular an HTC reaction catalyst, preferably an acid catalyst such as citric acid
- an HTC reaction catalyst preferably an acid catalyst such as citric acid
- the adjustment can be done manually or automatically.
- the amount of reactant injected is therefore increased and/or decreased as a function of the measured flow rate.
- the residence time may be modified by corresponding modification of the flow rate of incoming biomass, and/or by modification of the speed of circulation of the biomass in the reactor.
- the residence time will be modified by modifying the flow rate of incoming biomass.
- the temperature within the reactor may be modified by modifying the temperature of the heat transfer fluid, and/or of the incoming biomass.
- the temperature of the heat transfer fluid will be modified.
- the hydrothermal carbonization process further comprises a step of extracting at least part of the mixture contained in the reactor.
- the extraction is carried out continuously.
- the present invention also relates to a process for dehydrating biomass comprising:
- the mechanical dehydration step may include or consist of a pressing step, in particular by piston press or filter press. This step can also comprise or consist of centrifugation.
- the dehydrated sludge obtained will advantageously have a dryness of between 40% and 70%, preferably between 60% and 70%.
- the present invention also relates to an installation for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass containing organic matter, said installation comprising:
- a reactor means for entering the biomass into the reactor, injection means in the reactor of a heat transfer fluid and means for injecting a reagent into the reactor, means for circulating a mixture consisting of the biomass, the heat transfer fluid and the reagent under pressure and temperature conditions specific allowing the transformation of organic matter by a hydrothermal carbonization reaction, means for exiting the gas emitted into the reactor, characterized in that
- reaction control parameters which are the temperature within the reactor, the quantity of reactant injected, and the residence time in the reactor, to adjust the emitted gas production rate T e , so that the value of this emitted gas production rate T e tends to be equal to the value of the setpoint gas production rate T c .
- the means for determining the rate of production of gas emitted comprise means for measuring the flow rate of gas emitted at the outlet of the reactor.
- These measurement means preferably comprise a flow meter mounted in the gas outlet duct.
- condensation or dehydration means are provided upstream of the means for measuring the flow of gas emitted, such as a condenser, in particular of the “scrubber” type. It is also possible to use a water-adsorbing desiccant filter, such as a zeolite filter.
- the means for determining the rate of production of gas emitted comprise means for measuring the pressure prevailing in the reactor at the end of the cycle.
- the installation comprises a means of cooling by indirect contact with the fluid in the reactor for a batch process.
- the installation comprises downstream of the HTC reactor a press, said press comprising at least one biomass inlet, one biomass outlet, said biomass inlet of the press being in fluid connection with the carbonized sludge outlet of the HTC reactor .
- FIGURES Other advantages and particularities of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description of in no way limiting implementations and embodiments, and of the following figures in which:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a continuous hydrothermal biomass carbonization installation according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graphic representation which highlights the variation in dehydration performance and the flow rate of reaction gas and quantity of reagent for an installation allowing the implementation of a process carried out continuously;
- FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of a mathematical relationship between the dryness of the final cake and the final pressure at 75°C of an HTC reactor implementing a tank carbonization process.
- the device shown in Figure 1 comprises a reactor 1 arranged to implement a hydrothermal reaction.
- the rest of the description will endeavor to describe embodiments with sludge, but could be implemented with other types of biomass, such as organic waste.
- This hydrothermal reaction comprises the following steps: a sludge injection step in which the sludge is injected into the reactor 1 through a first inlet 11, a steam injection step as heat transfer fluid in which steam is injected into the reactor 1 through a second inlet 12, the second inlet 12 preferably being separate from the first inlet 11, a circulation step in which a mixture consisting of the sludge and the steam injected into the reactor 1 is put into circulation within reactor 1, a step of continuously extracting at least part of the mixture contained in reactor 1 through a sludge outlet 14.
- the sludge, containing organic matter comes for example from a hopper 2 to be conveyed into a duct (inlet 11 of the device), for example by gravity.
- the sludge arriving in the duct typically has a dry matter content by weight of dry matter of between 10 and 30%, typically of between 18 and 24%.
- the interior space of the reactor 1 is further configured to form a degassing volume 13 in an upper part of this interior space (that is to say a part of higher altitude than other parts of this interior space ).
- this degassing volume 13 the mixture does not circulate.
- This degassing volume 13 is arranged to recover gaseous incondensables and in particular CO2.
- Reactor 1 is also provided with a non-condensable outlet connecting the degassing volume 13 to an evacuation pipe 15 for possible subsequent treatments.
- This non-condensable output is controlled by a valve 16 to control the pressure in reactor 1.
- gas flow measurement means 2 such as a flow meter 18, are installed, for example downstream of conduit 15, preferably after a condenser 17, and thus make it possible to measure during the reaction the flow of gas emitted, D e .
- a setpoint flow rate value D c is chosen as a function of the dryness of the desired dehydrated biomass and this predetermined flow rate value is entered in the installation control means. of gas “D c ” (set flow), then the HTC reaction is implemented, and preferably “ultra-dehydration”, as seen above.
- a flow rate of gas emitted “D e ” is measured, preferably at regular intervals or continuously.
- the emitted gas flow measurement is processed by the control and command means with which the value of the emitted gas flow De is compared with that of the target gas flow D c (+/- X%).
- at least one of the three parameters such as the temperature T° within the reactor 1 is adjusted by controlling the input of heat transfer fluid 12, and/or preferably the quantity of reagent injected into reactor 1 from a reagent reservoir 3 and/or the residence time in reactor HTC 1.
- This reagent is a catalyst for the HTC reaction, in particular an acid catalyst, chosen from citric acid, formic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid.
- Figure 2 is a graphical representation which highlights the variation in dehydration performance and in the flow of incondensable gases (denoted NC) emitted by the reactor in continuous operation as part of the implementation of a hydrothermal carbonization process in continuous, in which the amount of reagent injection is adjustable while the other parameters are fixed such as a constant reaction time of 2h30, a constant reaction temperature at 185°C, and a single type of sludge treated.
- NC incondensable gases
- Figure 3 shows a mathematical relationship between the dryness of the final cake and the final pressure at 75°C of a 3-litre HTC micropilot operating in a tank.
- the method according to the invention therefore allows an adjustment of at least one functional parameter in real time of a continuous hydrothermal carbonization process and an adjustment of at least one functional parameter from one tank to another for a process of hydrothermal carbonization by tank.
- the adjustment time of a method according to the invention is therefore optimized.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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FR2011305A FR3115793B1 (fr) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | Procédé de carbonisation hydrothermale. |
PCT/EP2021/080464 WO2022096484A1 (fr) | 2020-11-04 | 2021-11-03 | Procédé de carbonisation hydrothermale |
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US (1) | US20230323225A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4240818A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN116507697A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2021373274A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3115793B1 (fr) |
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DE102008047883B4 (de) * | 2008-09-18 | 2011-06-01 | Agrokraft Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Behandlung von Biomasse |
DE102014103346A1 (de) | 2014-03-12 | 2015-09-17 | Ava-Co2 Schweiz Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer hydrothermalen Karbonisierungsreaktion und Verwendung eines Sensors oder Analysegeräts hierfür |
CN114481656B (zh) * | 2015-06-11 | 2024-03-22 | 思科有限责任公司 | 用于从植物基和再生材料生产纸浆、能源和生物衍生物的方法和系统 |
WO2017083544A1 (fr) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-18 | Board Of Regents Of The Nevada System Of Higher Education, On Behalf Of The University Of Nevada, Reno | Système de traitement hydrothermique de biomasse humide |
DE102016125286A1 (de) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-21 | Universität Rostock | Verfahren zur herstellung von biokohle |
EP3363881B8 (fr) | 2017-02-20 | 2020-08-19 | HTCycle AG | Procédé d'exécution d'une réaction de carbonisation hydrothermale |
CN107699306B (zh) * | 2017-10-30 | 2020-04-03 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种高氮生物质废弃物作为燃料利用的提质脱氮改性方法 |
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CN116507697A (zh) | 2023-07-28 |
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WO2022096484A1 (fr) | 2022-05-12 |
FR3115793B1 (fr) | 2023-11-24 |
FR3115793A1 (fr) | 2022-05-06 |
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