Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
  • D06B3/04—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of yarns, threads or filaments
  • D06B3/08—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of yarns, threads or filaments as hanks
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B19/00—Treatment of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours, not provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B17/00
  • D06B19/0005—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials
  • D06B19/0011—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials by heated air
  • D06B19/0017—Fixing of chemicals, e.g. dyestuffs, on textile materials by heated air the textile material passing through a chamber
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B21/00—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours
  • D06B21/02—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours the treatments being performed in a single container
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
  • D06B23/20—Arrangements of apparatus for treating processing-liquids, -gases or -vapours, e.g. purification, filtration or distillation
  • D06B23/205—Arrangements of apparatus for treating processing-liquids, -gases or -vapours, e.g. purification, filtration or distillation for adding or mixing constituents of the treating material
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
  • D06B3/30—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of articles, e.g. stockings
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
  • D06B1/02—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating by spraying or projecting
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B15/00—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
  • D06B15/10—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours by use of centrifugal force
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
  • D06B23/04—Carriers or supports for textile materials to be treated
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
  • D06B23/14—Containers, e.g. vats
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
  • D06B5/12—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length
  • D06B5/16—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length through yarns, threads or filaments
  • D06B5/20—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length through yarns, threads or filaments through hanks
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
  • D06B5/12—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length
  • D06B5/24—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length through articles, e.g. stockings
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
  • D06B5/12—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length
  • D06B5/26—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length using centrifugal force

Definitions

• the present invention relates in general to a machine for treatment of yarns and fabrics, and, in particular, a machine for environmentally sustainable dyeing, with indigo and other dyes, of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments. More particularly, the present invention relates to a machine and a method for dyeing which preferably operate in an inert environment, under nitrogen, with indigo and other reduction dyes.
• the dyeing machine according to the present invention will be described by way of nonlimiting example, with reference only to dyeing of hank yarns using indigo dye. It is however specified that, in addition to the foregoing, the dyeing machine according to the present invention is also suitable for dyeing of hanks of any fibre using the appropriate different classes of dyes, as well as, it will be appreciated subject to use of a suitable inner rotary material-carrier frame, for dyeing of ready-made garments such as socks, sweaters, jeans and the like, whether made of knitwear or fabric.
• indigo i.e. the fact that after repeated washings its blue tends to lighten until it becomes an increasingly brighter light blue, in contrast with the new “Hydron” blue which on the other hand tends to become opaque, meant that, about 50 years later, indigo returned to favour with the initial successes of jeans, the trousers which, from a classic working garment, became synonymous with leisure time, to the extent that they rose to the ranks of high fashion and became a clothing classic worldwide.
• indigo is the only dye with the particular characteristic that, over a period of time, after various washings, it makes the colour tone of garments to be produced, as is the case for classic jeans, increasingly lighter, but also very bright, and therefore gives them a very pleasing appearance.
• indigo dye One of the characteristics of indigo dye, which makes it unique, is the particular dyeing method required for its application to cotton yarn. This dyeing method has remained virtually unchanged from the times of use of the vegetable dye up to the present, over a hundred years since it was synthesised. As a result of its relatively small molecule and low affinity with cellulose fibre, in order to be applied indigo dye must not only be reduced in (leuco compound) alkaline solution, but also needs to be subjected to a plurality of impregnations, alternating with wringing and subsequent oxidations in air.
• a medium or dark shade is obtained only by subjecting the yarn to a first dyeing operation (constituted in sequence by the phases of impregnation, squeezing and oxidation), followed immediately by a plurality of overdyeing operations, which are all the more numerous the darker the shades and the greater the colour fastness required.
• the hanks were dyed in wooden tanks, immerse suspended on special rods shaped in the form of an inverted omega, such as to keep these hanks completely immersed in the dye bath, in order to prevent oxidation of the dye.
• the position of the hanks was changed manually, on these rods, which in turn were moved from one side of the tank to the other.
• the hanks were wrung out and exposed to the air for oxidation.
• hank yarns are a product wherein the yarn is wound freely, softly, regularly and voluminously, so as to keep all of the characteristics thereof unaltered. These qualities are greatly valued in the knitwear sector, especially for fine and delicate fibres. Furthermore, hanks are a product wherein the yarn is wound in the form of a loop, and thus in the only condition which, by means of a particular machine, allows the cotton hanks to be tensioned during the mercerisation treatment, which is a particularly important treatment for the knitwear and shirt production sectors.
• the mercerisation treatment also gives it greater mechanical strength, with improvement of the resilient “coating”, in addition to the important property of being dyed more intensely than the same yarn when not mercerised, thus resulting in a significant saving of dye.
• mercerised yarn is of great importance for the sectors of knitwear and shirt production which, if they have the possibility of being able to dye also with indigo, have the opportunity to expand considerably the availability of new products, which are in great demand in the fashion industry, resulting in revival of the corresponding markets in times of crisis. If yarn dyed with indigo is well fixed, and above all does not shed dust, even when it is not mercerised it is of particular interest for the potential production of a vast range of new types of smooth and worked fabrics and knitted work, as well as, in addition to conventional plushes, to make available also other sportswear articles and knitted jeans, which are in demand because they are far more convenient, easier to put on, and more comfortable than the traditional type.
• a third hank dyeing machine similar to the above two machines from a design point of view, is illustrated in document DE 855684 C.
• the hank carrier is however divided into two sections.
• the dyeing machine which is illustrated in document DE 855684 C has many design and functional problems, i.e.:
• the rods are designed for loading of 16 hanks with a length of approximately 2 m (in dyeing cabinets, the largest rods are 1 m long, and each support 8 x 500 g hanks), which are therefore difficult to handle, they are heavy, and need to be moved by two operators;
• the hank-carrier rods which are usually constituted by tubes with a small cross- section, but are 2 m long and hold 8 kg of dry yarn which becomes very heavy when wet, will almost certainly bend during the spinning, instead of remaining linear;
• the ratio between the volume of the dye bath and the weight of the yarn is very high (presumably approximately 20 to 1 ), taking into consideration the fact that in practice the dye bath occupies half the volume of the casing of the dyeing machine;
• the dyeing machine does not have heating/cooling pipe coils for the dye bath; however, since this is a dye bath with a large volume, it is presumably uneconomical to use a cooling system which takes the temperature of the dye bath to 15°C, which is the temperature of maximum affinity of indigo dye, or to use an ultrasound generator to increase the colour yield further.
• the dyeing machine illustrated in document DE 855684 C would still have an insurmountable problem in common with the two other aforementioned dyeing machines, which make it altogether unsuitable for dyeing with indigo.
• some of the spokes with the hanks (in the two aforementioned dyeing machines) and one of the two hank-carrier sectors (in the dyeing machine illustrated in document DE 855684 C) still remain alternately in contact with the air, and therefore in a condition of detrimental oxidation of the bath for dyeing the respective hanks.
• the dyeing machine illustrated in document JP S62 6966 A does not have either support devices for hanks stretched between two arms, or support devices for hanks suspended on standard rods. Without these support devices, the yarn of the hanks which are placed in the cells of the rotary basket, which is free to move and roll, would become matted and tangled, thus making the subsequent disentangling operation, and therefore use of the yarn itself, impossible.
• the dyeing machine which is illustrated in document JP S62 6966 A appears to be a conventional rotary dyeing machine for ready-made garments, using a principle which for over 50 years has also been applied universally to both industrial and domestic washing machines.
• the object of the present invention is thus to provide a machine for environmentally sustainable dyeing with indigo and other dyes, of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments, which can eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art in a manner which is extremely simple, economical, ergonomic, ecological and particularly functional.
• an object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing with indigo of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments which permits execution of the entire dyeing cycle sequentially, directly in its interior and in an inert environment, such as to provide a series of not only economic, but also quality advantages in terms of fastness, fixing of the dye, and brightness of the dyeing.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing with indigo of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments which makes it possible to reduce the number of dyeing phases to a single one.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing with indigo of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments which can operate with the minimum quantity of dye bath possible, such as to reduce substantially the consumption of energy, water and chemical products (caustic soda and sodium hydrosulphite), and consequently reduce the production costs.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments which, under nitrogen with indigo and other reduction dyes, or in contact with the air with other classes of dyes, can operate with a very low ratio between the weight of the yarn and the volume of the dye bath, with the bath closed, with or without internal recirculation, and with or without upper sprinklers, with the material-carrier frame with one or two stages rotating slowly in both directions.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing with indigo of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments which makes it possible to carry out exclusive dyeing cycles with high-concentration dye baths, and also at a low and/or high temperature.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing with indigo of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments which makes it possible to recuperate used dye baths containing indigo, such that, after titration and topping up of the various components, these dye baths can be reused.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing with indigo of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments which uses the minimum possible volume of dye bath, so as to render economical the possibility of applying a system for cooling of the dye bath itself to approximately 15°C in order to take advantage of the maximum affinity with the fibre, as well as the possibility of applying an ultrasound generator, in order to increase the colour yield further.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing with indigo of hank yarns which is particularly suitable for mercerised yarns for knitwear, shirt production and other particular uses.
• Yet another, very important object of the present invention is to provide a machine for dyeing with indigo and other dyes of hank yarns which, using the same hank-carrier rods as the dyeing cabinets according to the prior art, and with the same vertical loading system, creates advantageous operative interchangeability with these.
• the dyeing machine according to the present invention extends horizontally, and is designed to carry out dyeing of hanks and/or ready-made garments under nitrogen or in contact with the air (at atmospheric pressure or under static pressure), with partial filling and a reduced volume of the dye bath, which contains in its interior one or more material-carrier frames (for hanks on standard rods, which are common to all the dyeing cabinets according to the prior art) rotating on a single axis with a variable speed and in both directions.
• This dyeing machine can thus execute in its interior the entire dyeing operative cycle both with indigo, and with other classes of dyes.
• the dyeing machine according to the present invention does not have any of the aforementioned disadvantages of the dyeing machines of the known type, since it operates in an inert environment (preferably under nitrogen), in a rational, ergonomic, and environmentally sustainable manner.
• the fact that it operates in the particular condition of an inert environment (preferably under nitrogen), with a very low ratio between the weight of the yarn and the volume of the dye bath, equal to approximately 1 to 4, makes it possible to execute completely in its interior not only dyeing using the traditional operative method, but also dyeing with an innovative process which is monophase and/or repeatable, without intermediate oxidation, as well as individual special operative cycles with high- concentration dye baths at a low and/or high temperature, which cannot be carried out on traditional dyeing machines. All of this is performed very rapidly and in an environmentally sustainable manner.
• the dyeing machine according to the present invention also has the practical advantage of using the same hank-carrier rods as those which are commonly used by all the cabinet dyeing machines according to the prior art, with which it can therefore operate in perfect synergy.
• figure 1 is a schematic view in vertical transverse cross-section of a first embodiment of a machine for dyeing of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments according to the present invention, designed in particular for dyeing with indigo in an inert environment
• figure 2 is a schematic view in vertical longitudinal cross-section only of the dyeing apparatus of the machine in figure 1 , inside which there is fitted such as to rotate a single rotary support frame to accommodate hank-carrier rods
• figure 3 is a schematic view in vertical longitudinal cross-section only of the dyeing apparatus of the machine in figure 1 , inside which there are fitted such as to rotate two rotary support frames to accommodate hank-carrier rods
• figures 4A and 4B are schematic views in vertical transverse cross-section of two possible variants of the machine for dyeing
• the figures show two possible embodiments of the machine for dyeing of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments according to the present invention.
• the dyeing machine is indicated as a whole by the reference number 10, and is designed to carry out the dyeing of hank yarns and/or ready-made garments both with indigo and other reduction dyes, in an inert environment and preferably under nitrogen, as well as with other classes of dyes, in air.
• the dyeing machine 10 comprises at least one dyeing apparatus 12 provided with:
• a casing 18 enclosing at least one dye compartment 20; and - at least one hermetically sealed hatch 22, which is provided on said casing 18 and permits access to the dye compartment 20.
• the dyeing machine 10 also comprises at least one support frame 14, which is mounted such as to rotate within the dye compartment 20 and is designed to rotate, by means of at least one rotation pin 16, around a central axis of rotation A which is substantially horizontal and passes via the rotation pin 16.
• the rotation of the support frame 14 can be controlled, in a known manner, by one or more electric motors 58 or by other movement means suitable for the purpose.
• the dyeing machine 10 also comprises at least one tank 24, 26 (figure 1 ), or 44, 46 (figure 5), containing at least one dye bath B and at least one hydraulic circuit 28, which is connected hydraulically to each tank 24, 26 or 44, 46, and to the dyeing apparatus 12 in order to supply the dye bath B from each tank 24, 26 or 44, 46 to the dye compartment (20) and vice versa.
• the dyeing machine 10 also comprises a plurality of support means 30, 32, 34 for the hank yarns and/or the ready-made garments, which means are mounted on the support frame 14 and are accessible via the hatch 22.
• Both the casing 18 and the support frame 14 preferably have a circular form in vertical transverse cross-section, i.e. a cross-sectional obtained along a plane orthogonal to the central axis of rotation A of the support frame 14, such that the casing 18 has a cylindrical frontal wall and the dye compartment 20 thus has a cylindrical form.
• Each hatch 22 is provided on the cylindrical frontal wall of the casing 18 and the support means 30, 32, 34 are disposed on the support frame 14 according to a configuration which is preferably circumferential relative to the central axis of rotation A, and the means are placed in the vicinity of the inner surface of the cylindrical frontal wall of the casing 18, as shown for example in figures 1 , 4A, 4B and 5.
• Each support frame 14 is delimited by a pair of preferably circular lateral walls 36, 38 which are substantially flat, opposite one another, and disposed orthogonally relative to the central axis of rotation A.
• figure 2 shows a dyeing apparatus 12 which is provided with a single support frame 14 (single- stage configuration).
• figure 3 shows a dyeing apparatus 12 which is provided with two distinct support frames 14, which are adjacent to one another in the direction of the central axis of rotation A (configuration with two stages).
• the dyeing apparatus 12 it is not excluded for the dyeing apparatus 12 to be provided with three or more distinct support frames 14, always disposed adjacent to one another in the direction of the central axis of rotation A.
• each hatch 22 has a width, measured along the central axis of rotation A, which is substantially equal to the distance L between the two lateral walls 36, 38 of each support frame 14.
• each hatch 22 is “all front”, to the advantage of the loading and unloading operations of the hank yarns and or the ready-made garments into and from the dyeing apparatus 12.
• the dyeing machine 10 is designed for dyeing of hank yarns.
• Each of the support means 30 is thus constituted by a rack which supports a plurality of hank-carrier rods 40 for dyeing of the hank yarns.
• the dyeing machine 10 is designed for dyeing of ready-made garments.
• Each of the support means 32, 34 is thus constituted by a perforated compartment or container provided with at least one opening 42.
• Each perforated compartment or container 32, 34 is designed to contain the ready-made garments and to dye them by means of passage of the dye bath B through the holes with which this perforated compartment or container 32, 34 is provided.
• each support frame 14 can have one or two stages.
• Each support frame 14 can thus preferably be designed to contain six racks 30, disposed circumferentially in a “hexagon” configuration if seen in vertical transverse cross-section (as shown for example in figures 1 and 5) and each bearing three or four rows of hank-carrier rods 40.
• the hydraulic circuit 28 comprises one or more nitrogen and air supply circuits 50, which are connected hydraulically to each tank 24, 26 and to the dye compartment 20 with a cylindrical form, such as to be able to supply them with nitrogen N.
• this technical characteristic makes it possible to dye, with indigo and other reduction dyes in an inert environment, hank yarns and/or readymade garments inside the dye compartment 20.
• the two different embodiments of the dyeing machine 10, one shown in figure 1 and the other in figure 5, are in fact distinguished by the dyeing method and the type of dye bath B used.
• the embodiment of the dyeing machine 10 in figure 1 is designed to carry out dyeing with indigo and other reduction dyes, in an inert environment and under nitrogen.
• the dyeing machine 10 thus comprises a first hermetically sealed tank 24 containing an indigo-based dye bath B and a necessary quantity of nitrogen N, and a second hermetically sealed tank 26, which is connected hydraulically to the first hermetically sealed tank 24, and acts as an auxiliary tank for the indigo-based dye bath B and for the necessary quantity of nitrogen N.
• each nitrogen and air supply circuit 50 is connected hydraulically both to the first hermetically sealed tank 24 and to the second hermetically sealed tank 26.
• the dye compartment 20 with a cylindrical form can be provided in its interior with at least one chamber 54 which serves the purpose of a reduction plenum chamber for the volume of nitrogen N contained in this dye compartment 20 with a cylindrical form.
• the embodiment of the dyeing machine 10 in figure 5 is designed to carry out dyeing in air with dyes different from indigo.
• the dyeing machine 10 thus comprises a first tank 44 which operates in air, containing a bath B for dye different from indigo, and a second tank 46 which operates in air, and is connected hydraulically to the first tank 44 which operates in air and acts as an auxiliary tank for this bath B for dye different from indigo. Consequently, in this embodiment of the dyeing machine 10, the nitrogen and air supply circuits 50 are not used.
• the dyeing machine 10 can comprise at least one recirculation circuit 48 for the dye bath B contained in the dye compartment 20 with a cylindrical form.
• the dyeing machine 10 can also comprise one or more cascade sprinkler devices 52, which are connected hydraulically to the dyeing apparatus 12 by means of the hydraulic circuit 28, and are designed to sprinkle directly the dye bath B in the dye compartment 20 with a cylindrical form.
• the dyeing apparatus 12 and/or at least one of the tanks 24, 26 can also be provided with means 56 for thermal regulation of the dye bath B. These means 56 for thermal regulation can be constituted by one or more heating and/or cooling pipe coils of the dye bath B.
• the dyeing apparatus 12 can finally be provided with one or more ultrasound generators 60 in order to increase the colour yield further.
• the dyeing machine 10 is thus designed to immerse the hanks or readymade garments in the dye bath B, which occupies the lower part of the dye compartment 20. In the absence of the dye bath B, the dyeing machine 10 can also carry out the spinning directly, and, subject to discharge of the nitrogen N and intake of air, it can carry out oxidation of the hanks or ready-made garments by means of rotation of the support frame 14 around its own central axis of rotation A.
• the dyeing machine 10 in fact makes it possible to dye with a very low ratio between the weight of the yarn and the volume of the dye bath B, equal to approximately 1 to 4, compared with a value of 1 to 13 of the dyeing cabinets according to the prior art, as well as to spin and oxidise the dyed yarn and/or the ready-made garments directly in its own interior.
• the dyeing machine 10 can also dye in an inert environment (this is a particular and advantageous ecological technology described in documents EP 1771617 B1 and EP 1971713 B1 in the name of the same applicant, as well as in document WO 2017/208134 A1 ), using hank-carrier rods 40 with the same measurements as, and/or coming from, conventional cabinet dyeing machines.
• This interchangeability of the hank-carrier rods 40 is very important and extremely convenient, since it allows the dyeing machine 10 to be used for the purpose of increasing productivity significantly, only for the true dyeing phase of the operative cycle, whereas on the other hand the remaining initial operations (soaking up, steeping, etc.) and final operations (washing, soaping, softening, etc.) can also be carried out in the conventional cabinet dyeing machines.
• the particular preferred structural form of the dyeing machine 10 and of its rotary support frame 14, i.e., provided with six independent support means 30 with a narrow thickness, and with only three or four rows of hank-carrier rods 40 has been designed in order to:
• the fact of operating in an inert environment makes it possible to modernise the known operative cycle for dyeing with indigo, constituted substantially by three operative phases which are repeated several times (impregnation of the yarn with the leuco compound, elimination of the excess dye bath contained therein, and oxidation of the dyed yarn), with the addition of a fourth operative phase, i.e., that of diffusion/fixing of the leuco compound in an inert environment.
• the dye bath B which impregnates the hanks held by the support means 30, which emerge cyclically from this dye bath B, not only does not oxidise, but, since it remains in the leuco compound state, continues its action of diffusion and fixing in the fibre.
• thermal regulation means 56 can be cooling means which make it possible for example to cool the dye bath B to approximately 15°C. At this temperature, the indigo dye has the greatest affinity with the cellulose fibre, thus obtaining a better colour yield, which can be increased further by the application of one or more ultrasound generators 60.
• the dyeing machine 10 makes it possible to implement an innovative dyeing method which comprises the following monophase operative cycle, which is replicable and is carried out totally automatically.
• This dyeing method should however be considered as indicative and not compulsory, since it can be adapted to various particular production requirements, as well as to the composition of the colour kitchen and/or to other particular equipment.
• a determined quantity of dye bath B, necessary for a batch is transferred into the second, auxiliary tank 26.
• the used dye baths obtained from dyeing of the individual batches can be recuperated in an appropriate container (not shown), and, subject to titration and topping up of the various components, reused.
• said operative cycle can advantageously also be used with other classes of dyes, different from indigo.
• all of the particular characteristics and the above-described technical, economic and ecological advantages of this new machine, with the exclusion of those which relate to dyeing only with indigo, are mostly also valid for dyeing of many fibres with other classes of dyes.
• the dyeing machine 10 revolutionises the present system for dyeing of hanks in dyeing cabinets since, unlike these dyeing cabinets, it permits execution of the entire operative cycle in its interior, without moving material, with drastic reductions of the ratio between the weight of the yarn and the volume of dye bath, and reductions of energy consumption, labour, and operative times, chemical products, and above all water. All of this takes place rationally, simply, conveniently, and above all economically and environmentally sustainable.
• the dyeing machine 10 according to the present invention is structurally simplified, and although being more complete, convenient and rational, its economic cost is substantially lower.
• the dyeing machine 10 is also characterized by particular operative versatility and flexibility, since, with the support frame 14 rotating, it can dye and treat also garments made of knitwear or of fabric, with all of the above advantages.
• These processing operations are increasingly in demand, since they can be carried out in short periods of time on untreated garments which are already ready in stock, so as to permit deliveries which are speedy, and consequently in line with the increasingly rapid variations of fashion.
• the dyeing machine 10 according to the present invention is substantially constituted by an apparatus with a cylindrical form, whereas the dyeing cabinets according to the prior art have a parallelepiped form, it is advantageous, and has a much lower economic cost with reference to the structure of the further version which operates under static pressure, which is a necessary condition in order to be able to dye hanks and/or ready-made garments made of synthetic fibres, requiring dye baths with temperatures close to 120/130°C.
• the dyeing machine 10 can be subjected to higher pressures than those which can be obtained within a dyeing cabinet with a parallelepiped form, and can thus reach the above temperatures (120/130°C), with far higher performance levels than the maximum of 108/110°C which can be reached in the dyeing cabinets, which are normally pressurised to 0.4 bar.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-10-07 IT IT102020000023629A patent/IT202000023629A1/it unknown
• 2021
  • 2021-09-14 EP EP23165097.9A patent/EP4230782A3/en active Pending
  • 2021-09-14 CN CN202180067646.XA patent/CN116457518A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-09-14 WO PCT/IB2021/058370 patent/WO2022074485A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2021-09-14 EP EP21772841.9A patent/EP4225984A1/en active Pending

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