EP4223548A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines markierten papiersubstrats mit wasserzeichenmarkierung und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes markiertes sicherheitspapiersubstrat - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines markierten papiersubstrats mit wasserzeichenmarkierung und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes markiertes sicherheitspapiersubstrat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4223548A1
EP4223548A1 EP22217014.4A EP22217014A EP4223548A1 EP 4223548 A1 EP4223548 A1 EP 4223548A1 EP 22217014 A EP22217014 A EP 22217014A EP 4223548 A1 EP4223548 A1 EP 4223548A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
watermark
paper
paper substrate
marking
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22217014.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kamil GAWEL
Magdalena Lula
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polska Wytwornia Papierow Wartosciowych SA
Original Assignee
Polska Wytwornia Papierow Wartosciowych SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Polska Wytwornia Papierow Wartosciowych SA filed Critical Polska Wytwornia Papierow Wartosciowych SA
Publication of EP4223548A1 publication Critical patent/EP4223548A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/305—Associated digital information
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/309—Photographs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/333—Watermarks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of paper substrate provided with a marking in the form of a watermark, in particular a data carrier for documents with security features, in particular security documents with security features, the marking preferably comprising personal data and/or individualizing markings, and a secured paper substrate, in particular secured paper, obtained by such a method.
  • Secured documents such as securities or identification documents, confirming the existence of certain rights, legal relationships, or legal events expressed on specific information carriers, are currently an indispensable element of life in developed countries. Their importance is constantly increasing, as such documents find many applications and their number is constantly growing.
  • identification or value documents comprise a paper substrate bearing at least one security marking selected from a wide variety of security features.
  • security features include watermarks, built-in and windowed security threads, fluorescent pigments, and the like, of which a particularly useful feature used in paper substrates for hundreds of years to provide protection against counterfeiting of secured documents or banknotes is the watermark.
  • Watermarks which are recognizable images or patterns on paper when viewed in transmitted light or reflected light against a dark background, appear as varying shades of bright/dark. In fact, watermarks and their interesting designs are the most easily identifiable security features used to authenticate any secured documents such as banknotes, available to the general public.
  • the methods of creating a watermark are also widely known and used in practice.
  • a die consists of two parts - a die and a counter-die with mutual fitting.
  • the die is used to press the screen on the press, during which the wire is placed between the die and the counter-die and the mark is embossed by pressure.
  • the wire with embossed characters finally forms a cylinder which, on rotating in the paper machine, forms a paper web, while the wire drains the water and retains the cotton/cellulose fibre fraction constituting the paper pulp.
  • the structure of the paper obtained by this method may be different, depending on the composition of the fibrous material used for paper production and the technology of further processing of the raw paper, e.g. its coating, smoothing, etc.
  • the thickness of the paper in the area of the created watermark depends inter alia on the thickness/basis weight around the mark (so-called vellum) and the amplitude of the watermark itself. The tonal range is considerable.
  • the light tones of the watermark marking correspond to the areas of the resulting paper that are as thin as possible, while the dark colours correspond to the areas of the marking where the thickness of the paper is increased.
  • paper webs with areas of significantly different thickness are not of essential interest due to the numerous problems that arise during their overprinting.
  • Such standard methods for the manufacture of a paper substrate for security documents are described, for example, in WO9420679 .
  • the bright areas are due to the fact that the sheet thickness and fibre density are less than the sheet thickness and fibre density in the areas where the watermark has not been printed.
  • the dark areas are due to the fact that the thickness of the sheet and the density of the fibres are greater.
  • Conventional watermarks have transparent portions that typically have areas of a few mm 2 , and there is little difference in opacity between the bright portion of the watermark and the non-watermarked paper. In such traditional solutions, it is very difficult to print on the bright areas of these watermarks, it is very difficult to print on the thinner, bright areas, and even with very precise identification of watermarks produced by the classical method, it is difficult to obtain a good match.
  • a classic watermark can also be obtained by applying thin plates of various shapes to the wire, the so-called electrotypes/filigrees.
  • electrotypes/filigrees can take the form of a denomination applied to banknotes, but also they can be much larger markings, such as PixelMark or MultiHexa graphic symbols.
  • the supplied marking can be a one-tone, two-tone or multi-tone watermark.
  • a high-resolution, high-contrast multi-tone watermark having areas of distinct brightness is disclosed in US 2013/0255896 A1 .
  • Such a watermark is obtained in a manner analogous to that described above by means of a device provided with a surface having a raised area and perforations.
  • the perforations are such that making the cross section thereof, at a given distance from the draining surface, directly depends on said distance.
  • the application EP1743778A2 describes a method for the manufacture of colour watermarks comprising the use of a watermark applicator to which auxiliary colour material is supplied.
  • the watermark applicator contains a cylinder with an open design (similar to the open body of a dandy roll) and covered with an embossed wire mesh.
  • a watermark can also be a so-called dark watermark.
  • a watermark is obtained during the manufacture of the fibre sheet by round molds or watermark rollers for the Fourdrinier paper machine, including the intaglio print of the watermark to be obtained.
  • a watermarked sheet is then obtained which appears dark when the sheet is examined in transmitted light.
  • the dark areas correspond to the accumulation of fibres during sheet formation in the recessed portions of the watermarking means; thus the thickness of the sheet and the density of the fibres are greater in these areas than in the rest of the sheet.
  • So-called clear watermarks can be produced on a Fourdrinier machine by pressing a watermarking roller against a wet stream. The watermark is then obtained by lifting part of the watermarking roller or mould, by simply displacing the fibres and reducing the density of the material locally.
  • imitations of true clear watermarks can be obtained by chemical methods, based on ensuring local transparency of the paper carrier.
  • a binder or resin to the fibrous material to fill the micropores in the paper structure, light can pass through the medium more easily, giving the appearance of a pale watermark, as seen through transparency.
  • the disadvantage of this technique is that the applied chemicals that modify the transparency of the paper change its surface properties, in particular, they affect the ability of such a paper substrate to accept printing inks.
  • the application EP1122360 discloses paper comprising at least one multitone effect watermark comprising, when viewed in transmitted light, a set of bright areas arranged in a halftone pattern.
  • a watermark is obtained due to the presence of areas of a paper substrate with different optical densities within it.
  • the bright areas of the marking applied to the paper substrate in the form of a watermark correspond to the areas of low optical density, in particular lower in relation to the areas not modified by the marking, while the dark areas are areas of high optical density, in particular higher in relation to the areas not modified by the marking.
  • the depth of the faded areas of the watermark is between 50 and 90 % of the total thickness of the paper.
  • the desired fibre density is obtained, corresponding to the desired tone shade.
  • the rendered pattern forming a watermark marking thus contains a range of shades of a given tone.
  • the mark imitating a watermark obtained in this way is also distinguishable with the naked, unaided eye of the observer from a classic mark, because its structure is based on a change in the density of the marking and does not represent a smooth change in the appearance of the marking depending on the angle of observation associated with a change in the angle of illumination of such a watermark.
  • the publication EP0918649B1 proposes to subject a part of the paper substrate, or even a document on which the mark produced by laser etching was applied, leading to local removal of part of the thickness of the paper, to a bleaching or de-inking process to remove the brown (dark) colour.
  • a bleaching or de-inking process to remove the brown (dark) colour.
  • a suitable chemical agent leads to etching the entire paper substrate and thus modifies the substrate, changing its parameters and characteristics.
  • it requires an additional step, which can only be carried out before other elements, including security markings, are applied to the paper substrate, or before it is overprinted.
  • this particularly desirable feature is provided by the use of a laser to modify the paper surface, however, as indicated in the prior art, the marking obtained by such a method is not a watermark. Obtained as a result of laser etching, in accordance with the description of EP0918649B1 , the marking/security feature on a paper substrate is characterized by locally reduced thickness, however, the mark has a dark (brown) colour regardless of the degree of etching of this surface. Removal of such undesirable staining requires an additional staining/bleaching step that significantly affects the characteristics of the entire modified area, in particular the markings obtained by laser engraving.
  • the inventors of the present invention surprisingly found that by using an ultra-fast laser, a femtosecond laser in particular, in a single-step method of modifying the paper surface for secured documents, a watermark with the same characteristics is obtained, and therefore difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, in relation to the characteristics of watermarks obtained by standard methods, and this method additionally enables a significant improvement in the degree of security of the document provided with such a security feature due to the possibility of easy personalization of the watermark obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • ultrafast laser ablation has been used to remove fine surface paint soiling from a paper surface in preservation techniques (" Scanning the laser beam for ultrafast pulse laser cleaning of paint", Rode A.V. et al., Appl Phys A (2008) 93: 135-139 ).
  • these publications disclose, but even suggest the potential applicability of ultra-fast lasers, femtosecond lasers in particular, for ablation of a paper substrate uncoated with an additional outer layer, in particular leading to the manufacture of a marking with a watermark character, with characteristics identical to the watermark obtained using standard methods, i.e.
  • an uncolored watermark with a clearly outlined relief structure in grey scale created, for example, on the basis of raster or vector graphics, ensuring, due to the different levels of thinning of the paper substrate on which the watermark is applied, the impression of depth identical to the observed for standard watermarks.
  • the method proposed herein guarantees the possibility for the manufacture a multi- and single-tone watermark, including in particular a clear watermark, and provides the possibility of personalizing the marking in the form of a watermark manufactured by the method according to the invention.
  • the laser "watermark” obtained by the method according to the invention does not show any differences from the classic watermark obtained by standard methods when observing the marking applied as a watermark in the transmitted light with the unaided, naked eye.
  • a person skilled in the art will notice subtle differences between a conventional and a laser watermark when viewed under magnification.
  • the edges of the laser-applied marking and its surface have a "hair-like" structure, in which it is possible to distinguish the places where the paper fibres have been broken.
  • the thin structure of the watermark is free of visible "hairiness", and the surface of such a substrate is similar in the place of the applied marking in the form of a watermark and beyond.
  • the paper surface in the area where it has been modified with a femtosecond laser is more hairy and has different surface morphology from the rest of the non-laser-processed area.
  • the thinning obtained is as smooth as in the case of classic watermarks, and thus provides the same impression on the recipient of such marking.
  • the only limitation for laser watermarks is the inability to produce dark watermarks where the paper substrate is thickened where the marking occurs.
  • the tones of the character can only be provided in the direction of thinning the paper, namely obtaining bright tones in transmitted light.
  • the invention aims to meet this need for a relatively inexpensive and easily naked eye-identifiable security-enhanced paper authentication means that enables the personalization of security-provided documents in a simple, one-step process.
  • the watermark obtained by the method of the invention preferably has a repeatable pattern well recognized by the general public, which is, for example, a pattern of a simple geometric shape, such as a circle, a polygon, a star, a logo, text, for example, at least one letter or number.
  • a repeatable pattern well recognized by the general public which is, for example, a pattern of a simple geometric shape, such as a circle, a polygon, a star, a logo, text, for example, at least one letter or number.
  • the watermark can adopt anything from simple one-tone images to vector graphics to grey-scale raster graphics. Due to such applicability of the method, it is possible to highly personalize the secured document by providing it with a security feature in the form of a watermark reproducing a photograph, which reflects properly small details.
  • a watermark by the method according to the invention is not only extremely simple and effective, but also does not lead to any modification, in particular damage, to the paper surface of the document with security features.
  • security features other than the marking in the form of a watermark to the paper surface, including the area where the watermark has been created.
  • the watermark obtained by the method according to the invention has a depth less than the thickness of the paper substrate on which it is applied and none of the surfaces forming the marking, in particular none of the edges of the marking in the form of a watermark obtained by selectively removing layers of paper, protrudes above the top surface, nor over the opposite bottom surface of the paper substrate.
  • the paper substrate obtained in this way with the security feature applied to it can be easily additionally protected with an additional protective coating/coatings, for example, by laminating or varnishing, perfectly adhering to the surface of the paper substrate, due to which a longer life of such a document can be easily ensured and the potential manipulation of such a secured document will be hindered.
  • an additional protective coating/coatings for example, by laminating or varnishing, perfectly adhering to the surface of the paper substrate, due to which a longer life of such a document can be easily ensured and the potential manipulation of such a secured document will be hindered.
  • the security feature in the form of a watermark can be applied at any stage of the production of a document with security features, i.e. not only at the stage for the manufacture the paper substrate, but also at later stages, for example after the substrate is initially provided with other elements, which in turn allows for both centralized and decentralized personalization.
  • None of the prior art watermarking methods provided the possibility of introducing such a security feature on a substrate already pre-protected with security features of another type.
  • the present invention provides an effective, accessible and inexpensive security feature that is easy to process and incorporate with other security features.
  • the invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a paper substrate provided with a marking in the form of a watermark, in particular a data carrier for documents with security features, in particular security documents with security features, preferably provided with a watermark containing personal data and/or individualizing markings, which method includes the following steps:
  • the watermark applied in step c) has a relief structure.
  • irradiation of the paper substrate in step c) is performed by using a femtosecond laser.
  • the irradiation of the paper substrate in step c) is carried out using a femtosecond laser with the following parameters: laser operating frequency: 50 kHz; laser pulse energy: 44 ⁇ J; single pixel exposure time: 0.06 ms.
  • the marking in the form of a watermark is applied based on the designed source image in the form of raster graphics or vector graphics, more preferably, the watermark is applied in the form of raster graphics with a resolution of 900 - 1500 DPI, preferably 950-1050 DPI, most preferably 953 DPI.
  • the marking in the form of a watermark is applied to a paper substrate which is unmodified fibre paper, preferably offset paper or banknote paper.
  • the paper is an uncoated offset paper with a basis weight in the range of 40 g to 700 g, more preferably in the range of 50 g to 450 g, most preferably in the range of 70 g do 250 g. Even more preferably, the thickness of the offset paper is 0.08 - 0.10 mm.
  • the invention also relates to a secured paper substrate provided with the marking in the form of a watermark, in particular comprising a data carrier for documents with security features, in particular security documents with security features, obtained by a method as defined in any one of claims 1-9.
  • the marking in the form of a watermark is a marking containing personal data and/or individualizing markings, and particularly preferably the marking in the form of a watermark is a photograph, in particular a photograph of the holder of a document such as a passport.
  • At least a portion of the substrate to which the marking in the form of a watermark is applied by the method of the present invention corresponds to that portion of the substrate on which it is desired to obtain such a security feature.
  • a portion of the substrate is not limited, and it may correspond to either the entire paper substrate or a small portion(s) thereof, and when the watermark is located in different areas of the provided system including the watermark on the substrate, the portion of the substrate may correspond to several areas of the substrate on which the watermark is applied according to the invention.
  • the areas of the substrate forming such a security feature may constitute only a part of the substrate, as well as collectively correspond to the entire substrate of the system. Different areas of the security feature, both adjacent to each other or so far apart that it is not possible to recognize them as forming a common image, may be covered with one or more watermarks obtained by the method of the invention to provide specific patterns.
  • the terms “light” and “radiation” may be used interchangeably and mean flux of particles emitted by a material.
  • tone is to be understood as referring to the different intensity of the same colour.
  • tone is to be understood as referring to the different intensity of the same colour.
  • the term "substrate” should be interpreted broadly.
  • the substrate may be a blank for the manufacture of the final product, such as blank sheets of paper which, after marking, provide the secured paper, as well as the final product itself, such as an identification document, containing at least one marking intended to convey information, such as, for example, a passport.
  • the watermarked paper substrate is in particular a secured paper, especially in the form of a sheet of such paper, in particular a secured paper which is watermarked over the entire surface or only in a part.
  • an "image” or “marking” is referred to, it is generally understood to mean any visually and/or machine readable pattern, often of specific information, that can be captured by an observer in a normal, single act of cognition.
  • such patterns may be simple geometric patterns or textual and numerical information.
  • Such images or markings include realistic motifs as well as abstract motifs. Examples of realistic motifs are, in particular, photographs, portraits, landscape, plant or animal motifs. Realistic motifs can also be images of coats of arms, buildings, flags.
  • Abstract motifs include all other graphically presentable markings, including in particular those that are specific patterns, signs, including trademarks or codes. Other specific examples of abstract motifs are text or individual letters or numbers.
  • the list of the above-indicated images is not exhaustive as such images or markings within the security feature can be laser engraved into any shape.
  • the thinning effect of the paper substrate may be more or less visible, especially in transmitted light.
  • any image can be obtained, including, in particular, raster graphics in "grey scale".
  • the graphics shown in Fig. 1-3 were made at 953 DPI.
  • the image obtained was computer-designed using the Floyd-Steinberg algorithm, ensuring excellent quality and the desired repeatability of the marking obtained and containing, to the extent desired, data individualizing each document, without the need to use a mask during its manufacture.
  • the effect obtained is identical to that obtained in the case of classic grey-scale watermarks.
  • the intensity of the colour representation was ensured by the selection of the distance between the pixels forming the graphics, in particular the pixels adjacent to each other.
  • individual pixels may overlap, which in effect, in the context of removing layers of paper, provides thinner or thicker layers.
  • the initial graphic marking was each time converted into a graphic file reflecting the marking to be applied using a computer configured for such transformations.
  • Any digital machine/computer equipped with, for example, computer software capable of converting a graphic file with a graphic design into a graphic file containing a binary record of such a marking may be suitable for carrying out this process.
  • Suitable mathematical transformations are available in many freely available software packages known in the art. A person skilled in the art will, without undue experimentation, be able to select software from those available on the market suitable for computer-aided design of an image, in particular a graphic image in raster graphics.
  • the watermark was applied to the paper substrate by irradiating the paper substrate with a computer-controlled femtosecond laser, the beam of which selectively removes the layers of the paper substrate at least in a part of the area where the security marking in the form of a watermark is to be applied, such marking corresponding each time to the computer-designed source image in the form of raster graphics using a computer adapted to perform appropriate transformations of the image into raster graphics.
  • markings in vector graphics are obtained using software that allows the transformation of the target image, which is a marking in the form of a watermark to be applied to a paper substrate, into the source data of the image in vector graphics.
  • the most preferable markings, in which the applied images retained full depth and high mapping accuracy, were obtained with the following operating parameters of the femtosecond laser: laser operating frequency: 50 kHz; laser pulse energy: 44 ⁇ J; single pixel exposure time: 0.06 ms, resolution: 953 DPI.
  • the exposure time of a single pixel is selected according to the resolution of the marking to be applied to the paper substrate.
  • pixel sizes should be chosen such that adjacent pixels, corresponding to separate pulses used to selectively remove layers of paper, are close enough to each other that there is no interruption in the removal of material, and at the same time are apart enough from each other so that there is no local removal of additional layers of the paper substrate in areas where the pixels of the applied image overlap.
  • the distance of two adjacent pixels determining the location of the laser pulse should be equal to or slightly smaller, e.g. by 5 %, than the average diameter of a single coding pixel applied to the paper surface of the marking.
  • the obtained image was less clear, the thinning of the paper was smaller, which resulted in poorer visual reception of the image and lower legibility.
  • the pixel density or exposure time can be increased (to a certain extent) to ensure the same effect as that observed for classic watermarks obtained with standard methods.
  • the best results are obtained when working at low frequencies of the femtosecond laser, and increasing the frequency is associated with reducing the maximum power of a single pulse, which in turn resulted in the extension of the entire watermarking process with the femtosecond laser.
  • Markings applied in the form of a watermark were characterized each time by the maximum depth of the removed layers of the paper substrate, which was smaller than the thickness of the substrate itself. It has been observed, however, that particularly desirable effects are obtained when modification of the substrate does not lead to significant local thinning. Irrespective of the thickness of the paper substrate used, such modified paper substrates were found to be particularly useful, on which the maximum thinning of the substrate thickness after applying the marking in the form of a watermark did not exceed half the thickness of the substrate.
  • the maximum thinning of the substrate thickness after having applied the marking in the form of a watermark may be slightly more than half the thickness.
  • the watermark-secured paper substrates obtained in this way showed high durability and resistance to mechanical damage during further processing, for example they were suitable for printing in the area of the watermark.
  • Fig. 1 shows a marking in the form of a watermark obtained in raster graphics, which marking is a photograph personalizing the paper substrate provided with it, as observed in transmitted light.
  • Fig 1 a) shows a watermark obtained on traditional 90 g/cm 2 printer paper commonly used for printing.
  • Fig. 1 b) shows the same marking made on banknote paper. In both cases, the desired watermark effect was obtained, identical to the watermark obtained by standard methods.
  • the marking is perceived in the grey scale, however, within the areas of the surface subjected to modification by the laser beam, no change in colour of this paper surface, in particular any darkening, is visible.
  • Fig. 2 shows a portion of the marking in the form of a watermark of Fig. 1 on banknote paper viewed with the naked eye in a) side light and b) transmitted light.
  • the watermark obtained by selectively removing layers of the paper substrate with a laser has the same characteristics as those observed for the classic markings in the form of a watermark obtained with standard methods.
  • the marking in transmitted light does not show a dark colour, and the obtained watermark is in the form of a clear watermark characteristic of watermarks obtained as a result of thinning the paper substrate.
  • Fig. 3 shows a marking in the form of a watermark obtained in raster graphics on banknote paper in various lighting conditions.
  • the marking obtained by selective ablation of the paper substrate is a marking having the characteristics of a clear watermark with the marking area free of any dark coloration. In addition, it retains all the characteristics of such a marking.
  • the method proposed by the present inventors provides the possibility of full personalization of the applied marking acting as a security feature made with high precision and high repeatability while maintaining the characteristics identical to classic watermarks obtained using standard methods.
  • the surfaces exposed after selective removal of the outer layers of paper are either unmodified, fully retaining their original, starting structure (area outside the watermark), or slightly modified, only in terms of changing the local thickness of the substrate (areas of the watermark), and thus are perfect for further modification, including the adoption of additional security features and overprinting.
  • the paper substrate obtained in accordance with the invention is an excellent pre-secured carrier of important information, in particular personalization elements.
  • the implementation of the method according to the present invention is extremely simple, does not require the use of complex installations and/or devices, and the process of applying a watermark to a paper substrate is quick and easy to implement.
  • the solution provided by the present inventors although relatively easy and inexpensive to implement, is characterized by a very universal character and many different applications, including in particular for the production of personalization elements in the area of the security features of security documents.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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EP22217014.4A 2021-12-29 2022-12-28 Verfahren zur herstellung eines markierten papiersubstrats mit wasserzeichenmarkierung und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes markiertes sicherheitspapiersubstrat Pending EP4223548A1 (de)

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PL440024A PL440024A1 (pl) 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Sposób wytwarzania opatrzonego oznakowaniem w postaci znaku wodnego podłoża papierowego oraz zabezpieczone podłoże papierowe, w szczególności papier zabezpieczony, otrzymane takim sposobem

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EP22217014.4A Pending EP4223548A1 (de) 2021-12-29 2022-12-28 Verfahren zur herstellung eines markierten papiersubstrats mit wasserzeichenmarkierung und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes markiertes sicherheitspapiersubstrat

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Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994020679A1 (fr) 1993-03-02 1994-09-15 Arjo Wiggins S.A. Papier de securite comportant des zones localisees d'epaisseur et d'opacite reduites et son procede de fabrication
EP0918649B1 (de) 1996-07-23 2000-04-26 B.V. Lean Verfahren zum schutz eines sicherheits- oder identifikationsdokument aus papier
EP1122360A1 (de) 2000-02-01 2001-08-08 Arjo Wiggins S.A. Papier mit Mehrton-Wasserzeichen und Sieb zu dessen Herstellung
WO2004009371A1 (de) 2002-07-18 2004-01-29 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Wertdokument
EP1743778A2 (de) 2005-07-13 2007-01-17 Colin Austin Harris Herstellung von Sicherheitspapier
US20130255896A1 (en) 2010-03-24 2013-10-03 Arjowiggins Security Device for creating multitone watermarks and methods of manufacture and use thereof
EP3900944A1 (de) * 2020-04-23 2021-10-27 Bundesdruckerei GmbH Verfahren zum markieren mittels laserpulsen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994020679A1 (fr) 1993-03-02 1994-09-15 Arjo Wiggins S.A. Papier de securite comportant des zones localisees d'epaisseur et d'opacite reduites et son procede de fabrication
EP0918649B1 (de) 1996-07-23 2000-04-26 B.V. Lean Verfahren zum schutz eines sicherheits- oder identifikationsdokument aus papier
EP1122360A1 (de) 2000-02-01 2001-08-08 Arjo Wiggins S.A. Papier mit Mehrton-Wasserzeichen und Sieb zu dessen Herstellung
WO2004009371A1 (de) 2002-07-18 2004-01-29 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Wertdokument
EP1743778A2 (de) 2005-07-13 2007-01-17 Colin Austin Harris Herstellung von Sicherheitspapier
US20130255896A1 (en) 2010-03-24 2013-10-03 Arjowiggins Security Device for creating multitone watermarks and methods of manufacture and use thereof
EP3900944A1 (de) * 2020-04-23 2021-10-27 Bundesdruckerei GmbH Verfahren zum markieren mittels laserpulsen

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Title
RODE A.V. ET AL.: "Scanning the laser beam for ultrafast pulse laser cleaning of paint", APPL PHYS A, vol. 93, 2008, pages 135 - 139, XP019626866
SORIANO C. ET AL.: "Laser Engraving of Paper and Polymeric Materials for Tactile Detection", PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE - THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING, CONFERENCE MATERIALS, April 2009 (2009-04-01)

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