EP4217589A1 - Hohlstabverbundanker mit verbesserter setzfähigkeit und verfahren zum setzen eines hohlstabverbundankers in eine gesteinsschicht - Google Patents
Hohlstabverbundanker mit verbesserter setzfähigkeit und verfahren zum setzen eines hohlstabverbundankers in eine gesteinsschichtInfo
- Publication number
- EP4217589A1 EP4217589A1 EP21843629.3A EP21843629A EP4217589A1 EP 4217589 A1 EP4217589 A1 EP 4217589A1 EP 21843629 A EP21843629 A EP 21843629A EP 4217589 A1 EP4217589 A1 EP 4217589A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hollow rod
- equal
- sealing device
- bursting
- anchor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 130
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000032767 Device breakage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
- E21D20/026—Cartridges; Grouting charges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0006—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by the bolt material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
Definitions
- Hollow bar anchor with improved setting ability and method for setting a hollow bar anchor in a rock stratum
- the invention relates to a hollow rod composite anchor for stabilizing layers of rock in mining, tunnelling, civil engineering and rock engineering, having at least one anchor base with one or more outlet channels, a hollow rod arranged behind the anchor base, containing a static mixing device and an adhesive cartridge with an ejection piston, wherein the adhesive cartridge is arranged on the static mixing device via a cylindrical sealing device with at least one bursting surface, the outer diameter of the sealing device essentially corresponding to the inner diameter of the hollow rod and the bursting surface being greater than or equal to 15% and smaller than or equal to 90% of the cylinder cross-section of the sealing device, wherein the ratio of the bursting area to the area of the hollow rod wall cross-section is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 25. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an improved method for setting hollow rod composite anchors.
- DE 1020 060 467 62 A1 discloses a hollow rod composite anchor designed as a cartridge anchor, usable as a two-step anchor for use in mining, tunnelling, civil engineering and rock construction, with an adhesive, in particular a prefabricated adhesive, at least partially embedded in a hollow rod bore of a hollow rod Pressure adhesive, at least one bursting valve provided on the anchor foot side and at least one piston positioned on the anchor foot side, the outer surface of the hollow rod composite anchor being coated with an adhesive, if necessary with added filler.
- an adhesive in particular a prefabricated adhesive, at least partially embedded in a hollow rod bore of a hollow rod Pressure adhesive, at least one bursting valve provided on the anchor foot side and at least one piston positioned on the anchor foot side, the outer surface of the hollow rod composite anchor being coated with an adhesive, if necessary with added filler.
- DE 1020 090 560 89 A1 discloses a single-phase self-drilling and a two-phase cartridge spiral mixer anchor designed to be rotationally impact resistant, as a hollow rod anchor with/without drill bit, chip chamber, stepped grinder and rotary slide, but with an externally applied or rolled-on mixer spiral as the active one Movement mixers for thin-bed mixing with/without a fixed cartridge tube with the cooling channels and adhesive ribs for cooling the drill bit and for storing the adhesive cartridge with bracing adhesive are used for mixing the pressed-out adhesive cartridge in the anchor ring space and for curing with a chemically controlled increase in volume, for additional anchor bracing in mining and tunnel civil engineering and rock construction, so trained that with the externally applied mixer spiral, as an active movement mixer, a thin-bed mixture in the tot. Anchor length is made.
- a further embodiment of a device for fastening a rock anchor in a hole in the rock is disclosed in DE 69 317 784 T2, the device having a fastening element, in particular an expansion dowel, which is provided on a threaded part on the inner end of a rock anchor, the outer end of the rock bolt is provided with a washer-like pressing member adapted to press against the rock, with a nut on a threaded portion at the outer end of the rock bolt, for pressing against a support member having an opening for supplying grout to fill the cavity between the rock bolt and the rock, to improve the anchoring and to provide protection against corrosion, the rock bolt being provided with a tube which extends at least over the greater part of the free length of the rock bolt and is intended to supply grout to the inner end of the rock hole, the Supporting element the shape of a at least partially spherical shell, with an interior space for feeding grout through a hole formed in the side wall of this support member.
- a fastening element in particular an expansion dowel
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved shear connector and an improved method for setting a shear connector in a rock layer, with the setting process in particular being designed to be more reproducible, faster and safer.
- the object is achieved by the features of the independent claims, aimed at the hollow rod composite anchor according to the invention and the method according to the invention.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims, in the description or in the figures, with further features described or shown in the subclaims, in the description or in the figures, individually or in any combination, being an object of the invention as long as the context does not clearly indicate the opposite.
- a hollow rod composite anchor for stabilizing layers of rock in mining, tunnelling, civil engineering and rock engineering, having at least one anchor base with one or more outlet channels, a hollow rod arranged behind the anchor base containing a static mixing device and an adhesive cartridge an ejection piston, wherein the adhesive cartridge is arranged on the static mixing device via a cylindrical sealing device with at least one bursting surface, the outer diameter of the sealing device essentially corresponding to the inner diameter of the hollow rod and the bursting surface being greater than or equal to 15% and smaller than or equal to 90% of the cylinder cross-section of Sealing device is, wherein the ratio of the bursting area to the area of the hollow rod wall cross-section is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 25.
- the advantages according to the invention result from the adaptation of the sealing device with bursting disk that can be used according to the invention to the overall volume and the thickness of the hollow rod wall.
- the flow resistance of the adhesive can lead to an increased pressure increase and mechanical failure of the hollow rod.
- significantly higher forces have to be used to squeeze out the adhesive.
- the latter in particular, can increase the demands on the machines used to squeeze out the adhesive.
- Higher ratios of bursting to wall area of the hollow rod cross section can contribute in particular to the fact that the mechanical strength of the composite is well above the required forces, which is associated with increased material costs.
- the usable adhesive volume is unnecessarily restricted in higher ratios, which can lead to insufficient anchoring of the anchor in the rock due to the missing adhesive mass.
- a correspondingly adapted amount of adhesive is provided with sufficient strength of the hollow rod composite anchor, with the setting process in particular being accelerated and this being able to take place overall even at lower pressures. This can reduce the mechanical stress on the machine park and also increase work safety.
- the sealing device to be used according to the invention can also improve the storability of the hollow rod composite anchor, since the sealing device can efficiently prevent the adhesive material from escaping unintentionally, for example due to mechanical stress during storage or transport.
- the hollow composite rod anchor according to the invention is suitable for stabilizing layers of rock in mining, tunnelling, civil engineering and rock construction. Layers of rock can be consolidated superficially by inserting anchors in order to prevent rock fragments or slabs from coming off unintentionally.
- the chemical anchors are inserted into anchor bores, which are produced using wet or dry drilling methods depending on the hardness of the rock.
- the shear connector has a number of assemblies, with the other parts, in addition to the anchor foot, usually being arranged within a cylindrical hollow rod.
- the hollow bar can be made of metal, for example steel.
- the hollow rod composite anchor is first inserted into the drill hole on the anchor foot side and pushed all the way into the drill hole using the hollow rod attached to it. It is possible for the hollow rod composite anchor to be formed from just a single hollow rod with an anchor base or from a plurality of hollow rods and an anchor base.
- the other hollow rods can serve as an extension of the first hollow rod composite anchor via a mechanical connection option.
- the hollow rod composite anchor has at least one anchor base with one or more outlet channels. After the insertion of the hollow rod composite anchor, the anchor base is at the deepest point in the drill hole and from the anchor base fastening means can be guided out of the anchor into the surrounding rock via the outlet channels.
- the exiting fasteners apply adhesive to the whole or at least a large part of the anchor on the outside, so that after setting there is a firm connection between the hollow rod composite anchor and the surrounding rock layer.
- the outlet channels can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically on or in the anchor base, and the anchor base can preferably have more than 2, more preferably more than 3 and furthermore preferably more than 4 outlet channels.
- a hollow rod is arranged behind the anchor foot.
- the hollow rod with the other structural components of the hollow rod composite anchor can either be fixedly connected to the anchor base or designed to be connectable to it.
- the hollow rod be connected to the anchor base by a screw, clamp, welded or adhesive connection or connected to the anchor base shortly before insertion.
- variable anchor feet can be used for attachment, depending on the rock situation, or different hollow rods, for example varying in hollow rod volume.
- the material of the hollow bar can preferably be made of metal, furthermore preferably made of steel. Possible dimensions of the hollow rod are in a range from approx. 50 cm to 3 m in length and 2.5 cm to 50 cm in diameter.
- the hollow rod has a static mixing device.
- the anchor base extends first and the hollow rod can be attached to it, with the static mixing device being located inside the hollow rod adjacent to the anchor base.
- a static mixing device has no mechanically driven mixing elements.
- the mixing effect of the static mixer is essentially based on the forced guidance of the components to be mixed by the guide devices of the static mixer.
- the components to be mixed are thus first passed through the static mixer, mixed in it and leave the mixing device in the direction of the anchor base.
- the mixed adhesive is fed through the outlet channels of the anchor base into the gap between the hollow bar connector and the rock, where it then hardens completely.
- the mixing device can preferably assume an extension in the longitudinal direction of the hollow rod shear connector of greater than or equal to 5 cm and less than or equal to 50 cm.
- the ratio of the total length of the mixer to the hollow rod composite anchor expressed as the length of the static mixer unit divided by the length of the hollow rod composite anchor, can be greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.5. Within this range, good mixing results can still be obtained with sufficient adhesive volumes.
- the hollow rod composite anchor has an adhesive cartridge with a squeezing piston.
- the static mixer is filled with fastening means via a cartridge, the fastening means preferably being a one-component or two-component adhesive can.
- the two components can be referred to as hardener and binder.
- the adhesive component(s) in the cartridge are partially liquefied by applying pressure to the ejection piston and driven in the direction of the mixer. There, the components are intimately mixed and react or emerge as such.
- the mixed adhesive leaves the anchor base through the outlet channels and hardens between the outside of the anchor and the borehole wall, partially or completely along the length of the borehole up to the anchor base.
- the adhesive cartridge is arranged on the static mixing device via a cylindrical sealing device with at least one bursting surface.
- the cylindrical sealing device can be located either directly in front of or spaced from the static mixer. However, there are preferably no further functional devices of the hollow rod composite anchor between the cylindrical sealing device and the static mixing device. In the case in which the cylindrical sealing device is arranged at a distance from the static mixing device, the distance can be produced in a defined manner between the two devices, for example by means of spacers which are, for example, ring-shaped.
- the cylindrical sealing device essentially has a cylindrical geometry, it being possible for the outer boundary to the hollow rod to be designed in a circular manner, for example.
- the cylinder can have a diameter of 10-40 mm, for example, and the extension along the axis of the hollow rod can be 5-15 mm, for example.
- the sealing device has at least one surface which is designed to open when pressure is applied and thus allow the adhesive to flow into the static mixer.
- the force required to open the bursting surface can be greater than 2 bar, for example, more preferably greater than 5 bar and even more preferably greater than 7.5 bar. Within these force ranges, the sealing device can also protect the hollow rod composite anchor from an unintentional escape of the adhesive material during transport and storage and can open it safely in the application situation.
- the outside diameter of the sealing device essentially corresponds to the inside diameter of the hollow rod.
- the cylindrically configured sealing device can have an outside diameter which essentially corresponds to the inside diameter of the hollow rod.
- the sealing device can preferably be inserted into the hollow rod by means of a slight mechanical pressure.
- the outside diameter of the sealing device essentially corresponds to the inside diameter of the hollow rod.
- Smaller diameters, for example outer diameters of the sealing device which deviate by more than 3 mm, preferably more than 2 mm, from the inner diameter of the hollow rod are not preferred, since they prevent the sealing device from being introduced reproducibly into the hollow rod.
- the bursting surface can be configured differently and have different valve types.
- the bursting surface it is possible for the bursting surface to be designed in the form of a sealing surface, which partially detaches from the sealing device when pressure is applied.
- the bursting surface it is also possible for the bursting surface to be formed by a plurality of overlapping sail surfaces which, as a function of the pressure, detach from one another and allow the adhesive to flow through the sealing device.
- the bursting area is greater than or equal to 15% and less than or equal to 90% of the cylinder cross-section of the sealing device.
- the sealing device can be constructed from one or more holding elements to which the actual bursting surface of the sealing device is attached. Due to the fact that the outer diameter of the cylindrical sealing device essentially corresponds to the inner diameter of the hollow rod, the total area of the sealing device can be calculated based on the circular area of the sealing device with half the outer diameter as the radius.
- the bursting surface within the sealing device is that surface which allows adhesive to pass through when pressure is applied.
- the bursting area is within the range given above in relation to the total area of the sealing device. Smaller ratios are not preferred as they contribute to increased flow resistance of the adhesive during the squeezing process be able. Furthermore, higher ratios are not preferred since they can impair the mechanical stability of the sealing device.
- the ratio of the bursting area to the area of the hollow rod wall cross-section is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 25.
- the area of the hollow rod wall cross-section is calculated as the area of an annulus which defines the outer and inner diameter of the hollow rod. Larger outside diameters and smaller inside diameters result in a high area of the hollow rod wall cross-section, with larger inside diameters and smaller outside diameters contributing to a reduction in the annular area.
- the ratio of the bursting area to the area of the hollow rod in cross-section given above creates a preferred relationship between the necessary extrusion pressure and the mechanical strength of the hollow rod, which means that oversizing of the hollow rod composite anchor is avoided and an improved extrusion process is achieved. Due to the relationship, the mechanical forces during the extrusion process can be absorbed by the hollow rod composite anchor in a defined manner, resulting in a very fast and reproducible extrusion process. Due to the adapted bursting surface, the ejection can also take place very quickly and using very low pressures compared to the prior art. In particular, this relation makes it possible to master even very difficult anchoring situations, which occur, for example, for particularly long anchors or which require a large amount of adhesive material.
- the upper ratio can preferably be greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 9, further preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 8. These ratios can contribute to an improved setting process, in particular from anchor lengths of greater than or equal to 2 m, further preferably greater than or equal to 3 m, further preferably greater than or equal to 4 m.
- the cylindrical sealing device can have two separate bursting surfaces. In principle, the cylindrical sealing device can have one or more rupture surfaces.
- the sealing device according to the invention has turned out to be particularly suitable for the sealing device according to the invention to have two bursting surfaces which are decoupled from one another.
- the bursting surfaces are decoupled from one another in cases where the bursting surfaces do not allow the adhesive to pass through the bursting surfaces together, but rather the adhesive can enter the static mixer in two different ways from the adhesive cartridge.
- the two bursting surfaces can be constructed, for example, by the sealing device having a web which extends transversely across the sealing device. In this embodiment, the separation by the web forms two separate bursting surfaces, which extend from the web to opposite sides of the sealing device. This configuration can be used advantageously in particular when the adhesive cartridge has two different adhesives, for example in the form of a 2K composite adhesive.
- the cylindrical sealing device can be constructed symmetrically and the two bursting surfaces can be arranged separately from one another on the sealing device via a web running along the diameter of the cylindrical sealing device.
- the sealing device it has proven to be particularly advantageous for the sealing device to have two bursting surfaces of approximately the same size, which are separated from one another by a web.
- the web can be located in the center of the cylindrical sealing device and can extend over the entire diameter to the edges of the cylindrical sealing device. In this case, two bursting surfaces of equal size are formed, which extend from the web to the inner diameter of the cylindrical sealing device.
- this web area is of course not included in the bursting area.
- the bursting surfaces can preferably be of the same size. For example, by using different volumes of a 2-component adhesive, an asymmetrical configuration of the sealing device with respect to the surfaces of the two bursting surfaces can also be useful.
- the bursting surfaces can be designed as bursting sails and the ratio of the holding force of the bursting sails on the web to the holding force of the bursting sails on the outer circumference of the sealing device, expressed as the holding force on the web divided by the holding force on the outer circumference, is greater than or equal to 1 .5 and less than or equal to 5.
- the mechanical holding force of the bursting surfaces on the sealing device is configured asymmetrically. Essentially, this means that the mechanical forces to open the rupture faces from the sealing device are uneven.
- the holding force of the bursting surfaces on the web is significantly greater than the holding force of the bursting surfaces on the outer circumference of the sealing device. If the mechanical load is sufficient, this means that the bursting surfaces are first detached from the outer circumference of the sealing device, with the mechanical connection to the web remaining intact even under pressure loading. In the case of two bursting surfaces, the bursting surfaces would open from the outer circumference of the sealing device towards the web. In this embodiment, a uniform and controlled opening of the bursting surfaces can take place.
- the different holding forces of the bursting surfaces, once on the web and on the outer circumference of the sealing device can be achieved, for example, by using different adhesives with different adhesive forces or by a different mechanical arrangement of the bursting surfaces at the most varied points of the sealing device.
- the ratio can be measured, for example, using a mechanical pressure test, with the force being determined at different points on the bursting surface, which lead to a punctiform failure of the holding force.
- a measurement can be taken directly on the outer circumference of the sealing device in the area of the bursting surfaces and the other measurement at the bursting surfaces directly at the web. Due to the relative specification of the forces, further information on carrying out the force measurement is unnecessary, since the specific measurement conditions are averaged out on the basis of the comparative measurement.
- the bursting surfaces in the area of the outer circumference of the sealing device can be connected to the sealing device via breakpoints.
- the different holding forces of the bursting surfaces are made possible by a different sized fastening surface of the bursting surface.
- the bursting surface in the area of the web can be completely connected to the web.
- the bursting surface can only be connected to the outer circumference of the sealing device at a few points, so that the mechanical holding forces on the outer circumference are lower than the holding forces in the area of the web.
- the bursting surface in the area of the outer circumference of the sealing device When pressure is applied, the bursting surface in the area of the outer circumference of the sealing device will burst sooner due to the lower holding forces and the bursting surface is only held in the area of the web. As a result, the bursting surface can fold to the static mixer and release a little for the adhesive.
- the bursting surface in the area of the outer circumference of the sealing device can take place through breakpoints, the density of which is preferably at least 50%, further preferably at least 60% smaller than the density in the area of the web.
- the total bursting area of the sealing device can be greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 90% of the cylinder cross section.
- the entire bursting area is in relation to the area of the sealing device, i.e. in relation to the cylinder cross-section or again
- in relation to the inner diameter of the hollow rod connector is in the range specified above. This ratio allows a particularly quick squeezing process and it is ensured that the pressures required for squeezing out the adhesive cartridge are in the lower range.
- the squeezing process can be carried out with low demands on the devices for applying pressure and overall the work safety during the squeezing process can be increased by applying the lowest possible mechanical forces.
- the ratio specified above can preferably be greater than or equal to 55% and less than or equal to 75%, further preferably greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 70%.
- the ratio of the bursting area to the area of the hollow rod wall cross-section can be greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 3.
- This range of surface ratios has proven to be particularly suitable for providing the fastest possible squeezing process.
- the mechanical safety of the entire hollow rod is guaranteed within this range and, in addition, the pressing out of the adhesive can be guaranteed in a very short time interval by applying only low pressure. All in all, a mechanically stable and safe anchoring solution is provided, which is also inexpensive and increases the work safety of the user.
- the material of the hollow rod can have a breaking load in the tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1B:2009-12 of greater than or equal to 80 kN and less than or equal to 800 kN. Furthermore, the material can have a modulus of elasticity measured according to ISO 10406-1:2008 in a tensile test of greater than or equal to 30 kN/mm 2 and less than or equal to 300 kN/mm 2 . These mechanical characteristics of the hollow rod material can provide both the necessary flexibility and the necessary strength to be able to safely handle the forces at high extrusion speeds, even for large bursting surface diameters.
- a range of the breaking load can be disadvantageous, since small bursting area diameters can lead to high mechanical loads in the area of the sealing device, which increases the risk of mechanical failure of the anchor.
- materials can be suitable which, in total, have a modulus of elasticity and a breaking load within the specified ranges. Suitable materials are, for example, special fiber-reinforced composites, for example made of glass-fiber-reinforced polyester resin, or specially tempered steels.
- these materials can have an elongation at maximum force of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 25%, more preferably greater than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 15%, and more preferably greater than or equal to 1.5% and less or equal to 10%.
- These expansion ranges can contribute to particularly mechanically suitable anchors.
- the hollow rod can consist of E355 steel, for example.
- the use of E355 steel (1.0580) has proven to be particularly suitable for providing a hollow rod composite anchor system that is as flexible as possible.
- composition of the additional components of this steel grade can be, for example, C ⁇ 0.22, Si ⁇ 0.55, Mn ⁇ 1.60, P ⁇ 0.03 and S ⁇ 0.035%.
- This steel in particular can have a particularly favorable effect on the ratio of the bursting area to the area of the outer wall of the hollow rod connector and contribute to applications in which the hollow rod connector can be operated with a particularly low extrusion pressure.
- the use of this material also makes it possible to provide very long composite anchors with a high aspect ratio, which enable the anchor to be anchored particularly deeply in the rock.
- large amounts of adhesive material can also be provided by the structure according to the invention, which allow anchor lengths of greater than or equal to 3 m, furthermore of greater than or equal to 4 m and further preferably of greater than or equal to 6 m.
- the width of the web can be greater than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 15% based on the diameter of the cylindrical sealing device.
- a two-part division of the cylindrical sealing device with two bursting surfaces via a central web has proven to be particularly suitable.
- the web has the ratio specified above.
- the web In the longitudinal direction, the web essentially has a length in the region of the inner diameter of the hollow-rod composite anchor. In this area, the web width ensures that the web provides sufficient mechanical strength and a suitable flow resistance.
- the width of the web can be greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 10% based on the diameter of the cylindrical sealing device.
- the static mixing device can be arranged at a distance of greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 70% from the cylindrical sealing device, based on the diameter of the cylindrical sealing device.
- the sealing device should be spaced apart from the static mixing unit. direction as particularly suitable. The bursting surfaces can open unhindered and ensure unhindered penetration of the adhesive. The spacing also reduces the risk of the bursting surfaces closing the inlet or inlets of the static mixing device. A squeezing process that is as uniform as possible can be ensured and the pressures required for squeezing can also be reduced.
- a greater distance can be disadvantageous, since in this case the dead volume of the hollow rod composite anchor is increased.
- the distance can be ensured, for example, by means of spacer rods or spacer rings, which are arranged on the static mixing unit.
- the ratio can also be greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 55% based on the diameter.
- the bearing surface of the adhesive cartridge on the cylindrical sealing device can be greater than or equal to 20% and less than or equal to 55% of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical sealing device.
- the adhesive cartridge can be arranged directly on the cylindrical sealing device during the discharge process.
- the adhesive cartridge can also be designed cylindrical for this purpose, it being possible for the cylinder to be divided into two different compartments in the case of a two-component adhesive.
- the cylindrical configuration can take place, for example, in the form of a cylindrical tube, the outer diameter of which corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the hollow rod composite anchor.
- This cylinder can be designed, for example, in the form of a plastic tube, the end face of the tube being in contact with the cylindrical sealing device.
- the contact surface is thus defined as the surface on which the adhesive cartridge is in direct mechanical contact with the cylindrical sealing device.
- the adhesive cartridge therefore does not contact the cylindrical sealing device over the entire cross-sectional area of the sealing device. This can be accomplished, for example, by the sealing device or the adhesive cartridge not being flat, but being equipped with indentations. Sealing device and adhesive contact each other in the depressions ber cartridges with or without load application. Smaller proportions of contact surface can be disadvantageous, since in these cases adequate mechanical fixation of the sealing device cannot always be guaranteed during the squeezing process. Higher ratios can also be disadvantageous, since in these cases stronger vibrations during storage can lead to parts of the sealing device yielding prematurely and unintentionally.
- the adhesive cartridge can be divided into two compartments by a partition and the squeezing piston can be designed in two parts according to the compartment division, with a cutting device being arranged between the two parts of the squeezing piston.
- the configuration according to the invention has proven itself particularly in cases in which the anchor is fixed in the rock by means of a two-component adhesive.
- the two adhesive components can preferably be filled in the different compartments of the cartridge and be present separately from one another via the dividing wall.
- the two compartments of the cartridge can have the same or different volumes.
- the division into two components with a cutting device can lead in particular to the fact that the squeezing process can be carried out with low squeezing forces even in the case of more complicated gluing situations.
- the cutting device can destroy the central web while the adhesive is being squeezed out, and easy squeezing can be ensured using only slight mechanical forces.
- a method for setting a hollow rod composite anchor in a rock layer comprises at least the steps: a) drilling a hole in a rock layer to be stabilized; b) Setting a Hol shear connector according to the invention; and c) squeezing the chemical fasteners from the two compartments through the static mixer and the anchor foot by pressurization; includes.
- the setting process can also take place very quickly.
- the squeezing process can take place within 15 seconds, preferably within 10 seconds and also less than 5 seconds. Very even stabilization of the anchor in the rock can be achieved within these extrusion times, which helps to reduce the costs for the setting process.
- the squeezing can be carried out by means of compressed air or water, it being possible in particular to work with very low pressure ranges.
- no special equipment is required for setting.
- the pressure load in method step c), can be recorded over time for each squeezing process and stored digitally.
- the recording and storage of the time-dependent pressure profiles of the pressing process has proven to be particularly reliable. Unexpected positive or negative changes in the applied pressure can indicate deviations in the assumed properties of the existing rock formation, which can have a significant impact on the desired success of the stabilization measures. These can be detected via the pressure profile and give rise to further preventive measures.
- the area ratio of the diameter of the hole drilled in method step a) to the inner diameter of the hollow rod connector, calculated as the hole diameter divided by the inner diameter of the hollow rod connector, is greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 2.5, preferably greater than or equal to 1.8 and less than or equal to 2.5.
- the design of the hollow rod composite anchor according to the invention can ensure that sufficient adhesive material can always be provided for the required anchoring situations. Due to the optimized proportions of the anchor, it has turned out to be particularly favorable that the above-mentioned relation between the circumference of the hollow-bar composite anchor and the borehole is maintained. Within this range, very fast squeezing processes can be implemented, which can also be carried out very reproducibly at particularly low pressure ranges. Overall, this can improve the quality of the anchoring and, in particular, the occupational safety during the setting process.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically the structure of a hollow rod composite anchor according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows schematically the structure of an anchor base which can be used in the hollow rod composite anchor according to the invention and has one or more outlet channels;
- 3 shows a schematic of a static mixing device that can be used in the hollow shear connector according to the invention and consists of a plurality of mixing elements arranged one behind the other in a combination of three rows of mixing;
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic of a static mixing device which can be used in the hollow shear connector according to the invention and consists of a plurality of mixing elements arranged one behind the other in a two-mixing row combination;
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the structure of a press-out stamp that can be used in the hollow rod composite anchor according to the invention
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the structure of a cylindrical sealing device that can be used in the hollow composite rod anchor according to the invention, in an oblique view from below;
- FIG. 8 schematically shows the structure of a cylindrical sealing device that can be used in the hollow composite rod anchor according to the invention, in an oblique view from above;
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic plan view of the construction of a cylindrical sealing device that can be used in the hollow composite rod anchor according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a possible embodiment according to the invention of a hollow rod composite anchor 1.
- the hollow rod composite anchor 1 has an anchor base 3, which has one or more outlet channels (not shown) for the emergence of a fastener from the hollow rod composite anchor 1 .
- the hollow rod 2 is arranged on the anchor base 3 and extends over the other functional parts (4, 5, 6, 17) of the hollow rod composite anchor 1 lying on the inside.
- the static mixing device 4 in which the fastener, such as a 2-component adhesive, is mixed before exiting through the anchor base 3.
- the adhesive is located in a cartridge 5 which is divided into two compartments by a dividing wall and which is pressed out by an ejection plunger 6 by applying pressure.
- the cylindrical sealing device 17 is arranged between the cartridge 5 and the static mixer 4 and controls the inflow of the fastening means to the static mixer 4 .
- this sealing device can prevent fasteners from flowing unintentionally into the static mixing device during transport.
- the hollow rod composite anchor 1 is inserted into the borehole and the squeezing ram 6 is moved, for example by water pressure, in the hollow rod 2 from the borehole furthest away 7 through the cartridge 5 forward in Richter's anchor foot 3 .
- the adhesive is intimately mixed and enters the borehole via the outlet channel(s) of the anchor base 3 and anchors the hollow composite rod anchor 1 via the outer anchor walls in the borehole.
- FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of an anchor foot 3.
- the anchor foot 3 can have an anchor tip in which one or more outlet channels 8 for the fastening means are arranged.
- FIG. 3 shows a side view of an arrangement according to the invention of mixing elements 16 lying one behind the other of the static mixing device 4 .
- the individual mixing elements 16 are combined to form three rows 9 of mixing elements, with the center points of the rows forming a triangle relative to the direction of the flow of force.
- This means that the rows of mixing elements 9 with the respective mixing elements 16 connected in series are arranged offset to one another, with the two different geometries for the individual mixing elements 16 being shown in this illustration.
- the flow of the fastener around the mixing elements 16 and rows 9 results in the flow direction of the fastener being deflected twice by approximately 180° between the entry and exit from the static mixer (4).
- the individual rows of mixing elements 9 and thus also the mixing elements 16 can be arranged offset from one another from the point of view of the force effect, so that different starting points of the rows of mixing elements 9 result in the direction of the force effect.
- FIG. 4 shows a side view of an arrangement according to the invention of mixing elements 16 lying one behind the other of the static mixing device 4 .
- the individual mixing elements 16 are combined to form two rows of mixing elements 9 and the rear row of mixing elements in FIG. 3 has been omitted for the sake of clarity.
- the individual rows of mixing elements 9 are each made up of two different mixing elements 10, 11. These two configurations 9, 10 of the mixing elements 16 can contribute to an optimized mixing result without greatly increasing the flow resistance. Relatively large quantities of high-viscosity fasteners can also be processed with good mixing performance and a pressure that is not too high.
- FIG. 5 shows a possible housing of the static mixing device 4 within the hollow rod (not shown).
- the mixing elements that may be arranged in rows can be easily and safely introduced into the hollow rod 2 and anchored in it by means of this housing.
- the opening 12 of the mixing device points in the direction of the anchor base 3 and the rear side 13 of the mixing device 4 points in the direction of the cartridge 5 (not shown), which is divided into two compartments.
- FIG. 6 shows a possible configuration according to the invention of one half of a two-part squeezing die 6 according to the invention.
- the second half, not shown, is mirror-symmetrical to the first half 6 and is fixed to the first half 6 by a cutting device which is arranged between the two halves 6 .
- the upper and lower guide 15 and the central sealing lips 14 of the two-part squeezing ram 6 are shown.
- the risk is reduced that fastening means will push past the squeezing ram 6 in the direction of the mouth of the borehole and thus no longer be able to contribute to fixing the anchor in the borehole.
- the guide lips 15 can contribute to a more even running of the squeezing ram 6, with tilting being prevented even at high squeezing pressures or during rapid setting processes.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows an embodiment of a cylindrical sealing device 17 according to the invention from the underside.
- the term “underside” indicates that the cylindrical sealing device 17 points in the direction of the static mixing device 4 with this side.
- the overall cylindrical configuration of the sealing device 17 with an essentially round circumference can be seen.
- the figure shows the cylindrical configuration of the sealing device 17 with a round circumference which rests essentially on the inner wall of the hollow rod 2 .
- the sealing device has a central web 18 and two bursting surfaces 19 separated by this.
- the fastening means can only get out of the cartridge 5 in the direction of the static mixing device 4 through the bursting surfaces 19 .
- the central web 18 extends along the diameter of the cylindrical sealing device 17 and ensures that the cylindrical sealing device 17 has bursting surfaces 19 that are separated from one another.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows an embodiment of the sealing device 17 according to the invention in a view from “above”.
- the term “above” means that the cylindrical Sealing device 17 shows with this side in the direction of the adhesive cartridge 5.
- This view also shows the central web 18 and the two bursting surfaces 19 separated from one another by this.
- the support surface 20 of the adhesive cartridge can be seen in this view, which is held and guided by two ring-shaped guides 21, 22.
- FIG. 9 shows the configuration of a cylindrical sealing device 17 according to the invention in a plan view.
- the two bursting surfaces 19 can be seen, which are designed symmetrically and are separated from one another by a central web 18 .
- the sealing device 17 has an outside diameter 24 which essentially corresponds to the inside diameter of the hollow rod 2 .
- the sealing device has an outer elevation with an inner diameter 25 which stabilizes the sealing device against the hollow rod 2 .
- the available bursting area can be determined on the basis of the circle diameter 23, the area of the central web 18 also having to be subtracted from this circle area.
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- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102020134856.8A DE102020134856A1 (de) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Hohlstabverbundanker mit verbesserter Setzfähigkeit |
PCT/EP2021/086746 WO2022136245A1 (de) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | Hohlstabverbundanker mit verbesserter setzfähigkeit und verfahren zum setzen eines hohlstabverbundankers in eine gesteinsschicht |
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EP4217589A1 true EP4217589A1 (de) | 2023-08-02 |
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EP21843629.3A Pending EP4217589A1 (de) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | Hohlstabverbundanker mit verbesserter setzfähigkeit und verfahren zum setzen eines hohlstabverbundankers in eine gesteinsschicht |
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US (1) | US20230383652A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4217589A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2021404998A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020134856A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022136245A1 (de) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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NO176069C (no) | 1992-09-09 | 1999-06-25 | Irsta Stolindustri As | Anordning for forankring og gysing av bergbolt |
DE102006006748B4 (de) * | 2006-01-16 | 2010-07-08 | Berwald, Werner Paul, Dipl.-Ing. | Zweischritt-Inliner-Hohlstabvollverbundanker |
DE102006011652B4 (de) * | 2006-02-12 | 2010-10-21 | Berwald, Werner Paul, Dipl.-Ing. | Zweischritt-Hohlstabverbundanker für Kleberpatronen und Klebergranulat |
DE102006046762A1 (de) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-10 | Werner P. Dipl.-Ing. Berwald | Kartuschenanker sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kartuschenankers |
DE102010004926A1 (de) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | Minova International Ltd., Chesterfield | Gebirgsanker (Klebanker) mit gesondertem Misch- und Austragskopf |
DE102009056089A1 (de) | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | Werner P. Dipl.-Ing. Berwald | Patronen-Spiralmischanker |
DE102010014612A1 (de) * | 2010-04-10 | 2011-10-13 | Werner P. Berwald | Zweiphasen-Patronen-Mutterspannhülsen-Spiralmischanker |
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2020
- 2020-12-23 DE DE102020134856.8A patent/DE102020134856A1/de active Pending
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2021
- 2021-12-20 EP EP21843629.3A patent/EP4217589A1/de active Pending
- 2021-12-20 WO PCT/EP2021/086746 patent/WO2022136245A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-12-20 AU AU2021404998A patent/AU2021404998A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-20 US US18/034,147 patent/US20230383652A1/en active Pending
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AU2021404998A9 (en) | 2024-05-30 |
DE102020134856A1 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
WO2022136245A1 (de) | 2022-06-30 |
AU2021404998A1 (en) | 2023-07-13 |
US20230383652A1 (en) | 2023-11-30 |
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