EP4215323A1 - Method and device for producing sawn timber from a log, and scoring saw suitable for carrying out said method - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for producing sawn timber from a tree trunk (1), in which at least one straight side (5) is produced on the tree trunk (1) by chipping or sawing off a rind (4) and a remaining wane area is attached to the straight side by means of milling tools on at least two adjacent corner areas (6) is milled out, and at least one sideboard (10) is separated by a saw cut along a cutting line (9) defined by the corner areas (6), in which, before sawing off the sideboard (10) orthogonally to the straight side ( 5) one or more slits (7, 8) are sawn in using a scoring saw (11), the depth of which corresponds at least to the thickness of the sideboard (10) to be sawn off and in which the corner areas (6) and/or the slits (7, 8) along a straight line (21) which encloses an acute angle (22) with the transport direction (3) of the tree trunk (1), in that the milling tools and/or the scoring saw (11) each move during a feed movement of the tree trunk (1). along an adjustment axis (19), the adjustment axis (19) enclosing an acute angle of inclination (27) with a plane (26) which runs orthogonally to the transport direction (3) of the tree trunk (1).

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing sawn timber from a tree trunk and a scoring saw suitable for carrying out the method.

In industrial wood processing, squared timber, boards, slats or similar wood products are obtained from tree trunks. Such a log typically has, in relation to its cross-section, an internal cross-sectional area which is used to produce wood stock, referred to as the main stock. An outer area surrounds the inner area and is used to produce wooden goods, which are referred to as sideboards. In order to achieve a high wood yield, it is necessary to separate both the main and the side goods from the tree trunk with as little wood waste as possible.

It is common for the processed tree trunks to have a curved trunk profile or, for example, a plurality of different cross-sections which vary both in their shapes and in their dimensions along a trunk axis. This has a negative effect on the production of the sideboard. Because in order to obtain long and wide sideboards, a large amount of wood must typically be removed from the outer area of the tree trunk in order to compensate for the disruptive deviations in the trunk geometry and to straighten the tree trunk. Here, the tree trunk is provided with a profile which corresponds to the profile of the desired sideboard, with a large amount of wood waste being produced.

It is the object of the invention to optimize the wood yield when obtaining sideboards in industrial wood processing.

The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, a device according to claim 9 and a scoring saw according to claim 10. Advantageous Developments of the method according to the invention can be found in dependent claims 2 to 8. Advantageous developments of the scoring saw according to the invention are the subject matter of dependent claims 11 to 13.

In the method according to the invention for producing sawn timber from a tree trunk, at least one straight side is produced on a tree trunk by chipping or sawing off a rind. A remaining wane area is milled out using milling tools, so-called profile milling cutters, in at least two corner regions adjoining the straight side. A sideboard is separated by a saw cut along a cutting line defined by the corner areas. According to the invention, before the sideboard is sawn off, one or more slots are sawn orthogonally to the straight side by means of a scoring saw, the depth of which corresponds at least to the thickness of the sideboard to be sawn off. The corner areas and/or the slot are each attached along a straight line which encloses an acute angle with the transport direction of the tree trunk. For this purpose, the milling tools and/or the scoring saw are each shifted along an adjustment axis during a feed movement of the tree trunk, with the adjustment axis enclosing an acute angle of inclination with a plane that runs orthogonally to the transport direction of the tree trunk or runs orthogonally to the transport direction of the tree trunk. The sawing of the slots can be carried out both before and after milling the corner area.

According to the invention, the straight side can be produced by means of a first processing device, through which the tree trunk is conveyed along the transport direction. The tree trunk extends with its trunk axis essentially along the direction of transport. Such a first processing device can have a chipper head, which is preferably designed as a face milling cutter and is arranged in such a way that the tree trunk is moved against the chipper head as a result of its feed movement. By means of a rotating cutting movement of the chipper head, the rind of the tree trunk is chipped and a flat surface is left in its place, which corresponds to the straight side. Alternatively, a sawing device with a sawing means, in particular a saw band and/or a saw blade, can be provided in order to separate the rind from the tree trunk in a coherent piece, the straight side also being formed.

The tree trunk can then be conveyed into a second processing device which has the milling tools and/or the scoring saw, by means of which the corner areas or the slots are produced. It is within the scope of the invention for the tree trunk to be processed using the milling tools and the scoring saw in succession or simultaneously.

The processing of the wane area by means of the milling tools serves to create at least one additional side (e.g. a narrow side) of the sideboard board to be sawn off, which adjoins the previously created, straight side. In the context of the invention, the wane area corresponds to an area of the tree trunk that has a natural curve. Alternatively, the wane area can also be referred to as a forest edge or tree edge. In a simple manner, the milling tools can each comprise a rotating profile milling cutter which has a milling profile, at least in some areas, which corresponds to the profile of the corner area to be produced. The milling tool can be put into a rotating cutting movement and the tree trunk can be moved against the milling tool as a result of its transport movement. Here, the milling tools penetrate into the wane areas and create a corner area in each case. After the tree trunk has been processed by means of the milling tools, the tree trunk is profiled in the region of the previously produced straight side in accordance with the desired sideboard geometry, with the sideboard to be produced still being arranged on the tree trunk.

The processing of the sideboard by means of the scoring saw serves to provide the sideboard still arranged on the tree trunk with at least one slit. For this purpose, the scoring saw can have a saw blade, which is set in a cutting movement and against which the tree trunk is moved. As a result of the feed movement of the tree trunk and the cutting movement of the saw blade, the saw blade penetrates the straight side of the tree trunk. This creates the slot that divides the previously created, straight side into two areas. These two areas preferably each correspond to a sideboard to be produced. The scoring saw preferably comprises a plurality of saw blades in order to provide the sideboard with a plurality of slits and accordingly to divide it into a plurality of sideboards.

It is essential for the method according to the invention that the milling tools and/or the scoring saw move along the tree trunk during the feed movement the adjustment axis can be shifted. As described above, in the simplest case, the adjustment axis runs orthogonally to the transport direction, but preferably in such a way that it encloses an acute angle of inclination with the plane that runs orthogonally to the transport direction of the tree trunk. In other words, the adjustment axis is slightly inclined with respect to the orthogonal to the transport direction.

According to the invention, the feed movement of the tree trunk and the adjustment movement of the milling tools and/or the scoring saw are superimposed. The result of this is that the corner areas and/or the slit are not introduced into the tree trunk parallel to the transport direction, but rather at an angle to it. This results in a diagonally running corner area and/or at least one diagonally running slot with respect to the transport device of the tree trunk. The acute angle that occurs between the transport direction of the tree trunk and the corner areas or the slit depends on the inclination angle of the adjustment axis, the feed speed of the tree trunk and the adjustment speed of the milling tools or the scoring saw.

Compared to tree trunk processing, in which the sideboards are produced by means of one or more incisions, which run parallel to the transport direction of the tree trunk, this increases the wood yield, since wider and longer sideboards can be obtained overall.

It is within the scope of the invention that the milling tools and the scoring saw can be displaced along their respective adjustment axis together or separately from one another and simultaneously or with a time delay. This results in the method variants according to the invention explained below.

In a first variant of the method, the tree trunk is processed using the milling tools at the same time as it is processed using the scoring saw. In order to produce the corner areas, the milling tools can be shifted along the adjustment axis, as a result of which the above-mentioned diagonally running sideboard profile is set on the tree trunk. At the same time, as a result of its feed movement, the tree trunk is moved against the scoring saw, which is also moved along the adjustment axis while one or more slots are being produced.

In a second variant of the method according to the invention, the processing of the tree trunk by means of the milling tools takes place at a later time than the processing of the tree trunk by means of the scoring saw. In this case, the milling tools can be displaced along a first adjustment axis and the scoring saw can be displaced along a second adjustment axis. The first and second adjustment axes are preferably aligned parallel to one another.

In a third variant of the method according to the invention, the milling tools cannot be displaced along the adjustment axis during the production of the corner regions, but can be displaced orthogonally to the transport direction, for example. This is particularly conceivable if the milling tools are designed as rotating profile milling cutters. The scoring saw, on the other hand, is shifted along the adjustment axis, which is inclined by the angle of inclination.

In a fourth variant of the method according to the invention, only the milling tools are displaced along the adjustment axis in order to produce a diagonally running sideboard profile. The scribe saw remains in a previously set position and creates a slit which extends parallel to the transport direction.

In a fifth variant of the method according to the invention, only the scoring saw is displaced along the adjustment axis in order to produce a diagonal slot. The milling tools remain in a previously set position and create corner areas which extend parallel to the transport direction of the log.

After the corner areas and/or slits have been produced, the tree trunk can reach a third processing device which has a sawing means, by means of which the sideboard is separated from the tree trunk. Here, the previously profiled and slit side goods can fall off the tree trunk in the form of at least two side goods boards or can be removed and further processed.

The invention is not limited to the geometry of the tree trunk to be processed. Rather, it is possible according to the invention to process a tree trunk that has a straight or a curved trunk profile and the cross-section of the tree trunk along the trunk axis has uniform or non-uniform dimensions and/or shapes. In the case of curved tree trunks, the tree trunk can be guided through the processing units, i.e. through the profiling device, milling tools and sawing device, in a manner known per se, following its curvature (i.e. following the curve), so that curved boards are produced over their length, which can, however, be straightened by pressing during storage.

In an advantageous further development, the milling tools and/or the scoring saw are inclined with their respective adjustment axis in the direction of the inclined straight line by the acute angle of inclination.

According to the development of the method described above, a method step is provided in which the milling tools and the scoring saw are inclined with their respective adjustment axis by the angle of inclination. The angle of inclination is consequently an adjustable parameter. The inclination preferably takes place about an inclination axis which runs orthogonally to the transport direction of the tree trunk.

If the scoring saw includes a saw blade, the angle of inclination can be selected depending on the feed speed of the tree trunk and/or the adjustment speed of the scoring saw and the orientation of the saw blade relative to the transport direction of the tree trunk. In particular, the scoring saw is inclined by the angle of inclination in such a way that a saw blade with a saw blade plane is oriented parallel to the slot to be produced. As a result, the stress on the saw blade during the sawing process can be reduced, since only small lateral forces are exerted on the saw blade. Furthermore, a so-called re-cutting of the saw blade can be avoided by such an inclination of the scoring saw. This improves the processing quality.

The saw blade preferably has an axis of rotation which runs parallel to the adjustment axis and is directed orthogonally to a saw blade plane of the saw blade. If the adjustment speed of the saw blade is chosen depending on the length of the slot to be made and the feed speed of the tree trunk, the acute angle between the to be made Slot and the transport direction of the tree trunk correspond to the set angle of inclination.

In an advantageous development, the corner areas and the slots are attached in an oblique direction with an identical acute angle to the transport direction, in that the milling tools and the scoring saw are adjusted by an identical adjustment path along their respective adjustment axis during the feed movement of the tree trunk.

By means of the development described above, the corner areas and the slits are introduced into the tree trunk with a parallel course. As a result, sideboards with parallel side edges can be produced. The adjustment speed of the milling tools preferably corresponds to the adjustment speed of the scoring saw.

In another advantageous development, at least the two corner areas are each attached in a straight line in two oblique directions with different angles by the milling tools being adjusted independently of one another and by different adjustment paths during the feed movement of the tree trunk along their respective adjustment axis.

Overall, there is great flexibility for controlling the process, so that the milling tools and the scoring saw can be adjusted in relation to one another in such a way that a good wood yield can be achieved in the production of sideboards, regardless of fluctuating trunk geometries and dimensions. It is within the scope of the advantageous development that only one of the milling tools is adjusted and the respective other milling tool is not adjusted to produce the corner profile.

When the milling tools are adjusted with different adjustment paths, the sideboard profile is produced with side edges that do not run parallel. This can result in the advantage of a large yield of wood, since the sideboard can be optimally adapted to a trunk geometry, in particular when the cross-sectional dimensions of the tree trunk vary along its trunk axis.

In an advantageous development, the milling tools are adjusted along their respective adjustment axes in the same adjustment direction and with different adjustment paths. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the milling tools are adjusted along their respective adjustment axes in opposite adjustment directions and with different adjustment paths.

In a further development, in which the milling tools are adjusted along their respective adjustment axis in the same adjustment direction and with different adjustment paths, the corner profiles can be produced with a rectilinear course, with the oblique directions of the corner profiles enclosing two angles with the feed direction of the tree trunk, which are open to the same side in relation to the feed direction.

In a development in which the milling tools are adjusted along their respective adjustment axis in opposite adjustment directions and with different adjustment paths, the corner profiles can also be produced with a rectilinear course. The oblique directions of the corner profiles enclose two angles with the feed direction of the tree trunk, which are open on different sides with respect to the feed direction.

In an advantageous development, the slit is applied in a straight line in an oblique direction that differs from at least one, preferably both, oblique directions of the corner areas, in that the scoring saw is adjusted along its adjustment axis with an adjustment path that differs from one, preferably both, adjustment paths of the milling tools.

It is within the scope of the advantageous development that the slot is attached in an oblique direction that is oriented parallel to an oblique direction of one of the corner profiles. For this purpose, the scoring saw can preferably be adjusted along its adjustment axis with essentially the same adjustment path as one of the milling tools. However, it is also possible for the slot between the two corner profiles to be produced with a fundamentally arbitrary, in particular straight, course and to run at an angle, that is to say non-parallel, with respect to the two oblique directions of the corner profiles. It is also possible that the scoring saw is not adjusted to produce the slot, but only the two milling tools or only one of the milling tools.

In another advantageous development, the corner areas are attached in oblique directions with opposite angles, in that the milling tools are adjusted independently of one another in opposite directions during the feed movement of the tree trunk and the slot is attached along a straight line, in particular a central straight line, between the two oppositely inclined corner areas.

The development described above is particularly advantageous if the milling tools are moved toward or away from one another during a feed movement along the adjustment axis with the same adjustment paths, so that the side board is provided with non-parallel side edges. If the two milling tools are each shifted by the same distance and at the same adjustment speed, the side edges of the side board run symmetrically with respect to a central straight line of the side board. By separating the sideboard from the log, at least two sideboards are formed, which can be rotated through 180° and glued together to produce a board with side edges that run parallel. In principle, the straight line between the two side edges running at an angle can be attached at any angle, i.e. it would also be possible for the two boards created by the scoring to have unequal geometric dimensions. For example, a combination of a straight board and a trapezoidal board could be made.

The object is also achieved by a device for producing sawn timber from a tree trunk. The device according to the invention comprises a profiling device which is designed to produce at least one straight side on the tree trunk by chipping or sawing off a rind. Furthermore, the device comprises two or more milling tools which are arranged in order to mill out a remaining wane area on at least two corner areas adjoining the straight side. A sawing device is provided for separating a sideboard board by a saw cut along a cutting line defined by the corner areas. In addition, the device comprises a scoring saw which is designed and arranged to saw one or more slots orthogonally to the straight side, the depth of which corresponds at least to the thickness of the sideboard to be sawn off. Furthermore, a control device is provided, which controls the device such that the milling tools and / or the scoring saw during a feed movement of the tree trunk against the Milling tools or the scoring saw are adjusted. For this purpose, the milling tools and/or the scoring saw are each mounted adjustably along an adjustment axis, with the adjustment axis running orthogonally to the transport direction in the simplest case, but preferably including an acute angle of inclination with a plane that runs orthogonal to the transport direction of the tree trunk.

The device according to the invention is preferably designed to carry out the method according to the invention or an advantageous development thereof and vice versa. In particular, the control device is designed to control the device in such a way that the milling tools and the scoring saw can be adjusted independently of one another and in particular in accordance with one of the method variants described above.

The profiling device can include at least one profile tool with which the straight side can be produced on the tree trunk. The profile tool can preferably comprise a so-called profile chipper, i.e. a rotatably mounted chipper head with a plurality of cutting edges and be designed as a face milling cutter. The chipper head is preferably mounted so that it can be adjusted along its axis of rotation in order to be able to adjust its infeed relative to the tree trunk to be profiled. During a feed movement of the tree trunk, the chipper head penetrates with its cutting edges into an external cross-sectional area of the tree trunk in order to produce the straight side.

Additionally or alternatively, the profiling device can include a sawing means, in particular a saw band and/or a saw blade. The sawing means serves to separate the rind from the tree trunk in one continuous piece by means of a saw cut, leaving a flat cut surface on the tree trunk, which corresponds to the straight side.

The milling tools, which are each used to produce the corner regions, preferably include a rotatably mounted milling head with a plurality of milling cutters, which is designed as a profile milling cutter. Such a milling head has, at least in certain areas, an outer contour which corresponds to the desired contour of one of the corner areas to be produced.

Likewise, one of the milling tools can have a saw blade and a plurality of chopping knives, which are arranged next to one another and used to generate a Cutting movement are rotatable about a common axis of rotation. The axis of rotation preferably extends orthogonally to the feed movement of the tree trunk. During a cutting movement, the saw blade serves to create a vertical incision in the wane area, while the chopping knives serve to remove the amount of wood lying to the side of the incision.

The scribe saw preferably comprises at least one saw blade which is rotatably mounted to create at least one slot which is orthogonal to the straight side. By creating the slit, the sideboard produced by means of the profiling device, which is located on the tree trunk, is divided into several sideboard boards. The sawing device is used to separate the sideboards from the tree trunk.

It is within the scope of the invention that the milling tools and the scoring saw can each be adjusted alone or together along the adjustment axis. For this purpose, electric or hydraulic actuators can be provided, which are oriented according to the adjustment axis. The control device preferably serves to bring about an adjustment of the milling tools and/or the scoring saw depending on the geometry and the feed rate of the tree trunk to be processed.

A scribe saw suitable for carrying out the method has one or more rotating saw blades for making one or more slits orthogonal to a flattened side of a log. The scoring saw also includes a transverse adjustment device, by means of which the saw blades can be displaced along an adjustment axis during a feed movement of the tree trunk. The scoring saw can expediently be arranged in such a way that the adjustment axis encloses an acute angle of inclination with a plane which runs orthogonally to the transport direction of the tree trunk.

The scoring saw according to the invention is preferably designed to be used for the method according to the invention and in the device according to the invention or one of its advantageous developments, and vice versa.

The adjustment direction of the transverse adjustment device can be in a vertical direction when the sideboard is separated by a vertical saw cut, or in a horizontal plane when the sideboard is separated by a horizontal saw cut.

The saw blade is preferably mounted in such a way that it can be rotated about the adjustment axis in a saw blade plane. In this case, the scoring saw can have a drive unit which, for example, comprises an electric machine in order to set one saw blade in a rotating cutting movement about the adjustment axis. The transverse adjustment device can include an actuator with a linear guide in order to displace the saw blade along the adjustment axis. Such an actuator is preferably designed electrically or hydraulically and can be controlled in such a way that the saw blade can be displaced along the displacement axis at an adjustable displacement speed. Such an actuation of the transverse adjustment device can take place by means of the electrical control device described above. In particular, the control device can be designed to set the adjustment speed at which the saw blade is moved along the adjustment axis depending on a feed speed of the tree trunk and/or the orientation of the saw blade relative to the transport direction of the tree trunk. When the slot is produced on the flattened side, the feed movement of the tree trunk and the displacement of the saw blade are superimposed in such a way that the slot encloses an acute angle with the transport direction of the tree trunk.

In an advantageous development, the scoring saw includes a tilt adjustment device, by means of which the adjustment axis of the scoring saw can be tilted relative to the transport direction of the tree trunk in order to set the angle of inclination.

By tilting the adjustment axis relative to the direction of transport of the tree trunk, the at least one saw blade of the scoring saw can be inclined relative to the direction of transport of the tree trunk. In particular, the saw blade can be inclined in such a way that its saw blade plane extends parallel to the slot to be produced and encloses the acute angle with the transport direction of the tree trunk. With such an alignment of the saw blade with respect to the transport direction of the tree trunk, the quality of the slot to be produced can be improved, since re-cutting of the saw blade is prevented.

In a simple embodiment, the scoring saw has a two-part frame with a fixed part and a part that is movable relative to it. The fixed part of the frame (machine carrier) is used to position the scoring saw in a fixed position, while the movable part of the frame can be inclined relative to the fixed part of the frame by means of a tilting bearing.

An electric or hydraulic actuator is preferably arranged between the fixed and the movable part of the frame, which can be actuated by the control device in such a way that the movable part can be tilted by the angle of inclination relative to the fixed part of the frame. In this case, the transverse adjustment device can be arranged on the movable part in order to displace the at least one saw blade along the inclined adjustment axis. An electrical machine is preferably also arranged on the movable part, by means of which the saw blade can be set into its rotating cutting movement. In this case, the tilting bearing preferably defines an axis of inclination which runs orthogonally to the transport direction of the tree trunk.

In an advantageous development, the scoring saw includes a depth adjustment device, by means of which a sawing depth of the slots can be adjusted relative to the flattened side of the tree trunk.

According to the development described above, the infeed of the saw blade relative to the tree trunk to be sawn and thus also the depth of the slot that can be produced can be adjusted. If the scoring saw has a two-part frame, the depth adjustment device can be arranged between the fixed and the movable part of the frame and can be designed to bring about a relative displacement between the two parts mentioned. In particular, the depth adjustment device has a depth adjustment axis for this purpose, which extends essentially orthogonally to the translation direction of the tree trunk and preferably parallel to the axis of inclination. By means of the depth adjustment device, the at least one saw blade can penetrate the flattened side of the tree trunk in accordance with the desired infeed during its rotating cutting movement.

In an advantageous development, the scoring saw has more than one saw blade, in particular exactly two saw blades, and a distance adjustment device, via which the distance between the saw blades can be adjusted or separate transverse adjustment devices via which the saw blades can be individually adjusted orthogonally to the transport direction of the tree trunk during a feed movement of the tree trunk.

The above-mentioned distance adjustment device makes it possible to set a distance between the two saw blades and to keep it constant or to change it during the production of the slots on the sideboard. Setting a constant distance between the saw blades is advantageous if the sideboards to be produced are to have parallel side edges but different widths. If the distance between the saw blades is varied during the sawing process, slots can be produced which run at an angle to one another. Alternatively, two transverse adjustment devices can be provided, which allow individual adjustment of the saw blades along the adjustment axis.

Further advantages are explained using exemplary embodiments and the figures.

Figur 1

einen schematischen Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Erzeugung von Seitenwarebrettern an einem gekrümmten Baumstamm in den Ansichten a) bis e) gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 2

einen schematischen Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Erzeugung von Seitenwarebrettern an einem gekrümmten Baumstamm in den Ansichten a) bis e) gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 3

einen schematischen Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Erzeugung von Seitenwarebrettern an einem gekrümmten Baumstamm in den Ansichten a) bis e) gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 4

einen schematischen Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Erzeugung von Seitenwarebrettern an einem Baumstamm mit einem ungleichmäßigen Querschnittsverlauf in den Ansichten a) bis e) gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 5

einen schematischen Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Erzeugung von Seitenwarebrettern an einem Baumstamm mit einem ungleichmäßigen Querschnittsverlauf in den Ansichten a) bis e) gemäß einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 6

eine schematische Darstellung eines Baumstammes, mit nichtparallel zueinander verlaufenden Eckprofilen und einem Schlitz;

Figur 7

eine Ritzsäge mit zwei Sägeblättern zur Erzeugung von Schlitzen an dem Baumstamm, bei der die Sägeblätter gegenüber einer Transportrichtung des Baumstammes geneigt sind;

Figur 8

die Ritzsäge, bei der die Sägeblätter gegenüber der Transportrichtung des Baumstammes parallel ausgerichtet sind.

Show it

figure 1

a schematic sequence of the method according to the invention for producing sideboards on a curved tree trunk in views a) to e) according to a first embodiment;

figure 2

a schematic sequence of the method according to the invention for producing sideboards on a curved tree trunk in views a) to e) according to a second embodiment;

figure 3

a schematic sequence of the method according to the invention for producing sideboards on a curved tree trunk in views a) to e) according to a third embodiment;

figure 4

a schematic sequence of the method according to the invention for producing sideboards on a tree trunk with an uneven cross-section in views a) to e) according to a fourth embodiment;

figure 5

a schematic sequence of the method according to the invention for producing sideboards on a tree trunk with an uneven cross-section in views a) to e) according to a fifth embodiment;

figure 6

a schematic representation of a tree trunk, with non-parallel corner profiles and a slot;

figure 7

a scoring saw with two saw blades for producing slots in the tree trunk, in which the saw blades are inclined with respect to a transport direction of the tree trunk;

figure 8

the scoring saw, in which the saw blades are aligned parallel to the transport direction of the tree trunk.

figure 1 shows in views a) to e) and the corresponding sections AA how a curved tree trunk 1 can be processed in an external cross-sectional area 2 in order to obtain a plurality of straight side boards while at the same time maximizing the wood yield.

The log 1 is in the state in view a) of figure 1 is shown, conveyed with a transport direction 3 to a profiling device, not shown here. This serves to process the tree trunk 1 in such a way that a rind 4 of the tree trunk 1 is removed in the outer cross-sectional area 2 . This creates on the tree trunk 1 a straight page 5 (see FIG. B) of the figure 1 ).

The tree trunk 1 is then conveyed to a milling tool, not shown here, in accordance with the transport direction 3 . The milling tool penetrates during the transport movement of the tree trunk 1 with a rotating cutting movement into the tree trunk 1 in such a way that two wane areas, which extend laterally to the straight side 5, are milled off. This creates two corner areas 6 (see. View c) of figure 1 ), which extend on the tree trunk 1 at an acute angle relative to the direction of transport 3. In order to produce such a course of the corner regions 3, the milling tools are displaced during the milling process by an identical displacement path and essentially orthogonally to the direction of translation 3.

After the generation of the corner areas 6, the tree trunk 1 is conveyed to a scoring saw that is in the figures 2 and 3 is shown. The scoring saw serves to provide the straight side 5 with slots 7 and 8 running parallel to one another (cf. view d) of FIG figure 1 ). For this purpose, the scoring saw has two saw blades, which penetrate the straight side 5 as a result of a rotating cutting movement and the feed movement of the tree trunk 1 . So that the slots 7 and 8 can be made in the tree trunk 1 parallel to the corner regions 6 , the saw blades are displaced during the sawing process along an adjustment axis that is inclined relative to the transport direction 3 . In particular, the adjustment axis encloses an acute angle of inclination with a plane that is oriented orthogonally to the translation direction 3 . This is selected in such a way that the saw blades are essentially aligned parallel to the slots 7 and 8 to be produced.

After the production of the slots 7 and 8, the tree trunk 1 is conveyed to a further sawing device, not shown here. This additional sawing device includes a saw blade with which the tree trunk 1 is sawn along a cutting edge 9 defined by the corner area 6 . As a result, the sideboard falls off the tree trunk 1 in the form of three sideboards 10 (cf. view e) of FIG figure 1 ).

figure 2 shows the processing of a tree trunk 1 in views a) to e) and the corresponding sections AA figure 1 , first a straight page 5 generated (see. View b) of figure 2 ), whose outer edges differ from figure 1 not run parallel to each other. For a maximum wood yield, two corner areas 6 (see FIG. C) of the figure 2 ) milled along two oblique directions. The milling tools used during the feed movement of the Tree trunk 1 along their respective adjustment axes in the same adjustment direction, but adjusted by different adjustment paths. A slit 7 is made in a slanting direction different from the slanting directions of the corner portions along a central straight line on the straight side of the log 1 (see view d) of FIG figure 2 ). The sideboards 10 are then separated from the tree trunk 1 by means of a sawing device (cf. view e).

figure 3 shows in the views a) to e) and the corresponding sections AA, the processing steps, which are essentially those of figure 2 are equivalent to. In contrast to the in figure 2 In the processing steps shown, not only one slot 7 is produced on the straight side 5, but two essentially parallel slots 7, 8. For this purpose, two scoring saws are displaced during the feed movement of the tree trunk 1 in the same adjustment direction by the same adjustment path. In an alternative embodiment, the slots 7, 8 can also be arranged non-parallel to one another on the tree trunk, in that the scoring saws are adjusted by different adjustment paths.

figure 4 shows in views a) to e) and the corresponding sections AA the processing of a tree trunk 1, the cross-sectional dimensions of which vary greatly along its trunk axis. To produce side boards, the tree trunk is provided with a straight side 5 (cf. view b) of the figure 4 ), whose outer edges are not parallel to each other. Two corner areas 6 (see FIG. View c) of figure 3 ) are milled in different oblique directions. For this purpose, the milling tools used are adjusted during the feed movement of the tree trunk 1 along their respective adjustment axes independently of one another, in opposite adjustment directions and by different adjustment paths. A slit 7 is made in a slanting direction different from the slanting directions of the corner portions 6 along a central straight line on the straight side of the log 1 (see view d) of FIG figure 2 ). The sideboards 10 are then separated from the tree trunk 1 by means of a sawing device (cf. view e).

figure 5 shows in the views a) to e) and the corresponding sections AA, the processing steps, which are essentially those of figure 4 are equivalent to. In contrast to the figure 4 shown processing steps is not only a slot 7 generated on the straight side 5, but two substantially parallel slots 7, 8. In an alternative embodiment, the Slots 7.8 can also be attached to the tree trunk 1 non-parallel to one another.

figure 6 shows a tree trunk 1 in a view which leads to view d) of Figures 1 to 5 corresponds. According to figure 6 the slit 7 is made straight in a slanting direction different from both slanting directions of the corner portions. For this purpose, the scoring saw is adjusted along its adjustment axis with an adjustment path that differs from the two adjustment paths of the milling tools. How based on figure 6 is clearly recognizable, the oblique directions of the corner portions 6 and the oblique direction of the slot 7 are non-parallel to each other. In principle, it is possible to produce the slot 7 between the two corner profiles with any desired course. The corner profiles can also be attached to the tree trunk independently of one another and in different oblique directions.

figure 7 shows a scoring saw 11, by means of which the tree trunk 1, which figure 1 is shown is provided with the slots 7 and 8. For this purpose, the tree trunk 1 is moved in the manner already explained along the transport direction 3 and against a first saw blade 12 and a second saw blade 13 . The saw blades 11 and 12 are set in a rotating cutting motion and penetrate the straight side 5 into the tree trunk 1.

The scoring saw 11 comprises a two-part frame with a stationary frame part 14 and a frame part 15 that can be moved relative thereto. The stationary frame part 14 serves to arrange the scoring saw 11 in a stationary manner. The movable frame part 15 is used to store the saw blades 12 and 13 and to hold an electric machine 16. The saw blades 12 and 13 are arranged on a saw shaft 17 which is set in rotation by the electric machine 16.

The saw blade 12 is connected to the saw shaft 17 in such a way that a rotational movement of the saw shaft 17 can be transmitted to the saw blade 12 . The saw shaft 17 is mounted so that it can be adjusted along its axis of rotation, so that a displacement of the saw shaft 17 causes a corresponding displacement of the saw blade 12 . A servo cylinder 18 is provided to displace the saw shaft 17 and the saw blade 12 along an adjustment axis 19 .

The saw blade 13 is mounted on the saw shaft 17 in such a way that the rotational movement of the saw shaft 17 can be transmitted to the saw blade 13 . At the same time, the saw blade 13 can be displaced along the saw shaft 17 and thus also along the displacement axis 19. An adjusting sleeve 23 is provided for adjusting the saw blade 13 along the adjustment axis 19 . A servo cylinder 20 is used to exert an actuating force on the adjusting sleeve 23 in order to be able to displace the saw blade 13 independently of the saw blade 12 and along the adjustment axis 19 .

As soon as the saw blades 12 and 13 penetrate into the tree trunk 1, they are displaced by the servo cylinders 18 and 20 along the adjustment axis 20 by an identical adjustment path and at an identical adjustment speed. As a result, the slots 7 and 8 are produced, which are aligned parallel to a straight line 21 and are inclined by the acute angle 22 relative to the direction of translation 3 .

The movable frame part 15 is also mounted such that it can be tilted about an axis of inclination 24 in relation to the fixed frame part 14 . A servo cylinder 25 is arranged between the fixed frame part 14 and the movable frame part 15 and allows the movable frame part 15 to be tilted relative to the fixed frame part 14 . In this way, in particular, the adjustment axis 19 can be tilted by an angle of inclination 27 with respect to a plane 26 which is oriented orthogonally to the transport direction 3 . With such a tilting, the saw blades 12 and 13 are also tilted with respect to the transport direction 3 . As a result, the saw blades can be aligned parallel to the slots 7 and 8 to be produced and the straight line 21 . This prevents the saw blades 12 and 13 from being recut during their adjustment movement along the adjustment axis 19 . This increases the processing quality.

by means of the in figure 7 The scoring saw 11 shown can also be set to an angle of inclination 27 of 0°. This makes it possible to provide a log 1 on the straight side 5 with slits which extend parallel to the direction of translation 3 of the log 1 . Such a setting of the scoring saw 11 is in figure 8 shown. With regard to the technical characteristics of the scoring saw 11, which is figure 8 is shown, the same explanations apply as in relation to FIG figure 7 .

Claims (13)

Method of making lumber from a tree trunk (1), in which at least one straight side (5) is produced on the tree trunk (1) by chipping or sawing off a rind (4) and a remaining wane area is milled out using milling tools in at least two corner areas (6) adjoining the straight side, and at least one sideboard (10) is separated by a saw cut along a cutting line (9) defined by the corner areas (6), in which, before the sideboard (10) is sawn off, one or more slots (7, 8) are sawn in orthogonally to the straight side (5) using a scoring saw (11), the depth of which corresponds at least to the thickness of the sideboard (10) to be sawn off and in which the corner areas (6) and/or the slots (7, 8) are each attached along a straight line (21) which encloses an acute angle (22) with the transport direction (3) of the tree trunk (1), in that the milling tools and/or the scoring saw (11) are each displaced along an adjustment axis (19) during a feed movement of the tree trunk (1), the adjustment axis (19) being aligned with a plane (26) which is orthogonal to the transport direction (3) of the tree trunk (1), includes an acute angle of inclination (27) or is orthogonal to the transport direction of the tree trunk. Method according to Claim 1, in which the milling tools and/or the scoring saw (11) are inclined by the acute angle of inclination (27) with the respective adjustment axis (19) in the direction of the respective inclined straight line (21). Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the corner areas (6) and the slots (7, 8) are applied in an oblique direction with the same angle (22) by the milling tools and the scoring saw (11) being adjusted by the same adjustment path during the feed movement of the tree trunk (1) along their respective adjustment axis (19). Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which at least the two corner areas (6) are arranged in a straight line in two oblique directions with different angles by the milling tools being adjusted independently of one another and by different adjustment paths during the feed movement of the tree trunk (1) along their respective adjustment axis (19). The method of claim 4, wherein
the milling tools are adjusted along their respective adjustment axis (19) in the same adjustment direction and with different adjustment paths. A method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein
the milling tools are adjusted along their respective adjustment axis (19) in opposite adjustment directions and with different adjustment paths. A method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein
the slit (7, 8) is applied in a straight line in an oblique direction that differs from at least one, preferably both, oblique directions of the corner areas, in that the scoring saw is adjusted along its adjustment axis (19) with an adjustment path that differs from one, preferably both, adjustment paths of the milling tools. Method at least according to one of Claims 1 or 2, in which the two corner areas (6) are attached in oblique directions with opposite angles, in that the milling tools are adjusted independently of one another in opposite directions during the feed movement of the tree trunk (1) and the slot (7, 8) is attached along a straight line between the two oppositely inclined corner areas (6), preferably along a central straight line. Device for producing sawn timber from a tree trunk (1), with - a profiling device which is designed to produce at least one straight side (5) on the tree trunk (1) by chipping or sawing off a rind (4), - two or more milling tools which are arranged to mill out a remaining wane area on at least two corner areas (6) adjoining the straight side (5), - a sawing device for separating a sideboard (10) by a saw cut along a cutting line (9) defined by the corner areas, - a scoring saw (11) which is designed and arranged to saw one or more slots (7, 8) orthogonally to the straight side (5), the depth of which corresponds at least to the thickness of the sideboard (10) to be sawn off, and - a control device which is intended to control the device in such a way that the milling tools and/or the scoring saw (11) are adjusted during a feed movement of the tree trunk (1) against the milling tools or the scoring saw (11) along an adjustment axis (19), the milling tools and/or the scoring saw (11) each being adjustably mounted along the adjustment axis (19) and the adjustment axis (19) with a plane (26) orthogonal to the transport direction (3) of the tree trunk (1), includes an acute angle of inclination (27) or runs orthogonally to the transport direction of the tree trunk. Scoring saw (11) for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 8 with one or more rotating saw blades (12, 13) for making one or more slots (7, 8) orthogonally to a flattened side (5) of a tree trunk (1), and with a transverse adjustment device (18, 20) by means of which the saw blades (12, 13) can be displaced during a feed movement of the tree trunk (1) along an adjustment axis (19) which encloses an acute angle of inclination (27) with a plane (26) which runs orthogonally to the transport direction (3) of the tree trunk (1). Scratching saw (11) according to Claim 10 with a tilt adjustment device (25) by means of which the adjustment axis (19) can be tilted relative to the transport direction (3) of the tree trunk (1) in order to set the angle of inclination (27). Scratching saw (11) according to claim 10 or 11 with a depth adjustment device by means of which a sawing depth of the slots (7, 9) can be adjusted relative to the flattened side (5) of the tree trunk (1). Scratching saw (11) according to one of Claims 10 to 12, which has more than one saw blade, in particular exactly two saw blades (12, 13), and a distance adjustment device, via which the distance between the saw blades (12, 13) can be adjusted, or separate transverse adjustment devices (18, 20), via which the saw blades can be moved individually during a feed movement (3) of the tree trunk (1) at the acute angle of inclination or orthogonally to the transport direction (3) of the tree trunk (1) are adjustable.

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