EP4214580A1 - Micromechanical component, in particular a timepiece wheel, in particular an escapement wheel, the surface of which is optimised - Google Patents

Micromechanical component, in particular a timepiece wheel, in particular an escapement wheel, the surface of which is optimised

Info

Publication number
EP4214580A1
EP4214580A1 EP21769740.8A EP21769740A EP4214580A1 EP 4214580 A1 EP4214580 A1 EP 4214580A1 EP 21769740 A EP21769740 A EP 21769740A EP 4214580 A1 EP4214580 A1 EP 4214580A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mobile
phosphorus
substrate
nickel
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21769740.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Serge Nicoud
Samuel VIGNIER
Sébastien RODER
Jean-Luc Helfer
Christian Charbon
Frédéric Kohler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Original Assignee
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse filed Critical ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Publication of EP4214580A1 publication Critical patent/EP4214580A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
    • G04B31/08—Lubrication

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a micromechanical component, in particular a horological mobile whose surface is optimized, in particular an escapement mobile.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece escapement mechanism comprising at least one non-magnetic mobile constituting an escape wheel or an anchor.
  • the invention relates to the field of horological mechanisms, and more particularly to escapement mechanisms comprising at least one escape wheel and at least one anchor, at least one of which is non-magnetic in nature.
  • the Swiss lever escapement wheels are historically made of nickel-plated steel, and are sensitive to magnetic fields.
  • the invention proposes to solve the technical problem of the behavior of the usual watchmaking lubricant, and more particularly to guarantee an epilame effect, under the usual climatic conditions, on components made of LIGA NiF'12, or similar, non-ferromagnetic, in particular on Swiss lever escapement wheels.
  • the invention relates to a micromechanical component whose surface is optimized, in particular a horological mobile, in particular an escapement mobile, according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece escapement mechanism comprising at least one such mobile constituting an escape wheel or an anchor.
  • the invention relates to the field of micromechanical components, and more particularly to horological mobiles.
  • the invention proposes to solve in particular the technical problem of the behavior of the usual watchmaking lubricant, in the usual climatic conditions, on components made of LIGA NiP12, or similar, non-ferromagnetic, in particular on wheels of an escapement mechanism. Swiss anchor.
  • the contact between the ruby lever of the anchor and the tooth of the escapement wheel is particularly sensitive, as is the contact between the fork and the plate peg. or between the fork and the anchor stops.
  • this involves ensuring the presence of lubricant on the contact surfaces between the escape wheel and the pallet, and reducing the aging of the escape wheel and the pallet.
  • the main problem is the loss of epilame effect on the escape wheel plate, which causes oil spreading and loss of lubrication at the contact between the wheel tooth and the ruby lift.
  • the stability of the lubrication in contact between the lifts of the anchor and the escapement wheel must make it possible to guarantee the constancy of the amplitude.
  • a coating in the form of a layer of galvanic nickel (Ni) preferentially, or of chemical nickel (for example NiP6-9), or else of nickel-boron deposited by chemical means, on a LIGA NiP12 escape wheel greatly improves movement performance.
  • the galvanic nickel coating may be an alloy, for example Ni-Fe, or Ni-W, or other.
  • the invention relates to a micromechanical component, in particular a horological mobile.
  • This component can advantageously be produced by a process for manufacturing a watch mobile, according to which a substrate is produced with a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus, this substrate is shaped to the geometry of the mobile, and a coating of the substrate, by galvanic and/or chemical means, at the level of at least one surface of the substrate of the mobile, with at least one second material of low thickness, in particular less than 10 micrometers, which constitutes a peripheral layer of the mobile at level of this at least one surface of the mobile substrate, and which comprises at least nickel and which is poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or which comprises nickel and is devoid of phosphorus.
  • this first material is non-magnetic.
  • this second material is non-magnetic. More precisely, it has an amagnetic character. We note that nickel is not non-magnetic, and that NiP6-9% is not necessarily so, it is the low thickness of the deposit which gives the part its non-magnetic character.
  • the substrate is a nickel-phosphorus of NiPx formulation, with x between 1% and 15% by mass, or more particularly with x between 10% and 15% by mass, this latter range making it possible to guarantee the non-magnetic nature of the coating.
  • the coating covering the substrate is low in phosphorus and its thickness is not limited to between 0.2 micrometers and 10.0 micrometers, and more particularly still between 0.2 micrometers and 2.0 micrometers.
  • the coating has a thickness of 0.5 micrometer.
  • the coating treatment with a coating low in phosphorus, according to the invention, can be done by galvanic means.
  • the coating treatment with a low or zero phosphorus coating can be done chemically, according to a method of applying chemical nickel, which can be pure nickel, or a nickel-phosphorus low in phosphorus, for example NiP6-9, with 6% to 9% by mass of phosphorus, or even a nickel-boron NiB.
  • chemical nickel which can be pure nickel, or a nickel-phosphorus low in phosphorus, for example NiP6-9, with 6% to 9% by mass of phosphorus, or even a nickel-boron NiB.
  • the epilame used is a fluorine-based formulation.
  • the lubricant can also be deposited on an escapement wheel set with a supplement in the form of a paste based on molybdenum disulphide MoS2, which acts as a lubricant and a lubricant sponge.
  • the escapement wheel concerned has a geometry making it possible to reduce the contact surfaces to a minimum, for example the use of a cradled anchor is preferred, which is an anchor whose active faces of the fork, intended to come into contact with the chainring pin and the stops, are rounded, which makes it possible to have a point of contact instead of a line of contact.
  • a cradled anchor is preferred, which is an anchor whose active faces of the fork, intended to come into contact with the chainring pin and the stops, are rounded, which makes it possible to have a point of contact instead of a line of contact.
  • An innovative embodiment of the escapement mechanism includes an anchor in LIGA, or an anchor whose pallets at least are in LIGA.
  • the LIGA parts of the anchor are subject to the same problem, and the same solution is applicable.
  • the invention makes it possible to guarantee normal aging conditions, a constant amplitude, and the absence of shutdown, in particular in the presence of cradled LIGA nickel-phosphorus anchors, which provide better shock resistance than anchors silicon, for example.
  • a method for manufacturing such a micromechanical component, in particular a watch mobile is implemented, according to which:
  • a substrate is manufactured with a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus
  • This substrate is coated, at at least one surface of the mobile substrate, with at least one second material which constitutes a peripheral layer of the mobile at this at least one surface of the substrate;
  • This at least one second material comprises at least nickel, and is poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or else this at least one second material comprises nickel and is devoid of phosphorus.
  • this coating of the substrate is carried out, at the level of at least one surface adjoining a friction surface of the mobile, with this at least one second material, which constitutes a peripheral layer of the mobile at the level of this at least one surface adjoining a rubbing surface.
  • “adjoining” we mean that the two surfaces are contiguous, or at least tangent, their intersection is not empty, even if it is limited to an isthmus of very small section.
  • Such a micromechanical component in particular a watch mobile, thus comprises an optimized surface.
  • This micromechanical component and more particularly this clockwork mobile, comprises a substrate in a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus. According to the invention, this substrate is covered, at at least one surface of the mobile substrate, by a coating of a second material comprising at least nickel and poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or devoid of phosphorus , and the second material constitutes the peripheral layer of the mobile at the level of the at least one surface of the substrate.
  • the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at surfaces of the mobile other than the guide surfaces of the mobile for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom. More particularly still, the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at the level of all the surfaces of the mobile other than the guide surfaces.
  • the substrate is covered, at at least one surface adjoining a friction surface of the mobile, by a coating of a second material comprising at least nickel and poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or devoid of phosphorus , and the second material constitutes the peripheral layer of the mobile at the level of the at least one surface adjoining a friction surface.
  • the coating covers the substrate at the level of at least one surface adjoining rubbing surfaces of the mobile other than the guide surfaces of the mobile for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom.
  • the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at the level of all the surfaces adjoining the friction surfaces of the mobile other than the guide surfaces of the mobile for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom.
  • the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at all the surfaces adjoining the rubbing surfaces of the mobile including the mobile guide surfaces for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom.
  • the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at the level of all the surfaces of the mobile including the guide surfaces of the mobile for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom.
  • the first material comprises only nickel and phosphorus.
  • the first material comprises phosphorus with a mass proportion of between 1% and 15%. More particularly still, the first material is non-magnetic and comprises phosphorus with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 10% and 15%.
  • the second material is chosen with a phosphorus mass proportion of less than or equal to 15%. More particularly, the second non-magnetic material is chosen with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 10% and 15%.
  • the second material is chosen with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 6% and 12%. In another alternative, the second material is chosen with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 1% and 6%. In yet another alternative, the second material is chosen with a phosphorus mass proportion of less than or equal to 1%.
  • the second material comprises only nickel and phosphorus.
  • the second material comprises boron. More particularly still, the second material comprises only nickel and boron.
  • the second material consists of pure nickel.
  • the coating has a thickness of less than 10 micrometers. More particularly still, the coating has a thickness of less than 5 micrometers. Even more particularly, the coating has a thickness comprised between 0.2 micrometer and 2.0 micrometer.
  • the thickness of the coating is 0.5 micrometer.
  • the coating is applied with a thickness of less than 0.2 micrometer, in particular in the vicinity of 0.1 micrometer.
  • the invention also relates to a clockwork mechanism, in particular but not limited to an escapement mechanism.
  • the timepiece escapement mechanism comprises at least one such wheel set, for example, formed by an escape wheel or an anchor.
  • This mobile comprises a substrate made of a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus, the substrate being covered, at all the surfaces adjoining the rubbing surfaces of the mobile, by a coating made of a second material comprising at least nickel and being poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or being devoid of phosphorus.
  • the second material constitutes the peripheral layer of the mobile at the level of the surfaces adjoining the rubbing surfaces that the mobile has to cooperate with an anchor or an escape wheel or a balance wheel.
  • the mobile can advantageously receive, on its friction surfaces, a lubricating substance, for example a synthetic oil or grease suitable for precision microtechnology applications, known to those skilled in the watchmaking profession.
  • a lubricating substance for example a synthetic oil or grease suitable for precision microtechnology applications, known to those skilled in the watchmaking profession.
  • Such a lubricating substance can be combined with a paste based on molybdenum disulphide MoS2.
  • the mobile can advantageously also receive a layer of epilame on at least one surface of the coating other than its friction surfaces in order to allow a better hold of the lubricating substance.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a micromechanical component, in particular a timepiece wheel, in particular an escapement wheel, comprising a substrate with a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus, which substrate is covered, on at least one surface of the wheel substrate, by a coating of a second material comprising at least nickel and poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or devoid of phosphorus, and the second material constitutes the peripheral layer of the wheel at this at least one surface of the substrate.

Description

COMPOSANT DE MICROMECANIQUE, NOTAMMENT UN MOBILE D’HORLOGERIE, NOTAMMENT UN MOBILE D’ECHAPPEMENT, DONT LA SURFACE EST OPTIMISEE MICROMECHANICAL COMPONENT, IN PARTICULAR A WATCH MOBILE, IN PARTICULAR AN EXHAUST MOBILE, WHOSE SURFACE IS OPTIMIZED
Domaine de l’invention Field of invention
L’invention concerne un composant de micromécanique, notamment un mobile d’horlogerie dont la surface est optimisée, notamment un mobile d’échappement. The invention relates to a micromechanical component, in particular a horological mobile whose surface is optimized, in particular an escapement mobile.
L’invention concerne encore un mécanisme d’échappement d’horlogerie comportant au moins un mobile à caractère amagnétique constituant une roue d’échappement ou une ancre. The invention also relates to a timepiece escapement mechanism comprising at least one non-magnetic mobile constituting an escape wheel or an anchor.
L’invention concerne le domaine des mécanismes d’horlogerie, et plus particulièrement des mécanismes d’échappement comportant au moins une roue d’échappement et au moins une ancre, dont au moins l’un d’eux est à caractère amagnétique. The invention relates to the field of horological mechanisms, and more particularly to escapement mechanisms comprising at least one escape wheel and at least one anchor, at least one of which is non-magnetic in nature.
Arrière-plan de l’invention Background of the invention
Dans les mécanismes d’échappement d’horlogerie à ancre suisse, les roues d’échappement à ancre suisse sont historiquement en acier nickelé, et sont sensibles aux champs magnétiques. In Swiss lever timepiece escapement mechanisms, the Swiss lever escapement wheels are historically made of nickel-plated steel, and are sensitive to magnetic fields.
On connaît des alternatives avec des matériaux comme le nickel-phosphore NiP12 mis en œuvre par procédé « LIGA » (Lithographie und Galvano-Abformung », qui ont un comportement amagnétique. Alternatives are known with materials such as nickel-phosphorus NiP12 implemented by the "LIGA" process (Lithographie und Galvano-Abformung), which have a non-magnetic behavior.
Toutefois l’emploi de tels matériaux, nickel-phosphore, ou analogues, peut se révéler sensible dans certaines conditions climatiques, qui sont susceptibles d’entraîner une dégradation des performances, notamment en termes de régularité d’amplitude, d’arrêts, ou encore de vieillissement, surtout quand les deux composants antagonistes du couple de frottement sont réalisés dans des matériaux LIGA similaires. Résumé de l’invention However, the use of such materials, nickel-phosphorus, or the like, may prove to be sensitive under certain climatic conditions, which are likely to lead to a deterioration in performance, in particular in terms of amplitude regularity, stops, or even aging, especially when the two opposing components of the friction torque are made of similar LIGA materials. Summary of the invention
L’invention se propose de résoudre le problème technique de la tenue du lubrifiant horloger habituel, et plus particulièrement de garantir un effet épilame, dans les conditions climatiques usuelles, sur des composants en LIGA NiF’12, ou similaire, non ferromagnétique, en particulier sur des roues d’échappement à ancre suisse. The invention proposes to solve the technical problem of the behavior of the usual watchmaking lubricant, and more particularly to guarantee an epilame effect, under the usual climatic conditions, on components made of LIGA NiF'12, or similar, non-ferromagnetic, in particular on Swiss lever escapement wheels.
A cet effet, l’invention concerne un composant micromécanique dont la surface est optimisée, notamment un mobile d’horlogerie, notamment un mobile d’échappement, selon la revendication 1 . To this end, the invention relates to a micromechanical component whose surface is optimized, in particular a horological mobile, in particular an escapement mobile, according to claim 1.
L’invention concerne encore un mécanisme d’échappement d’horlogerie comportant au moins un tel mobile constituant une roue d’échappement ou une ancre. The invention also relates to a timepiece escapement mechanism comprising at least one such mobile constituting an escape wheel or an anchor.
Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférés Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
L’invention concerne le domaine des composants de micromécanique, et plus particulièrement des mobiles d’horlogerie. The invention relates to the field of micromechanical components, and more particularly to horological mobiles.
L’invention se propose de résoudre notamment le problème technique de la tenue du lubrifiant horloger habituel, dans les conditions climatiques usuelles, sur des composants en LIGA NiP12, ou similaire, non ferromagnétique, en particulier sur des roues d’un mécanisme d’échappement à ancre suisse. The invention proposes to solve in particular the technical problem of the behavior of the usual watchmaking lubricant, in the usual climatic conditions, on components made of LIGA NiP12, or similar, non-ferromagnetic, in particular on wheels of an escapement mechanism. Swiss anchor.
Dans les mécanismes d’échappement d’horlogerie à ancre suisse, le contact entre la levée en rubis de l’ancre et la dent de la roue d’échappement est particulièrement sensible, de même que le contact entre la fourchette et la cheville de plateau ou entre la fourchette et les butées d’ancre. In Swiss lever watchmaking escapement mechanisms, the contact between the ruby lever of the anchor and the tooth of the escapement wheel is particularly sensitive, as is the contact between the fork and the plate peg. or between the fork and the anchor stops.
Il s’agit en particulier d’assurer la présence de lubrifiant sur les surfaces de contact entre la roue d’échappement et l’ancre, et de réduire le vieillissement de la roue d’échappement et de l’ancre. In particular, this involves ensuring the presence of lubricant on the contact surfaces between the escape wheel and the pallet, and reducing the aging of the escape wheel and the pallet.
Le problème principal est la perte d’effet épilame sur la planche de la roue d’échappement, qui provoque un étalement de l’huile et une perte de lubrification au contact entre la dent de la roue et la levée en rubis. La stabilité de la lubrification au contact entre les levées de l’ancre et la roue d’échappement doit permettre de garantir la constance de l’amplitude. The main problem is the loss of epilame effect on the escape wheel plate, which causes oil spreading and loss of lubrication at the contact between the wheel tooth and the ruby lift. The stability of the lubrication in contact between the lifts of the anchor and the escapement wheel must make it possible to guarantee the constancy of the amplitude.
A cet effet, l’ajout d’un revêtement sous la forme d’une couche de nickel galvanique (Ni) préférentiellement, ou de nickel chimique (par exemple NiP6-9), ou encore de nickel-bore déposé par voie chimique, sur une roue d’échappement en LIGA NiP12 permet d’améliorer grandement les performances des mouvements. For this purpose, the addition of a coating in the form of a layer of galvanic nickel (Ni) preferentially, or of chemical nickel (for example NiP6-9), or else of nickel-boron deposited by chemical means, on a LIGA NiP12 escape wheel greatly improves movement performance.
En effet, il a été démontré par différents tests que cette amélioration notable est liée à une meilleure tenue de l’épilame en conditions climatiques prédéterminées, par exemple à 50° Celsius et à un taux d’hygrométrie de 90%. Un meilleur accrochage de l’épilame sur la matière a été constaté par les inventeurs quand la quantité de phosphore en surface est réduite, et par conséquent, la tenue du lubrifiant est d’autant meilleure que la quantité de phosphore est faible. Indeed, it has been demonstrated by various tests that this significant improvement is linked to a better hold of the epilame in predetermined climatic conditions, for example at 50° Celsius and a humidity level of 90%. Better attachment of the epilame to the material has been observed by the inventors when the quantity of phosphorus on the surface is reduced, and consequently, the behavior of the lubricant is all the better as the quantity of phosphorus is low.
Dans une variante, le revêtement de nickel galvanique peut être un alliage, par exemple Ni-Fe, ou Ni-W, ou autre. Alternatively, the galvanic nickel coating may be an alloy, for example Ni-Fe, or Ni-W, or other.
Ainsi l’invention concerne un composant de micromécanique, notamment un mobile d’horlogerie. Thus the invention relates to a micromechanical component, in particular a horological mobile.
Ce composant est avantageusement réalisable par un procédé de fabrication de mobile d’horlogerie, selon lequel on réalise un substrat avec un premier matériau comportant au moins du nickel et du phosphore, on met en forme ce substrat à la géométrie du mobile, et on effectue un revêtement du substrat, par voie galvanique et/ou chimique, au niveau d’au moins une surface du substrat du mobile, avec au moins un deuxième matériau de faible épaisseur, notamment inférieure à 10 micromètres, qui constitue une couche périphérique du mobile au niveau de cette au moins une surface du substrat du mobile, et qui comporte au moins du nickel et qui est plus pauvre en phosphore que le premier matériau, ou qui comporte du nickel et est dépourvu de phosphore. This component can advantageously be produced by a process for manufacturing a watch mobile, according to which a substrate is produced with a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus, this substrate is shaped to the geometry of the mobile, and a coating of the substrate, by galvanic and/or chemical means, at the level of at least one surface of the substrate of the mobile, with at least one second material of low thickness, in particular less than 10 micrometers, which constitutes a peripheral layer of the mobile at level of this at least one surface of the mobile substrate, and which comprises at least nickel and which is poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or which comprises nickel and is devoid of phosphorus.
Plus particulièrement, ce premier matériau est amagnétique. More particularly, this first material is non-magnetic.
Plus particulièrement, ce deuxième matériau est amagnétique. Plus précisément, il présente un caractère amagnétique. On remarque que le nickel n’est pas amagnétique, et que le NiP6-9% ne l’est pas forcément, c’est la faible épaisseur du dépôt qui confère à la pièce son caractère amagnétique More particularly, this second material is non-magnetic. More precisely, it has an amagnetic character. We note that nickel is not non-magnetic, and that NiP6-9% is not necessarily so, it is the low thickness of the deposit which gives the part its non-magnetic character.
Dans une réalisation particulière, le substrat est un nickel-phosphore de formulation NiPx, avec x compris entre 1% et 15% en masse, ou plus particulièrement avec x compris entre 10% et 15% en masse, cette dernière plage permettant de garantir le caractère amagnétique du revêtement. In a particular embodiment, the substrate is a nickel-phosphorus of NiPx formulation, with x between 1% and 15% by mass, or more particularly with x between 10% and 15% by mass, this latter range making it possible to guarantee the non-magnetic nature of the coating.
Le revêtement recouvrant le substrat est pauvre en phosphore et son épaisseur est non limitativement comprise entre 0.2 micromètre et 10.0 micromètres, et, plus particulièrement encore comprise entre 0.2 micromètre et 2.0 micromètres. The coating covering the substrate is low in phosphorus and its thickness is not limited to between 0.2 micrometers and 10.0 micrometers, and more particularly still between 0.2 micrometers and 2.0 micrometers.
Préférentiellement, le revêtement présente une épaisseur de 0,5 micromètre.Preferably, the coating has a thickness of 0.5 micrometer.
Le traitement de recouvrement avec un revêtement pauvre en phosphore, selon l’invention, peut se faire par voie galvanique. The coating treatment with a coating low in phosphorus, according to the invention, can be done by galvanic means.
Il est possible d’appliquer un traitement thermique au substrat avant l’opération de dépôt, notamment galvanique, ou bien, encore, d’appliquer un traitement thermique à l’ensemble formé par le substrat et son revêtement après l’opération de dépôt, notamment galvanique. It is possible to apply a heat treatment to the substrate before the deposition operation, in particular galvanic, or even to apply a heat treatment to the assembly formed by the substrate and its coating after the deposition operation, particularly galvanic.
Il est aussi possible d’appliquer un traitement chimique au substrat pour modifier ses caractéristiques superficielles de façon à faciliter l’accroche du revêtement, notamment par voie galvanique. It is also possible to apply a chemical treatment to the substrate to modify its surface characteristics so as to facilitate the adhesion of the coating, in particular by galvanic means.
En alternative, le traitement de recouvrement avec un revêtement pauvre ou nul en phosphore, selon l’invention peut se faire par voie chimique, selon un procédé d’application de nickel chimique, qui peut être du nickel pur, ou bien un nickel- phosphore pauvre en phosphore, par exemple de NiP6-9, avec de 6% à 9% en masse de phosphore, ou bien encore un nickel-bore NiB. Alternatively, the coating treatment with a low or zero phosphorus coating, according to the invention can be done chemically, according to a method of applying chemical nickel, which can be pure nickel, or a nickel-phosphorus low in phosphorus, for example NiP6-9, with 6% to 9% by mass of phosphorus, or even a nickel-boron NiB.
L’ajout d’une couche de nickel, ou de NiP6-9, ou de NiB, permet d’augmenter la stabilité de l’épilame en toutes conditions climatiques, l’accroche de l’épilame et donc la tenue de n’importe quel lubrifiant horloger usuel. The addition of a layer of nickel, or of NiP6-9, or of NiB, makes it possible to increase the stability of the epilame in all climatic conditions, the grip of the epilame and therefore the holding of any what usual watch lubricant.
Plus particulièrement, l’épilame utilisé est une formulation à base de fluor. Le lubrifiant peut, encore, être déposé sur un mobile d’échappement avec un complément sous forme d’une pâte à base de bisulfure de molybdène MoS2, qui joue le rôle de lubrifiant et d’éponge à lubrifiant. More particularly, the epilame used is a fluorine-based formulation. The lubricant can also be deposited on an escapement wheel set with a supplement in the form of a paste based on molybdenum disulphide MoS2, which acts as a lubricant and a lubricant sponge.
De façon avantageuse, le mobile d’échappement concerné a une géométrie permettant de réduire au minimum les surfaces de contact, par exemple on privilégie l’emploi d’une ancre bercée, qui est une ancre dont les faces actives de la fourchette, destinées à venir en contact avec la cheville de plateau et les butées, sont arrondies, ce qui permet d’avoir un point de contact à la place d’une ligne de contact. Advantageously, the escapement wheel concerned has a geometry making it possible to reduce the contact surfaces to a minimum, for example the use of a cradled anchor is preferred, which is an anchor whose active faces of the fork, intended to come into contact with the chainring pin and the stops, are rounded, which makes it possible to have a point of contact instead of a line of contact.
Une réalisation innovante de mécanisme d’échappement comporte une ancre en LIGA, ou une ancre dont au moins les palettes sont en LIGA. Dans un tel cas, les parties en LIGA de l’ancre sont soumises au même problème, et la même solution est applicable. An innovative embodiment of the escapement mechanism includes an anchor in LIGA, or an anchor whose pallets at least are in LIGA. In such a case, the LIGA parts of the anchor are subject to the same problem, and the same solution is applicable.
L’invention permet de garantir des conditions de vieillissement normal, une constance de l’amplitude, et l’absence d’arrêt, notamment en présence d’ancres en nickel-phosphore LIGA bercées, lesquelles assurent une meilleure tenue au choc que des ancres en silicium, par exemple. The invention makes it possible to guarantee normal aging conditions, a constant amplitude, and the absence of shutdown, in particular in the presence of cradled LIGA nickel-phosphorus anchors, which provide better shock resistance than anchors silicon, for example.
Ainsi, de façon préférée, on met en œuvre un procédé de fabrication d’un tel composant de micromécanique, notamment un mobile d’horlogerie, selon lequel : Thus, preferably, a method for manufacturing such a micromechanical component, in particular a watch mobile, is implemented, according to which:
- on fabrique un substrat avec un premier matériau comportant au moins du nickel et du phosphore, et - a substrate is manufactured with a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus, and
- on effectue un revêtement de ce substrat, au niveau d’au moins une surface du substrat du mobile, avec au moins un deuxième matériau qui constitue une couche périphérique du mobile au niveau de cette au moins une surface du substrat ; - This substrate is coated, at at least one surface of the mobile substrate, with at least one second material which constitutes a peripheral layer of the mobile at this at least one surface of the substrate;
- cet au moins un deuxième matériau comporte au moins du nickel, et est plus pauvre en phosphore que le premier matériau, ou bien cet au moins un deuxième matériau comporte du nickel et est dépourvu de phosphore. - This at least one second material comprises at least nickel, and is poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or else this at least one second material comprises nickel and is devoid of phosphorus.
Plus particulièrement, on effectue ce revêtement du substrat, au niveau d’au moins une surface jouxtant une surface frottante du mobile, avec cet au moins un deuxième matériau, qui constitue une couche périphérique du mobile au niveau de cette au moins une surface jouxtant une surface frottante. Par « jouxtant » on entend que les deux surfaces sont contiguës, ou au moins tangentes, leur intersection n’est pas vide, même si elle est limitée à un isthme de très petite section. More particularly, this coating of the substrate is carried out, at the level of at least one surface adjoining a friction surface of the mobile, with this at least one second material, which constitutes a peripheral layer of the mobile at the level of this at least one surface adjoining a rubbing surface. By "adjoining" we mean that the two surfaces are contiguous, or at least tangent, their intersection is not empty, even if it is limited to an isthmus of very small section.
Un tel composant micromécanique, notamment un mobile d’horlogerie, comporte ainsi une surface optimisée. Such a micromechanical component, in particular a watch mobile, thus comprises an optimized surface.
Ce composant de micromécanique, et plus particulièrement ce mobile d’horlogerie, comporte un substrat dans un premier matériau comportant au moins du nickel et du phosphore. Selon l’invention, ce substrat est recouvert, au niveau d’au moins une surface du substrat du mobile, par un revêtement d’un deuxième matériau comportant au moins du nickel et plus pauvre en phosphore que le premier matériau, ou dépourvu de phosphore, et le deuxième matériau constitue la couche périphérique du mobile au niveau de la au moins une surface du substrat. This micromechanical component, and more particularly this clockwork mobile, comprises a substrate in a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus. According to the invention, this substrate is covered, at at least one surface of the mobile substrate, by a coating of a second material comprising at least nickel and poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or devoid of phosphorus , and the second material constitutes the peripheral layer of the mobile at the level of the at least one surface of the substrate.
Plus particulièrement, le revêtement du substrat recouvre le substrat au niveau de surfaces du mobile autres que les surfaces de guidage du mobile pour son pivotement ou pour son guidage selon un degré de liberté unique. Plus particulièrement encore, le revêtement du substrat recouvre le substrat au niveau de toutes les surfaces du mobile autres que les surfaces de guidage. More particularly, the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at surfaces of the mobile other than the guide surfaces of the mobile for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom. More particularly still, the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at the level of all the surfaces of the mobile other than the guide surfaces.
Plus particulièrement, le substrat est recouvert, au niveau d’au moins une surface jouxtant une surface frottante du mobile, par un revêtement d’un deuxième matériau comportant au moins du nickel et plus pauvre en phosphore que le premier matériau, ou dépourvu de phosphore, et le deuxième matériau constitue la couche périphérique du mobile au niveau de la au moins une surface jouxtant une surface frottante. More particularly, the substrate is covered, at at least one surface adjoining a friction surface of the mobile, by a coating of a second material comprising at least nickel and poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or devoid of phosphorus , and the second material constitutes the peripheral layer of the mobile at the level of the at least one surface adjoining a friction surface.
Plus particulièrement, le revêtement recouvre le substrat au niveau d’au moins une surface jouxtant des surfaces frottantes du mobile autres que les surfaces de guidage du mobile pour son pivotement ou pour son guidage selon un degré de liberté unique. More particularly, the coating covers the substrate at the level of at least one surface adjoining rubbing surfaces of the mobile other than the guide surfaces of the mobile for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom.
Plus particulièrement encore, le revêtement du substrat recouvre le substrat au niveau de toutes les surfaces jouxtant des surfaces frottantes du mobile autres que les surfaces de guidage du mobile pour son pivotement ou pour son guidage selon un degré de liberté unique. More particularly still, the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at the level of all the surfaces adjoining the friction surfaces of the mobile other than the guide surfaces of the mobile for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom.
Encore plus particulièrement, le revêtement du substrat recouvre le substrat au niveau de toutes les surfaces jouxtant des surfaces frottantes du mobile y compris les surfaces de guidage du mobile pour son pivotement ou pour son guidage selon un degré de liberté unique. Even more particularly, the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at all the surfaces adjoining the rubbing surfaces of the mobile including the mobile guide surfaces for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom.
Plus particulièrement, le revêtement du substrat recouvre le substrat au niveau de toutes les surfaces du mobile y compris les surfaces de guidage du mobile pour son pivotement ou pour son guidage selon un degré de liberté unique. More particularly, the coating of the substrate covers the substrate at the level of all the surfaces of the mobile including the guide surfaces of the mobile for its pivoting or for its guidance according to a single degree of freedom.
Plus particulièrement, le premier matériau comporte uniquement du nickel et du phosphore. More particularly, the first material comprises only nickel and phosphorus.
Plus particulièrement, le premier matériau comporte du phosphore avec une proportion en masse comprise entre 1 % et 15%. Plus particulièrement encore, le premier matériau est amagnétique et comporte du phosphore avec une proportion en masse de phosphore comprise entre 10% et 15%. More particularly, the first material comprises phosphorus with a mass proportion of between 1% and 15%. More particularly still, the first material is non-magnetic and comprises phosphorus with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 10% and 15%.
Plus particulièrement, on choisit le deuxième matériau avec une proportion en masse de phosphore inférieure ou égale à 15%. Plus particulièrement, on choisit le deuxième matériau amagnétique avec une proportion en masse de phosphore comprise entre 10% et 15%. More particularly, the second material is chosen with a phosphorus mass proportion of less than or equal to 15%. More particularly, the second non-magnetic material is chosen with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 10% and 15%.
Dans une alternative, on choisit le deuxième matériau avec une proportion en masse de phosphore comprise entre 6% et 12%. Dans une autre alternative, on choisit le deuxième matériau avec une proportion en masse de phosphore comprise entre 1 % et 6%. Dans une autre alternative encore, on choisit le deuxième matériau avec une proportion en masse de phosphore inférieure ou égale à 1 %. Alternatively, the second material is chosen with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 6% and 12%. In another alternative, the second material is chosen with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 1% and 6%. In yet another alternative, the second material is chosen with a phosphorus mass proportion of less than or equal to 1%.
Plus particulièrement, le deuxième matériau comporte uniquement du nickel et du phosphore. More particularly, the second material comprises only nickel and phosphorus.
Plus particulièrement, le deuxième matériau comporte du bore. Plus particulièrement encore, le deuxième matériau comporte uniquement du nickel et du bore. More particularly, the second material comprises boron. More particularly still, the second material comprises only nickel and boron.
Plus particulièrement, le deuxième matériau est constitué de nickel pur.More particularly, the second material consists of pure nickel.
Le revêtement présente une épaisseur inférieure à 10 micromètres. Plus particulièrement encore, le revêtement présente une épaisseur inférieure à 5 micromètres. Encore plus particulièrement, le revêtement présente une épaisseur comprise entre 0.2 micromètre et 2.0 micromètres. The coating has a thickness of less than 10 micrometers. More particularly still, the coating has a thickness of less than 5 micrometers. Even more particularly, the coating has a thickness comprised between 0.2 micrometer and 2.0 micrometer.
Préférentiellement, l’épaisseur du revêtement est de 0.5 micromètre. Dans une autre variante encore, on applique le revêtement avec une épaisseur inférieure à 0.2 micromètre, notamment au voisinage de 0.1 micromètre. Preferably, the thickness of the coating is 0.5 micrometer. In yet another variant, the coating is applied with a thickness of less than 0.2 micrometer, in particular in the vicinity of 0.1 micrometer.
L’invention concerne encore un mécanisme d’horlogerie, notamment mais non limitativement un mécanisme d’échappement. Dans cette application avantageuse, le mécanisme d’échappement d’horlogerie comporte au moins un tel mobile, par exemple, formé par une roue d’échappement ou une ancre. The invention also relates to a clockwork mechanism, in particular but not limited to an escapement mechanism. In this advantageous application, the timepiece escapement mechanism comprises at least one such wheel set, for example, formed by an escape wheel or an anchor.
Ce mobile comporte un substrat réalisé dans un premier matériau comportant au moins du nickel et du phosphore, le substrat étant recouvert, au niveau de toutes les surfaces jouxtant les surfaces frottantes du mobile, par un revêtement réalisé dans un deuxième matériau comportant au moins du nickel et étant plus pauvre en phosphore que le premier matériau, ou étant dépourvu de phosphore. This mobile comprises a substrate made of a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus, the substrate being covered, at all the surfaces adjoining the rubbing surfaces of the mobile, by a coating made of a second material comprising at least nickel and being poorer in phosphorus than the first material, or being devoid of phosphorus.
Le deuxième matériau constitue la couche périphérique du mobile au niveau des surfaces jouxtant les surfaces frottantes que comporte le mobile pour coopérer avec une ancre ou une roue d’échappement ou un balancier. The second material constitutes the peripheral layer of the mobile at the level of the surfaces adjoining the rubbing surfaces that the mobile has to cooperate with an anchor or an escape wheel or a balance wheel.
Le mobile peut avantageusement recevoir, sur ses surfaces frottantes, une substance lubrifiante, par exemple une huile ou une graisse de synthèse adaptée aux applications microtechniques de précision, connue de l’homme du métier de l’horlogerie. Une telle substance lubrifiante peut être combinée à une pâte à base de bisulfure de molybdène MoS2. The mobile can advantageously receive, on its friction surfaces, a lubricating substance, for example a synthetic oil or grease suitable for precision microtechnology applications, known to those skilled in the watchmaking profession. Such a lubricating substance can be combined with a paste based on molybdenum disulphide MoS2.
Le mobile peut avantageusement également recevoir une couche d’épilame sur au moins une surface du revêtement autre que ses surfaces frottantes afin de permettre une meilleure tenue de la substance lubrifiante. The mobile can advantageously also receive a layer of epilame on at least one surface of the coating other than its friction surfaces in order to allow a better hold of the lubricating substance.

Claims

- 9 - REVENDICATIONS - 9 - CLAIMS
1. Mobile d’horlogerie comportant un substrat dans un premier matériau comportant au moins du nickel et du phosphore, caractérisé en ce que ledit substrat est recouvert, au niveau d’au moins une surface du substrat dudit mobile, par un revêtement d’un deuxième matériau comportant au moins du nickel et plus pauvre en phosphore que ledit premier matériau, ou dépourvu de phosphore, et en ce que ledit deuxième matériau constitue une couche périphérique dudit mobile au niveau de ladite au moins une surface du substrat dudit mobile. 1. Watch mobile comprising a substrate in a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus, characterized in that said substrate is covered, at at least one surface of the substrate of said mobile, by a coating of a second material comprising at least nickel and poorer in phosphorus than said first material, or devoid of phosphorus, and in that said second material constitutes a peripheral layer of said mobile at the level of said at least one surface of the substrate of said mobile.
2. Mobile selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit substrat est recouvert, au niveau d’au moins une surface jouxtant une surface frottante dudit mobile, par un revêtement dudit deuxième matériau, qui constitue la couche périphérique dudit mobile au niveau de ladite au moins une surface jouxtant une surface frottante dudit mobile. 2. Mobile according to claim 1, characterized in that said substrate is covered, at at least one surface adjoining a friction surface of said mobile, by a coating of said second material, which constitutes the peripheral layer of said mobile at said at least one surface adjoining a friction surface of said mobile.
3. Mobile selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier matériau comporte du phosphore avec une proportion en masse comprise entre 1 % et 15%. 3. Mobile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said first material comprises phosphorus with a mass proportion of between 1% and 15%.
4. Mobile selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier matériau est amagnétique et comporte du phosphore avec une proportion en masse de phosphore comprise entre 10% et 15%. 4. Mobile according to claim 3, characterized in that said first material is non-magnetic and comprises phosphorus with a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 10% and 15%.
5. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier matériau comporte uniquement du nickel et du phosphore. 5. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said first material comprises only nickel and phosphorus.
6. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau est amagnétique et comporte une proportion en masse de phosphore comprise entre 10% et 15%. 6. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said second material is non-magnetic and comprises a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 10% and 15%.
7. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau comporte une proportion en masse de phosphore comprise entre 6% et 12%. 7. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said second material comprises a mass proportion of phosphorus of between 6% and 12%.
8. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau comporte une proportion en masse de phosphore comprise entre 1 % et 6%. 8. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said second material comprises a proportion by mass of phosphorus of between 1% and 6%.
9. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau comporte une proportion en masse de phosphore inférieure ou égale à 1%. 9. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said second material comprises a mass proportion of phosphorus less than or equal to 1%.
10. Mobile selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau est dépourvu de phosphore. 10. Mobile according to claim 9, characterized in that said second material is devoid of phosphorus.
11. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau comporte uniquement du nickel et du phosphore. 11. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said second material comprises only nickel and phosphorus.
12. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau comporte du bore. 12. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said second material comprises boron.
13. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau comporte uniquement du nickel et du bore. 13. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said second material comprises only nickel and boron.
14. Mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau est constitué de nickel pur. 14. Mobile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said second material consists of pure nickel.
15. Mobile selon la revendication 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau a une épaisseur inférieure à 10 micromètres. 15. Mobile according to claim 1 to 14, characterized in that said second material has a thickness of less than 10 micrometers.
16. Mobile selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième matériau a une épaisseur comprise entre 0.2 micromètre et 2.0 micromètres. 16. Mobile according to claim 15, characterized in that said second material has a thickness of between 0.2 micrometer and 2.0 micrometer.
17. Mécanisme d’échappement d’horlogerie comportant au moins un mobile selon l’une des revendications 1 à 16, constituant une roue d’échappement ou une ancre, caractérisé en ce que ledit mobile comporte un substrat avec un premier matériau comportant au moins du nickel et du phosphore, et dont ledit substrat est recouvert, au niveau de toutes les surfaces jouxtant des surfaces frottantes dudit mobile, par un revêtement d’un deuxième matériau comportant au moins du nickel et plus pauvre en phosphore que ledit premier matériau, ou dépourvu de phosphore, et en ce que ledit deuxième matériau constitue la couche périphérique dudit mobile au niveau desdites surfaces jouxtant des surfaces frottantes que comporte ledit mobile pour coopérer avec une ancre ou une roue d’échappement ou un balancier. 17. Timepiece escapement mechanism comprising at least one mobile according to one of claims 1 to 16, constituting an escape wheel or an anchor, characterized in that said mobile comprises a substrate with a first material comprising at least nickel and phosphorus, and of which said substrate is covered, at all the surfaces adjoining the rubbing surfaces of said mobile, by a coating of a second material comprising at least nickel and lower in phosphorus than said first material, or devoid of phosphorus, and in that said second material constitutes the peripheral layer of said mobile at the level of said surfaces adjoining rubbing surfaces that said mobile comprises in order to cooperate with an anchor or an escape wheel or a balance wheel.
18. Mécanisme selon la revendication 17, comprenant une substance lubrifiante sur les surfaces frottantes du mobile. 18. Mechanism according to claim 17, comprising a lubricating substance on the rubbing surfaces of the mobile.
19. Mécanisme selon la revendication 18, comprenant une couche d’épilame sur au moins une surface du revêtement autre que ses surfaces frottantes. 19. Mechanism according to claim 18, comprising a layer of epilame on at least one surface of the coating other than its friction surfaces.
EP21769740.8A 2020-09-15 2021-08-31 Micromechanical component, in particular a timepiece wheel, in particular an escapement wheel, the surface of which is optimised Pending EP4214580A1 (en)

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EP20196229.7A EP3968096A1 (en) 2020-09-15 2020-09-15 Micromechanical component, in particular a timepiece mobile, in particular an escapement mobile, with optimised contact surface
PCT/EP2021/074026 WO2022058159A1 (en) 2020-09-15 2021-08-31 Micromechanical component, in particular a timepiece wheel, in particular an escapement wheel, the surface of which is optimised

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EP20196229.7A Pending EP3968096A1 (en) 2020-09-15 2020-09-15 Micromechanical component, in particular a timepiece mobile, in particular an escapement mobile, with optimised contact surface
EP21769740.8A Pending EP4214580A1 (en) 2020-09-15 2021-08-31 Micromechanical component, in particular a timepiece wheel, in particular an escapement wheel, the surface of which is optimised

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EP2586879A1 (en) * 2011-10-27 2013-05-01 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Method for thermal treatment of micromechanical clock parts
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KR20230047479A (en) 2023-04-07
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US20230305492A1 (en) 2023-09-28
CN116018564A (en) 2023-04-25

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