EP3273307A1 - Part for clock movement - Google Patents
Part for clock movement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3273307A1 EP3273307A1 EP17157065.8A EP17157065A EP3273307A1 EP 3273307 A1 EP3273307 A1 EP 3273307A1 EP 17157065 A EP17157065 A EP 17157065A EP 3273307 A1 EP3273307 A1 EP 3273307A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- copper
- nip
- pivot
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VRUVRQYVUDCDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[Ni].[Cu] Chemical compound [Sn].[Ni].[Cu] VRUVRQYVUDCDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JUWOETZNAMLKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Ni].[Cu] Chemical compound [P].[Ni].[Cu] JUWOETZNAMLKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZUPBPXNOBDEWQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ni].[Cu] Chemical compound [Si].[Ni].[Cu] ZUPBPXNOBDEWQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IUYOGGFTLHZHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Cu] IUYOGGFTLHZHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 73
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001275902 Parabramis pekinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005292 diamagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000915 Free machining steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018648 Mn—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018605 Ni—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002885 antiferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002889 diamagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Mn+2] VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021484 silicon-nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B13/00—Gearwork
- G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
- G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
- G04B13/022—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft with parts made of hard material, e.g. silicon, diamond, sapphire, quartz and the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
- G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
- G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B13/00—Gearwork
- G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
-
- G04B13/026—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B29/00—Frameworks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
- G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement and more particularly to a balance shaft, an anchor rod and a nonmagnetic escape pinion.
- the manufacture of a clock pivot axis consists, from a bar of hardened steel, to perform machining operations to define different active surfaces (scope, shoulder, pivots etc.) and then to subject the axis Vietnameselleté to heat treatment operations comprising at least one quench to improve the hardness of the axis and one or more income to improve toughness.
- the heat treatment operations are followed by a rolling operation of the pivots of the axes, an operation consisting in polishing the pivots to bring them to the required dimensions. During the rolling operation the hardness as well as the roughness of the pivots are further improved.
- the pivot axes for example the balance shafts, conventionally used in mechanical watch movements are made in grades of free cutting steels which are generally carbon martensitic steels including lead and manganese sulphides to improve their performance. machinability.
- a steel of this type designated 20AP is typically used for these applications.
- This type of material has the advantage of being easily machinable, in particular to be able to bar-turning and has, after treatments of quenching and tempering, high mechanical properties very interesting for the realization of horological pivot axes.
- These steels have in particular after heat treatment a high hardness, to obtain a very good resistance to shocks.
- the hardness of the pivots of an axis made of steel AP may reach a hardness exceeding 700 HV after heat treatment and rolling.
- this type of material has the disadvantage of being magnetic and of being able to disrupt the running of a watch after being subjected to a magnetic field, and in particular when this material is used for producing a balance shaft cooperating with a balance spring of ferromagnetic material. This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art. It should also be noted that these martensitic steels are also susceptible to corrosion.
- austenitic stainless steels which have the particularity of being non-magnetic, that is to say of the paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic type.
- these austenitic steels have a crystallographic structure that does not allow them to be hardened and to reach hardnesses and therefore impact strengths that are compatible with the requirements required for the realization of clockwise pivot axes.
- the axes obtained then have marks or severe damage in case of shocks which will then have a negative influence on the chronometry of the movement.
- One way to increase the hardness of these steels is work hardening, however this hardening operation does not allow to obtain hardnesses greater than 500 HV. Therefore, in the context of parts having pivots having a high impact resistance, the use of this type of steel remains limited.
- the pivot axes are made of cobalt or nickel alloy of the austenitic type and have an outer surface hardened to a certain depth.
- such alloys can be difficult to machine for the manufacture of pivot axes.
- they are relatively expensive because of the high price of nickel and cobalt.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing a pivot axis that makes it possible at the same time to limit the sensitivity to magnetic fields and to obtain mechanical properties that make it possible to meet the impact resistance requirements in the watchmaking field. .
- the invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic pivot axis that can be manufactured simply and economically.
- the invention relates to a pivot axis for a watch movement comprising at least one pivot made of a first non-magnetic metal material at at least one of its ends in order to limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields, at least the external surface of said pivot being covered with a first layer of a second material selected from the group consisting of Ni, NiB, and NiP.
- At least said first layer of the second material is at least partially covered with a second layer of a third material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, palladium and their alloys.
- the pivot axis according to the invention can combine the advantages of low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and at least in the main stress zones, excellent resistance to shocks. As a result, the pivot axis according to the invention does not have, in case of shock, no mark or any severe damage likely to affect the chronometry of the movement.
- the axes according to the invention have better mechanical strength, improved tribological properties, but also better chemical resistance vis-à-vis the lubricants traditionally used for the lubrication of the axes.
- the invention relates to a clockwork comprising a pivot axis as defined above, and in particular a balance shaft, an anchor rod and / or an exhaust pinion comprising an axis. as defined above.
- non-magnetic material means a paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic material whose magnetic permeability is less than or equal to 1.01.
- An alloy of an element is an alloy containing at least 50% by weight of said element.
- the invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement.
- non-magnetic balance shaft 1 a non-magnetic balance shaft 1.
- other types of clockwise pivot axes can be envisaged, such as, for example, axes of watch mobiles, typically pinions. exhaust, or anchor rods.
- the parts of this type have at the body diameters preferably less than 2 mm, and pivots of smaller diameter preferably 0.2 mm, with an accuracy of a few microns.
- a balance shaft 1 which comprises a plurality of sections 2 of different diameters, preferably formed by machining or any other machining by chip removal technique, and classically defining bearing surfaces 2a and shoulders 2b arranged between two end portions defining two pivots 3. These pivots are intended to each rotate in a bearing, typically in a hole of a stone or ruby.
- the pivot 3 is made of a first nonmagnetic metallic material 4 in order to advantageously limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields.
- the first non-magnetic metal material 4 is chosen from the group comprising a steel of the austenitic, preferably stainless, type, a cobalt alloy of the austenitic type, an alloy of nickel of the austenitic type, a non-magnetic titanium alloy, an alloy of non-magnetic aluminum, brass (Cu-Zn) or special brass (Cu-Zn with Al and / or Si and / or Mn), copper-beryllium, bronze (Cu-Sn), aluminum bronze , a copper-aluminum (optionally comprising Ni and / or Fe), a copper-nickel, a nickel silver (Cu-Ni-Zn), a copper-nickel-tin, a copper-nickel-silicon, a copper-nickel-phosphorus , a copper-titanium, the proportions of the various elements of the alloys being chosen to give them non-magnetic properties and good machinability.
- a steel of the austenitic preferably stainless, type, a co
- the austenitic steel is high grade stainless steel austenitic steel (HIS), such as Cr-Mn-N P2000 steel from Energytechnik Essen GmbH.
- HIS high grade stainless steel austenitic steel
- the cobalt alloy of the austenitic type may comprise at least 39% cobalt, typically an alloy known as "Phynox” or the DIN designation K13C20N16Fe15D7 typically having 39% Co, 19% Cr, 15% Ni and 6%. % Mo, 1.5% Mn, 18% Fe and additive balances.
- the austenitic nickel alloy may comprise at least 33% nickel typically an alloy known as MP35N® typically having 35% Ni 20% Cr, 10% Mo, 33% Co and the balance of additives.
- the titanium alloy preferably comprises at least 85% titanium.
- the brasses may include CuZn39Pb3, CuZn37Pb2, or CuZn37 alloys.
- Special brasses may include CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi, CuZn23Al3Co or CuZn23Al6Mn4Fe3Pb alloys.
- Nickel silver can include CuNi25Zn11 Pb1 Mn, CuNi7Zn39Pb3Mn2 or CuNi18Zn19Pb1 alloys.
- Bronzes may include CuSn9 or CuSn6 alloys.
- Aluminum bronzes may include CuAl9 or CuAl9Fe5Ni5 alloys.
- Copper-nickel alloys can include the CuNi30 alloy.
- the copper-nickel-tin alloys can comprise the alloys CuNi15Sn8, CuNi9Sn6 or CuNi7.5Sn5 (sold for example under the name Declafor).
- Copper-titanium alloys can include the CuTi3Fe alloy.
- Copper-nickel-silicon alloys may comprise the CuNi3Si alloy.
- Copper-nickel-phosphorus alloys may comprise the CuNi1P alloy.
- Copper-Beryllium alloys can include CuBe2Pb or CuBe2 alloys.
- composition values are given as a percentage by mass.
- the elements without indication of composition value are either the remainder (majority) or elements for which the percentage in the composition is less than 1% by weight.
- the nonmagnetic copper alloy may also be an alloy having a mass composition of between 14.5% and 15.5% of Ni, between 7.5% and 8.5% of Sn, at most 0.02% of Pb and the remainder of Cu.
- Such an alloy is marketed under the trademark Toughmet® by the company Materion.
- the first non-magnetic metallic material generally has a hardness of less than 600 HV.
- At least the outer surface of said pivot 3 is covered with a first layer 5 of a second material selected from the group comprising Ni, NiB and NiP, in order to advantageously provide, in particular, mechanical properties at said external surface; to obtain the required shock resistance.
- the phosphorus content may be preferably between 0% (then pure Ni) and 15%.
- the level of phosphorus in the second NiP material may be an average level of between 6% and 9%, or a high level of between 9% and 12%. It is obvious, however, that the second NiP material may comprise a low level of phosphorus.
- the boron content may be preferably between 0% (then pure Ni) and 8%.
- the level of boron in the second NiB material may be an average level of between 4% and 5%.
- a heat treatment can be carried out between steps b) and c) and / or after step c).
- the second material is NiB, or NiP at medium or high phosphorus level
- the first layer of the second NiB or NiP material can be advantageously cured by heat treatment.
- the first layer of the second material has a hardness of preferably greater than 400 HV, more preferably greater than 500 HV.
- the first layer of the second uncured Ni or NiP material has a hardness of preferably greater than 500 HV, but less than 600 HV, that is to say preferably between 500 HV and 550 H V.
- the pivot axis according to the invention has excellent impact resistance although the layer of the second material may have a hardness (HV) lower than that of the first material.
- the first layer of the second NiP material When cured by heat treatment, the first layer of the second NiP material may have a hardness of between 900 HV and 1000 HV.
- the first layer of the uncured second NiB material has a hardness of preferably greater than 500 HV, and may have a hardness greater than 1000 HV when cured by heat treatment.
- the first layer of the second material may have a thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m.
- the first layer of the second material is a NiP layer, and more particularly a chemical NiP layer, that is to say deposited chemically.
- the first layer of the second material is a NiB layer, and more particularly a chemical NiB layer, that is to say deposited chemically.
- the first layer 5 of the second material is at least partially covered with a second layer 6 of a third material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, palladium, used in pure form or as an alloy.
- Said second layer 6 is of a thickness less than that of the first layer 5.
- the second layer 6 of the third material may have a thickness of between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m. .
- the third material is 24 carat gold, with some possible traces of other elements.
- gold is used at 99.7-99.8% and 0.02-0.03% Ni or Co.
- the outer surface of the pivot is hardened that is to say that the rest of the axis can remain little or no change without significant change in the mechanical properties of the balance shaft 1.
- This selective hardening pivots 3 of the balance shaft 1 allows to cumulate the advantages as the low sensitivity to magnetic fields and mechanical properties to obtain a very good resistance to shocks in the main stress zones.
- the second layer of the third material constitutes the outer layer of the pivot of the invention, and forms a protective layer. More particularly, the second layer of the third material makes it possible to render the surface of the pivot of the invention chemically inert and to limit the degradation of the first layer of the second material by the action of friction with the stones and / or by chemical reaction with the lubricant used.
- the pivot axis may comprise at least one adhesion sub-layer deposited between the first material and the first layer of the second material.
- a gold underlayer and / or a galvanic nickel underlayer may be provided under the first layer of the second material.
- the first layer 5 of the second material is deposited according to step b) to have a thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m. .mu.m.
- the step b) of depositing the first layer 5 of the second material may be carried out according to a process chosen from the group comprising PVD, CVD, ALD, galvanic and chemical, and preferably chemical, deposits.
- the second material is NiP and the deposition step of the NiP layer 5 is carried out according to a chemical nickel deposition process from hypophosphite.
- the various chemical nickel deposition parameters from hypophosphite to be taken into account such as the phosphorus content in the deposition, the pH, the temperature, or the composition of the nickel plating bath are known to those skilled in the art.
- commercial baths are used at average rates (6-9%) and at high rates (9-12%) of phosphorus. It is obvious, however, that low-phosphorus or pure nickel baths can also be used.
- the second material is NiB and the deposition step of the NiB layer 5 is carried out according to a chemical nickel deposition process from boron compounds.
- the second layer 6 of the third material is deposited on the first layer 5 to have a thickness of between 0.1 .mu.m and 1 .mu.m, preferably between 0.1 .mu.m and 0.5 .mu.m.
- step c) of depositing the second layer 6 of the third material is carried out according to a process chosen from the group comprising PVD (sputtering, evaporation or other), CVD, and galvanic deposits.
- the third material is gold and the deposition step of the gold layer 6 is carried out galvanically.
- the process according to the invention may further comprise, between steps b) and c) and / or after the deposition step c ), a step d) of heat treatment.
- a heat treatment makes it possible to obtain a first layer 5 of the second material having a hardness of preferably between 900 HV and 1000 HV.
- step d) of heat treatment is performed after step c).
- a heat treatment step of the first material may also be provided before step a) or step b).
- the chemical nickel deposition process is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to obtain a compliant deposit that has no peak effect. It is thus possible to provide the dimension of the pivot axis of the neck to obtain the desired geometry after recovery by the layer of the second material.
- the chemical nickel deposition process also has the advantage of being applied in bulk.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise, before the deposition step b), a step e) of applying at least one sub-layer of adhesion on the first material.
- a step e) of applying at least one sub-layer of adhesion on the first material for example, in the case in particular of a pivot axis of HIS stainless steel type material, it is possible to apply a gold underlayer and / or a galvanic nickel underlayer before nickel deposition by chemical way.
- the pivot axis according to the invention may comprise pivots treated according to the invention by applying steps b) and c) only to the pivots, the second layer 6 of the third material partially or completely coating the pivot by applying step c ) on part or all of the surface of the pivot.
- the pivot axis according to the invention can also be made entirely of a first non-magnetic metallic material, its surface outer member fully coverable with a first layer of the second material by applying step b) on all of the surfaces of the pivot axis, then said first layer of the second material being then partially or completely covered with a second layer a third material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, palladium and their alloys, by applying step c) on some or all of the surfaces of the pivot axis.
- the pivots 3 can be rolled or polished before or after the deposition step b), in order to reach the final dimensions and final surface state desired for the pivots 3.
- the pivot axis according to the invention combines the advantages of a low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and at least in the main stress zones, excellent resistance to shocks. Therefore, the pivot axis according to the invention does not present, in case of impact, no mark or severe damage likely to affect the chronometry of the movement.
- the axes according to the invention have a better mechanical strength, better tribological properties, but also better chemical resistance vis-à-vis the lubricants traditionally used for the lubrication of the axes.
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Abstract
L'invention se rapporte à un axe de pivotement pour mouvement horloger comportant au moins un pivot (3) en un premier matériau (4) métallique amagnétique à au moins une de ses extrémités afin de limiter sa sensibilité aux champs magnétiques, au moins la surface externe dudit pivot (3) étant recouverte d'une première couche (5) d'un second matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant Ni, NiB et NiP, et de préférence NiP chimique. Au moins la première couche (5) du second matériau est recouverte au moins partiellement d'une deuxième couche (6) d'un troisième matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant l'or, l'argent, le cuivre, le platine, le rhodium, le palladium et leurs alliages. L'invention concerne le domaine des mouvements d'horlogerie.The invention relates to a pivot axis for a watch movement comprising at least one pivot (3) made of a first non-magnetic metal material (4) at at least one of its ends in order to limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields, at least the surface external of said pivot (3) being covered with a first layer (5) of a second material selected from the group comprising Ni, NiB and NiP, and preferably NiP chemical. At least the first layer (5) of the second material is at least partially covered with a second layer (6) of a third material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium , palladium and their alloys. The invention relates to the field of watch movements.
Description
L'invention se rapporte à une pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie et notamment à un axe de pivotement amagnétique pour un mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique et plus particulièrement à un axe de balancier, une tige d'ancre et un pignon d'échappement amagnétiques.The invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement and more particularly to a balance shaft, an anchor rod and a nonmagnetic escape pinion.
La fabrication d'un axe de pivotement horloger consiste, à partir d'une barre en acier trempable, à réaliser des opérations de décolletage pour définir différentes surfaces actives (portée, épaulement, pivots etc.) puis à soumettre l'axe décolleté à des opérations de traitement thermique comprenant au moins une trempe pour améliorer la dureté de l'axe et un ou plusieurs revenus pour en améliorer la ténacité. Les opérations de traitements thermiques sont suivies d'une opération de roulage des pivots des axes, opération consistant à polir les pivots pour les amener aux dimensions requises. Au cours de l'opération de roulage la dureté ainsi que la rugosité des pivots sont encore améliorées.The manufacture of a clock pivot axis consists, from a bar of hardened steel, to perform machining operations to define different active surfaces (scope, shoulder, pivots etc.) and then to subject the axis décolleté to heat treatment operations comprising at least one quench to improve the hardness of the axis and one or more income to improve toughness. The heat treatment operations are followed by a rolling operation of the pivots of the axes, an operation consisting in polishing the pivots to bring them to the required dimensions. During the rolling operation the hardness as well as the roughness of the pivots are further improved.
Les axes de pivotement, par exemple les axes de balancier, utilisés classiquement dans les mouvements d'horlogerie mécaniques sont réalisés dans des nuances d'aciers de décolletage qui sont généralement des aciers martensitiques au carbone incluant du plomb et des sulfures de manganèse pour améliorer leur usinabilité. Un acier de ce type désigné 20AP est typiquement utilisé pour ces applications.The pivot axes, for example the balance shafts, conventionally used in mechanical watch movements are made in grades of free cutting steels which are generally carbon martensitic steels including lead and manganese sulphides to improve their performance. machinability. A steel of this type designated 20AP is typically used for these applications.
Ce type de matériau a l'avantage d'être facilement usinable, en particulier d'être apte au décolletage et présente, après des traitements de trempe et de revenu, des propriétés mécaniques élevées très intéressantes pour la réalisation d'axes de pivotement horlogers. Ces aciers présentent en particulier après traitement thermique une dureté élevée, permettant d'obtenir une très bonne tenue aux chocs. Typiquement la dureté des pivots d'un axe réalisé en acier 20 AP peut atteindre une dureté dépassant les 700 HV après traitement thermique et roulage.This type of material has the advantage of being easily machinable, in particular to be able to bar-turning and has, after treatments of quenching and tempering, high mechanical properties very interesting for the realization of horological pivot axes. These steels have in particular after heat treatment a high hardness, to obtain a very good resistance to shocks. Typically the hardness of the pivots of an axis made of steel AP may reach a hardness exceeding 700 HV after heat treatment and rolling.
Bien que fournissant des propriétés mécaniques satisfaisantes pour les applications horlogères décrites ci-dessus, ce type de matériau présente l'inconvénient d'être magnétique et de pouvoir perturber la marche d'une montre après avoir été soumis à un champ magnétique, et ce notamment lorsque ce matériau est utilisé pour la réalisation d'un axe de balancier coopérant avec un balancier spiral en matériau ferromagnétique. Ce phénomène est bien connu de l'homme du métier. On notera également que ces aciers martensitiques sont également sensibles à la corrosion.Although providing satisfactory mechanical properties for the horological applications described above, this type of material has the disadvantage of being magnetic and of being able to disrupt the running of a watch after being subjected to a magnetic field, and in particular when this material is used for producing a balance shaft cooperating with a balance spring of ferromagnetic material. This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art. It should also be noted that these martensitic steels are also susceptible to corrosion.
Des essais pour tenter de remédier à ces inconvénients ont été menés avec des aciers inoxydables austénitiques qui présentent la particularité d'être amagnétiques c'est-à-dire du type paramagnétique ou diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique. Toutefois, ces aciers austénitiques présentent une structure cristallographique ne permettant pas de les tremper et d'atteindre des duretés et donc des résistances aux chocs compatibles avec les exigences requises pour la réalisation d'axes de pivotement horlogers. Les axes obtenus présentent alors des marques ou des endommagements sévères en cas de chocs qui vont avoir ensuite une influence négative sur la chronométrie du mouvement. Un moyen d'augmenter la dureté de ces aciers est l'écrouissage, toutefois cette opération de durcissement ne permet pas d'obtenir des duretés supérieures à 500 HV. Par conséquent, dans le cadre de pièces devant avoir des pivots présentant une grande résistance aux chocs, l'utilisation de ce type d'aciers reste limitée.Attempts to overcome these disadvantages have been carried out with austenitic stainless steels which have the particularity of being non-magnetic, that is to say of the paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic type. However, these austenitic steels have a crystallographic structure that does not allow them to be hardened and to reach hardnesses and therefore impact strengths that are compatible with the requirements required for the realization of clockwise pivot axes. The axes obtained then have marks or severe damage in case of shocks which will then have a negative influence on the chronometry of the movement. One way to increase the hardness of these steels is work hardening, however this hardening operation does not allow to obtain hardnesses greater than 500 HV. Therefore, in the context of parts having pivots having a high impact resistance, the use of this type of steel remains limited.
Une autre approche pour tenter de remédier à ces inconvénients est décrite dans la demande
Le but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients cités précédemment en proposant un axe de pivotement permettant à la fois de limiter la sensibilité aux champs magnétiques et d'obtenir des propriétés mécaniques permettant de répondre aux exigences de résistance aux chocs dans le domaine horloger.The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing a pivot axis that makes it possible at the same time to limit the sensitivity to magnetic fields and to obtain mechanical properties that make it possible to meet the impact resistance requirements in the watchmaking field. .
L'invention a encore pour but de fournir un axe de pivotement amagnétique qui puisse être fabriqué de manière simple et économique.The invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic pivot axis that can be manufactured simply and economically.
A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un axe de pivotement pour mouvement horloger comportant au moins un pivot en un premier matériau métallique amagnétique à au moins une de ses extrémités afin de limiter sa sensibilité aux champs magnétiques, au moins la surface externe dudit pivot étant recouverte d'une première couche d'un second matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant Ni, NiB, et NiP.For this purpose, the invention relates to a pivot axis for a watch movement comprising at least one pivot made of a first non-magnetic metal material at at least one of its ends in order to limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields, at least the external surface of said pivot being covered with a first layer of a second material selected from the group consisting of Ni, NiB, and NiP.
Selon l'invention, au moins ladite première couche du second matériau est recouverte au moins partiellement d'une deuxième couche d'un troisième matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant l'or, l'argent, le cuivre, le platine, le rhodium, le palladium et leurs alliages.According to the invention, at least said first layer of the second material is at least partially covered with a second layer of a third material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, palladium and their alloys.
Par conséquent, l'axe de pivotement selon l'invention permet de cumuler les avantages d'une faible sensibilité aux champs magnétiques, et au moins dans les zones de contrainte principales, d'une excellente tenue aux chocs. De ce fait, l'axe de pivotement selon l'invention ne présente, en cas de choc, aucune marque ni aucun endommagement sévère susceptible de nuire à la chronométrie du mouvement.Therefore, the pivot axis according to the invention can combine the advantages of low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and at least in the main stress zones, excellent resistance to shocks. As a result, the pivot axis according to the invention does not have, in case of shock, no mark or any severe damage likely to affect the chronometry of the movement.
En outre, les axes selon l'invention présentent une meilleure résistance mécanique, des propriétés tribologiques améliorées, mais aussi une meilleure résistance chimique vis-à-vis des lubrifiants traditionnellement utilisés pour la lubrification des axes.In addition, the axes according to the invention have better mechanical strength, improved tribological properties, but also better chemical resistance vis-à-vis the lubricants traditionally used for the lubrication of the axes.
Conformément à d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention :
- la première couche du second matériau présente une épaisseur comprise entre 0.5 µm et 10 µm, de préférence entre 1 µm et 5 µm, et plus préférentiellement entre 1 µm et 2 µm ;
- la première couche du second matériau présente une dureté de préférence supérieure à 400 HV, plus préférentiellement supérieure à 500 HV;
- la première couche du second matériau est de préférence une couche de NiP chimique, c'est-à-dire obtenue par dépôt chimique ;
- la deuxième couche du troisième matériau présente une épaisseur comprise entre 0.1 µm et 1 µm, de préférence entre 0.1 µm et 0.5 µm ;
- la deuxième couche du troisième matériau est de préférence une couche à base d'or déposée par voie galvanique.
- the first layer of the second material has a thickness of between 0.5 μm and 10 μm, preferably between 1 μm and 5 μm, and more preferably between 1 μm and 2 μm;
- the first layer of the second material has a hardness of preferably greater than 400 HV, more preferably greater than 500 HV;
- the first layer of the second material is preferably a chemical NiP layer, that is to say obtained by chemical deposition;
- the second layer of the third material has a thickness of between 0.1 μm and 1 μm, preferably between 0.1 μm and 0.5 μm;
- the second layer of the third material is preferably a galvanically deposited gold-based layer.
De plus, l'invention se rapporte à un mouvement d'horlogerie comprenant un axe de pivotement tel que défini ci-dessus, et en particulier un axe de balancier, une tige d'ancre et/ou un pignon d'échappement comprenant un axe tel que défini ci-dessus.In addition, the invention relates to a clockwork comprising a pivot axis as defined above, and in particular a balance shaft, an anchor rod and / or an exhaust pinion comprising an axis. as defined above.
Enfin, l'invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'un axe de pivotement tel que défini ci-dessus comportant les étapes suivantes :
- a) former une axe de pivotement comportant au moins un pivot en un premier matériau métallique amagnétique à au moins une de ses extrémités pour limiter sa sensibilité aux champs magnétiques;
- b) déposer une première couche d'un second matériau au moins sur la surface externe dudit pivot, ledit second matériau étant choisi parmi le groupe comprenant Ni, NiB et NiP, et
- c) déposer au moins partiellement sur la première couche du second matériau une deuxième couche d'un troisième matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant l'or, l'argent, le cuivre, le platine, le rhodium, le palladium et leurs alliages.
- a) forming a pivot axis comprising at least one pivot made of a first non-magnetic metallic material at at least one of its ends to limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields;
- b) depositing a first layer of a second material at least on the outer surface of said pivot, said second material being selected from the group consisting of Ni, NiB and NiP, and
- c) depositing at least partially on the first layer of the second material a second layer of a third material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, palladium and their alloys.
Conformément à d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention :
- la première couche du second matériau est déposée selon l'étape b) pour présenter une épaisseur comprise entre 0.5 µm et 10 µm, de préférence entre 1 µm et 5 µm, et plus préférentiellement entre 1 µm et 2 µm;
- le second matériau est le NiP et l'étape b) consiste en un dépôt de NiP selon un procédé de dépôt de nickel chimique à partir d'hypophosphite ;
- la deuxième couche du troisième matériau est déposée selon l'étape c) pour présenter une épaisseur comprise entre 0.1 µm et 1 µm, de préférence entre 0.1 µm et 0.5 µm ;
- le troisième matériau est de l'or et l'étape c) consiste en un dépôt galvanique d'or.
- the first layer of the second material is deposited according to step b) to have a thickness of between 0.5 microns and 10 microns, preferably between 1 micron and 5 microns, and more preferably between 1 micron and 2 microns;
- the second material is NiP and step b) consists of a NiP deposition according to a chemical nickel deposition process from hypophosphite;
- the second layer of the third material is deposited according to step c) to have a thickness of between 0.1 .mu.m and 1 .mu.m, preferably between 0.1 .mu.m and 0.5 .mu.m;
- the third material is gold and step c) consists of a galvanic deposit of gold.
D'autres particularités et avantages ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une représentation d'un axe de pivotement selon l'invention ; et - la
figure 2 est une coupe partielle d'un pivot d'axe de balancier selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a representation of a pivot axis according to the invention; and - the
figure 2 is a partial section of a rocker arm pivot according to the invention.
Dans la présente description, le terme matériau « amagnétique » signifie un matériau paramagnétique ou diamagnétique ou antiferromagnétique, dont la perméabilité magnétique est inférieure ou égale à 1.01.In the present description, the term "non-magnetic" material means a paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic material whose magnetic permeability is less than or equal to 1.01.
Un alliage d'un élément est un alliage contenant au moins 50% en poids dudit élément.An alloy of an element is an alloy containing at least 50% by weight of said element.
L'invention se rapporte à une pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie et notamment à un axe de pivotement amagnétique pour un mouvement d'horlogerie mécanique.The invention relates to a piece for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivoting axis for a mechanical clockwork movement.
L'invention sera décrite ci-après dans le cadre d'une application à un axe de balancier amagnétique 1. Bien évidemment, d'autres types d'axes de pivotement horlogers sont envisageables comme par exemple des axes de mobiles horlogers, typiquement des pignons d'échappement, ou encore des tiges d'ancre. Les pièces de ce type présentent au niveau du corps des diamètres inférieurs de préférence à 2 mm, et des pivots de diamètre inférieur de préférence à 0.2 mm, avec une précision de quelques microns.The invention will be described hereinafter in the context of an application to a non-magnetic balance shaft 1. Of course, other types of clockwise pivot axes can be envisaged, such as, for example, axes of watch mobiles, typically pinions. exhaust, or anchor rods. The parts of this type have at the body diameters preferably less than 2 mm, and pivots of smaller diameter preferably 0.2 mm, with an accuracy of a few microns.
En se référant à la
Avec le magnétisme induit par les objets rencontrés au quotidien, il est important de limiter la sensibilité de l'axe de balancier 1 sous peine d'influencer la marche de la pièce d'horlogerie dans laquelle il est incorporé.With the magnetism induced by the objects encountered on a daily basis, it is important to limit the sensitivity of the pendulum axis 1, otherwise it will influence the operation of the timepiece in which it is incorporated.
Ainsi, le pivot 3 est réalisé en un premier matériau 4 métallique amagnétique afin de limiter de manière avantageuse sa sensibilité aux champs magnétiques.Thus, the
De préférence, le premier matériau 4 métallique amagnétique est choisi parmi le groupe comprenant un acier du type austénitique, de préférence inoxydable, un alliage de cobalt du type austénitique, un alliage de nickel du type austénitique, un alliage de titane amagnétique, un alliage d'aluminium amagnétique, un laiton (Cu-Zn) ou un laiton spécial (Cu-Zn avec Al et/ou Si et/ou Mn), un cuivre-béryllium, un bronze (Cu-Sn), un bronze à l'aluminium, un cuivre-aluminium (comprenant optionnellement Ni et/ou Fe), un cuivre-nickel, un Maillechort (Cu-Ni-Zn), un cuivre-nickel-étain, un cuivre-nickel-silicium, un cuivre-nickel-phosphore, un cuivre-titane, les proportions des différents éléments des alliages étant choisies pour leur conférer des propriétés amagnétiques ainsi qu'une bonne usinabilité.Preferably, the first
Par exemple, l'acier austénitique est un acier austénitique inox HIS (High Interstitial Steels), tel que l'acier Cr-Mn-N P2000 de Energietechnik Essen GmbH.For example, the austenitic steel is high grade stainless steel austenitic steel (HIS), such as Cr-Mn-N P2000 steel from Energietechnik Essen GmbH.
L'alliage de cobalt du type austénitique peut comprendre au moins 39% de cobalt, typiquement un alliage connu sous le nom « Phynox » ou la désignation DIN K13C20N16Fe15D7 ayant typiquement 39% de Co, 19% de Cr, 15% de Ni et 6% de Mo, 1.5% de Mn, 18% de Fe et le soldes d'additifs.The cobalt alloy of the austenitic type may comprise at least 39% cobalt, typically an alloy known as "Phynox" or the DIN designation K13C20N16Fe15D7 typically having 39% Co, 19% Cr, 15% Ni and 6%. % Mo, 1.5% Mn, 18% Fe and additive balances.
L'alliage de nickel de type austénitique peut comprendre au moins 33% de nickel typiquement un alliage connu sous la désignation MP35N® ayant typiquement 35% de Ni 20% de Cr, 10% de Mo, 33% de Co et le solde d'additifs.The austenitic nickel alloy may comprise at least 33% nickel typically an alloy known as MP35N® typically having 35% Ni 20% Cr, 10% Mo, 33% Co and the balance of additives.
L'alliage de titane comprend de préférence au moins 85% de titane.The titanium alloy preferably comprises at least 85% titanium.
Les laitons peuvent comprendre les alliages CuZn39Pb3, CuZn37Pb2, ou CuZn37.The brasses may include CuZn39Pb3, CuZn37Pb2, or CuZn37 alloys.
Les laitons spéciaux peuvent comprendre les alliages CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi, CuZn23Al3Co ou CuZn23Al6Mn4Fe3Pb.Special brasses may include CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi, CuZn23Al3Co or CuZn23Al6Mn4Fe3Pb alloys.
Les Maillechort peuvent comprendre les alliages CuNi25Zn11 Pb1 Mn, CuNi7Zn39Pb3Mn2 ou CuNi18Zn19Pb1.Nickel silver can include CuNi25Zn11 Pb1 Mn, CuNi7Zn39Pb3Mn2 or CuNi18Zn19Pb1 alloys.
Les bronzes peuvent comprendre les alliages CuSn9 ou CuSn6.Bronzes may include CuSn9 or CuSn6 alloys.
Les bronzes à l'aluminium peuvent comprendre les alliages CuAl9 ou CuAl9Fe5Ni5.Aluminum bronzes may include CuAl9 or CuAl9Fe5Ni5 alloys.
Les alliages cuivre-nickel peuvent comprendre l'alliage CuNi30.Copper-nickel alloys can include the CuNi30 alloy.
Les alliages cuivre-nickel-étain peuvent comprendre les alliages CuNi15Sn8, CuNi9Sn6 ou CuNi7.5Sn5 (commercialisé par exemple sous la dénomination Declafor).The copper-nickel-tin alloys can comprise the alloys CuNi15Sn8, CuNi9Sn6 or CuNi7.5Sn5 (sold for example under the name Declafor).
Les alliages cuivre-titane peuvent comprendre l'alliage CuTi3Fe.Copper-titanium alloys can include the CuTi3Fe alloy.
Les alliages cuivre-nickel-silicium peuvent comprendre l'alliage CuNi3Si.Copper-nickel-silicon alloys may comprise the CuNi3Si alloy.
Les alliages cuivre-nickel-phosphore peuvent comprendre l'alliage CuNi1P.Copper-nickel-phosphorus alloys may comprise the CuNi1P alloy.
Les alliages cuivre-béryllium peuvent comprendre les alliages CuBe2Pb ou CuBe2.Copper-Beryllium alloys can include CuBe2Pb or CuBe2 alloys.
Les valeurs de composition sont indiquées en pourcentage massique. Les éléments sans indication de valeur de composition sont soit le reste (majoritaire) soit des éléments pour lesquels le pourcentage dans la composition est inférieur à 1% en poids.The composition values are given as a percentage by mass. The elements without indication of composition value are either the remainder (majority) or elements for which the percentage in the composition is less than 1% by weight.
L'alliage de cuivre amagnétique peut être également un alliage ayant pour composition massique entre 14.5% et 15.5% de Ni, entre 7.5% et 8.5% de Sn, au maximum 0.02% de Pb et le reste de Cu. Un tel alliage est commercialisé sous la marque Toughmet® par la société Materion.The nonmagnetic copper alloy may also be an alloy having a mass composition of between 14.5% and 15.5% of Ni, between 7.5% and 8.5% of Sn, at most 0.02% of Pb and the remainder of Cu. Such an alloy is marketed under the trademark Toughmet® by the company Materion.
Bien évidemment, d'autres alliages amagnétiques sont envisageables dès lors que la proportion de leurs constituants leur confère des propriétés amagnétiques ainsi qu'une bonne usinabilité.Of course, other non-magnetic alloys are possible since the proportion of their constituents gives them non-magnetic properties and good machinability.
Le premier matériau métallique amagnétique présente généralement une dureté inférieure à 600 HV.The first non-magnetic metallic material generally has a hardness of less than 600 HV.
Comme le montre la
Dans le second matériau, le taux de phosphore peut être compris de préférence entre 0% (on a alors du Ni pur) et 15%. De préférence, le taux de phosphore dans le second matériau NiP peut être un taux moyen compris entre 6% et 9%, ou un taux élevé compris entre 9% et 12%. Il est bien évident toutefois que le second matériau NiP peut comprendre un taux bas de phosphore.In the second material, the phosphorus content may be preferably between 0% (then pure Ni) and 15%. Preferably, the level of phosphorus in the second NiP material may be an average level of between 6% and 9%, or a high level of between 9% and 12%. It is obvious, however, that the second NiP material may comprise a low level of phosphorus.
Dans le second matériau, le taux de bore peut être compris de préférence entre 0% (on a alors du Ni pur) et 8%. De préférence, le taux de bore dans le second matériau NiB peut être un taux moyen compris entre 4% et 5%.In the second material, the boron content may be preferably between 0% (then pure Ni) and 8%. Preferably, the level of boron in the second NiB material may be an average level of between 4% and 5%.
En outre, un traitement thermique peut être réalisé entre les étapes b) et c) et/ou après l'étape c). Par exemple, lorsque le second matériau est du NiB, ou du NiP à taux moyen ou élevé de phosphore, la première couche du second matériau NiB ou NiP peut être avantageusement durcie par traitement thermique.In addition, a heat treatment can be carried out between steps b) and c) and / or after step c). For example, when the second material is NiB, or NiP at medium or high phosphorus level, the first layer of the second NiB or NiP material can be advantageously cured by heat treatment.
La première couche du second matériau présente une dureté de préférence supérieure à 400 HV, plus préférentiellement supérieure à 500 HV.The first layer of the second material has a hardness of preferably greater than 400 HV, more preferably greater than 500 HV.
D'une manière particulièrement avantageuse, la première couche du second matériau en Ni ou NiP non durcie présente une dureté de préférence supérieure à 500 HV, mais inférieure à 600 HV, c'est-à-dire de préférence comprise entre 500 HV et 550 HV. D'une manière surprenante et inattendue, l'axe de pivotement selon l'invention présente une excellente tenue aux chocs bien que la couche du second matériau puisse présenter une dureté (HV) inférieure à celle du premier matériau.In a particularly advantageous manner, the first layer of the second uncured Ni or NiP material has a hardness of preferably greater than 500 HV, but less than 600 HV, that is to say preferably between 500 HV and 550 H V. In a surprising way and unexpectedly, the pivot axis according to the invention has excellent impact resistance although the layer of the second material may have a hardness (HV) lower than that of the first material.
Lorsqu'elle est durcie par traitement thermique, la première couche du second matériau en NiP peut présenter une dureté comprise entre 900 HV et 1000 HV.When cured by heat treatment, the first layer of the second NiP material may have a hardness of between 900 HV and 1000 HV.
La première couche du second matériau en NiB non durcie présente une dureté de préférence supérieure à 500 HV, et peut présenter une dureté supérieure à 1000 HV lorsqu'elle est durcie par traitement thermique.The first layer of the uncured second NiB material has a hardness of preferably greater than 500 HV, and may have a hardness greater than 1000 HV when cured by heat treatment.
D'une manière avantageuse, la première couche du second matériau peut présenter une épaisseur comprise entre 0.5 µm et 10 µm, de préférence entre 1 µm et 5 µm, et plus préférentiellement entre 1 µm et 2 µm.Advantageously, the first layer of the second material may have a thickness of between 0.5 μm and 10 μm, preferably between 1 μm and 5 μm, and more preferably between 1 μm and 2 μm.
De préférence, la première couche du second matériau est une couche de NiP, et plus particulièrement une couche de NiP chimique, c'est-à-dire déposée par voie chimique.Preferably, the first layer of the second material is a NiP layer, and more particularly a chemical NiP layer, that is to say deposited chemically.
Dans une autre variante de réalisation, la première couche du second matériau est une couche de NiB, et plus particulièrement une couche de NiB chimique, c'est-à-dire déposée par voie chimique.In another alternative embodiment, the first layer of the second material is a NiB layer, and more particularly a chemical NiB layer, that is to say deposited chemically.
Selon l'invention, au moins la première couche 5 du second matériau est recouverte au moins partiellement d'une deuxième couche 6 d'un troisième matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant l'or, l'argent, le cuivre, le platine, le rhodium, le palladium, utilisé sous forme pure ou sous forme d'alliage. Ladite deuxième couche 6 est d'épaisseur inférieure à celle de la première couche 5. D'une manière avantageuse, la deuxième couche 6 du troisième matériau peut présenter une épaisseur comprise entre 0.1 µm et 1 µm, de préférence entre 0.1 µm et 0.5 µm.According to the invention, at least the
De préférence, le troisième matériau est de l'or 24 carats, avec quelques traces possibles d'autres éléments. Par exemple, on utilise de l'or à 99.7-99.8% et 0.02-0.03% de Ni ou Co.Preferably, the third material is 24 carat gold, with some possible traces of other elements. For example, gold is used at 99.7-99.8% and 0.02-0.03% Ni or Co.
Sont particulièrement préférées les combinaisons associant :
- un alliage cuivre-béryllium, et plus particulièrement CuBe2Pb, comme premier matériau métallique amagnétique, recouvert d'une couche de NiP chimique comme première couche 5 du second matériau, elle-même recouverte d'une couche d'or comme deuxième couche 6 du troisième matériau
- un alliage cuivre-nickel-étain, et plus particulièrement le Declafor ou le Toughmet®, comme premier matériau métallique amagnétique, recouvert d'une couche de NiP chimique comme première couche 5 du second matériau, elle-même recouverte d'une couche d'or comme deuxième couche 6 du troisième matériau
- un acier inoxydable, et plus particulièrement, un acier Inox HIS, comme premier matériau métallique amagnétique, recouvert d'une couche de NiP chimique comme première couche 5 du second matériau, elle-même recouverte d'une couche d'or comme deuxième couche 6 du troisième matériau.
- a copper-beryllium alloy, and more particularly CuBe2Pb, as the first non-magnetic metallic material, covered with a layer of NiP chemical as a
first layer 5 of the second material, itself covered with a layer of gold as asecond layer 6 of the third material - a copper-nickel-tin alloy, and more particularly Declafor or Toughmet®, as the first non-magnetic metallic material, covered with a layer of NiP chemical as a
first layer 5 of the second material, itself covered with a layer of gold assecond layer 6 of the third material - a stainless steel, and more particularly, a stainless steel HIS, as the first non-magnetic metallic material, covered with a layer of chemical NiP as the
first layer 5 of the second material, itself covered with a layer of gold as asecond layer 6 third material.
Par conséquent, au moins la surface externe du pivot est durcie c'est-à-dire que le reste de l'axe, peut rester peu ou pas modifié sans modification notable des propriétés mécaniques de l'axe de balancier 1. Ce durcissement sélectif des pivots 3 de l'axe de balancier 1 permet de cumuler les avantages comme la faible sensibilité aux champs magnétiques et des propriétés mécaniques permettant d'obtenir une très bonne tenue aux chocs, dans les zones de contrainte principales. En outre, la deuxième couche du troisième matériau, de moindre épaisseur, constitue la couche externe du pivot de l'invention, et forme une couche de protection. Plus particulièrement, la deuxième couche du troisième matériau permet de rendre la surface du pivot de l'invention chimiquement inerte et de limiter la dégradation de la première couche du deuxième matériau par l'action du frottement avec les pierres et/ou par réaction chimique avec le lubrifiant utilisé.Therefore, at least the outer surface of the pivot is hardened that is to say that the rest of the axis can remain little or no change without significant change in the mechanical properties of the balance shaft 1. This selective hardening pivots 3 of the balance shaft 1 allows to cumulate the advantages as the low sensitivity to magnetic fields and mechanical properties to obtain a very good resistance to shocks in the main stress zones. In addition, the second layer of the third material, of lesser thickness, constitutes the outer layer of the pivot of the invention, and forms a protective layer. More particularly, the second layer of the third material makes it possible to render the surface of the pivot of the invention chemically inert and to limit the degradation of the first layer of the second material by the action of friction with the stones and / or by chemical reaction with the lubricant used.
Afin d'améliorer la tenue de la première couche du second matériau, l'axe de pivotement peut comprendre au moins une sous-couche d'adhésion déposée entre le premier matériau et la première couche du second matériau. Par exemple, dans le cas notamment d'un axe de pivotement en matériau de type acier inox HIS, une sous-couche d'or et/ou une sous-couche de nickel galvanique peu(ven)t être prévue(s) sous la première couche du second matériau.In order to improve the strength of the first layer of the second material, the pivot axis may comprise at least one adhesion sub-layer deposited between the first material and the first layer of the second material. For example, in the case in particular of a pivot axis made of HIS stainless steel type material, a gold underlayer and / or a galvanic nickel underlayer may be provided under the first layer of the second material.
L'invention se rapporte également au procédé de fabrication d'un axe de balancier comme expliqué ci-dessus. Le procédé comporte avantageusement selon l'invention les étapes suivantes :
- a) former, de préférence par décolletage ou toute autre technique d'usinage par enlèvement de copeaux, un axe de balancier 1 comportant au moins
un pivot 3 en un premier matériau métallique amagnétique à chacune de ses extrémités, pour limiter sa sensibilité aux champs magnétiques; - b) déposer une première couche 5 d'un second matériau au moins sur la surface
externe dudit pivot 3, ledit second matériau étant choisi parmi le groupe comprenant Ni, NiB et NiP afin d'améliorer les propriétés mécaniques des pivots pour obtenir une résistance aux chocs appropriée au moins au niveau des zones de contraintes principales ; et - c) déposer au moins partiellement sur la première couche 5 du second matériau une deuxième couche 6 d'un troisième matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant l'or, l'argent, le cuivre, le platine, le rhodium, le palladium et leurs alliages.
- a) forming, preferably by bar turning or any other machining machining technique, a balance shaft 1 comprising at least one
pivot 3 of a first non-magnetic metal material at each of its ends, to limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields ; - b) depositing a
first layer 5 of a second material at least on the outer surface of saidpivot 3, said second material being selected from the group comprising Ni, NiB and NiP in order to improve the mechanical properties of the pivots to obtain a resistance to appropriate shocks at least at the level of the main stress zones; and - c) depositing at least partially on the
first layer 5 of the second material asecond layer 6 of a third material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, palladium and their alloys .
D'une manière préférée, la première couche 5 du second matériau est déposée selon l'étape b) pour présenter une épaisseur comprise entre 0.5 µm et 10 µm, de préférence entre 1 µm et 5 µm, et plus préférentiellement entre 1 µm et 2 µm.In a preferred manner, the
Avantageusement, l'étape b) de dépôt de la première couche 5 du second matériau peut être réalisée selon un procédé choisi parmi le groupe comprenant les dépôts PVD, CVD, ALD, galvanique et chimique, et de préférence chimique.Advantageously, the step b) of depositing the
Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, le second matériau est du NiP et l'étape de dépôt de la couche 5 de NiP est réalisée selon un procédé de dépôt de nickel chimique à partir d'hypophosphite.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the second material is NiP and the deposition step of the
Les différents paramètres de dépôt de nickel chimique à partir d'hypophosphite à prendre en compte, tels que la teneur en phosphore dans le dépôt, le pH, la température, ou la composition du bain de nickelage sont connus de l'homme du métier. On se référera par exemple à la publication de
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le second matériau est du NiB et l'étape de dépôt de la couche 5 de NiB est réalisée selon un procédé de dépôt de nickel chimique à partir de composés de bore.According to another embodiment, the second material is NiB and the deposition step of the
D'une manière préférée, la deuxième couche 6 du troisième matériau est déposée sur la première couche 5 pour présenter une épaisseur comprise entre 0.1 µm et 1 µm, de préférence entre 0.1 µm et 0.5 µm.In a preferred manner, the
Avantageusement, l'étape c) de dépôt de la deuxième couche 6 du troisième matériau est réalisée selon un procédé choisi parmi le groupe comprenant les dépôts PVD (sputtering, évaporation ou autre), CVD, et galvanique. Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement préféré, le troisième matériau est de l'or et l'étape de dépôt de la couche 6 d'or est réalisée par voie galvanique. Ces procédés sont connus de l'homme du métier et ne nécessitent pas de description détaillée.Advantageously, step c) of depositing the
Lorsque le second matériau est du NiB ou du NiP, de préférence à taux moyen ou élevé de phosphore, le procédé selon l'invention peut en outre comprendre, entre les étapes b) et c) et/ou après l'étape de dépôt c), une étape d) de traitement thermique. Un tel traitement thermique permet d'obtenir une première couche 5 du second matériau présentant une dureté comprise de préférence entre 900 HV et 1000 HV. De préférence, l'étape d) de traitement thermique est réalisée après l'étape c). Une étape de traitement thermique du premier matériau peut également être prévue avant l'étape a) ou l'étape b).When the second material is NiB or NiP, preferably at medium or high level of phosphorus, the process according to the invention may further comprise, between steps b) and c) and / or after the deposition step c ), a step d) of heat treatment. Such a heat treatment makes it possible to obtain a
Le procédé de dépôt de nickel chimique est particulièrement avantageux en ce qu'il permet d'obtenir un dépôt conforme et ne présentant pas d'effet de pointe. Il est ainsi possible de prévoir la dimension de l'axe de pivotement décolleté pour obtenir la géométrie voulue après recouvrement par la couche du second matériau.The chemical nickel deposition process is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to obtain a compliant deposit that has no peak effect. It is thus possible to provide the dimension of the pivot axis of the neck to obtain the desired geometry after recovery by the layer of the second material.
Le procédé de dépôt de nickel chimique présente également l'avantage de pouvoir être appliqué en vrac.The chemical nickel deposition process also has the advantage of being applied in bulk.
Afin d'améliorer la tenue de la première couche du second matériau, le procédé selon l'invention peut en outre comprendre, avant l'étape de dépôt b), une étape e) d'application d'au moins une sous-couche d'adhésion sur le premier matériau. Par exemple, dans le cas notamment d'un axe de pivotement en matériau de type acier inox HIS, il est possible d'appliquer une sous-couche d'or et/ou une sous-couche de nickel galvanique avant le dépôt de nickel par voie chimique.In order to improve the strength of the first layer of the second material, the method according to the invention may further comprise, before the deposition step b), a step e) of applying at least one sub-layer of adhesion on the first material. For example, in the case in particular of a pivot axis of HIS stainless steel type material, it is possible to apply a gold underlayer and / or a galvanic nickel underlayer before nickel deposition by chemical way.
L'axe de pivotement selon l'invention peut comprendre des pivots traités selon l'invention en appliquant les étapes b) et c) aux seuls pivots, la deuxième couche 6 du troisième matériau revêtant partiellement ou complètement le pivot en appliquant l'étape c) sur une partie ou sur la totalité de la surface du pivot.The pivot axis according to the invention may comprise pivots treated according to the invention by applying steps b) and c) only to the pivots, the
L'axe de pivotement selon l'invention peut également être réalisé entièrement en un premier matériau métallique amagnétique, sa surface externe pouvant être recouverte entièrement d'une première couche du second matériau en appliquant l'étape b) sur la totalité des surfaces de l'axe de pivotement, puis ladite première couche du second matériau étant ensuite partiellement ou entièrement recouverte d'une deuxième couche d'un troisième matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant l'or, l'argent, le cuivre, le platine, le rhodium, le palladium et leurs alliages, en appliquant l'étape c) sur une partie ou sur la totalité des surfaces de l'axe de pivotement.The pivot axis according to the invention can also be made entirely of a first non-magnetic metallic material, its surface outer member fully coverable with a first layer of the second material by applying step b) on all of the surfaces of the pivot axis, then said first layer of the second material being then partially or completely covered with a second layer a third material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, palladium and their alloys, by applying step c) on some or all of the surfaces of the pivot axis.
D'une manière connue, les pivots 3 peuvent être roulés ou polis avant ou après l'étape de dépôt b), afin d'atteindre les dimensions et l'état de surface finaux désirés pour les pivots 3.In a known manner, the
L'axe de pivotement selon l'invention cumule les avantages d'une faible sensibilité aux champs magnétiques, et au moins dans les zones de contrainte principales, d'une excellente tenue aux chocs. De ce fait, l'axe de pivotement selon l'invention ne présente, en cas de choc, aucune marque ni aucun endommagement sévère susceptible de nuire à la chronométrie du mouvement.The pivot axis according to the invention combines the advantages of a low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and at least in the main stress zones, excellent resistance to shocks. Therefore, the pivot axis according to the invention does not present, in case of impact, no mark or severe damage likely to affect the chronometry of the movement.
En outre, les axes selon l'invention présentent une meilleure résistance mécanique, de meilleures propriétés tribologiques, mais aussi une meilleure résistance chimique vis-à-vis des lubrifiants traditionnellement utilisés pour la lubrification des axes.In addition, the axes according to the invention have a better mechanical strength, better tribological properties, but also better chemical resistance vis-à-vis the lubricants traditionally used for the lubrication of the axes.
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (18)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP17157065.8A EP3273307A1 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-02-21 | Part for clock movement |
CN201710584919.3A CN107632508B (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Component for a timepiece movement |
US15/652,287 US11092932B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Component for a timepiece movement |
CN201710584247.6A CN107632510B (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Component for a timepiece movement |
RU2017125759A RU2752467C2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Clockwork mechanism component |
JP2017138778A JP6591498B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Components for watch movement |
US15/652,288 US10761482B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Component for a timepiece movement |
CN202110652156.8A CN113296382A (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Component for a timepiece movement |
RU2017125734A RU2767960C2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Clockwork component |
US15/652,283 US11237520B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Component for a timepiece movement |
JP2017138777A JP6591497B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Components for watch movement |
CN201710584243.8A CN107632507B (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Component for a timepiece movement |
JP2017138776A JP6762275B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-07-18 | Watch movement components |
HK18107788.1A HK1248327A1 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-06-15 | Component for a timepiece movement |
HK18108135.9A HK1248836A1 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-06-25 | Component for a timepiece movement |
HK18108785.2A HK1249200A1 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-07-06 | Component for a timepiece movement |
JP2019118335A JP2019203899A (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2019-06-26 | Component for timepiece movement |
JP2019118340A JP2019197061A (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2019-06-26 | Component for timepiece movement |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP16180226.9A EP3273304B1 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2016-07-19 | Part for clock movement |
EP16190278.8A EP3273306A1 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2016-09-23 | Part for clock movement |
EP17157065.8A EP3273307A1 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2017-02-21 | Part for clock movement |
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EP3273307A1 true EP3273307A1 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
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EP (1) | EP3273307A1 (en) |
JP (5) | JP6591497B2 (en) |
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EP3339968A1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-27 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Part for clock movement |
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EP3885842B1 (en) | 2020-03-26 | 2024-03-20 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Non-magnetic timepiece component with improved wear resistance |
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EP4033307A1 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-07-27 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Assembly comprising a rotating moving part made of non-magnetic material and a bearing provided with a cone |
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US11237520B2 (en) | 2022-02-01 |
US20180024502A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
JP2019203899A (en) | 2019-11-28 |
JP2018013484A (en) | 2018-01-25 |
HK1248836A1 (en) | 2018-10-19 |
JP2019197061A (en) | 2019-11-14 |
US11092932B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 |
RU2017125734A3 (en) | 2020-11-12 |
JP6591498B2 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
JP2018013483A (en) | 2018-01-25 |
RU2017125734A (en) | 2019-01-21 |
JP6591497B2 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
HK1249200A1 (en) | 2018-10-26 |
US20180024501A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
RU2767960C2 (en) | 2022-03-22 |
JP2018013482A (en) | 2018-01-25 |
CN113296382A (en) | 2021-08-24 |
HK1248327A1 (en) | 2018-10-12 |
JP6762275B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
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