EP4214444A1 - Verfahren und anlage zum thermischen verwerten von festem brennstoff in einem reaktionsraum - Google Patents
Verfahren und anlage zum thermischen verwerten von festem brennstoff in einem reaktionsraumInfo
- Publication number
- EP4214444A1 EP4214444A1 EP21782505.8A EP21782505A EP4214444A1 EP 4214444 A1 EP4214444 A1 EP 4214444A1 EP 21782505 A EP21782505 A EP 21782505A EP 4214444 A1 EP4214444 A1 EP 4214444A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- gas flow
- water content
- gas stream
- reaction chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
- F23B2700/012—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with predrying in fuel supply area
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
- F23G2201/101—Drying by heat using indirect heat transfer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/20—Drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a system for the thermal utilization of solid fuel in a reaction chamber according to the preamble of patent claim 1 or according to the preamble of patent claim 14.
- Thermal utilization is understood here to mean a heat-generating process such as firing, gasification or pyrolysis.
- the "solid fuel” mentioned here includes thermally usable biomass such as e.g. B. wood chips, wood shavings, pellets, and biogenic residues such. B. corn cobs or olive stones, but also thermally usable waste.
- Important parameters in this context include the water content and the bulk density of the fuel, as well as the particle size distribution and the fines content in the fuel .
- Reasons for varying these parameters are e.g. B. :
- Another concept described in DE 4446022 A1 is based on the knowledge that the incineration of waste can only be carried out best if the composition or the nature of the waste to be incinerated is determined before incineration and its incineration is matched to this information that a proactive approach to the incineration of waste is possible.
- the water content of the waste to be incinerated is determined before incineration in the allocation shaft using microwave signals. Signal weakening and/or phase changes in these microwave signals are caused by the water content of the waste. These are evaluated to determine the water content in the waste.
- the information signals obtained in this way are forwarded to a process control unit which is provided for controlling the supply of air for the combustion of the waste taking place on the grate.
- the measurement technology based on microwave signals requires a high level of installation effort and is also relatively expensive. In addition, measurement is only available at discrete points.
- AT 15458 Ul discloses a method for burning solid fuel, in particular lignin and agricultural biomass, in which the water content of the fuel is detected and, taking into account the energy content for a selected power, the supply of fuel is increased at a higher water content and at a low one water content is reduced.
- the proportion of primary air and/or secondary air in the combustion air is selected depending on the detected water content of the fuel.
- the ratio in the combustion air between primary air and secondary air on the one hand and recirculation gas on the other hand is selected depending on the water content of the fuel.
- the water content of the fuel is recorded continuously or discontinuously during its storage or its supply through a fuel feed channel. However, it is not specified how the water content of the fuel is recorded.
- the object of the invention arises in the method and the system for the thermal utilization of solid fuel in a reaction chamber in which or in which the water content of the fuel is determined before it is introduced into the reaction chamber and the process of Thermal utilization of the fuel is controlled as a function of the water content of the fuel, to carry out or specify measures that allow a simple and inexpensive determination of the water content of the fuel and any other parameters useful for controlling the process of thermal utilization.
- the object of the invention is achieved in that, in the method according to the preamble of claim 1, a gas flow is passed through the fuel and the moisture of the gas flow is measured after it has exited the fuel and the water content is determined from the measured value representing the moisture of the gas flow of the fuel is determined.
- the object of the invention is achieved in that in the system according to the preamble of claim 14, a device for generating a Gas flow is provided which can be guided through a fuel bed in a container and a measuring device for measuring the moisture of the gas flow after it has exited the fuel bed is provided, as well as an evaluation unit for determining the water content of the fuel from the moisture of the gas flow determining Measured value is provided and that the
- Control unit so determined water content of the fuel for its consideration in the process control can be communicated.
- the invention allows information about the fuel to be provided before it is transported into the reactor space. As a result, changes in fuel quality can be identified and fuel properties important for efficient and targeted combustion can be derived from the data. This includes in particular information about the water content, the bulk density, the fines content, the ash content and the calorific value. This information can be made available to the operator of the system or the controller of the system.
- a gas flow which can be air, nitrogen, recirculation gas, exhaust gas or air enriched with oxygen, and can have a temperature between -10° C. and 200° C., through a fuel bed in a container, which is a storage container, a lock, a chute, an auger or a container separate from a fuel supply device.
- a container which is a storage container, a lock, a chute, an auger or a container separate from a fuel supply device.
- various physical processes take place: - heat is transferred from the gas flow to the fuel or vice versa; as a result z.
- B cooling of the gas stream and heating of the fuel bed; - There is a drying process of the fuel and an absorption of water in the gas flow instead;
- Methods can be determined, such as e.g.:
- thermocouples thermocouples; NiCr-Ni Almemo ® plug type K; measuring range: -200°C ... +1370° C;
- the bulk fuel can include a partial flow from the entire fuel mass flow or the entire fuel mass flow.
- the flow through the fuel bed can be from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
- Fuel bed and gas stream can preferably have a ⁇ of at least 15 K.
- the exhaust air from the bulk fuel can be integrated into the thermal utilization process, e.g. B. as primary air or secondary air.
- the inventive measures can be retrofitted to existing systems or taken into account from the outset in new systems.
- Coupling with other metrological devices is possible (process data of the system, fuel scales, acquisition of image data from the fuel, etc.).
- Upstream drying of the gas stream can be done e.g. B. done by directing the gas flow through a silica gel bed, so as to eliminate ambient air-related fluctuations. This shows differences in the exhaust air even more clearly and further improves the process.
- the invention makes it possible to provide information about the fuel before it enters the reaction space.
- the operating modes of the system are adapted, e.g. B. by increasing or reducing the fuel mass flow, increasing or reducing the proportion of recirculation air, increasing or reducing the preheating of the fuel air.
- a plant for the thermal utilization of solid fuel has a container 1 for receiving a bulk fuel.
- the container 1 is connected upstream of a reaction chamber, not shown, into which the fuel can be introduced after leaving the container 1 in order to be thermally utilized there by combustion.
- the container 1 is preceded by a hot air blower 2 which accelerates and heats a gas flow which has previously flowed through a drying device in the form of a silica gel bed 3 .
- the gas stream leaving the hot-air blower 2 flows through the bulk fuel in the container 1.
- thermal utilization Various physical parameters relevant to thermal utilization, such as e.g. B. pressure and temperature of the gas stream before entering and after exiting from the fuel bed and the moisture content of the gas stream, measured in particular after its exit from the fuel bed.
- These measured values are fed to an evaluation unit 4, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the water content and other parameters relevant to thermal utilization, such as the density of the bed and the proportion of fines in the bed.
- the data determined by the evaluation unit 4 are supplied to a control unit 5, which controls the thermal utilization process taking this data into account.
- the evaluation unit 4 can access a database 6 in which certain data relevant to the thermal utilization process are stored.
- further parameters of the fuel can be recorded in addition to the fuel properties recorded from the change in the gas flow when passing through the fuel bed.
- additional parameters can be used to determine the combustion Substance properties to further refine and / or to check plausibility.
- Further measuring devices can be present for this purpose. These can be selected from process data from the system and/or a fuel scale for detecting the fuel mass and/or a device for detecting the bulk density and/or a device for detecting image data of the fuel.
- the water content can also be determined from the change in fuel mass, which leads to redundant and therefore more reliable detection.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020124544.0A DE102020124544A1 (de) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Verfahren und Anlage zum thermischen Verwerten von festem Brennstoff in einem Reaktionsraum |
| PCT/EP2021/075925 WO2022058612A1 (de) | 2020-09-21 | 2021-09-21 | Verfahren und anlage zum thermischen verwerten von festem brennstoff in einem reaktionsraum |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4214444A1 true EP4214444A1 (de) | 2023-07-26 |
| EP4214444C0 EP4214444C0 (de) | 2025-03-12 |
| EP4214444B1 EP4214444B1 (de) | 2025-03-12 |
Family
ID=77989812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21782505.8A Active EP4214444B1 (de) | 2020-09-21 | 2021-09-21 | Verfahren und anlage zum thermischen verwerten von festem brennstoff in einem reaktionsraum |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4214444B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020124544A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022058612A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52113065A (en) * | 1976-03-16 | 1977-09-21 | Kubota Ltd | Method of automatically controlling trash incinerator |
| DE4446022A1 (de) | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-27 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Abfällen |
| DE19547258A1 (de) | 1995-12-06 | 1997-10-16 | Hartmann & Braun Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Müll-Verbrennungsanlage, insbesondere einer Abfall- oder Müllverbrennungsanlage |
| DE19917572A1 (de) | 1999-04-19 | 2000-10-26 | Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag | Verfahren zur automatischen Einstellung der Feuerung einer Müllverbrennungsanlage |
| JP2003028407A (ja) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-29 | Hitachi Ltd | 乾燥機システムおよび乾燥機の制御方法 |
| US20080163803A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-10 | Covanta Energy Corporation | Method and systems to control municipal solid waste density and higher heating value for improved waste-to-energy boiler operation |
| DE102007055168A1 (de) | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-20 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Verfahren zur Regelung einer Festbrennstoff-Befeuerungseinrichtung |
| FI123073B (fi) | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-31 | Foster Wheeler Energia Oy | Järjestely ja menetelmä polttoaineen kuivaamiseksi kattilasysteemissä |
| AT15458U1 (de) | 2013-02-25 | 2017-09-15 | Ing Russ Egon | Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff |
| DE102015223866A1 (de) | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-01 | Claudius Peters Projects Gmbh | Kalzinieranlage und Verfahren zum Kalzinieren |
-
2020
- 2020-09-21 DE DE102020124544.0A patent/DE102020124544A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-09-21 WO PCT/EP2021/075925 patent/WO2022058612A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-09-21 EP EP21782505.8A patent/EP4214444B1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4214444C0 (de) | 2025-03-12 |
| DE102020124544A1 (de) | 2022-03-24 |
| EP4214444B1 (de) | 2025-03-12 |
| WO2022058612A1 (de) | 2022-03-24 |
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