EP4200936A1 - Antenne - Google Patents
AntenneInfo
- Publication number
- EP4200936A1 EP4200936A1 EP21758119.8A EP21758119A EP4200936A1 EP 4200936 A1 EP4200936 A1 EP 4200936A1 EP 21758119 A EP21758119 A EP 21758119A EP 4200936 A1 EP4200936 A1 EP 4200936A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiator
- antenna
- posts
- face
- electrically conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a broadband dipole antenna with longitudinal inhomogeneity, in particular a biconical antenna.
- the bandwidth of broadband dipole antennas with an inhomogeneity in the longitudinal direction essentially depends on the length, the angle (in the biconical antenna) or more generally the shape of the inhomogeneity and the height of the two radiators. Therefore, these antennas can take on quite large dimensions if the antennas are to transmit and receive broadband. However, there are installation situations, especially on watercraft, where there is not enough space to integrate a biconical broadband antenna.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to create an improved concept for broadband dipole antennas with inhomogeneity in the longitudinal direction.
- the broadband dipole antenna with an inhomogeneity in the longitudinal direction is also referred to simply as a dipole antenna.
- the classic dipole with two cylinders as the radiator.
- Exemplary embodiments show an antenna with a first and a second radiator, which are each designed to emit and/or receive electromagnetic radiation.
- the first and second radiators are each tapered.
- the tapering of the radiators leads to an inhomogeneity of the antenna longitudinal direction.
- a first face of the first radiator is located at the taper of the first radiator and a first face of the second radiator is located at the taper of the second radiator.
- the first end face of the first radiator is arranged opposite the first end face of the second radiator.
- Two radiators arranged in this way are called a dipole.
- a tapered radiator may be biconical in shape, elliptical in shape, or hemispherical in shape.
- the diameter is advantageously measured perpendicular to the direction in which the first and second radiators are (sequentially) arranged. This means that it is also possible for the radiators to taper towards the second end face. Typically, however, the degree of taper towards the first end face is greater than towards the second end face. Furthermore, the antenna typically has a mirror-symmetrical design.
- the radiators i.e. the dipole
- an electrical line can be routed through the first radiator, which makes contact with the first and/or the second electrical radiator on the first end face.
- the electrical line can be a coaxial line, the outer conductor of which contacts one radiator and the inner conductor of which contacts the other radiator (asymmetrical contacting, single ended feeding).
- a further electrical line can be provided in addition to the electrical line, with the electrical line making contact with one radiator and the further electrical line making contact with the other radiator.
- the electrical lines are also designed as a coaxial line in this case, so that the inner conductors of the two electrical lines each make contact with a radiator.
- the signal can be generated for both lines using a balun (balun).
- the electrical line and/or the further electrical line can be a coaxial line.
- the antenna further includes first and second electrically conductive plates.
- the first electrically conductive plate is arranged on a second face of the first radiator and the second electrically conductive plate is arranged on a second face of the second radiator.
- the two radiators are arranged between the two plates. Between the first conductive plate and the first radiator and between the second conductive plate and the second radiator there is an absence of electrical connection. An air gap or an electrically insulating material is therefore arranged between the plates and the radiators.
- the idea of the present invention is to reduce the volume of the broadband antenna while maintaining the bandwidth of the antenna. It has been shown that the arrangement of the radiators between the electrically conductive plates results in a frequency shift of the resonant frequency of the broadband antenna towards lower frequencies. This means that signals of a lower frequency can be radiated with the same antenna. Thus, the size of the radiator can be significantly reduced. Another advantage of this antenna is its immunity to interference from objects located outside of the two electrically conductive plates. This antenna can thus advantageously be used in a multifunction antenna. Further antennas can be arranged above and/or below the antenna, which transmit or receive in other frequency ranges.
- the first electrically conductive plate completely covers at least the second end face of the first radiator and the second electrically conductive plate completely covers at least the second end face of the second radiator.
- a diameter of the first conductive plate is larger than a (in particular maximum) diameter of the first radiator.
- the diameter is advantageously measured perpendicular to the direction in which the first and second radiators are (sequentially) arranged.
- a projection of the first radiator into the plane of the conductive first plate is smaller than the conductive first plate. The same applies to the second radiator and the second plate. In this way, the effect that the radiators become smaller is fully exploited.
- the first and second electrically conductive plates are connected by a plurality of posts.
- the posts pass through a surface of the first and second radiators.
- the posts of the plurality of posts are thus typically within a perpendicular projection of the second end face of the first or the second radiator arranged.
- the posts rest on the first and second electrically conductive plates. The posts stabilize the antenna, allowing it to withstand greater mechanical loads.
- the posts offer further advantages in different embodiments of the antenna.
- the posts may be electrically conductive, i.e., include or consist of an electrically conductive material.
- the antenna impedance can then be adjusted using the posts.
- This process is also known as antenna tuning.
- the posts influence the feed point resistance of the antenna and thus have an influence on the frequencies that can be preferentially radiated with the antenna.
- the bandwidth of the antenna is influenced by the poles. Skilful positioning of the posts can therefore not or only insignificantly influence the radiation characteristics of the antenna compared to an antenna without posts, but the antenna can also have the advantages described by means of the posts.
- the posts are advantageously electrically conductive.
- the posts form an adjustable parameter for the antenna, through which the above properties can be adjusted.
- the symmetrical arrangement of the posts means, for example, that an angle between adjacent posts is the same for all posts in the plurality of posts.
- the plane in which the angle is measured is advantageously perpendicular to the direction in which the radiators are (sequentially) arranged.
- the posts of the plurality of posts have the absence of an electrical connection to the first and the second radiator. Otherwise, an electrical connection between the electrically conductive plates and the radiators would be established by means of the electrically conductive posts, which is not desirable.
- the posts can be hollow.
- an electrical line can be passed through a post of the plurality of posts in order to contact the electrical component.
- the electrical line is then routed eccentrically, i.e. not through the center of the radiator, which would result in parasitic resonances or as a result of which the antenna may be mismatched, which in each case has a disadvantageous effect on the properties of the antenna. Due to the fact that the electrical line for contacting the electrical component is routed eccentrically, these high-frequency effects are reduced or even avoided. The radiation characteristic of the antenna is thus (essentially) retained, even though an electrical line is routed through the antenna.
- the electrical component is, for example, a further antenna, for example a GPS antenna (GPS: Global Positioning System) or a collinear antenna arrangement. An antenna array or a multifunction antenna can thus be obtained.
- the number of posts of the plurality of posts is advantageously at least three. In this way, the advantages mentioned occur significantly.
- the resulting antenna can be operated in a frequency range between 950MHz and 1275MHz. Furthermore, the antenna can have a distance of less than 60 mm, preferably less than 55 mm, for example 51 mm, between the first and the second plate. An antenna with the same characteristics without the two electrically conductive plates would be at least 76mm in size and thus approx. 50% larger (assuming a fault-free biconical dipole).
- the antenna can be operated as a vertically polarized dipole antenna with omnidirectional radiation characteristics in azimuth.
- the dipole antenna makes the dipole antenna an ideal multifunctional antenna.
- Known broadband dipole antennas with an inhomogeneity in the longitudinal direction radiate asymmetrically when in your Environment is another object, such as another antenna.
- the present broadband dipole antenna continues to radiate symmetrically, even if further antennas are arranged above and/or below.
- any selection of the following components of the antenna that are not electrically connected to one another can be mechanically connected by means of a plastic: the electrically conductive plates with the respective adjacent radiator (on the second end face), both radiators (between the first end faces), the radiators with the post.
- a plastic for example, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE) or another non-conductive plastic is used as the plastic.
- a dielectric material is arranged between the first end face of the first radiator and the first end face of the second radiator. This is advantageous because the mechanical stability of the antenna is increased and electrical flashovers are avoided when using high transmission powers.
- the dielectric material also provides an additional possibility of adjusting the antenna input impedance. It is thus possible to adjust the antenna input impedance by means of the dielectric material alone, or when using electrically conductive posts in addition to these.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, commonly known as Teflon) can be used as a dielectric material, for example.
- a method for manufacturing an antenna comprising the steps of: arranging a first and a second radiator between a first and a second electrically conductive plate such that there is an absence of an electrical connection between the first conductive plate and the first radiator and that between there is an absence of electrical connection between the second conductive plate and the second radiator, the first and second radiators each being tapered to one end and the tapered ends facing one another.
- Fig. 1 a schematic side view of an antenna in an embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the antenna in a further exemplary embodiment
- Fig. 3 a schematic perspective representation of a first and a second radiator of the antenna of the embodiment of Fig. 2.
- the antenna 20 has a first radiator 22a and a second radiator 22b.
- the radiators 22a, 22b are each designed to emit and/or receive electromagnetic radiation. Both radiators 22a, 22b are arranged in such a way that a taper, which the radiators 22a, 22b each have, is opposite to one another. If the radiators taper in two directions, the two narrower ends of the radiators face each other.
- the end of the respective radiator 22a, 22b is referred to as the first end face 24a, 24b, the opposite end of the respective radiator 22a, 22b as the second end face 26a, 26b.
- the radiators 22a, 22b are arranged between a first conductive plate 28a and a second conductive plate 28b. That is, the first conductive plate 28a is located on the second end face 26a of the first radiator and the second conductive one Plate 28b is located on the second face 26b of the second radiator 22b.
- Spaces 30a, 30b between the plates 28a, 28b and the radiators 22a, 22b can be filled with an electrically insulating material, for example a corresponding plastic. In this way, a mechanical connection can be established between the radiators and the panels.
- both radiators exhibit the absence of an electrical connection to each other.
- an electrically insulating material for example a corresponding plastic, can also be arranged in a gap 30c between the first end faces 24a, 24b.
- the radiators 22a, 22b form a biconical antenna.
- the antenna 20 or at least the radiators 22a, 22b has mirror symmetry with respect to a mirror plane 32.
- the mirror plane 32 advantageously runs in the direction (y-direction) in which the first and second radiators are arranged (sequentially).
- a further mirror plane perpendicular to the direction (y-direction) in which the first and the second emitter are (sequentially) arranged between the first and the second emitter 22a, 22b (i.e. in the x-direction) get lost.
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the antenna 20 in a side view. Electrically non-conductive materials in the form of an intermediate layer 30a', 30b', 30c' are now introduced here in the former gaps.
- the antenna 20 has a plurality of posts 34 (here four posts 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d).
- the posts 34 connect the first electrically conductive plate 28a to the second electrically conductive plate 28b.
- this is a mechanical connection to increase the stability of the antenna 20 .
- the posts 34 can be electrically conductive. They then create a load on the antenna 20 so that by means of the diameter and/or position of the posts the antenna can be tuned (tuning the antenna).
- the posts are arranged symmetrically.
- the posts are perpendicular between the first and second conductive plates. This offers the greatest possible mechanical stability and an otherwise possible asymmetrical wave propagation is prevented.
- At least a first post 34a of the plurality of posts 34 can be hollow on the inside.
- a line 36 which (electrically) contacts an electrical component 38 can be routed through the first post 34a. If the posts 34a are electrically non-conductive, it is advantageous to run an electrical wire through each of the posts to avoid unbalanced loading of the antenna. If the posts are electrically conductive, the cables for the load on the antenna are negligible.
- the electrical component 38 is, for example, a further radiator, so that the antenna 20 is a multifunction antenna.
- Line 36 is typically a coaxial line.
- the line 36 can be passed through a corresponding guide tube 36'.
- a plurality of lines can be routed in the guide tube 36', for example also a line for contacting the first radiator 22a and the second radiator 22b.
- the guide tube 36' is arranged centrally, for example. However, it is also possible to arrange the guide tube 36' eccentrically, for example below the post 34a through which the line 36 is guided.
- the line 36 can then be routed straight throughout and does not need to be routed around a curve.
- the posts 34 have no electrical connection to the radiators 22a, 22b. At the point where the posts pass through the surface of the respective radiator, the posts are at a distance from the surface of the respective radiator.
- the resulting space can also be filled with a non-electrically conductive material, like the spaces 30a, 30b, 30c from FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 shows the radiators 22a, 22b of the antenna according to the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 2. It is clear here that the radiators 22a, 22b each have openings 40 in their surface, through which the posts can pass.
- the openings 40 are slightly larger in diameter than the diameters of the posts to prevent the posts from touching or interfering with the radiators 22a, 22b Space remains, which can be filled with an electrically non-conductive material.
- aspects have been described in the context of a device, it is understood that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a component of a device is also to be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects that have been described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device.
Landscapes
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020210514.6A DE102020210514A1 (de) | 2020-08-19 | 2020-08-19 | Antenne |
| PCT/EP2021/072322 WO2022038004A1 (de) | 2020-08-19 | 2021-08-10 | Antenne |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4200936A1 true EP4200936A1 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
Family
ID=77411729
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21758119.8A Pending EP4200936A1 (de) | 2020-08-19 | 2021-08-10 | Antenne |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4200936A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102814222B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020210514A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022038004A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6268834B1 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-07-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Inductively shorted bicone antenna |
| US8576135B1 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2013-11-05 | Olympus Corporation | Bicone antenna |
| JP2015103912A (ja) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-06-04 | 日本放送協会 | バイコニカルアンテナ |
| JP6762886B2 (ja) | 2017-01-27 | 2020-09-30 | 株式会社東芝 | アンテナ及びアンテナモジュール |
-
2020
- 2020-08-19 DE DE102020210514.6A patent/DE102020210514A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-08-10 KR KR1020237000797A patent/KR102814222B1/ko active Active
- 2021-08-10 WO PCT/EP2021/072322 patent/WO2022038004A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-08-10 EP EP21758119.8A patent/EP4200936A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020210514A1 (de) | 2022-02-24 |
| WO2022038004A1 (de) | 2022-02-24 |
| KR102814222B1 (ko) | 2025-05-28 |
| KR20230019978A (ko) | 2023-02-09 |
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| RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
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