EP4198318A1 - Elektrischer ventilator - Google Patents

Elektrischer ventilator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4198318A1
EP4198318A1 EP22213090.8A EP22213090A EP4198318A1 EP 4198318 A1 EP4198318 A1 EP 4198318A1 EP 22213090 A EP22213090 A EP 22213090A EP 4198318 A1 EP4198318 A1 EP 4198318A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hub
bottom part
impeller
disc
ventilator according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22213090.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4198318B1 (de
Inventor
Pietro De Filippis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SPAL Automotive SRL
Original Assignee
SPAL Automotive SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SPAL Automotive SRL filed Critical SPAL Automotive SRL
Publication of EP4198318A1 publication Critical patent/EP4198318A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4198318B1 publication Critical patent/EP4198318B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/325—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans
    • F04D29/329—Details of the hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F04D25/082—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit having provision for cooling the motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/325—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans
    • F04D29/326—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans comprising a rotating shroud
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05D2260/2214—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface
    • F05D2260/22141—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface using fins or ribs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electric ventilator intended for motor vehicles and other automotive applications for removing heat from radiating bodies and the like.
  • electric ventilators comprise an electric motor for driving the impeller, an impeller and what is known as a "duct" which supports the motor and allows installing the electric ventilator where required; the assembly made up of the electric ventilator and the corresponding duct is also called ventilating unit or module.
  • the structure of the electric motor comprises a casing, either sealed or open, which houses an electric motor with a conductive winding and, where necessary, electronic drive circuitry.
  • the winding has an electrical current flowing in it and this, through the Joule effect, produces heat which propagates to the entire winding and to adjacent parts of the electric machine.
  • our intention is to propose an electric ventilator capable of meeting the above mentioned need.
  • this invention has for an aim to provide an efficiently cooled electric ventilator even for relatively high power ratings and to increase the working life thereof.
  • an electric ventilator comprising an impeller and an electric motor for driving the impeller.
  • the impeller comprises a hub having a cup-shaped structure defined by a bottom part, which is transverse to an axis of rotation of the impeller, and a side wall, which extends axially from the bottom part.
  • the bottom part comprises a radially internal, central portion, a radially external, outer portion and an intermediate portion for connecting the central portion and the outer portion to each other.
  • the impeller comprises a plurality of blades extending radially from the side wall of the hub and a disc-shaped element that is integral with the hub and disposed on the opposite side of the side wall with respect to the bottom part.
  • the disc-shaped element is spaced from the bottom part of the hub to delimit an annular gap therewith.
  • the bottom part of the hub is provided with a plurality of holes defining a first passage between the inside of the cup-shaped structure and the annular gap.
  • the hub and the disc-shaped element delimit a second passage or mouth between the gap and the outside of the cup-shaped structure.
  • the maximum diameter of the disc-shaped element is greater than the maximum diameter of the side wall.
  • the disc-shaped element comprises a curved peripheral surface with concavity facing towards the side wall and the blades of the axial impeller.
  • the holes are made in the intermediate portion of the bottom part of the hub.
  • the disc-shaped element is integral with the central portion or the outer portion of the bottom part of the hub.
  • the central portion is spaced outwards, away from the outer portion of the cup-shaped structure along the axis of the impeller, in particular when the disc-shaped element is integral with the central portion of the bottom part.
  • the axial impeller comprises a plurality of blades, disposed in the gap.
  • the bottom part of the hub, the blades in the gap and the disc-shaped element define a centrifugal impeller which has an axial inlet defined by the holes in the central portion of the hub (that is to say, by the first passage) and a radial outlet defined by the second passage.
  • the blades of the centrifugal impeller extend from the central portion to the outer portion of the bottom part of the hub.
  • the blades of the centrifugal impeller are made as a single part with the hub or with the disc-shaped element.
  • the electric motor comprises a thermally conductive casing, a stator and a rotor, both fitted in the casing, and a shroud that is coupled to the casing to form an enclosure for the stator and the rotor.
  • the impeller is coupled to the rotor through the bottom part of the hub and the motor is at least partly housed in the hub of the impeller, inside the cup-shaped structure.
  • the casing comprises a front wall that is fitted in the cup-shaped structure and faces the bottom part of the hub, and a side wall that is surrounded at least partly by the side wall of the hub.
  • the electric motor comprises a plurality of heat dissipating fins formed in the front wall and facing towards the bottom part of the hub. The dissipating fins are shaped in such a way as to define channels for conveying air towards the holes in the bottom part of the hub.
  • the numeral 1 denotes a ventilating unit or module.
  • the unit 1 hereinafter described only insofar as necessary for understanding this invention, essentially comprises an axial impeller 100, an electric motor 200 for driving the impeller and a duct 300 for supporting the electric motor 200.
  • the electric motor 200 is a brushless, internal rotor motor comprising electronic drive circuitry also integrated in it.
  • the impeller 100 comprises a hub 101 for coupling to the motor 200.
  • the hub 101 has a cup-shaped structure defined by a bottom part 102, transverse to an axis of rotation R of the impeller, and by a side wall 103 extending axially from the bottom part 102.
  • the part 102 comprises a radially internal, central portion 102a, a radially external, outer portion 102b and an intermediate portion 102c for connecting the central portion 102a and the outer portion 102b to each other.
  • the part 102 and the wall 103 are joined along a rounded edge 104 provided with exhaust holes 105 for removing any impurities that may be present inside the hub 101.
  • the part 102 is provided with a plurality of holes 106 formed in particular in the intermediate portion 102c.
  • the holes 106 define arms 107 which, in the hub 101, preferably constitute elastoplastic blades of the kind described in application WO2017021935 which is incorporated herein by reference for completeness of description.
  • the central portion 102a is spaced outwardly away from the outer portion 102b of the cup-shaped structure along the axis of rotation R of the impeller.
  • the intermediate portion 102c is substantially conical. In alternative embodiments not illustrated, the intermediate portion 102c is orthogonal to the axis of rotation R of the impeller 100.
  • the impeller 100 comprises blades 108 that extend radially from the side wall 103 of the hub 101 and are made as a single part therewith.
  • the impeller 100 comprises an element 109 that is integral with the hub 101.
  • the element 109 is in the form of a plate or disc or the like and is disc shaped.
  • the element 109 is circular.
  • the element 109 is polygonal and may have the shape of a regular polygon.
  • the element 109 defines a protective cover placed over the holes 106 and is hereinafter called disc-shaped element 109.
  • the disc-shaped element 109 is coaxial with the hub 101 and, more specifically, with the side wall 103 thereof.
  • the disc-shaped element 109 has a maximum diameter D that is greater than the maximum diameter d of the side wall 103.
  • the maximum diameter D of the disc-shaped element 109 is substantially the same as the maximum diameter d of the side wall 103.
  • the disc-shaped element 109 is disposed on the opposite side of the side wall 103 with respect to the bottom part 102 and is spaced from the bottom part 102 so as to delimit a gap 110 therewith.
  • the gap 110 is annular and extends from the central portion 102a of the part 102 to the side wall 103 of the hub 101.
  • the axial width of the gap 110 depends on the cooling requirements of the application (usually a few millimetres, for example, between 1 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 10 mm).
  • the holes 106 define a passage between the inside of the cup-shaped structure of the hub 101 and the gap 110.
  • the hub 101 and the disc-shaped element 109 delimit a substantially annular passage or mouth 112 between the gap 110 and the outside of the cup-shaped structure, that is, towards the outside of the hub 101 itself.
  • the disc-shaped element 109 comprises a curved peripheral surface 113 with concavity facing towards the side wall 103 and the blades 108.
  • the mouth 112 faces towards the side wall 103.
  • the disc-shaped element 109 is integral with the central portion 102a.
  • FIG. 6 Illustrated by way of example in Figure 6 is a fastening mechanism 114 for locking the disc-shaped 109 to the central portion 102a of the hub 101.
  • the disc-shaped element 109 is integral with the outer portion 102b.
  • the disc-shaped element 109 is integral with only one between the central portion 102a and the outer portion 102b, so that the arms 107 are free to apply a vibration damping action as described in the aforementioned application WO2017021935 .
  • the impeller 100 comprises a plurality of blades 115 which are disposed in the gap 110.
  • the blades 115 are of the "backward” type, while in alternative embodiments not illustrated, they may be of the “forward” or “radial” type, based on the application of the ventilating unit 1.
  • the blades 115 extend preferably between the central portion 102a and the outer portion 102b of the bottom part 102 of the hub 101.
  • the blades 115 in the example illustrated, comprise blades 115a that extend from the central portion 102a to the outer portion 102b up to the maximum diameter of the bottom part 102.
  • the blades 115 comprise blades 115b that are shorter than the blades 115a and do not extend on the whole of the intermediate portion 102c of the bottom portion 102.
  • the blades 115, 115a and/or 115b may extend beyond the edge of the bottom part 102, even as far as the maximum diameter D of the disc-shaped element 109.
  • the blades 115a each extend directly from and/or at an arm 107.
  • the blades 115a are made as a single part with the hub 101 and the disc-shaped element 109 is joined to the hub 101 by the blades 115.
  • the blades 115 are made as a single part with the disc-shaped element 109.
  • the impeller 100 of Figures 3 to 7 may also be provided with the blades 115 in the gap 110.
  • the bottom part 102 of the hub 101, the blades 115 and the disc-shaped element 109 define a centrifugal impeller 116 having an axial inlet, defined by the passage 111, that is, by the holes 106, and a radial outlet, defined by the passage or mouth 112.
  • the impeller 100 comprises vanes 117 inside the hub 101 which, in use, as described in more detail below, generate a whirling air motion around the motor 200 which is at least partly housed in the hub 101.
  • the vanes 117 are of substantially known type and extend predominantly axially and radially.
  • the impeller 100 comprises vanes 118 inside the hub 101 which, in use, generate around the motor 200, which is at least partly housed in the hub 101, a whirling air motion also having an axial component.
  • the vanes 118 extend predominantly axially and in a direction that is inclined to a tangential direction at a leading angle between 5° and 45°, preferably between 10° and 20°.
  • the vanes 118 are straight. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the vanes 118 have a wing profile with a leading angle between 5° and 45°, preferably between 10° and 20°.
  • the motor 200 comprises a thermally conductive casing 201, for example, made of aluminium or other metal, and a thermally conductive shroud 202, for example, made of aluminium or other metal, coupled to the casing 201 to form an enclosure which, in the example illustrated, is sealedly closed.
  • the motor 200 comprises a stator 203, a rotor and electronic drive circuitry, not illustrated, housed in the closed enclosure.
  • the casing 201 comprises a front wall 204 that is fitted in the cup-shaped structure of the hub 101 and faces the bottom part 102 of the hub 101; and a side wall 205 that is surrounded at least partly by the side wall 103 of the hub 101.
  • the electric motor 200 comprises a plurality of heat dissipating fins 206 formed in the front wall 204 and facing towards the bottom part 102 of the hub 101.
  • the fins 206 are shaped in such a way as to define channels 207 for conveying air from the side wall 205 of the casing towards the holes 106 in the bottom part 102 of the hub 101.
  • the fins 206 are shaped in such a way that the air is taken in and accompanied towards the centre of the casing, where a radiused surface 208, also preferably formed in the front wall 204 of the casing 201, directs it axially towards the inlet 106 of the centrifugal impeller 116.
  • the heat exchanger 400 is located on the intake side of the impeller 100 and the flow sucked in is labelled F1.
  • the impeller 100 produces a higher pressure in the rear part of the motor 200, hence the air makes its way between the motor 200 and the hub 101 of the impeller to escape through the front holes 106, thereby defining a cooling flow F2.
  • the centrifugal impeller 106 contributes to sucking in the flow F2 in that, through the holes at the front of the hub, it takes in the air entering the hub of the impeller 100 and lets it out in the radial direction.
  • the peripheral portion of the disc-shaped element with concavity facing towards the hub is configured to produce, together with the geometry of the hub itself, in particular at its outside diameter, a "diffuser" facing in the same direction as the air entering the impeller 100.
  • This design produces a Venturi suction effect which pulls air in through the mouth 112 by way of the holes 106, thus contributing to the flow F2.
  • the main flow F3 creates a negative pressure at the mouth 112 so the motor cooling air also circulates under dynamic conditions, in the same way as it does under static conditions.
  • the dynamics of the vehicle in any case help the motor cooling air to circulate by pulling the air in at the outlet of the gap.
  • the impeller does not act as a suction element, since the dynamics of the vehicle push in more air than the electric ventilator can manage.
  • the electric ventilator instead of being a means of suction, becomes a resistance and the pressure immediately downstream of the exchanger is not negative, but positive.
  • the direction of the flow F2 would be inverted.
  • the disc-shaped element and the gap promote the circulation of the cooling air which flows along the motor casing in the same direction at all times, without ever stopping, whatever the speed of the vehicle.
  • the fins on the front wall of the casing increase the heat exchange surface of the casing by 40%, thus enhancing the cooling effect that the system has on the electric motor.
  • the preferred shape of the fins allows the air to be pulled in towards the holes in the hub, forcing it to also flow along the front wall of the casing at the stator windings.
  • the holes in the bottom part of the hub are preferably at the centre, not only because of how the centrifugal impeller works but also because they force the air to touch the casing at the stator windings, which produce up to 50% and more of the heat generated by the motor.
  • the vanes provided inside the hub direct the air flow and give it a tangential component which is added to the axial component and increases the coefficient of heat exchange between the motor and the air, hence improving the cooling effect.
  • the vanes push the air also with a centripetal speed component.
  • centripetal component pushes the air towards the centre of the casing, into the air conveying channels, if provided, and towards the holes in the bottom part of the hub, thus contributing to the circulation F2.
  • This solution allows obtaining a better cooling effect on the motor compared to prior art solutions because it creates a greater air flow at a greater speed.
  • This air flow always enters the gap between motor and hub on the opposite side with respect to the heat exchanger, hence at the lowest temperature possible.
  • the cooling air always circulates in the same direction, under all vehicle operating conditions.
  • the disc-shaped element constitutes a cover for the holes in the hub and, besides the fluid dynamic function mentioned, prevents dust and other extraneous bodies from entering the hub.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP22213090.8A 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Elektrischer ventilator Active EP4198318B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000031481A IT202100031481A1 (it) 2021-12-15 2021-12-15 Ventola assiale

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4198318A1 true EP4198318A1 (de) 2023-06-21
EP4198318B1 EP4198318B1 (de) 2025-11-05

Family

ID=80448561

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22213090.8A Active EP4198318B1 (de) 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Elektrischer ventilator

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP4198318B1 (de)
IT (1) IT202100031481A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102024107338A1 (de) * 2024-03-14 2025-09-18 Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Lüfter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5944497A (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-08-31 Siemens Canada Limited Fan assembly having an air directing member to cool a motor
US5967764A (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-10-19 Bosch Automotive Systems Corporation Axial fan with self-cooled motor
US20160290346A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Sanyo Denki Co., Ltd. Impeller and fan device
WO2017021935A1 (en) 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Spal Automotive S.R.L. Axial fan
US20210218315A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2021-07-15 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Fan device for a motor vehicle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5967764A (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-10-19 Bosch Automotive Systems Corporation Axial fan with self-cooled motor
US5944497A (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-08-31 Siemens Canada Limited Fan assembly having an air directing member to cool a motor
US20160290346A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Sanyo Denki Co., Ltd. Impeller and fan device
WO2017021935A1 (en) 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Spal Automotive S.R.L. Axial fan
US20210218315A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2021-07-15 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Fan device for a motor vehicle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102024107338A1 (de) * 2024-03-14 2025-09-18 Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Lüfter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4198318B1 (de) 2025-11-05
IT202100031481A1 (it) 2023-06-15

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