EP4196361A1 - Verfahren zur steuerung eines elektromotorischen antriebs eines kraftfahrzeugs - Google Patents
Verfahren zur steuerung eines elektromotorischen antriebs eines kraftfahrzeugsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4196361A1 EP4196361A1 EP21755766.9A EP21755766A EP4196361A1 EP 4196361 A1 EP4196361 A1 EP 4196361A1 EP 21755766 A EP21755766 A EP 21755766A EP 4196361 A1 EP4196361 A1 EP 4196361A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electric motor
- operating mode
- vehicle wheel
- efficiency
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/16—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/006—Dynamic electric braking by reversing current, i.e. plugging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/02—Dynamic electric resistor braking
- B60L7/06—Dynamic electric resistor braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/22—Dynamic electric resistor braking, combined with dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/14—Acceleration
- B60L2240/16—Acceleration longitudinal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/423—Torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/425—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/26—Driver interactions by pedal actuation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling an electric motor drive of a motor vehicle and a corresponding electric motor drive.
- friction brakes have now reached a satisfactory level in terms of their reliability, thanks in part to the use of known and proven technology in a well-defined environment.
- friction brakes still have disadvantages. They contribute a not inconsiderable part to the total mass of a vehicle, with a large part of the mass contributed by the friction brakes being unsprung masses. A large part of these unsprung masses is due to the fact that the brakes must also be dimensioned for long braking processes in order to maintain the speed of a possibly very long downhill ride. An example of this would be the descent from the Principalglockner at a constant speed. For this reason, friction brakes also require installation space in the vehicle that is not negligible.
- deceleration of the vehicle by means of the drive train according to the prior art usually lacks the reliability given for friction brakes.
- the problem arises that energy can no longer be recuperated if there is insufficient capacity in a battery of the electric motor drive, so that this possibility of decelerating the vehicle is no longer available.
- the connection between the electric motor drive and the battery for feeding back electrical energy is interrupted, for example due to a defect.
- a large number of components of the vehicle are involved in such a deceleration by means of recuperation, so that even if one of the components fails, deceleration by means of recuperation is no longer possible.
- the present invention is based on the object of specifying a method for controlling an electric motor drive and a corresponding electric motor drive which overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention relates to a method for controlling an electric motor drive of a motor vehicle using a control device, wherein at least one vehicle wheel of the motor vehicle can be driven by an electric motor of the electric motor drive and wherein the electric motor drive has at least one energy source for the electric motor.
- the method includes the execution of the following steps by the control unit:
- the electric motor In a first operating mode from the possible operating modes of the electric motor, the electric motor is controlled in such a way that the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel is converted into electrical energy with a first efficiency. In a second operating mode from the possible operating modes of the electric motor, however, the electric motor is controlled in such a way that the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel is converted into electrical energy with a second efficiency, the second efficiency being lower than the first efficiency.
- the invention is based on the idea of using the electric motor, for example in the event of insufficient capacity of the energy source, to generate a deceleration torque on a vehicle wheel in a recuperation mode such that the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel in question is only converted to a very small proportion into electrical energy. Due to the reduced efficiency of the recuperation operation in the second operating mode, a large part of the rotational energy is to be converted into heat, which occurs in the electric motor and its periphery, in particular its power electronics, and due to existing cooling of the electric motor can be dissipated. Thus, a permanent deceleration torque can be provided by the electric motor without recourse to the battery, which is essentially limited by the cooling capacity of the cooling of the electric motor.
- the method described can be implemented solely from the electric motor drive, so that no interactions with other systems of the vehicle are necessary. Such interactions are usually a potential source of error that could jeopardize the reliability of such an approach.
- the reliable provision of a defined deceleration torque by the electric motor drive in turn makes it possible to dimension the vehicle's friction brakes smaller, since the electric motor can reliably contribute a certain proportion of the deceleration power.
- a “deceleration moment” is to be understood very generally as a torque which is directed in the opposite direction to a direction of rotation of a vehicle wheel, which would therefore lead to a slowing down of its rotation in the absence of other forces.
- the application of such a deceleration torque to a vehicle wheel is not to be equated with a deceleration of the vehicle per se.
- other forces acting on the vehicle such as a downhill slope force, can result in the speed of a vehicle not decreasing despite the deceleration torque caused by the electric motor, but possibly even increasing it.
- a request to apply a deceleration torque to a vehicle wheel can be triggered, for example, by the actuation of a brake pedal by a vehicle driver. Furthermore, it is also possible that such a request is triggered by a driving function of the vehicle, such as by a cruise control system or a function for controlled downhill driving (Hill Descent Control).
- a driving function of the vehicle such as by a cruise control system or a function for controlled downhill driving (Hill Descent Control).
- the method according to the invention can be transferred to any constellation of vehicle wheels, electric motors and energy sources.
- the method can also be used in a motor vehicle in which each vehicle wheel is driven by an electric motor, with the motors being supplied with energy from a number of energy sources. It can be provided in particular that the electric motors assigned to a front axle of a vehicle are connected to a first energy source, while the electric motors assigned to a rear axle of the vehicle are connected to a second energy source. In this case, in the context of the method, it can also happen in particular that the electric motors on the front axle are operated in a different operating mode than the electric motors on the rear axle.
- An “electric motor” is generally understood to mean any type of electric motor that is suitable for using electrical energy to cause a torque on a vehicle wheel and vice versa, by appropriate control, to convert a torque taken from a vehicle wheel into electrical energy.
- An “energy source” for the electric motor can be a battery, for example.
- an “operating mode” within the meaning of the invention, or activating an electric motor in such an operating mode is to be understood as meaning a targeted activation of the electric motor with parameters predetermined by the selected operating mode.
- an operating mode can be used to specify how and when the voltages of the commutation blocks are switched.
- the course of the voltages in the commutation blocks that is to say the specific signal form of the voltages, can also be predetermined by the operating mode.
- the parameters of the operating modes are selected in such a way that the resulting efficiencies of the electric motor in the conversion of rotational energy of the vehicle wheel into electrical energy already differ between the operating modes simply because of the selected parameters.
- the electrical energy is supplied to the energy source in the first operating mode. This is therefore a recuperation of the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel, with which the energy source, in particular a battery, is recharged.
- the operating mode of the electric motor is selected depending on previously determined status information of the electric motor drive.
- the status information includes at least one state of charge of the energy source and/or a temperature of the energy source and/or a temperature of the electric motor and/or a temperature of other components of the electromotive drive.
- the other components of the electric motor drive can be, for example, the power electronics of the drive, in particular an inverter for converting a DC voltage provided by the energy source into an AC voltage required for the operation of the electric motor.
- the electric motor when the energy source is in a state of charge that does not correspond to a fully charged energy source, the electric motor is preferably operated in the first operating mode, so that the largest possible part of the rotational energy taken from the vehicle wheel is converted into electrical energy. It is preferably also taken into account whether the energy source is suitable for receiving electrical energy based on its current temperature.
- the status information can also identify error statuses of individual components of the electromotive drive. For example, it can also be provided that the electric motor is operated in the second operating mode when it has been determined that the connection between the electric motor and the energy source is defective or interrupted, so that electrical energy cannot be fed back into the energy source.
- the electric motor when selecting the operating modes, it is also taken into account whether the electric motor is able, for example due to its current temperature, to dissipate the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel as thermal energy.
- the temperatures of other components of the electric motor drive, in particular the power electronics of the electric motor are also preferably taken into account, which also limit operation of the electric motor in the second operating mode, in which the electric motor is used to dissipate thermal energy.
- the second efficiency depends on the state of charge and/or the temperature of the energy source. For example, provision can be made for the second operating mode to be used when the energy source is almost fully charged. In this case, a recuperation of rotational energy of the vehicle wheel in the energy source is still useful, so that the second efficiency should not be too low. It can also be provided that the second efficiency scales continuously with the current state of charge of the energy source, so that the second efficiency decreases continuously as the energy source is charged. Furthermore, provision can also be made here for the lowest possible second efficiency to be set despite a slight discharge of the energy source, since electrical energy cannot be returned to the energy source due to the current temperature of the energy source.
- the first efficiency is the greatest possible efficiency for converting the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel into electrical energy and that the second efficiency is the lowest possible efficiency for converting the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel into electrical energy the electric motor operates.
- the motor vehicle has at least one heating circuit, heat generated during operation of the electric motor in the second operating mode being supplied to the heating circuit.
- the heating circuit can contain, for example, heating of a passenger compartment of the motor vehicle, so that the heat generated by the electric motor when the vehicle is decelerating can be used to heat the passenger compartment.
- another embodiment also provides that the previously described operating mode in a third operating mode from the possible operating modes of the electric motor
- Electric motor is controlled in such a way that it applies the deceleration torque to the vehicle wheel using electrical energy provided by the energy source.
- the electric motor is therefore actively energized so that it can cause a deceleration torque on the vehicle wheel.
- thermal energy occurs in the electric motor due to the active energization of the motor, while at the same time the rotational energy extracted from the vehicle wheel occurs as heat in the electric motor.
- This operation can be used, for example, when a large amount of heat is required despite only a slight deceleration request, for example to heat up the passenger compartment of the vehicle quickly, or to bring the electric motor drive to operating temperature.
- the energy source is at least slightly discharged in this operating mode, so that a subsequent deceleration request can be carried out in the first operating mode.
- absorption capacities of other electrical consumers of the motor vehicle for the absorption of electrical energy are taken into account.
- operation of the electric motor in the first operating mode can be useful if the here electrical energy generated can be removed by other electrical consumers of the motor vehicle.
- An air conditioner or an electric heater, for example, can be mentioned here as an electrical consumer.
- the electric motor is a brushless DC motor with power electronics for providing an operating voltage for the DC motor, wherein to control the electric motor in the different operating modes, only a control of the power electronics is adapted to the selected operating mode .
- the invention in a further aspect, relates to an electric motor drive for a motor vehicle with an electric motor, an energy source for the electric motor and a control device for the electric motor.
- the control unit is designed to determine a request to apply a deceleration torque to a vehicle wheel connected to the electric motor, to determine status information of the electric motor drive, to determine an operating mode of the electric motor from at least two possible operating modes of the electric motor depending on the status information determined, and to determine the To control the electric motor in the selected operating mode for acting on the vehicle wheel with the deceleration torque.
- the electric motor In a first operating mode from the possible operating modes of the electric motor, the electric motor is controlled in such a way that the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel is converted into electrical energy with a first efficiency, and in a second operating mode from the possible operating modes of the electric motor, the electric motor is controlled in such a way that the rotational energy of the vehicle wheel is converted into electrical energy at a second efficiency, the second efficiency being lower than the first efficiency.
- the electric motor drive has at least one cooling circuit for cooling the electric motor, heat generated during operation of the electric motor in the second operating mode being at least partially dissipated via the cooling circuit.
- the cooling circuit can in turn be designed to emit heat absorbed in the electric motor to a heating circuit of the motor vehicle.
- the cooling circuit has a control for regulating a cooling capacity provided by the cooling circuit, the control being controlled by the control device depending on the selected operating mode of the electric motor. For example, it can be provided that when the electric motor is operated in the second or third operating mode, the cooling capacity of the cooling circuit is automatically increased by appropriate activation of elements such as circulation pumps or refrigeration compressors, so that the heat generated in the electric motor is efficiently dissipated and overheating of the electric motor is avoided can be.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an electric motor drive according to the prior art
- FIG 2 is a schematic representation of different error sources of an arrangement according to Figure 1,
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an electric motor in the second operating mode
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an electric motor in the third operating mode
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary electromotive drive with a heating circuit
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary control logic for an electric motor drive.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electric motor drive 100 according to the prior art.
- the electric motor drive 100 has a drive unit 102 with an electric motor 104 and a control unit 106 for the electric motor 104 .
- the drive unit 102 and thus the electric motor 104 is connected to an energy source 108, for example a battery, via a DC connection 110 for supplying electrical energy.
- an energy source 108 for example a battery
- DC connection 110 for supplying electrical energy.
- further electrical loads 112 can also be connected to the drive unit 102 via the direct current connection 110, which is indicated only very schematically in FIG.
- the electric motor 104 is connected to a vehicle wheel 116 via a downstream transmission 114 in such a way that the electric motor 104 can cause a torque on the vehicle wheel 116 .
- a friction brake 118 is arranged on the vehicle wheel 116, which is shown by way of example as a disk brake.
- both an accelerating torque can be applied to vehicle wheel 116 using electrical energy from energy source 108, and a decelerating torque can be applied, with the rotational energy of the Vehicle wheel 116 is preferably converted into electrical energy, which is supplied to the energy source 108 .
- FIG. 2 now shows schematically which error sources in the configuration described in FIG. 1 lead to the fact that such an electric motor drive according to the prior art generally cannot permanently and reliably relieve the friction brakes.
- a first source of error or a first problematic state is given when the energy source 108 is fully charged, ie recuperation of kinetic energy in the energy source 108 is no longer possible.
- a second source of error is an interruption or malfunction of the direct current connection 110, so that it is no longer possible to dissipate electrical energy to the other electrical consumers 112 either. In both cases, the entire kinetic energy 120 released when the vehicle wheel is decelerated would have to be absorbed by the friction brake 118 in the form of heat 122 and radiated into the environment.
- the invention provides that the electric motor 104 depending on the states of the individual components of the electric motor To operate drive 100 to generate a deceleration torque on the vehicle wheel 116 in different operating modes.
- An electric motor 104 is shown as an example in FIG. As indicated on the left-hand side of the figure, it is not possible to feed back electrical energy from the drive unit 102 via the DC connection 110 to the energy source 108 in the situation shown. This can be the case, for example, with a fully charged energy source 108 or a defect in the DC connection 110 .
- the invention provides that electric motor 104 is operated by appropriate activation of power electronics 107 in such a way that it continues to convert rotational energy 120 of vehicle wheel 116 into electrical energy to generate a deceleration torque on vehicle wheel 116, but with the least amount of energy possible efficiency happens.
- the electric motor is operated in a first operating mode for decelerating vehicle wheel 116 by appropriate activation of power electronics 107 in such a way that rotational energy 120 of vehicle wheel 116 is used with the greatest possible efficiency in electrical energy is converted, which is then supplied to the energy source 108 .
- the operating parameters for the electric motor 104 in this operating mode are designed in such a way that as little heat as possible is generated in the electric motor 104 .
- a third operating mode for electric motor 104 is indicated schematically in FIG. 4, which can be used, for example, when the energy source is fully charged, DC connection 110 is intact and electric motor 104 is still comparatively cold.
- the electric motor in order to generate the deceleration torque, the electric motor is actively supplied with current by appropriate activation of the power electronics 107 by the control unit 106 such that a deceleration torque is applied to the vehicle wheel 116 using electrical energy.
- both the electrical energy used and the rotational energy 120 of the vehicle wheel 116 occur in the electric motor 104 as thermal energy 122, which can be dissipated via appropriate cooling.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary electric motor drive 100, wherein the electric motor drive 100 with a heating circuit 130 of a motor vehicle.
- control unit 106 of drive unit 102 has control logic 132 which, depending on the situation, switches between different operating modes of electric motor 104 for generating a deceleration torque.
- a first operating mode 134 is designed by appropriate adjustment of the operating parameters of electric motor 104, i.e. in particular by appropriate control logic of the associated power electronics, so that electric motor 104 converts the kinetic energy 120 of vehicle wheel 116 into electrical energy with the greatest possible efficiency in order to generate a deceleration torque converts, which is then fed via the DC link 110 of the power source.
- This first operating mode 134 is used, for example, when the energy source is not fully charged and the direct current connection 110 is fully functional.
- a second operating mode 136 in a second operating mode 136, on the other hand, by appropriately adjusting the operating parameters of electric motor 104, electric motor 104 converts the kinetic energy of vehicle wheel 116 into electrical energy with the lowest possible efficiency in order to generate a deceleration torque. The resulting heat is dissipated to the heating circuit 130 and can be used via a corresponding radiator 138, for example, to heat the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a control logic 132 for an electric motor drive 100, as has been described above.
- the control logic 132 is initially designed to determine status information 140, 142 and 144 of the electric motor drive.
- the status information is, for example, the functionality of the direct current connection 110 140, the readiness of the energy source 108 to receive electrical energy 142, which is influenced, for example, by the state of charge and the temperature of the energy source 108, or the readiness of other electrical consumers 112 to receive electrical energy.
- the status information determined in this way is fed to a decision logic 146 which, by looking at the determined status information 140, 142, 144 together, determines whether an incoming request for the electric motor drive 102 to apply a deceleration torque to a vehicle wheel 116 is in a first operating mode of the electric motor 104 or in a second operating mode of the electric motor 104 is to be implemented, as previously described.
- the operating parameters of electric motor 104 according to the first or the second operating mode are then used by the control unit when activating the corresponding electronic power system 106, so that electric motor 104 uses the rotational energy of vehicle wheel 116 either with the highest possible or lowest possible Efficiency converted into electrical energy.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020210382.8A DE102020210382A1 (de) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines elektromotorischen Antriebs eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
PCT/EP2021/071969 WO2022033966A1 (de) | 2020-08-14 | 2021-08-06 | Verfahren zur steuerung eines elektromotorischen antriebs eines kraftfahrzeugs |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4196361A1 true EP4196361A1 (de) | 2023-06-21 |
Family
ID=77367429
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP21755766.9A Pending EP4196361A1 (de) | 2020-08-14 | 2021-08-06 | Verfahren zur steuerung eines elektromotorischen antriebs eines kraftfahrzeugs |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20230286395A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4196361A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2023531983A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20230022447A (de) |
CN (1) | CN116234713A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020210382A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022033966A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4479080A (en) | 1983-04-25 | 1984-10-23 | General Electric Company | Electrical braking control for DC motors |
DE4446219A1 (de) | 1994-12-23 | 1996-06-27 | Opel Adam Ag | Kraftfahrzeug mit mehreren Elektromotoren |
DE102011111594A1 (de) | 2011-08-25 | 2013-02-28 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Bremsen eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
JP6315622B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-04 | 2018-04-25 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 車両 |
US10392018B1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-08-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle and regenerative braking control system for a vehicle |
-
2020
- 2020-08-14 DE DE102020210382.8A patent/DE102020210382A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-08-06 EP EP21755766.9A patent/EP4196361A1/de active Pending
- 2021-08-06 WO PCT/EP2021/071969 patent/WO2022033966A1/de unknown
- 2021-08-06 US US18/020,352 patent/US20230286395A1/en active Pending
- 2021-08-06 JP JP2022579775A patent/JP2023531983A/ja active Pending
- 2021-08-06 KR KR1020237001470A patent/KR20230022447A/ko unknown
- 2021-08-06 CN CN202180060399.0A patent/CN116234713A/zh active Pending
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JP2023531983A (ja) | 2023-07-26 |
KR20230022447A (ko) | 2023-02-15 |
DE102020210382A1 (de) | 2022-02-17 |
US20230286395A1 (en) | 2023-09-14 |
CN116234713A (zh) | 2023-06-06 |
WO2022033966A1 (de) | 2022-02-17 |
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