EP4183946A1 - Structure préfabriquée, module préfabriqué - Google Patents

Structure préfabriquée, module préfabriqué Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4183946A1
EP4183946A1 EP22208225.7A EP22208225A EP4183946A1 EP 4183946 A1 EP4183946 A1 EP 4183946A1 EP 22208225 A EP22208225 A EP 22208225A EP 4183946 A1 EP4183946 A1 EP 4183946A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
prefabricated
module
wall
beams
laying bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22208225.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Giovanni Spatti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spatti Ingegneria Srl
Original Assignee
Spatti Ingegneria Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Spatti Ingegneria Srl filed Critical Spatti Ingegneria Srl
Publication of EP4183946A1 publication Critical patent/EP4183946A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E04B1/21—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/215—Connections specially adapted therefor comprising metallic plates or parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34807—Elements integrated in a skeleton

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated module and a prefabricated structure comprising said prefabricated module.
  • the present invention is in the field of prefabricated construction.
  • the present invention relates to the use of prefabricated floors or tiles and prefabricated inhabitable modules for residential or economic construction.
  • prefabricated refers to structures or constructions resulting from the combination of several elements prepared off-site and possibly minimally completed during assembly.
  • the prefabricated modules of the prior art must bear the load of all the modules above and consequently must be made with materials and thicknesses suitable for bearing heavy loads. That is, at least some side walls of said modules must be load-bearing.
  • stacking prefabricated modules on top of each other precludes some design possibilities for the rooms of a building and also prevents the design of intermediate spaces between the various stacked modules that are intended for other uses.
  • design flexibility is greatly constrained by the need to stack the modules, preventing, for example, the creation of porticos or free-standing structures below the column of stacked modules.
  • the prefabricated modules used for these applications are not suitable on their own to support structural loads, but in turn must be supported by an external structural element.
  • a prefabricated structure comprises a plurality of pillars, embedded at the base, and beams constrained thereto in so-called beam-to-pillar nodes.
  • a known solution provides for the use of dry connections, wherein the prefabricated beam rests on a bracket protruding laterally from the pillar, which bracket is constrained by anchor pins that are embedded in a support bracket and engaged in special seats made at the ends of the beam.
  • this type of connection is characterized by a reduced flexural strength with respect to that of the load-bearing elements it joins.
  • this connection generates excessive shear stress on the anchor pins, and leads to a premature collapse of the connection.
  • this type of connection is not efficient in transmitting seismic stresses.
  • the presence of the support bracket generates a discontinuity with respect to the thickness of the beam, to the detriment of the harmony of the structure.
  • the prefabricated structure 1 comprises at least two prefabricated beams 3 each mainly extending in a first substantially horizontal beam direction X-X, and at least one prefabricated module 2 comprising a base 21 having a treadable surface defined by a first module direction X'-X' and a second module direction Z'-Z' which are substantially horizontal and orthogonal to each other.
  • the prefabricated module 2 comprises a ceiling wall 22 and a module side wall 25 extending in height along a third substantially vertical module direction Y'-Y' orthogonal to said first and second module directions X'-X', Z'-Z' between said base 21 and said ceiling wall 22, wherein said prefabricated module 2 rests on said prefabricated beams 3.
  • the base 21 is at least partially made of concrete or wood, or a combination of the two, or of reinforced concrete. In a preferred embodiment, the base 21 is entirely made of concrete and wood.
  • the base 21 is load-bearing, i.e., it is expressly shaped to bear the weight of the prefabricated module 2.
  • the base 21 is a thick slab.
  • the module 2 is supported directly on said prefabricated beams 3 by means of the base 21 alone.
  • the prefabricated structure does not comprise any other structures interposed between the base 21 and the beams 3.
  • the beams 3 are made of concrete or wood or reinforced concrete.
  • both the base and the beams 3 are made of concrete or wood.
  • the base 21 is a prefabricated tile 20, preferably made of concrete or wood.
  • the prefabricated tile 20 comprises a laying bed 205, preferably made at least partially of concrete or wood.
  • the prefabricated tile 20 comprises ribs 206, preferably made of wood.
  • the base 21 is a prefabricated tile 20 comprising a laying bed 205 and ribs 206 extending vertically from said laying bed 205 along said third module direction Y'-Y'.
  • each of said prefabricated beams 3 comprises a laying bed seat 30, suitable for accommodating said laying bed 205, so that said prefabricated module 2 is supported by said prefabricated beams 3 through the engagement of said laying bed 205 in said laying bed seat 30.
  • the weight of said prefabricated module 2 is fully unloaded onto said prefabricated beams 3.
  • the module side wall 25 is at least partially non-bearing. Preferably, the module side wall 25 is entirely non-bearing.
  • each prefabricated module 2 does not have to directly support the weight of another prefabricated module. Therefore, since a load-bearing module side wall is not required, according to an additional advantage, the module side wall may be kept small in thickness and may be made of more readily available and adaptable materials, e.g., plasterboard.
  • the module side wall 25 is made of wood or plasterboard or a combination thereof.
  • said laying bed 205 rests on an abutment surface of said laying bed seat 30.
  • the ribs 206 are also attached to the prefabricated beam 3 by means of connecting devices that allow the ribs 206 to be constrained to a side of the prefabricated beam 3.
  • the ribs 206 also help to bear the load of the prefabricated module 2.
  • each prefabricated beam 3 comprises an extrados wall 31 and an intrados wall 32
  • the prefabricated structure 1 comprises a plurality of overlapping prefabricated flats 10. These prefabricated flats 10 are defined in height by the distance D1 along the third module direction Y'-Y' between two prefabricated beams 3 in sequence.
  • each prefabricated module 2 has an upper ceiling wall 22 and extends along said third module direction Y'-Y' between said base 21 and said ceiling wall 22 over a height H1 which is smaller than said distance D1, so that a gap 5 is formed between the intrados wall 32 of the prefabricated beam 3 and said ceiling wall 22 of the prefabricated module 2, which gap is suitable for containing the passage of electrical installations or the like for powering said prefabricated module 2.
  • the prefabricated beams 3 on which the prefabricated module 2 rests have a total vertical thickness S1 between said extrados wall 31 and said intrados wall 32.
  • the prefabricated tile 20 comprises an upper walkway wall 250 and has a total tile height S2, measured between said walkway wall 250 and a bottom end 216 of said ribs 206, coinciding with said total thickness S1 of the prefabricated beams 3.
  • the walkway wall 250 is coplanar with the extrados wall 31 of the prefabricated beams 3 with which the prefabricated module 2 is engaged.
  • the engagement of said prefabricated module 2 with said prefabricated beam 3 is fixed by means of connecting elements suitable for stiffening and blocking the relative translation between said prefabricated module 2 and said prefabricated beam 3.
  • the laying bed 205 extends in said third module direction Y'-Y' over a laying bed height H2, and the laying bed seat 30 extends in a third substantially vertical beam direction Y-Y over a seat height H1 which is either greater than or equal to said laying bed height H2.
  • the laying bed does not protrude in height beyond said walkway wall 250.
  • the ribs 206 have a longitudinal section at least partially in the shape of a trapezoid with the minor base on the side of the laying bed 205 and with the major base on the opposite side from said laying bed 205, and comprise a front engagement wall 260 facing the prefabricated beam 3 and coinciding with an inclined side of said trapezoid.
  • the prefabricated beams 3 each comprise a broadened portion 36 in proximity to the intrados wall 32 having a cross-section at least partially in the shape of a trapezoid with the minor base coinciding with the intrados wall 32, and each comprise a broadened portion side wall 360 facing the front engagement wall 260 and coinciding with an inclined side of said trapezoid.
  • the front engagement wall 260 and the broadened portion side wall 360 are substantially parallel to each other, i.e., are equally inclined at the same angle with respect to a vertical axis.
  • the prefabricated beam 3 comprises connection bars 80 protruding vertically along the third beam direction Y-Y from the prefabricated beam 3, and the prefabricated tile 20 comprises respective connection seats 280 obtained at least partially in the laying bed 205.
  • connection bars 80 are inserted into said connection seats 280 to block the relative horizontal translation between the prefabricated tile 20 and the prefabricated beam 3.
  • the prefabricated beam 3 comprises auxiliary engagement seats 365 obtained in at least one of said broadened portion side walls 360, and said connection members comprise fixing elements 90 which are accommodated in said front engagement wall 260 and suitable for engaging said auxiliary engagement seats 365.
  • the prefabricated structure 1 comprises at least two pairs of prefabricated pillars 4, each mainly extending along a third substantially vertical pillar direction Y"-Y".
  • each prefabricated beam 3 is connected to a pair of prefabricated pillars 4 by means of beam-to-pillar connecting means.
  • the prefabricated beam 3 comprises a first end wall 311 in which a coupling seat 310 is obtained, which is blind at the top and defines an inner compartment 300 and an opening 340 that provides access to said inner compartment 300 in a direction perpendicular to the first beam direction X-X.
  • each pillar 4 has four side faces and comprises at least one coupling plate 410 which projects from at least one of said four side faces.
  • said coupling plate 410 is expressly shaped to engage said coupling seat 310 by positive coupling by means of a relative sliding motion of said coupling plate 410 into said coupling seat 310, through said opening 340.
  • the opening 340 is a lower free side of the coupling seat 310, and the sliding motion occurs along a direction substantially parallel to the third beam direction Y-Y, i.e., the sliding motion is substantially vertical and downward.
  • the opening 340 is a lateral free side of the coupling seat 310, and the sliding motion occurs along a direction parallel to said second beam direction Y-Y.
  • the coupling plate 410 extends along the third pillar direction Y' '-Y" ' over a plate height K2 and the coupling seat 310 extends in height between an upper seat wall 101 and the opening 340 over a seat height K1 which is either greater than or equal to said plate height K2.
  • the coupling plate 410 is entirely contained in said coupling seat 310, i.e., it does not extend beyond said opening 340.
  • the coupling seat 310 extends along said first beam direction X-X for a depth P1 and the coupling plate 410 protrudes from at least one of the side faces of the pillar 4 for a plate thickness P2 less than or equal to said depth P1.
  • the coupling plate 410 in the engaged condition, is entirely contained in said coupling seat 310, i.e., it does not extend beyond a maximum footprint area defined by the first end wall 311.
  • the prefabricated structure comprises a closure plate 450 suitable for being applied to said opening 340 when the prefabricated beam 3 is engaged to the prefabricated pillar 4 and for being constrained to the prefabricated beam 3 by means of fixing elements 500 in such a way as to prevent further relative sliding motions between the prefabricated beam 3 and the prefabricated pillar 4.
  • the prefabricated beam 3 has an inverted T-shaped, or L-shaped, or I-shaped cross section.
  • the coupling seat 310 is a metal box open on at least two sides, accommodated in an internal cavity of the prefabricated beam 3 and constrained to the prefabricated beam 3 by means of first fixing bars 600.
  • the opening 340 is an open side of the metal box.
  • the metal box and the first fixing bars 600 are embedded in the prefabricated beam 3 during the casting operation in its production.
  • the inner compartment 300 is delimited at the top by an upper wall suitable for abutting against the coupling plate 410 and laterally by side walls suitable for engaging slidably, possibly with play, with the coupling plate 410.
  • this top wall and these side walls each comprise a blocking portion 320 suitable for accommodating a respective interlocking portion 420 of the coupling plate 410 to prevent the translation of the beam 3 at least along the first beam direction X-X.
  • said blocking portion 320 is at least partially curvilinear with a concavity facing away from the first beam direction X-X, in other words with respect to a central axis of the beam.
  • said blocking portion 320 is a pointed protuberance, i.e., having an at least partially triangular cross-section, which is not curvilinear, but having a break as a generatrix, said pointed portion facing with the vertex towards the first beam direction X-X, i.e., towards the inner compartment 300.
  • the coupling plate 410 comprises a proximity surface 400 facing the pillar 4 and second fixing bars 460 extending from said proximity surface 400 that fix said coupling plate 410 to the pillar 4.
  • the second fixing bars 460 and the coupling plate 410 are at least partially embedded in the pillar 4 during the casting operation to produce the pillar 4.
  • the coupling plate 410 comprises abutment walls each having an interlocking portion 420 suitable for engaging with a blocking portion 320 of the coupling seat 310 of the prefabricated beam 3.
  • said interlocking portion 420 is at least partially curvilinear with a concavity facing the opposite side with respect to the first beam direction X-X.
  • said interlocking portion 420 is shaped so as to complement the blocking portion 320, i.e., to slide into said blocking portion 320.
  • the interlocking portion 420 is a perimeter groove obtained in at least three walls of the coupling plate 410.
  • said perimeter groove has a triangular cross-section, i.e., not a curvilinear cross-section, said groove facing outward, i.e., on the side opposite the center of the coupling plate.
  • the dimensions of said interlocking portion 420 are such to leave possible play in the interlocking in said blocking portion 320.
  • the coupling plate 410 comprises at least one first plate element 4001 and one second plate element 4002.
  • Said first and second plate elements 4001, 4002 each extend for a respective first plate element thickness P01 and second plate element thickness P02 and are juxtaposed with each other so that the juxtaposition of said elements 4001, 4002 forms the interlocking portion 420.
  • the first plate element thickness P01 and the second plate element thickness P02 coincide.
  • the first plate element 4001 is suitable for facing, or when mounted, is facing, towards the beam 3, and the second plate element 4002 faces towards the pillar 4.
  • the first plate element 4001 and the second plate element 4002 when placed side by side, form the interlocking portion 420.
  • first plate element 4001 and the second plate element 4002 are specifically shaped in such a way that, as a result of the juxtaposition of these elements, perimetrically and at the contact zone between said elements, the interlocking portion 420 is generated. That is, with reference to Fig. 8 and 9 , the juxtaposition of these plate elements generates an outward-facing groove.
  • the coupling plate 410 also comprises a third plate element 4003 interposed between the second plate element 4002 and the pillar 4.
  • the third plate element 4003 is a plate of small thickness.
  • the metal box forming the coupling seat 310 is formed and delimited perimetrically by a first frame element 3001 and a second frame element 3002.
  • first frame element 3001 extends to a first frame element thickness B01
  • second frame element 3002 extends to a second frame element thickness B02
  • said first and second frame elements 3001, 3002 are juxtaposed along the first beam direction X-X.
  • the first frame element thickness B01 is greater than the second frame element thickness B02.
  • thickness refers to the dimension in the minor extension direction of each of said elements.
  • the extension along the direction parallel to the first beam direction X-X, and for the plate elements, the extension in the direction perpendicular to the first pillar direction Y"-Y" and perpendicular to a face of the pillar suitable for facing the beam.
  • first plate element thickness P01 is equal to the second plate element thickness P02
  • providing a first frame element thickness B01 greater than the second frame element thickness B02 allows for a longitudinal mounting tolerance to be obtained - that is, along the first beam direction X-X - so that any minor positioning or milling errors of the coupling elements in the longitudinal direction are compensated for.
  • this aspect makes the system and prefabricated structure extremely versatile and flexible and suitable for compensating for any tolerance deviations in the longitudinal direction.
  • the coupling seat 310 is additionally delimited by a third frame element 3003 suitable for being interposed between said first frame element 3001 and the beam 3.
  • the third frame element 3003 is a thin plate.
  • the elements forming the coupling plate 410 and delimiting the coupling seat 310 are suitable for generating the interlocking portion 420 and the blocking portion 320 by means of a juxtaposition and eventually being fixed by fixing means, such as screws or pins, without the need for complex, on-site milling operations of the plates.
  • the coupling plate 410 and coupling seat 310 are expressly shaped with a certain degree of conicity.
  • the coupling plate 410 and the coupling seat 310 are both constructed with a trapezoidal front section, i.e., a section perpendicular to the direction of the thickness - i.e., perpendicular to the first beam direction X-X - with the upper base smaller than the lower base; this embodiment is depicted in Fig. 10a, 10b and 11a, 11b .
  • both the coupling plate 410 and the coupling seat 310 are not perfectly rectangular, but are tapered towards a relevant upper plate or seat wall 101.
  • the coupling seat 310 and the coupling plate 410 are tapered according to the same taper angle, i.e., the side walls of the coupling plate 410 and the coupling seat 310 have the same slope.
  • this tapering generates a conicity that has the effect of facilitating the assembly, at the initial sliding stage, by providing greater mounting tolerance also in the direction parallel to the first pillar direction Y"-Y".
  • this shape makes the coupling system self-centering; in fact, the tolerance existing due to the conicity, during sliding, tends to reset, guiding the correct positioning of the beam with respect to the pillar.
  • the present invention also refers to a prefabricated module 2 for a prefabricated structure 1, comprising a base 21 having a treadable surface defined by a first module direction X'-X' and a second module direction Z'-Z' that are substantially horizontal and orthogonal to each other.
  • the prefabricated module 2 comprises a ceiling wall 22 and a module side wall 25 that extends in height along a third substantially vertical module direction Y'-Y' between said base 21 and said ceiling wall 22.
  • the prefabricated module 2 is suitable for engaging the prefabricated beams 3 in a prefabricated structure 1, so as to unload the load thereof on said prefabricated beams 3.
  • the base 21 is a prefabricated tile 20 comprising a laying bed 205 and ribs 206 vertically projecting from said laying bed 205 along said third module direction Y'-Y'.
  • Said prefabricated tile 20 is suitable for supporting the load of said module side wall 25 and the laying bed 205 is suitable for engaging a laying bed seat 30 obtained in said prefabricated beams 3.
  • the prefabricated tile 20 comprises respective connection seats 280 obtained at least partially in the laying bed 205.
  • connection seats 280 are suitable for accommodating connection bars 80 that extend vertically from said prefabricated beams 3, so as to stiffen the connection of the prefabricated module 2 to said beam 3.
  • the ribs 206 are attached to the prefabricated beam 3 by means of connection devices that allow the ribs 206 to be constrained to a side of the prefabricated beam 3.
  • the ribs 206 comprise a front engagement wall 260 suitable for facing the prefabricated beam 3 and comprise fixing elements 90 accommodated in said front engagement wall 260 and extending horizontally therefrom towards the prefabricated beam 3 along said second module direction Z'-Z'.
  • These fixing elements 90 are suitable for being engaged in respective auxiliary engagement seats 365 obtained in the prefabricated beam 3 so as to constrain the prefabricated module 2 to a side of the prefabricated beam 3 also by means of the ribs 206.
  • the prefabricated module 2 is constrained to the prefabricated beam 3 by means of the synergistic combination of the support of the laying bed 205 on said beam 3, possibly stiffened by means of said connection bars 80, together with the engagement of the ribs 206 with a side wall of the beam 3 by means of said fixing elements 90.
  • the laying bed 205 has a thickness greater than 5 cm, preferably greater than 8 cm, even more preferably equal to 10 cm.
  • the laying bed is made mainly of concrete.
  • the ribs 206 are made of wood.
  • the prefabricated module 2 comprises an upper walkway wall 250, wherein said walkway wall 250 is an upper facade of a flooring laid on the laying bed 205.
  • the prefabricated module 2 further comprises an acoustic insulation layer placed below said flooring.
  • the prefabricated structure and prefabricated module referred to in the present invention largely fulfill the intended purpose, overcoming the problems typical of the prior art.
  • the prefabricated module according to the present invention is suitable for unloading its weight onto the prefabricated beams, providing greater intrinsic stability to said prefabricated structure.
  • the prefabricated module also does not have to support a plurality of prefabricated modules above, and consequently may be made of lighter materials, and with thinner wall thicknesses.
  • the module is supported on the beams and not on the underlying module, a gap is gained in the space between two prefabricated modules in sequence, which gap is useful, for example, for accommodating the passage of cables for the electrical or thermal supply installations of said module.
  • the module is scalable in size according to contingent needs.
  • the prefabricated module is engaged to the beam by means of a prefabricated tile that enables the engagement through the support of the laying bed to the beam and a connection device that constrains the ribs of the tile to a side wall of the beam.
  • the engagement with the beam achieved through the synergistic combination of the support of the laying bed and the connection device that constrains the ribs to the beam allows for the torque to be transmitted effectively and for dangerous rotations or torsions of the beam to be avoided during assembly, especially when the beam is loaded asymmetrically.
  • the prefabricated structure transmits the relative flexion loads between the pillar and beam.
  • the prefabricated structure is clean and harmonious, and does not require the use of brackets protruding from the pillar that are visible in engagement conditions.
  • the prefabricated structure is stable and seismically resistant.
  • the prefabricated beam comprising the coupling seat is easy to manufacture.
  • the prefabricated structure is applicable to building systems of any height.
  • spacers allows for the desired play and stiffness in the beam-to-pillar connection to be adjusted.
  • the beam-to-pillar coupling according to the invention does not require additional casting on site.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
EP22208225.7A 2021-11-19 2022-11-18 Structure préfabriquée, module préfabriqué Pending EP4183946A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000029348A IT202100029348A1 (it) 2021-11-19 2021-11-19 Struttura prefabbricata, modulo prefabbricato

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4183946A1 true EP4183946A1 (fr) 2023-05-24

Family

ID=80121615

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22208225.7A Pending EP4183946A1 (fr) 2021-11-19 2022-11-18 Structure préfabriquée, module préfabriqué

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4183946A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT202100029348A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2250562A (en) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-10 Atcost Buildings Limited Interconnecting concrete section
AU2020281139A1 (en) * 2019-08-13 2021-03-04 LWC Research Pty Ltd Prefabricated floor panel, construction and method therefor
DE102019126126A1 (de) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Werk Eins Gmbh Bauwerk und Verfahren zum Errichten eines Bauwerks

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2250562A (en) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-10 Atcost Buildings Limited Interconnecting concrete section
AU2020281139A1 (en) * 2019-08-13 2021-03-04 LWC Research Pty Ltd Prefabricated floor panel, construction and method therefor
DE102019126126A1 (de) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Werk Eins Gmbh Bauwerk und Verfahren zum Errichten eines Bauwerks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT202100029348A1 (it) 2023-05-19

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