EP4182202A1 - Base de données répartie et ouverte utilisée pour l'acquisition dynamique du réseau de lignes de chemin de fer et ses structures - Google Patents

Base de données répartie et ouverte utilisée pour l'acquisition dynamique du réseau de lignes de chemin de fer et ses structures

Info

Publication number
EP4182202A1
EP4182202A1 EP21754892.4A EP21754892A EP4182202A1 EP 4182202 A1 EP4182202 A1 EP 4182202A1 EP 21754892 A EP21754892 A EP 21754892A EP 4182202 A1 EP4182202 A1 EP 4182202A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measured values
measurement
measured
values
attribute
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21754892.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jochen NOWOTNY
Dominic Winkler
Karl KERNSTOCK
Benjamin STUNTNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Track Machines Connected GmbH
Original Assignee
Track Machines Connected GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Track Machines Connected GmbH filed Critical Track Machines Connected GmbH
Publication of EP4182202A1 publication Critical patent/EP4182202A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/29—Geographical information databases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/04—Indicating or recording train identities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/025—Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/026—Relative localisation, e.g. using odometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/10—Operations, e.g. scheduling or time tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/38—Electronic maps specially adapted for navigation; Updating thereof
    • G01C21/3804—Creation or updating of map data
    • G01C21/3833—Creation or updating of map data characterised by the source of data
    • G01C21/3848—Data obtained from both position sensors and additional sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/38—Electronic maps specially adapted for navigation; Updating thereof
    • G01C21/3863—Structures of map data
    • G01C21/387—Organisation of map data, e.g. version management or database structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/907—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
    • G06F16/909—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using geographical or spatial information, e.g. location
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/40—Data acquisition and logging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/25—Fusion techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L2205/00—Communication or navigation systems for railway traffic
    • B61L2205/04—Satellite based navigation systems, e.g. global positioning system [GPS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2101/00—Indexing scheme relating to the type of digital function generated
    • G06F2101/06—Co-ordinate transformations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10028—Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30181—Earth observation
    • G06T2207/30184—Infrastructure

Definitions

  • the invention disclosed below relates to a method for creating a database, by means of which database a railway network can be recorded using measured values and precisely these measured values can be managed as data.
  • the following invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the condition of a railway line can be determined by creating measured values.
  • a railway network is characterized by the fact that a section of a railway line is connected to the railway network via at least one node.
  • a railway line can be connected to the railway network via two nodes, as shown in the figure below.
  • measured values describing the track geometry and/or route geometry of a railway line, the structure of a track body of a railway line and the area around the railway line can be determined with the help of sensors such as, for example and not restrictively, a rotary scanner, but also photo sensors for creating image material. It is also known to control rail vehicles or other devices on the basis of these measured values.
  • a rotary laser scanner represents an applicable embodiment of a rotary scanner.
  • the type of these measured values and the informative value of the measuring method associated with creating the measured values depends heavily on the measuring sensors used and/or the measuring methods used.
  • the person skilled in the art already recognizes a first problem on which this invention is based, namely a lack of comparability and a limited possibility of correlating measured values or also measurement results from the measurement methods according to the prior art.
  • a subjective description can be made in addition to or as an alternative to measured values determined by sensors.
  • a subjective description of a section of a railway line can include, for example, an image taken by a person skilled in the art and/or a description and an indication of the location of the railway line. It is also an object of the invention disclosed herein to provide a system which allows such subjective descriptions to be integrated into a database to be provided.
  • a measurement requirement is to be understood as a unique, stand-alone requirement from a provider that is detached from a measuring device. If a piece of measuring equipment is able to meet three measurement requirements, it can be assumed that there are around three hundred measuring equipment from the approximately one hundred suppliers.
  • a large number of measured values can be determined with the known measuring equipment if the individual measurement requirements are met, which measured values can only be compared or correlated to a very limited extent due to the abundance of providers, measuring equipment, measuring methods, etc., since the individual measured values to meet the criteria described above are different in nature. On the one hand, there may be a large amount of data, but on the other hand, this amount of data cannot be analyzed.
  • Adequate analyzability of data is, however, extremely important for modern management of railway lines or railway networks.
  • An analysis of the data allows efficient servicing and/or maintenance of a railway line and subsequently a railway network.
  • a measured value is a value which describes a state of the railway line or an environment around the railway line.
  • a measured value can also describe a condition, which condition has a direct influence on the railway line or an indirect influence on the railway line via the environment of the railway line.
  • a measured value can include, for example, a measurement or some other physical, measurable variable as a measurement attribute and a location as a measurement location attribute and a time attribute describing the time of determination.
  • a measured value can also include an indication of which object or objects, such as rail, gravel, vegetation, groundwater, etc., the measured value relates to. In principle, it can be assumed that the number of such measured values and the number of states described by the measured values will increase in the future.
  • a measured value can also describe a state of a vehicle located or moving on a railway line. Such a measured value can, for example and thus not restrictively, describe the operation, the direction of travel or the function of the vehicle.
  • the operation of the vehicle can be detected, for example and thus not restrictively, by the energy requirement of the vehicle or by the movement of an element of the vehicle.
  • a measured value can describe the movement of the vehicle or the necessary processes by which processes the vehicle is put into operation or is kept in operation.
  • a metric describing the function of the vehicle is closely related to a metric describing the operation of the vehicle; a strict distinction is often not expedient for the person skilled in the art.
  • a measured value describing the function of the vehicle can describe the function for which function such as the transport of people (here for example: number of people transported) or the repair of the track (here for example tamping process) the vehicle is on the railway line.
  • the readings descriptive of operation and function may include a description of the wear and tear of the vehicle.
  • a measured value can be a value, via which a state with physical units is recorded directly as a measured variable or indirectly, for example via an image or a subjective description.
  • a measured value can be created using a measuring sensor.
  • a measuring sensor can, for example, measure a distance as a function of time or location.
  • a measurement sensor can, for example, be an image sensor et cetera.
  • a metric can be created by user input.
  • a user's input need not be limited to specifying a physical quantity as one possible form of objective description; the input can also be a subjective description, which subjective description an expert gives, for example, when inspecting the track and tracks to inspect the track systems.
  • the description can relate to the railway line or an area surrounding the railway line.
  • a measured value and the measuring location can be located in a railway network.
  • different methods of sclerosing the measuring ode such as sclerotherapy using a coordinate system, can be carried out.
  • the obliteration can take place, for example, using an absolute coordinate system or a relative coordinate system.
  • Measurement paths can be created by different measurement systems (hereinafter referred to as first measurement system and second measurement system) including possibly different sensors (hereinafter referred to as first sensor and second sensor), which measurement systems are independent of one another operated or controlled.
  • the measuring systems can be arranged on different units which are not coupled by any mechanical system and which can be moved relative to a railway network in order to record the measured value.
  • the difference in the measurement methods can be due to the difference in the measurement methods used.
  • the railway system can be characterized, among other things, by the fact that moving measuring systems or stationary measuring systems can be used to create the measurement path.
  • the independence of the measuring systems can have a causal meaning.
  • the creation of a measurement value by one measurement system does not necessarily necessitate the creation of another measurement value by another measurement system.
  • the creation of a measurement record cannot be logically related to the creation of another measurement record.
  • the determination of the measured values at different points in time is to be used as an indication of the existence of independent measurements.
  • the independent measurements can be carried out by time-independent measuring systems.
  • the independent creation of the measurement path can also have a mechanical, in a broader sense, spatial meaning.
  • a first measurement system for creating the first measurement value is independent in the mechanical sense if the measurement system is not coupled to a second measurement system by a mechanical constraint system.
  • the selection of a first measuring mode, on which the first measuring mode a first measuring value is determined by means of the first measuring system, is not dependent on the selection of the second measuring mode, on which second measuring mode the second measuring value is determined by a second measuring system.
  • measurements are made using a relative coordinate reference system or an absolute one Coordinate reference system determined as a measurement location attribute for locating the measurement values with different points of origin/zero points.
  • geographic coordinates can be used as an absolute coordinate reference system.
  • the specification of a position depending on the distance covered or the travel time is an example of a relative coordinate reference system, which relative coordinate reference system is very often used in railways.
  • the examples of coordinate reference systems mentioned here are by no means to be understood exclusively; the person skilled in the art knows other examples of a global reference system and a relative reference system.
  • a measured value can include a series of measured value attributes, which measured value attributes are determined at a series of measurement locations, the series of measurement locations being characterized by a distance between the measurement locations.
  • a measured value with a series of measured value attributes can be determined, for example, in such a way that a measuring system is moved along a railway line or in particular a track and measurement attributes are determined at selected measurement locations.
  • the distance between the measuring locations can differ between the individual measured values and also within a measured value.
  • the distance between the measurement locations can also approach zero, so that there is essentially a continuous measurement over a distance.
  • a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional localization is conceivable.
  • the individual measured values can differ due to the dimensionality of the localization.
  • the exact localization of the measured values in the railway network is an essential factor when describing a railway network using measured or calculated measured values. It can also be the object of the invention to ensure that the measured values are located as precisely as possible in the railway network. Another object of the invention is to increase the accuracy of the localization of a measurement location and/or to ensure the compatibility of the localization in the railway network.
  • time attribute When using measurement methods according to the prior art, the time at which a measurement value was created is described by a time attribute.
  • a time attribute can exist in different time formats, particularly in the railway sector.
  • the measured values describing an element of the railway system are heterogeneous due to their different properties.
  • the definition of heterogeneity known from computer science is to be applied to the different properties of the measured values (see e.g. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogenit%C3%A4t_(Informatik)) .
  • the invention disclosed here sets itself the task of making the measured values analyzable independently of the determination time of the creation of the measured values and/or the type of creation of the measured values and/or the measuring system used and/or the method of locating the measured values.
  • An analysis of the first measured values and the second measured values with one another can also include a display of these measured values on, for example and thus not restrictively, a monitor or a user interface, by means of which display these measured values or from the measured values data created can be compared with one another and correlated with one another.
  • the display of the measured values or the data is a step that follows the method step in which the first measured values and the second measured values are designed to be comparable with one another.
  • a determination time is understood to mean the time at which the measured values are determined.
  • the determination time can be a time or a period of time.
  • a determination time can be specified in the form of a period of time if the actual determination time is unknown or if the determination of the measured values lasts for a period of time.
  • the invention disclosed here also sets itself the task of preparing the measured values, independently of the determination time of the creation of the measured values and/or the type of creation of the measured values and/or the measuring system used and/or the method of locating the measured values, in such a way that these measured values can be used to control a machine running on the track.
  • the preparation of the measured values can include storage in a database.
  • the machine running on the track can be a track repair machine and another vehicle.
  • the processing of the measured values with regard to the localization for use in the control of the machine can include that the method and the result of the localization of the measurement location when determining the measured value are adapted to the requirements of a control of a machine.
  • the basic solution envisages converting the heterogeneous data set of measured values with different properties into a homogeneous data set with standardized sets of measured values.
  • the measured values available according to the state of the art in the railway system are very different in their nature, in the way they are determined, which can be explained, among other things, by the strong national structure of the railway system and the different measurement methods.
  • the different measured values are included as first measured values and second measured values. The first measured value is therefore different from the second measured value with regard to the time of determination and/or the measurement method used and/or the measurement system used, etc.
  • measured values include at least measurement attributes, which measurement attributes—as stated several times in this document—describe a variable that can be determined or has been determined.
  • the measured values can be localized in different time formats with different coordinate reference systems as a measuring location attribute and/or with creation times as a time format.
  • a first measurement may include a first measurement attribute; the first measured value can be located using a first coordinate reference system and/or a first creation time.
  • a second measurement may include a second measurement attribute; the second measured value can be located using a second coordinate reference system and/or a second creation time.
  • the first coordinate reference system and the second coordinate reference system can be different.
  • the first coordinate reference system can be an absolute coordinate reference system and the second coordinate reference system can be a relative coordinate reference system.
  • the coordinate reference systems can be based on different origin points/zero points.
  • the first time format and the second time format can be different.
  • a time format can be a date, for example, and another time format can be an internet time.
  • the time formats can have different zero points.
  • the first creation time and the second creation time can be different.
  • the method according to the invention basically offers a solution in that a standardization of the measured values is offered.
  • This standardization basically includes the step of converting the measured values into a standardized coordinate reference system and/or converting the measured values into a standardized time format and/or converting the measured values into a set of measured values with a defined structure.
  • a set of measured values includes at least a localization by the unified coordinate reference system, a measured value and, if necessary, a time attribute or a time stamp. This data is stored in the unified structure with a unified scheme in the database.
  • a time attribute is useful for documenting track changes.
  • the person skilled in the art recognizes that the use of a time attribute with a standardized time indication is particularly advantageous.
  • a measurement includes a measurement attribute.
  • This measurement attribute is determined by measurement using a sensor.
  • This measurement attribute can also be defined by user input (subjective value).
  • this measurement attribute is a numerical value (positive numerical value, negative numerical value, absolute value), a vector or another variable which, according to current teaching, is suitable for describing a property of the object.
  • the measurement attribute can also be an image or a link to other measurement attributes or other data.
  • a measurement attribute can be one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional. With reference to the technical problem outlined above, the measurement attribute can be in different formats.
  • a measured value also includes information about the measuring location (measuring location attribute), at which measuring location the measured value is determined.
  • the measurement location can be defined with sufficient accuracy by specifying relative coordinates or by specifying absolute coordinates.
  • the person skilled in the art also knows from the prior art other options for specifying the measurement location with sufficient accuracy.
  • the specification of the Measurement location or information about the localization of the measurement location can be given in different formats.
  • the specification of the measurement location discussed here using a relative coordinate system or an absolute coordinate system represents only a selection from a large number of possible location specifications.
  • the accuracy of the specification of the measurement location is also an influencing factor in further processing of the measured value, in particular the processing of the specification of the measurement location.
  • a measured value can also include a time specification (time attribute) about the first creation time, at which first creation time the measured value was determined.
  • This time specification can also be in different formats.
  • the accuracy of the measurement location is also an influencing factor in further processing of the measured value, in particular the processing of the specification of the creation time.
  • a coordinate reference system can also include a time specification in addition to a position specification.
  • the measurement location attribute can thus include a time attribute.
  • a metric can include other metric attributes.
  • the above description of a measured value is in no way to be understood as limiting.
  • the method according to the invention includes as a method step the conversion of the measured values, which measured values are determined using a relative coordinate reference system or an absolute coordinate reference system for locating at a determination time, into a unified coordinate reference system.
  • This conversion is a mathematical method in which mathematical methods the specification of the measurement location is converted from an existing coordinate system, which existing coordinate system includes absolute coordinate specifications and/or relative coordinate specifications, into a unified coordinate system.
  • An unpublished research project uses universal time and/or geodetic coordinates as a unified coordinate reference system.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the first measured values are converted individually and not a series of first measured values or a function describing the first measured values from the first coordinate reference system into the unified coordinate reference system. The same applies to the second measured values.
  • the unified coordinate reference system may be a global coordinate reference system, while the first coordinate reference system and the second coordinate reference system are local coordinate reference systems.
  • a global coordinate reference system can include local coordinate reference systems which are linked to the global coordinate reference system via reference points.
  • a railway network is characterized by the fact that a section of a railway line is connected to the railway network via at least one node.
  • a railway line can be connected to the railway network via two nodes, as shown in the figure below.
  • the person skilled in the art is able to choose another standardized coordinate reference system depending on the respective task.
  • the conversion from a relative reference system or an absolute reference system to a unified coordinate reference system can be carried out using mathematical models according to current teaching.
  • a coordinate transformation can be used.
  • the conversion from the first coordinate reference system to the unified coordinate reference system can be a purely mathematical task.
  • a task that goes beyond this possibly purely mathematical transformation is disclosed.
  • a relative coordinate reference system which relative coordinate reference system is based on an indication of a position depending on the distance covered or the like, which distance covered can be specified via the route and/or the elapsed time since a starting point in time, the person skilled in the art has the route at that point in time taken into account when creating the measured value.
  • the expert also speaks of desertification along the route.
  • the routing may change over time; this must be taken into account when processing measurement data with obliteration using a relative coordinate reference system.
  • measurement data By transforming the measurement data from the relative coordinate reference system or from the global coordinate reference system into the unified coordinate reference system, measurement data can be analyzed.
  • the transformation of the measured values determined by means of a global coordinate reference system and/or a relative coordinate reference system into a unified coordinate reference system creates the comparability of the measured values.
  • the comparability of the measurement values to be achieved can require that the measurement values transferred to the unified coordinate reference system have the same physical unit or at least a comparable physical unit.
  • Those skilled in the art preferably use SI units. The use of SI units is particularly possible with objective measurement values.
  • a transformation of the measurement value from a relative coordinate reference system or from a global coordinate reference system to a unified coordinate reference system preferably also includes the use of a unified physical unit such as an SI unit.
  • the method according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that measured values which have hitherto been unrelated can be compared.
  • measured values describing a dimension or a geometry of the track such as track width, incline, curve radius, position can be compared with infrastructure-specific data, machine parameters, driving dynamics data in any constellation.
  • the properties of the data given as an example and not by way of limitation, in particular unusual properties of these as well as unusual features when carrying out a measurement, when operating the railway network, etc., can be determined.
  • the accuracy of the measured values or the data determined from the measured values can also be evaluated, which also justifies a further technical effect.
  • the term accuracy is an objective term in that it means the accuracy of the representation of the property. This can be a significant further technical effect of the method according to the invention, especially since the measured values describing a railway line are determined in nature and thus under the influence of nature.
  • the unified coordinate reference system and/or world time as a unified time format can allow the measured values or measured value sets to be viewed in a selected spatial area and/or temporal area.
  • a spatial range or a temporal range can be selected, which is described by measured values from different measurement methods and/or at different creation times.
  • the person skilled in the art can select a spatial area of the railway line or the vicinity of the railway line and thereby select a sub-area of the measured values and/or the sets of measured values for analysis or other processing.
  • the consideration of a spatial area represents an example of a targeted selection of a sub-area of the sets of measured values.
  • the invention disclosed here has the additional technical effect of creating a large amount of data stored in the database as sets of measured values, which data set can be reduced to interesting areas in a subsequent step .
  • the problem of assigning the measured values or the sets of measured values mentioned below to objects on the railway line or the environment is discussed several times.
  • the assignment can be made in such a way that it is assumed that there are only certain objects in an area.
  • the use of a rotating laser scanner is mentioned at the outset as an example. It can be assumed, for example, that if a measurement is carried out in a certain range below the Rotation scanner the substructure or the rails are arranged. The person skilled in the art can conclude from this that the measured values of an area below the rotary scanner describe the rails or the substructure. In a manner analogous to this, it can be assumed that the overhead line, for example, is arranged in an area above the rotary scanner and that the measured values of this area therefore describe the overhead line.
  • the method according to the invention also includes the step of generating standardized data sets.
  • the measurement sets of selected data areas are manageable. This allows for an effective view of the data.
  • a measured value can include measured value attributes, which measured value attributes include the physical measured variable and possibly an indication of the measured object.
  • the measured value can include measured value attributes, which measured value attributes include the measured variable and/or a subjective description and/or an objective description and, if applicable, an indication of the measured object.
  • the invention can provide that the measured value attributes of the measured values are converted in a structured form into a unified set of measured values. This process only requires a definition of such a structure of the set of measured values and the transfer of the measured value attributes or measured values taking this structure into account.
  • the unified measurement value set includes at least the measurement attribute.
  • the unified measurement value set includes at least one measurement location attribute using the unified coordinate reference system (location).
  • the unified set of measured values can also include an indication of the creation time in the universal time format (time attribute), at which creation time the respective measured value is created.
  • the unified set of measured values can include further attributes, which further attributes describe the following properties of the measuring system and/or environment.
  • a further attribute describing the measurement method can be included, by means of which measurement method the first measured values or second measured values are determined.
  • a further attribute describing a calculation method can be included, by means of which calculation method the first measured values or second measured values or the standardized set of measured values are determined.
  • Another attribute can describe the environmental properties or the weather conditions that prevailed when the measured values were created.
  • Another attribute can describe the execution of the measuring process such as the measuring equipment used, measuring systems, whether the measuring equipment has been calibrated or not, the speed of the measuring equipment. Another attribute can describe the origin of the data. Another attribute can include an indication of the quality of the unified set of measured values. The quality of a set of measured values can be calculated, for example, from a numerical specification or a function describing a resolution of the measured values, a distance, and the number of times the measured values were queried by the user.
  • the unified sets of measured values can include additional attributes relating to access rights, usage rights, reading rights, change rights or control rights.
  • the unified sets of measured values can include documentation of the transfer of the location of the measured values to the unified location.
  • this documentation can include further attributes, which further attributes describe the reference points used during the transfer to the unified coordinate reference system.
  • the measured values or measured value attributes can be transferred to the unified set of measured values by an input.
  • the structure of a set of measured values includes at least a structured storage of the measured value attribute of the measured value and the pre-location of the measured value using the standardized reference coordinate system in a database.
  • the set of measured values can be stored in such a way that dependencies of a measured value are also introduced as dependencies of the set of measured values.
  • the unified structure includes the measured value attribute and the measured location attribute localization of the measured value attribute using the unified coordinate system.
  • These attributes are stored in a uniform form such as, for example, in a unified data structure in a database.
  • the term structure means the arrangement of the parts of a whole or the creation of a homogeneous structure of sets of measured values from heterogeneous measured values.
  • the set of measured values can consist of mutually dependent parts.
  • the measured values and the location of the measured values are arranged in an integrated database while maintaining the dependencies.
  • the dependency of the measured values and their localization consists in the fact that information about the localization of the measured values is given.
  • the conversion of the measured values to unified sets of measured values with the unified localization creates the advantage that the sets of measured values created from the measured values can be compared with measurement attributes of a measurement location and dependencies can thus be identified.
  • the person skilled in the art can use modern data processing methods for such an analysis.
  • the measured values can be checked using the pattern recognition method known from current teaching.
  • Measured values that show a certain pattern can be assigned to a certain object.
  • the measured values can be arranged in the set of measured values depending on the recognized pattern and, if applicable, an assignment of the measured values to an object.
  • the first measured values having a first pattern can be arranged at first points in the structure of the set of measured values (file structure, header in the file structure).
  • pattern recognition which is known according to current teaching, allows natural influences to be recognized, particularly in the case of the method according to the invention. A natural influence may have a specific pattern, such as noise, or it may simply differ from the other known patterns.
  • the detection of natural influences by means of pattern recognition which is by no means a banal technical task, can be supplemented by the analysis of the measured values or sets of measured values, which analysis is made possible by the method according to the invention.
  • the process of structuring the metrics and arranging the metrics in the data structure such as a metric set also addresses the technical issue of effectiveness in that the number of metrics is changed to a number that allows optimal quality of analysis.
  • a person skilled in the art can define a number of measuring points and, if necessary, a property of these measuring points.
  • Bringing the measured values into a structure can imply that a defined number of measured values are taken into account for further method steps.
  • the latter can include combining measured values and/or deleting measured values and/or supplementing measured values.
  • sets of measured values with a unified structure of the measured values can also be compared with less effort, which means that the further technical effect of effectiveness can be justified.
  • a set of measured values can only include first measured values or first measured value attributes such as first measured values, first time attributes or first location attributes, which first measured values or first measured value attributes are determined using a first sensor and/or in a first measuring method.
  • a set of measured values does not have to include first measured value attributes and second measured value attributes.
  • the set of metrics may include first metrics and second metrics, or first metric attributes and second metric attributes. Such a set of measured values can be distinguished by the efficient processing of a plurality of measured values.
  • the conversion of the measured values into a structured set of measured values has the advantage that the measured values can be analyzed independently of the determination time.
  • the structure of the set of measured values allows analysis methods to be carried out in an advantageous manner, which analysis methods were also devised after the time of determination.
  • the method according to the invention allows the comparison of measured values, which measured values are determined at different times using different measuring methods and measuring systems, regardless of the time of creation. This is discussed as an example using the first measured value and the second measured value.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the first measurement method and the second measurement method are different. It becomes the definition of a If there is a difference in measurement methods, reference is made to the above description of the difference in measurement methods.
  • the method according to the invention can also include the step of converting the creation times into the world time format as a unified time format. This process step can be carried out using the usual clock.
  • world time is introduced as a “uniform” time format.
  • the measured values can thus be compared with regard to the development over time.
  • the properties described by the measured values can be compared with regard to time.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the unified coordinate reference system comprises at least two reference points.
  • the location of a measurement location using an absolute coordinate reference system and a relative coordinate reference system is carried out using a single reference point, which is also referred to as the point of origin or zero point.
  • the transfer of the location of the measurement locations of the measurement values to a unified coordinate reference system can include the measurement location in the unified coordinate reference system being located at at least two reference points of the unified coordinate reference system, through which two reference points the measurement location of the measurement point can be located in a railway network.
  • the reference points of the unified coordinate reference system are points of the railway network.
  • the reference points of the unified coordinate reference system are preferably reference points of the railway network.
  • the method according to the invention can include comparing the measured values with reference measured values, which reference measured values are assigned to a reference object, with the measured values being assigned to an object that is similar to the reference object if the measured values and the reference measured values have a defined similarity.
  • This method step includes at least that the measurement attribute of a measurement value is compared with a reference attribute. Furthermore, the time information and/or the measurement location information can be compared with a reference time or with a reference location. This method step is carried out at most before a generation of the unified set of measured values. In this process step, the measured values are processed.
  • the person skilled in the art can compare the object described by a measurement with a reference object family instead of with a reference object.
  • a reference object or a reference object family no distinction is made between the concept of a reference object or a reference object family, unless this is explicitly mentioned.
  • the comparison can, for example, lead to the result that the measured values, which measured values are determined on a rail of a railway line, are recognized as measured values describing the shape of a rail.
  • the database can include information about which properties the measured values describing a rail or, in particular, a rail profile should or can look like, so that the object described by the measured values can be recognized as a rail or a cross section of a rail.
  • the possible assignment can also be based on the fact that the database includes reference measurement values describing one rail or multiple rails.
  • Such reference measurement values can be based, for example, on rail types, which rail types are recorded in the relevant standards.
  • the measured values describing a rail as an unknown object are assigned to a rail as an object on the basis of a similarity between the measured values and the reference measured values that is to be determined.
  • the example of the rail is only given here as an example; this example can also be applied to other objects on a railway line, such as catenary, sleepers, fastening unit for attaching a rail to a sleeper, ballast, catenary mast, etc.
  • the database for comparing the measured values can also include normalization values, which normalization details define a property of an object and/or a further property of an object for a further object, whereby the assignment of the measured values described here can be supplemented.
  • a normalization value can be a subset of the reference values.
  • the measured values can be assigned to objects on the railway line using conventional methods, which methods are based on the theory of artificial intelligence and/or the comparison of patterns.
  • the person skilled in the art can use methods according to the prior art, such as neural networks, in order to evaluate the measured values in terms of similarity. If necessary, the measured values are assigned to a reference object by calculating information about the probability of the probability that the measured values correspond to the reference object.
  • the set of measured values can include information about the reference object assigned to a measured value and about the probability determined.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the set of measured values is compared with a set of reference measured values, which reference set of measured values is assigned to a reference object, with a defined similarity between the set of measured values and the set of reference measured values being assigned to an object which is similar to the reference object.
  • the generated sets of measured values can be assigned to an object in addition to or as an alternative to the assignment of the measured values.
  • the person skilled in the art recognizes that the assignment is essentially similar to the assignment of measured values, with not measured values but sets of measured values being considered.
  • Considering sets of measured values instead of considering measured values as part of the assignment of the sets of measured values or the measured values has the advantage that due to the defined data structure of the sets of measured values, such a consideration and such an assignment of the sets of measured values can be carried out much more efficiently and precisely.
  • the set of measured values can contain information about the assignment of the set of measured values to a reference object and about the probability determined.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the set of measured values is supplemented by a time attribute describing the time at which the measured values were created (or also called the measuring point) and/or the creation of a measuring mark, which measuring mark is described by the measured values or at which measuring mark the measured values are created will.
  • This method step can relate to the case in which the measured value does not include a time attribute describing the time at which the measured value was created.
  • the database according to the invention and the method according to the invention for creating this database are characterized in that the sets of measured values are entered into the database independently of the creation of the measured values, namely, for example, the implementation of the measuring method. If the measured values do not include a time attribute describing the determination of the measured values, the addition of a time attribute via the creation of the measured values can allow the traceability of the data in general.
  • the set of measured values can include a time attribute describing the creation of the measuring mark, at which measuring mark the measured value is determined and at which measuring mark the measuring method is carried out in order to achieve traceability.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the set of measured values is supplemented by a time attribute describing the point in time at which the set of measured values was created.
  • This time attribute is essentially related to an indication of the time at which the measured values for the measured value set were processed.
  • time attribute allows the use of methods of block-by-block signature of the sets of measured values in order to achieve the further technical effect of integrity.
  • the transfer of the measured values and the measured value attributes to the set of measured values is carried out by data processing.
  • the addition of a time attribute describing the point in time at which the measured values and/or the measured value attributes were recorded in the set of measured values can allow traceability of the data processing as a further technical effect.
  • the set of measured values can include time information in the form of time attributes, by means of which time information it is recorded when which measured value or which measurement attribute is determined.
  • time information in the form of time attributes, by means of which time information it is recorded when which measured value or which measurement attribute is determined.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the set of measured values is supplemented by a mathematical model describing the measured values.
  • a possible description of the sets of measured values by a mathematical model can also be regarded as an advantageous further technical effect, which effect is created by creating the database according to the invention.
  • a description of a large number of measured values using a mathematical model is generally to be regarded as efficient storage of measured values, which form of storage can also allow efficient processing of the data.
  • a description using a mathematical model can be, for example, the description of a change in measurement attributes over time. According to the prior art, this can be done using a mathematical function.
  • a large number of measured values lie within a range to be defined and some measured values lie outside of this range.
  • the mathematical model may be limited to just emphasizing the out-of-range readings.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the measured values can be entered into the database independently of the time of determination. According to the invention, this can be achieved by temporarily storing data comprising measured values and/or sets of measured values in a buffer memory.
  • the measured values can also be entered into the database after the measured values have been determined or after the measured values have been recorded. This also includes the fact that the database can be continuously supplemented with further sets of measured values and thus independently of the creation of further sets of measured values.
  • the measured values can be read from another database and/or from a buffer memory.
  • the method according to the invention can be based on the measured values being transmitted to the database according to the invention by means of data transmission. Data is usually transmitted via radio or wired connections. Since railway lines also lead through regions with weak radio coverage or with an insufficient cable connection, the measurement data can also be stored in a buffer memory before being transferred to the database. A storage of sets of measured values in the buffer memory would also be conceivable.
  • a note made by a person skilled in the art can also be regarded as a buffer memory.
  • a cache can also be a handwritten note from a professional.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore in no way limited to the database being stored in a computer network.
  • the database may include sub-databases, which sub-databases are separated from the network at least for a period of time.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that a priority factor is assigned to the set of measured values or to the measured values comprised by the set of measured values.
  • a relevance can thus be assigned to a set of measured values or to the relevant measured values.
  • the priority factor can be assigned under the aspects of integrity of values and/or accuracy of values described below.
  • the priority factor can also be selected depending on the measurement method used to determine the measured values.
  • a first measurement can provide a first number of measurements, while a second measurement provides a second number of measurements.
  • the actual number of measured values to be considered can also be adjusted by introducing priority factors via a weighting that can be achieved by the priority factor. Those readings that exceed a required or maximum number of readings may be assigned a low priority.
  • the person skilled in the art can define a group of measured values with a high priority.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the first measurement values and the second measurement values and/or a first measurement attribute with a different first measurement attribute and/or a second measurement attribute with a different second measurement attribute and/or a first measurement attribute with a second measurement attribute and/or or the measured values are compared with reference measured values and/or the measured value set is compared with a reference measured value set.
  • the first measured values and the second measured values can be compared with one another. Furthermore, the first measured value attributes are comparable with the second measured value attributes. The person skilled in the art recognizes that such a comparison presupposes that the values to be compared make functional sense.
  • a comparison of values can ensure verification of the values.
  • the method according to the invention and a database according to the invention can thus be distinguished by a high degree of integrity.
  • a comparison of values can ensure accuracy of the values; imprecise values can be discarded or assigned a lower priority.
  • the method according to the invention and a database according to the invention can thus be characterized by a high degree of accuracy.
  • a minimum level of quality can be checked by comparing values with reference values
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that supplementary first measured values or from the first measured value attributes supplementary first measured value attributes are calculated from the first measured values and/or supplementary second measured values from the second measured values or supplementary second measured value attributes from the second measured value attributes.
  • the above description of the method according to the invention includes the assignment of measured values on the basis of a comparison of the measured values with reference values, with various methods according to the prior art being able to be used.
  • Obtaining measurement values from different sources and from different sensors can cause the technical problem that the measurement values and/or the measurement value attributes comprised by the measurement values are not complete. This can be based, for example, on the fact that the different sensors determine a different number of measured values and/or measured value attributes. Furthermore, the number of measured values and/or measured value attributes may not be complete because the measuring method is carried out incorrectly.
  • the method according to the invention can include that the comparison of the measured values also includes the creation of additional measured values or measured value attributes or measured value ranges or measured value attribute ranges based on the reference values.
  • the supplementary measurement values or measurement value attributes can be identified.
  • State-of-the-art interpolation methods can be used here. This method step is explained by way of example using a figure below. The object shown in the figure below is to be considered as an example object; the person skilled in the art can carry out this method step on other objects on a railway line.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that a measured value or a measured value attribute is verified by a comparison with a reference measured value or a reference attribute.
  • the method according to the invention can include the method step of comparing the measured value with reference measured values or comparing the measured value attribute with reference attributes.
  • the comparison of several values with several reference values allows the determination of dubious or questionable values, which dubious values are defined as those measured values or measured value attributes which measured values or measured value attributes are greater than a limit value from the reference value or from the differ reference attribute.
  • the method according to the invention can include marking these dubious measured values or measured value attributes as such.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that a mathematical model describing the individual sets of measured values and/or several sets of measured values is created and this mathematical model is stored in the database.
  • the mathematical model can describe a single set of measured values.
  • the mathematical model can describe a time course of a set of measured values.
  • the mathematical model can describe the correlation of several sets of measured values.
  • the mathematical model can describe the development of this correlation over time.
  • the invention disclosed here also relates to a database, which database is created by a method as described above.
  • the database can be part of a network, which network is based on wired connections and/or wireless connections.
  • the database or part of the database can also be installed on a device on which a device for determining the measured values is installed.
  • the database or a part of the database can be installed on a railway construction machine, for example and thus in no way restrictively.
  • the database according to the invention can include user-specific writing rights and/or reading rights and/or processing rights.
  • the invention disclosed here also includes a database, which database is stored on a storage medium or on a plurality of storage media.
  • Figure 1 shows an old plan of a railway line.
  • FIG. 2 shows a representation of measured values which can be determined using a rotary scanner.
  • FIG. 3 includes a schematic representation of the method according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the handling of measured values.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a further embodiment of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an advantageous effect of the method according to the invention
  • Figure 7 illustrates the locally determined measured values in a unified coordinate reference system
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a selected technical effect of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 9 explains the method according to the invention with reference to FIG.
  • the embodiments shown in the figures only show possible embodiments, it being noted at this point that the invention is not restricted to these specifically illustrated embodiment variants of the same, but that combinations of the individual embodiment variants with one another and a combination of an embodiment with the general description given above are also possible are. These other possible combinations do not have to be mentioned explicitly, since these other possible combinations are within the ability of the person skilled in the art working in this technical field on the basis of the teaching on technical action by means of a specific invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a section of an image of a plan including a railway line 1 (source: https://www.ebay.de/itm/Braunschweig-Schoeninger-EISENBAHN-Plan-1913-Kreuzung-mit-Kabel-SCHOPPENSTEDT-/153669849176) .
  • the plan is dated May 3, 1913.
  • the plan concerns an area of present-day Lower Saxony.
  • FIG. 2 shows an image including measured values, which measured values are determined using a conventional rotary scanner according to the prior art.
  • the invention disclosed here sets itself the task of integrating measured values relating to the railway line—regardless of the type and independent of the time at which they were determined—in a database so that the measured values can be analyzed.
  • the invention is, for example, the technical task of combining first measurement data such as the plan data shown in Figure 1 as the first measurement data from 1913 as the first determination time and the second measurement data from 2020 shown in Figure 2 as the second determination time in a database and analyzing them close.
  • first measurement data such as the plan data shown in Figure 1 as the first measurement data from 1913 as the first determination time
  • the second measurement data from 2020 shown in Figure 2 as the second determination time in a database and analyzing them close.
  • An analysis of the measurement data can include, for example, a comparison of the data and/or correlating the measurement data with one another.
  • the plan data contained in the plan shown in FIG. 1 are measurement data. Measurement data in the narrowest meaning of the term are available at the latest when the plan is scanned or edited in another form, for example.
  • the first coordinate reference system is specified by the plan representation; the first coordinate reference system is the coordinate reference system of the plan or plan representation.
  • FIG. 2 shows an illustrated result of a measurement using a rotary scanner; such a measurement is state of the art and does not require any further explanation in the context of the discussion of the method according to the invention.
  • the second coordinate reference system is specified by the orientation of the rotary scanner and/or the movement of the rotary scanner.
  • the first coordinate reference system is a plan-specified, and thus rigid, coordinate reference system.
  • the measured values are displayed once or readable.
  • the second coordinate reference system is a variable coordinate reference system when the rotary scanner moves.
  • measured values can be determined in a sub-area at one position of the rotary scanner, from which sub-area measured values can also be determined in a second position of the rotary scanner.
  • the first measured values are available in paper form, for example, while the second measured values are available as electronically stored data.
  • the first measured values and the second measured values form a heterogeneous quantity of data, as illustrated by way of example in FIG. 1 and FIG. It is the task of the inventive method discussed here to create a homogeneous data set from this heterogeneous data set.
  • the method according to the invention sets itself the task of storing first measured values or—in general—data from, for example—and thus by no means limiting—a map display (see FIG. 1) and second measured values/data from, for example—and thus by no means limiting—a modern measuring method in a database to be combined and analyzed in the sense of relating or comparing the measured values.
  • the procedural step of transforming the measured values into a unified coordinate system and the procedural step of structuring the measured values or data means that data which originally could not be analyzed are made analyzable together.
  • FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, the measured values illustrated, describing a railway line 1 with track installations 14 and a track 15.
  • the track installations and the track 15 are only mentioned as an example; In the context of the discussion of the method according to the invention, it is only essential that these are measured values describing elements that are related to a railway line.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the inventive method in a detailed manner.
  • the method can be carried out as a computer-implemented method, with the rectangle symbolizing method steps 2 that can be carried out using a computer, which method steps are referred to below as computer method step 2 because they are preferably, but not exclusively, carried out using a computer.
  • First measured values 3 and second measured values 4 are fed to computer method step 2 .
  • the measured values 3, 4 can be determined at different determination times or determination periods using different measurement methods.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can generally include subjective or objective values, which values have a broader connection with the railway system or the railway line.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can relate to objects on the railway line itself, such as rails, sleepers, rail fasteners, rail bed, etc.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can also relate to objects in the vicinity of the railway line, such as vegetation, railway installations such as platforms and level crossings.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can also relate to values describing the properties of the environment such as the groundwater level, snow conditions, etc.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can also relate to objects moving on the railway line or in the vicinity of the railway line.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can, for example, be values describing the operation of a rail vehicle (equivalent to a track-laying machine) for the construction or repair of the railway line; the measured values 3, 4 can relate to the power consumption, the oil pressure, the speed, etc. of the rail vehicle.
  • the measured values 3, 4 include at least one measurement attribute and one measurement location attribute.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can also include a time attribute.
  • the measurement attribute is essentially the quantity measured by the sensor.
  • the measurement attribute can be a numerical value, a vector or some other mathematical variable specified according to the current teaching.
  • the measurement attribute essentially relates to the localization of the measurement location at which the measurement is carried out or the localization of the reference mark.
  • the localization can be given by a relative coordinate system or by an absolute coordinate system.
  • the time attribute relates to the creation time, at which creation time the measured value is created.
  • the different measuring systems which measuring systems are used to create the measured values, use different localization methods and different time formats to specify the time of creation.
  • Computer method step 2 comprises at least the method step of transforming the measured values 3, 4 from the localization method used when determining the measured values or when storing the measured values into a unified coordinate reference system, with the method discussed here being based exclusively on the use of according to the prior art Technology known methods of localization based. According to current teaching, localization is a position statement using an individual coordinate reference system.
  • the computer method step 2 includes the method step of transforming the measured values 3, 4 from the coordinate reference system used when determining the measured values or when storing the measured values into a unified coordinate reference system.
  • the coordinate reference systems used are usually relative coordinate reference systems or global coordinate reference systems, with the measured values being converted from the coordinate reference system used to the unified coordinate reference system using the conventional teaching of coordinate transformation.
  • Localization using a relative coordinate reference system can be such that the route along the railway line is determined from a starting point and the measurement location is described with sufficient accuracy as a result. The distance can be described directly as a length from the starting point or as a sum of lengths between measurement locations. This type of localization does not require any further explanation since this type of localization is known from the prior art.
  • Localization using an absolute coordinate reference system can be carried out in such a way that the measurement location is determined using a GPS device.
  • This type of localization is also known according to current teaching and does not require any further explanation.
  • the localization takes place indirectly.
  • the measurement location can be measured using a relative coordinate reference system and a localization of the measurement location can be calculated from these measurement location attributes using an absolute coordinate reference system.
  • the computer method step 2 further includes the method step of converting the time format, on which the time format the time attribute is based, into a unified time format such as the universal time format.
  • measured values are present in a global coordinate reference system or in a relative coordinate reference system.
  • the relative coordinate reference system can be given, for example, by specifying the position of a measurement train on the railway line. If several sensors are arranged to determine measured values in a measuring train, the position of the sensors in the train must be taken into account.
  • the computer method step 2 also includes the structuring of the measured values in general.
  • the solution shown by the method according to the invention provides that the measured values are converted into a standardized set of measured values with a defined structure.
  • a unified measurement value set comprises at least one measurement value attribute and one measurement location attribute; reference is made in particular to the above description.
  • the transfer of the measured values to the set of measured values can basically be carried out by means of an input by one person.
  • the person skilled in the art recognizes that transferring the measured values into the set of measured values—depending on the amount of data—can represent an extremely complex process.
  • a set of measured values can thus include the measurement attributes (first measurement attribute, second measurement attribute), a time attribute and measurement location attributes.
  • the measured value attributes of the measured value sets are available in a standardized format.
  • the measured values usually obey a certain pattern, which pattern can be recorded and described using the usual teachings of mathematics.
  • the measured values describing the course of the railway line in the plan shown in FIG. 1 obey, for example, the pattern of the line with a defined line width that extends across the plan.
  • the data obtained by scanning the plan can be filtered considering this pattern.
  • the measured values can generally be assigned to objects by recognizing a pattern of the measured values.
  • Pattern recognition is a method according to current teaching and is used, for example, in image processing.
  • the method according to the invention can include arranging the measured values according to a predetermined structure depending on a detectable pattern of the values in the set of measured values.
  • the measured values are arranged in measured value sets.
  • the example shown in FIG. 3 reveals the special case that the first measured values 3 are converted into a first set of measured values 5 and the second measured values 4 are converted into a second set of measured values 6 .
  • the sets of measured values 5 , 6 are preferably, but by no means exclusively, stored in a database 7 .
  • the database 7 can be part of a cloud solution or another network, so that these values, which are present in a structured form, can be accessed from anywhere.
  • the sets of measured values 5, 6 can be used to build and/or repair a railway line.
  • the sets of measured values 5, 6 can be used to control track construction machines.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the essence and also the further technical effect of the method according to the invention that can be derived from it.
  • Measured values 3, 4 are determined according to current teaching.
  • the operation is carried out by railway companies such as Deutsche Bahn AG or ⁇ BB-Personen Let AG.
  • the determination of measured values is carried out by companies that specialize in measurement technology.
  • maintenance pillar 11 is used in simplified terms, which maintenance pillar 11 includes the construction of parts of the railway network in addition to maintenance in a manner that is obvious to a person skilled in the art.
  • the pillar of the company 13 mainly concerns the use of the tracks for the transport of people and/or goods on this infrastructure.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can come from the column of track 12. As shown above with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, these can be first measured values 3 and second measured values 4, which measured values 3, 4 cannot be analyzed together. It is also possible to determine only first measured values 3, which first measured values describe a track.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can also come from the maintenance column 11 and/or from the track column 12 and/or from the operation column 13.
  • the measured values of the repair column 11 can be measured values which describe the operation of railway construction machines or repair machines or the handling of construction materials such as track construction materials et cetera.
  • a track tamping machine or a track alignment machine is mentioned here by way of example, but not by way of limitation, as a repair machine.
  • a building material can be, for example and not by way of limitation, a rail, a sleeper or a ballast.
  • the measured values of the column of operation 13 describe the use of the railway structure. As an example and therefore not limiting, it should be mentioned that the measured values of the column of the company 13 passenger numbers, a number of trains, an indication of delays can be.
  • the measured values 3, 4 can be analyzed to describe a condition of a track.
  • a condition of the tracks can be derived from these measured values 3, 4 and/or future data can be determined using methods of “predictive analysis”. This is only possible in the restricted form within the respective column and provided that the measured values 3, 4 can be analyzed together.
  • the method according to the invention essentially offers two solutions to the present problems of the lack of analyzability of measured values from the railway system, the method according to the invention being characterized in that the two solutions to the technical problem of the lack of analyzability of the data are fundamentally similar.
  • the method discussed may lend itself to solving both technical problems through a single approach.
  • the measured values of only one column can be brought into a form that can be analyzed together. This is shown by way of example using FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, with FIG. 1 showing an old plan and FIG. 2 showing the result of a current measuring method.
  • FIG. 1 showing an old plan
  • FIG. 2 showing the result of a current measuring method.
  • the person skilled in the art recognizes that measured values of the column 11 or measured values of the column 13 can also be analyzed with one another in a similar way.
  • a measured value of the column of operation 13 which measured value describes, for example, a (recurring) delay of a train
  • a measured value of the column of track 12 which measured value describes the condition of the track or the area around the track
  • a measured value of the maintenance column 11 which measured value describes, for example, the type of construction of a level crossing.
  • a delay in a train can be justified by the condition of a track in the area of a level crossing, with the measured values from other level crossings showing that the design of the level crossing is not suitable for the operation of a train with a certain weight.
  • a database containing objects is created for recording a railway line.
  • This database covers at least two of the three pillars; the database preferably extends over all three columns 11, 12, 13.
  • first measured values 3 and second measured values 4 which measured values 3, 4 describe a state of the railway line or a vehicle driving on the railway line or an operating state, with a coordinate transformation being carried out of the absolute or relative coordinate reference system used into a unified coordinate reference system and generating a unified set of measured values 5, 6 comprising the first measured values and/or the second measured values are stored in the database.
  • the measured value attributes of the measured values are saved in a defined structure in the unified set of measured values.
  • the method according to the invention can be used on only one column as well as on several columns according to the above definition.
  • a standardization of the measured values is achieved by the coordinate transformation described above and the generation of a unified set of measured values. Since this can be applied to all measured values of the individual columns 11, 12, 13, the sets of measured values 5, 6 are shown in FIG.
  • the analysis of the measured values 3, 4 with one another can be carried out in such a way that the sets of measured values 5, 6 are compared with one another.
  • the sets of measured values 5, 6 are preferably structured in two layers 9, 10, via which layers 9, 10 the dependency between the measured values 3, 4 and the obliteration of these measured values 3, 4 is defined. This structure is efficient because the structure described in detail below allows comparing measurement values 3, 4 of one column from columns 11, 12, 13 and also comparing measurement values 3, 4 from two columns from columns 11, 12, 13 permitted.
  • the measurement data records 5, 6 can include a first layer 9 with Weden describing the track properties and a second layer 10 with Weden describing the integration of the track into the railway network.
  • the first layer 9 includes Gleismesswede GMW.
  • the GMW track measuring wedges are essentially measuring wedges that are measured on a track, comprising at least rails, sleepers and substructure.
  • the Gleismesswede GMW also describe the area around the track.
  • the first layer 9 includes Wede descriptive track installations GEB, i.e. buildings that are built in the area of the track or the surrounding area.
  • the track installations can be, for example, a level crossing, a catenary mast, a platform or the like. The examples given are not to be understood as limiting.
  • the first layer 9 can also include information about the topology TOPO of the track measuring wed and the track installations. Furthermore, the GMW and the GEB are linked to an absolute reference coordinate system ARKS and/or a relative reference coordinate system RRKS as a unified reference coordinate system.
  • the first layer 9 is extensible.
  • the second layer 10 concerns the integration of the track into the railway network. Accordingly, the second layer 10 includes data relating to the rail network SNW, the track network GNW, the organizational structure ORG ST and the list of permissible speeds VZG.
  • the second layer 10 is extensible.
  • a measurement path set 5, 6 comprising the first layer 9 described above and the second layer 10 described above allows the analysis of the measurement path 3, 4 from different columns 11, 12, 13 in an efficient manner. While the measured paths, namely the first measured paths 3 and the second measured paths 4 and the obliteration of these measured paths are stored in the first layer, the networking of the paths of the first layer 9 is stored in the second layer 10 .
  • the structure in the sense of the above definition is thus created on two levels, namely the first layer 9 and the second layer 10, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the following possible results of a comparison of the measured values from at least two columns from the three columns are listed as examples:
  • the "Digital Twin” DIGITAL TWIN method allows processes to be simulated.
  • the processes simulated using the "Digital Twin” can relate to the repair work and/or the implementation of the operation.
  • a possible technical effect is the implementation of such a simulation for repair work, taking into account measured values from column 12 and/or column 13, which measured values were determined over a period of time.
  • the amount of data available should be used to identify when, for example, a track needs to be repaired. As mentioned at the beginning, this can be predicted more precisely with a larger amount of data.
  • the invention discussed here provides this larger amount of data, whereby the measured values 3, 4 from all columns can be included. Furthermore, a temporal development of the measured values 3, 4 can be taken into account.
  • the internal and external accounting system ACC can also be designed more effectively.
  • at least the measured values of the columns 11, 12, 13 mentioned form a heterogeneous quantity of data. Since the measured values of one of the columns 11, 12, 13 are determined by different providers or different measurement methods or different measurement systems, the measured values of one of the columns 11, 12, 13 usually also form a heterogeneous amount of data.
  • the creation of a homogeneous amount of data in the form of the unified set of measured values described here has the advantage that the measured values in the form of the unified set of measured values are used for the analysis of other measured values or the properties of the railway network or for controlling machines, regardless of how the measured values are determined can become.
  • FIG. 5 shows the profile of a rail as can be found in the relevant literature (see http: //www.iagstalbahnde/bahnenO.html).
  • a first provider who creates first measured values 3 with a first measuring method using a first coordinate reference system can compare the first measured values with the reference profile 8 mentioned in the literature (stored in a database).
  • a second provider which second provider creates second measured values 4 with a second measuring method using a second coordinate reference system, can compare the second measured values 4 with the reference profile 8 .
  • the method according to the invention allows the analysis of the first measured values 3 and the second measured values 4 with one another.
  • the method according to the invention allows the calculation of additional first measured values 3 including the second measured values 4.
  • the method according to the invention can allow the first measured values 3 and the second measured values 4 may be compared in addition to a comparison of a measured value with reference profile 8 . This is done in a particularly effective manner since the sets of measurements are in a structured form.
  • FIG. 5 shows in an illustrative manner the application of a possible method step of the method according to the invention using the example of a rail profile, the explanation given using the example of the rail profile not being to be considered restrictive in any way.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the problem of converting the measured values from a relative coordinate system into a unified coordinate system with geodetic coordinates.
  • FIG. 6 further illustrates the advantageous effect of the method according to the invention using an example that is intentionally kept very simple.
  • a location (see Figure 6, point C) is usually specified by a relative coordinate system. This can be done, for example, by a distance covered starting from a starting point A.
  • a localization of the point C in space on the basis of the route AC requires knowledge of the course of the railway line at the time the measured value was created at the location C.
  • the points A and B entered in FIG. 6 are known locations within the framework of the discussion of the invention; the distance between the places is not relevant.
  • the invention discussed here solves this problem of locating a first measured value determined at location C by creating a unified first set of measured values.
  • the unified first set of measured values includes a first creation time of the creation of the first measured value and the relative pre-location of the first measurement point C.
  • the first measurement includes at least the first measurement attribute.
  • the first measurement attribute can be, for example and thus not by way of limitation, a machine parameter such as hydraulic pressure of a tamping device.
  • the first measured value can include a time attribute, which time attribute describes the first creation time with sufficient accuracy.
  • time attribute describes the first creation time with sufficient accuracy.
  • the first time of creation is to be understood, for example, as the sufficiently precise description of that time at which the first measured value is created by means of a first sensor. It is essentially a property of the first sensor that a first time attribute is also created in addition to the first measurement attribute.
  • the first measurement includes a first measurement location attribute.
  • the measurement location attribute describes the measurement location C using a relative coordinate system.
  • the relative coordinate system includes, for example and thus not restrictively, specifying the distance of the measurement location C from the point A.
  • the route can also be specified indirectly, for example, via the speed and the time span when a measurement train moves from A to C.
  • Second measured values are also available. With their measurement attributes, the second measured values relate to the description of the railway line 1 at time t (creation time) and the description of the railway line 1′ at time t′.
  • the second measured values are based on an absolute coordinate system, for example.
  • the measured values can be compared by converting the measured values from the existing coordinate system into the unified coordinate system and converting the creation times into a unified time format.
  • the conversion of the measured values described above allows the assignment of the relative coordinates of the first measuring point C as first measured values to second measured values, which second measured values describe the railway line 1 at the location C in absolute coordinates at the time t, which second point in time is similar to the first point in time. Consequently, the point C can be located by absolute coordinates or by the unified coordinate system in addition to the obliteration by means of relative coordinates.
  • a railway line changes its properties, such as shape, over time.
  • a railway line 1 is shown as an example at a point in time t by a solid line.
  • the dashed line marks the course of a railway line 1' at a time t-1.
  • measured values can be assigned and made dependent on one another.
  • the measured values can, in particular, be brought into a temporal dependency on one another, independently of the time of observation and the time of creation of the measured values.
  • databases are created according to the current teaching on the basis of the railway data.
  • measured values are determined using measuring methods according to the prior art.
  • the track width of the track 15 of the railway line 1 in the measuring area 18 between the points 16, 17 can be determined.
  • the track width can be measured at regular or irregular intervals.
  • a photo documentation of the track 15 in the measuring area 18 can be created. The reader can see without a doubt that the following description is not limited to determining the track width and photo documentation as measured values. The gauge and the photo documentation are only mentioned as examples and are therefore in no way limiting.
  • the measured values 19, 20, 21 are determined by means of a sensor and/or are created by an input.
  • the measured values 19, 20, 21 include a measured value attribute, by means of which measured value attributes the measured variables are represented.
  • the measurement values also include a measurement location attribute, which measurement location attribute describes the obliteration of the measurement value using an individual coordinate reference system.
  • the measured values 19, 20, 21 describe a condition of the railway line, which is presented above as an example and in no way restrictive based on the gauge or the photo documentation.
  • the measured values can also describe the condition of a vehicle driving on the railway line.
  • the measured values form a heterogeneous amount of data. At least the localization of the measured values is heterogeneous.
  • the coordinate reference systems used to pre-locate the measured values can be different.
  • the measuring methods for determining the measured values can also be different.
  • Each individual measurement method can provide a data set of measurement attributes, which data set, for example, determines the location of the measured values or the measurement attributes according to a different system.
  • the measurements are located using the individual coordinate reference system by reference to a single reference point.
  • this method which is known from the prior art, did not permit a satisfactory localization of the measured values in a railway network.
  • Coordinate transformation from the individual coordinate reference system to a unified coordinate reference system is proposed.
  • the individual coordinate reference system can, for example, be an absolute or relative coordinate reference system, by means of which coordinate reference system the position relative to a single reference point is specified.
  • This coordinate transformation is a first proposed method step, which method step can be carried out by a person skilled in the art using the current teachings of geometry and mathematics. It is further proposed that the measurement location be referenced to a first reference point 19 and/or a second reference point 20 during the coordinate transformation using the current teachings of mathematics and geometry.
  • said reference points 19, 20 are points 16, 17 of the railway network.
  • railway route 1 is part of the railway network.
  • the measurement attributes are stored in a database in a unified structure.
  • the unified set of measured values which is stored in the unified structure, includes at least the measured value attribute and the localization using the unified coordinate reference system with reference to the two reference points 19, 20.
  • the measured values 19, 20, 21 of the area 18 can be referenced in such a way that a relative coordinate reference system with a distance equal to zero (0% of the length of the railway line 1) in the reference point 19 and with a distance equal to 1 (100% of the length of the railway line 1 between points 16, 17) in which reference point 20 is used.
  • a relative coordinate reference system with a distance of zero and a distance of 1 at the ends of the region 18 can be introduced.
  • the measured values 19, 20, 21 are measured at intervals, for example, from which the distances 22, 23,
  • the percentage distance of the entire route 24 of each measurement location can be calculated using mathematical methods, since the length of the railway line 1 between the points 16, 17 is known.
  • the reference point 16 is considered to be the zero travel point. The distances between the measurement locations are divided proportionately.
  • the measurement locations of the measured values 19, 20, 21 are localized using the calculated percentage distance and thus considering the reference points 16, 17 as rigid reference points.
  • the sclerosing of the measuring node does not have to be carried out exclusively by means of distances or intervals.
  • the measuring code can be obliterated by the GPS data, from which the above-mentioned distances 22 to 25 can be calculated.
  • the unified measurement record may further include the following railway-specific attributes.
  • the measurement record can also include the specification of a route kilometer reading. Irrespective of an advantageous obliteration of a measuring tool or a device using the unified coordinate reference system, obliteration via distance kilometer marking is common, which circumstance is hereby taken into account.
  • the measurement record can also include information about the route, namely which points of a railway network a railway line connects, for which railway line or for an area of which railway line the measurement path is determined. Referring to Figure 7, the measurement record may include attributs describing that area 18 is part of railway line 1 connecting points 16,17.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a further technical effect of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 includes a railway line 1 by way of example. Measurement attributes are required at a first measuring point 17 and at a second measuring point 18, for example for controlling a track processing device.
  • Measurement 19 is characterized by the fact that measurements were taken at relatively short, irregular intervals.
  • the measurement 20 includes measurement wedges with large distances from one another.
  • Measurement 21 is a continuous measurement. Overall, the measurements from measurements 19, 20, 21 represent a heterogeneous amount of data.
  • the transfer of the obliteration of the measurement path from the measurements 19, 20, 21 allows the measurement path to be compared and assigned.
  • the measured value of measurement 19 can be assigned to the measured value of measurement 21 for first measurement location 17 .
  • those measurement values can be selected which measurement values were actually measured at this measurement location or at a similar measurement location.
  • the selection of a similar measurement location can include the description of the similarity, in particular the distance to the measurement location.
  • FIG. 9 refers in particular to the description of the figures for FIG. 7. The measurement of a set of points including the integration of the measured values into a railway network is explained.
  • FIG. 9 includes at the top a track plan of the switch to be measured.
  • the points WA and WE are reference points, via which reference points the switch to be measured is connected to the railway network. This is due to the fact that the measurement of a switch is discussed here, which is to be considered as an example and in no way limiting. The person skilled in the art is able to select other reference points for other rail elements.
  • a point WM is also entered, which point WM is the crossing point of the switch. The position of the point WM is defined by the distances to the points WA and WE, which can be measured in this way.
  • Measured values are determined for the sections of the points between the points WA, WM, WE.
  • the number of measured values is entered as an example in the schematic representation given in FIG.
  • the localization of the individual measured values of the sub-areas is determined taking into account the proportional distances between the points mentioned (measuring locations, reference points) and the lengths of the sub-areas as unchangeable variables and using at least one of the points from WA, WE (WA for the start of the switch, WE for the end of the switch) carried out as reference points.
  • the measured values can be located using a first coordinate reference system.
  • the reference points can be located by a second coordinate reference system.
  • the second coordinate reference system may correspond to the unified coordinate reference system.
  • the points WA, WM, WE are included as fixed or immovable points, as a result of which the distances between these points WA, WM, WE can be regarded as unchangeable variables when the database is created.
  • the distances between the measuring points or measuring locations and between the measuring location and WA or WM or WE are determined.
  • the distances determined when determining the measured values or measurement locations are proportionally related to the fixed values mentioned above.
  • a measurement location determined halfway between WA and WM goes into the database as a measurement location halfway between WA and WM.
  • a measurement location determined on a portion of the route between the reference points is entered in the database as a measurement location on a portion of the route between the reference points.
  • the measured values determined at the switch can be viewed as a first level in the database.
  • the second level of the database relates to the railway network and includes at least the reference points WA, WE.
  • the two planes can be linked using the reference points and considering the reference points as fixed and thus immutable points by using a unified coordinate reference system.
  • the implementation of the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the individual measurement sections between the points WA, WM, WE are considered as individual levels, which are located individually or together with the second level.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour créer une base de données pour acquérir une ligne de chemin de fer comportant des objets, consistant à enregistrer, dans la base de données, des premières valeurs de mesure et des deuxièmes valeurs de mesure, ces valeurs de mesure comportant des attributs de valeur de mesure créés au moyen d'un capteur et/ou d'une entrée, et ces valeurs de mesure étant créées au moyen d'un système de référence de coordonnées absolu et/ou d'un système de référence de coordonnées relatif, ces valeurs de mesure décrivant un état de la ligne de chemin de fer ou d'un véhicule roulant sur la ligne de chemin de fer, par exécution d'une transformation de coordonnées du système de référence de coordonnées absolu, le cas échéant, et du système de référence de coordonnées relatif, le cas échéant, pour obtenir un système de référence de coordonnées harmonisé, et génération d'un ensemble de valeurs de mesure harmonisé comprenant les premières valeurs de mesure et/ou les deuxièmes valeurs de mesure, lors de la génération de l'ensemble de valeurs de mesure, les attributs des valeurs de mesure étant stockés dans une structure définie dans l'ensemble de valeurs de mesure harmonisé.
EP21754892.4A 2020-07-15 2021-07-14 Base de données répartie et ouverte utilisée pour l'acquisition dynamique du réseau de lignes de chemin de fer et ses structures Pending EP4182202A1 (fr)

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ATA50612/2020A AT524063A1 (de) 2020-07-15 2020-07-15 Verteilte und offene Datenbank zur dynamischen Erfassung des Eisenbahnstreckennetzes und dessen Gewerke
PCT/AT2021/060249 WO2022011408A1 (fr) 2020-07-15 2021-07-14 Base de données répartie et ouverte utilisée pour l'acquisition dynamique du réseau de lignes de chemin de fer et ses structures

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US8180590B2 (en) * 2003-10-06 2012-05-15 Marshall University Research Corporation Railroad surveying and monitoring system
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AT518692B1 (de) * 2016-06-13 2019-02-15 Plasser & Theurer Exp Von Bahnbaumaschinen G M B H Verfahren und System zur Instandhaltung eines Fahrwegs für Schienenfahrzeuge
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US20230286559A1 (en) 2023-09-14
MX2023000121A (es) 2023-02-09

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