Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
  • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
  • C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
  • C04B14/26—Carbonates
  • C04B14/28—Carbonates of calcium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
  • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
  • C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
  • C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
  • C04B38/103—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam the foaming being obtained by the introduction of a gas other than untreated air, e.g. nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/10—Compositions or ingredients thereof characterised by the absence or the very low content of a specific material
  • C04B2111/1018—Gypsum free or very low gypsum content cement compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
  • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
  • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
  • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the present invention relates to calcium-containing porous mineral materials with a sulfate content of not more than 1.5% by weight and a biopolymer content of 0.001 to 5.0% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the materials, a method for producing these materials with the help of biopolymers as stabilizers and the use of biopolymers for the production of low-sulphate, calcium-containing, porous mineral materials.
• the materials can also serve as calcium and silicate sources, they are used because of their stabilizing function mainly added as functional additives, which are not required for the formation of the main components in aerated concrete, the tobermorites. It must be accepted that substances such as anhydride/gypsum/bassanite and also cement (sulfate content of approx. 5% serves as a reaction regulator) at the end-of-life point lead to a higher landfill class for the building material, since their sulfate-containing components are light washed out and can enter the soil or groundwater. The effects of cement are also already relevant during production and are primarily reflected in the CCk equivalents.
• the present invention now describes a new method with which additives such as cement, gypsum/anhydrite/bassanite or others such as amorphous silica, pozzolan, etc. can be partially or completely replaced in the production of the above-mentioned porous mineral materials containing calcium by using biomimetics and a stabilization of the porous body is also achieved.
• additives such as cement, gypsum/anhydrite/bassanite or others such as amorphous silica, pozzolan, etc.
• the CCk equivalents can be significantly reduced by dispensing with cement.
• the building materials fall into a lower landfill class due to the reduction in sulfate content.
• the present invention relates to calcium-containing, porous, mineral materials with a sulphate content of not more than 1.5% by weight and a content of biopolymers in the range from 0.001 to 5.00% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the materials.
• the present invention relates to a method for producing calcium-containing, porous, mineral materials as described herein, containing the following method steps: a) producing an aqueous suspension containing a calcium oxide source, optionally one or more other mineral raw material sources and one or more biopolymers; b) producing a green compact from the suspension from method step a); c) hardening of the green compact from process step b); d) Obtaining the calcium-containing, porous, mineral material.
• the present invention relates to the use of biopolymers for the production of low-sulphate, calcium-containing, porous, mineral materials.
• Figure 1 shows the schematic representation of an exemplary "egg-box" model in connection with calcium alginates (source: Fu, Shao; Thacker, Ankur; Sperger,
• FIG. 2 shows the condition of the inner surface of aerated concrete with the addition of ammonium alginate (left) or sodium alginate (right) through microscopic images in the scanning electron microscope (SEM).
• FIG. 3 shows the FTIR spectra of alginic acid, ammonium alginate, sodium alginate and the extracts of the three aerated concrete blocks produced in the example section with alginic acid (sample 1), ammonium alginate (sample 2) and sodium alginate (sample 3).
• the respective reference spectra Na, Ca alginate
• the relevant peaks are illustrated.
• Mineral materials within the meaning of the present invention are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from natural minerals or shaped mixtures of materials made from sieved or ground minerals, which are given the desired strength with the help of binders, if necessary with a special hardening process.
• mineral materials in the sense of the present invention are wood, metallic materials, glass, plastics and composite materials made from these materials.
• Calcium-containing, porous mineral materials are mineral materials according to the definition given above, which have at least a detectable calcium content and in which intentional pore formation can also be detected.
• a biopolymer is a polymer synthesized in cells of living things (native polymer).
• the term biopolymer within the meaning of the present invention also includes biopolymers which can be modified from organic compounds in cells of living beings (eg by fermentation in bacteria) and obtained therefrom (biogenic polymers), as well as derivatives of biopolymers. Polymers based on petroleum, which are biodegradable, do not come under the term biopolymers in the sense of the present invention.
• a low-sulphate material has a sulphate content of no more than 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the material.
• a sulphate-free material has no measurable sulphate content.
• the present invention relates to calcium-containing, porous, mineral materials with a sulfate content of not more than 1.5% by weight and a content of biopolymers in the range from 0.001 to 5.00% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the materials.
• the calcium-containing, porous, mineral materials are preferably selected from the following list:
• Porous refractory materials refractory ceramics, refractory concrete, i.e. Materials used in high-temperature processes (> 600 °C) or for lining furnaces or thermal aggregates
• Porous mineral building materials containing calcium are preferred, preferably from the above list.
• Aerated concrete, foamed concrete, foamed cement and lime foam are particularly preferred, and aerated concrete is very particularly preferred.
• the materials have a sulfate content of no more than 1.5% by weight, preferably no more than 1.0% by weight, particularly preferably no more than 0.7% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the materials. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the materials do not contain any measurable percentage by weight of sulfate.
• the materials according to the invention are therefore low in sulfate or sulfate-free.
• the sulfate content can be detected or determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis on the material or on samples of the material.
• the materials preferably have a content of biopolymers in the range from 0.001% by weight to 5.00% by weight, more preferably from 0.01% by weight to 2.50% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05% by weight until 1.00% by weight, most preferably from 0.1% to 0.50% by weight, based on the total weight of the materials.
• the proportion of biopolymers can be determined using the usual detection methods such as FTIR, Raman spectroscopy or
• the biopolymers are preferably biopolymers that form a hydrogel and form cross-links via divalent ions, such as calcium or magnesium ions, preferably calcium ions.
• the biopolymers are preferably temperature-resistant and/or stable over a wide pH range, preferably in the alkaline range.
• the materials can contain one or more biopolymers.
• the materials preferably contain a biopolymer.
• Preferred biopolymers are polysaccharides such as alginic acid and its derivatives, pectin(s) and its derivatives, poly-L-guluronic acid and its derivatives, poly-D-mannuronic acid and its derivatives, agar-agar, carrageen, furcellaran, tragacanth, gum arabic, xanthan , Karaya, Gellan and mixtures thereof, preferably alginic acid and its derivatives, pectin(s) and its derivatives and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably alginic acid and its derivatives and mixtures thereof.
• Derivatives in this context are, for example, salts, esters, amides or glycols.
• Preferred alginic acid derivatives are salts of alginic acid such as sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, and propylene glycol alginate.
• Preferred pectin derivatives are high ester pectins with a degree of esterification of more than 50%, low ester pectins with a degree of esterification of 5-50%, pectic acids and amido pectins.
• Particularly preferred biopolymers are alginic acid, sodium alginate and
• ammonium alginate most preferably alginic acid and ammonium alginate.
• the materials have no detectable content of plasticizers, such as surface-active substances such as naphthalene sulfonates or lignin sulfonates, or dispersing substances such as melamine resins, polycarboxylates or polycarboxylate ethers.
• plasticizers such as surface-active substances such as naphthalene sulfonates or lignin sulfonates, or dispersing substances such as melamine resins, polycarboxylates or polycarboxylate ethers.
• the materials can be manufactured in all known dry bulk density classes.
• the materials therefore preferably have a dry bulk density of 50 to 1000 kg/m 3 .
• the advantages of the process described below for the production of the materials according to the invention are particularly evident in the production of materials with a low dry bulk density.
• the materials therefore preferably have a dry bulk density of 50 to 400 kg/m 3 .
• the present invention relates to a method for producing calcium-containing, porous, mineral materials as described herein, containing the following method steps: a) producing an aqueous suspension containing a calcium oxide source, optionally one or more other mineral raw material sources and one or more biopolymers; b) producing a green compact from the suspension from method step a); c) hardening of the green compact from process step b); d) Obtaining the calcium-containing, porous, mineral material.
• the method according to the invention includes methods in which the green compact is hardened by autoclaving, for example in the production of aerated concrete.
• the method contains the following method steps: a) production of an aqueous suspension containing a source of calcium oxide, a source of silicate and one or more biopolymers; b) producing a green compact from the suspension from method step a); c) autoclaving the green compact from process step b) in saturated steam in a temperature range from 100° C. to 200° C.; d) Obtaining the calcium-containing, porous mineral material.
• the green compact can be cured in air at room temperature or at elevated temperature in a drying cabinet or heating oven.
• the process contains the following process steps: a) production of an aqueous suspension containing a calcium oxide source, optionally further mineral raw material sources and one or more biopolymers; b) producing a green compact from the suspension from method step a); c) hardening of the green compact from process step b) in air at room temperature or at elevated temperature in a drying cabinet or heating oven; d) Obtaining the calcium-containing, porous mineral material.
• the suspension for porosity for example, proteins, surfactants, aluminum powder (possibly with adjustment of the pH of the suspension) and other substances used for this purpose, if necessary as a prefabricated Added foam.
• the mineral foam produced in this way can then be poured into an appropriate mold.
• the resulting green compact is usually cured in air. Suitable processes for this embodiment are described, for example, in DE 19632666 CI or DE 10314879 A1.
• the suspension is preferably produced according to process step a) by mixing a dry mass with water.
• the dry matter contains a mixture of a calcium oxide source, optionally one or more other mineral raw material sources, and one or more biopolymers and possible other additives.
• the source of calcium oxide is preferably selected from lime such as quick lime or slaked lime or mixtures thereof.
• the source of lime does not contain any cement or sources of calcium sulfate such as gypsum/anhydrite/bassanite.
• the dry matter can contain one or more other mineral raw material sources.
• a silicate source preferably selected from quartz sand, fly ash and amorphous silicates or mixtures thereof, is usually added to the dry mass as a further mineral raw material source.
• the biopolymers are preferably biopolymers that form a hydrogel and form cross-links via divalent ions, such as calcium or magnesium ions, preferably calcium ions.
• the biopolymers are preferably temperature-resistant and/or stable over a wide pH range, preferably in the alkaline range.
• Preferred biopolymers are polysaccharides such as alginic acid and its derivatives, pectin(s) and its derivatives, poly-L-guluronic acid and its derivatives, poly-D-mannuronic acid and its derivatives, agar-agar, carrageen, furcellaran, tragacanth, gum arabic, xanthan , Karaya, gellan and mixtures thereof, preferably alginic acid and its derivatives, pectin and its derivatives and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably alginic acid and its derivatives and mixtures thereof.
• Derivatives in this context are, for example, salts, esters, amides or glycols.
• Preferred alginic acid derivatives are salts of alginic acid such as sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate and propylene glycol alginate.
• Preferred pectin derivatives are high esterified pectins with a degree of esterification of more than 50%, low esterified pectins with a degree of esterification of 5-50%, pectic acids and amido pectins.
• Particularly preferred biopolymers are alginic acid, sodium alginate and
• ammonium alginate most preferably alginic acid and ammonium alginate.
• the proportion of calcium oxide sources in the dry mass is preferably within the range customary for the respective material.
• the proportion of calcium oxide sources in the dry mass is usually 20 to 50% by weight, preferably 25 to 48% by weight, particularly preferably 28 to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the dry mass.
• the proportion of possible other sources of raw materials in the dry matter is preferably within the usual range for the respective material.
• the proportion of silicate sources in the dry mass is usually 35 to 60% by weight, preferably 40 to 58% by weight, particularly preferably 45 to 55% by weight, based on the total weight of the dry mass.
• the proportion of the biopolymers in the dry matter is usually 0.001 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the dry matter.
• a binder such as calcium oxide, cement, gypsum/anhydrite/bassanite or the like is usually added to the dry mass or the suspension, which serves to give the green compact a certain stability.
• the addition of the biopolymers means that cement, specifically Portland cement, can be completely or partially dispensed with as a binder.
• cement specifically Portland cement
• the use of binders in general can even be completely dispensed with.
• the level of binders can generally be significantly reduced.
• Suitable binders in the method according to the invention are, for example, cement, CA cement, hydraulic lime, burnt lime, clay, loam, resins, waxes and alkaline-activated binder systems.
• the binders have low sulfate content or no measurable sulfate content.
• the proportion of possible binders in the dry matter is preferably within the usual range for the respective material. In some embodiments, a lower level of binder than usual can be used. In some other embodiments, binders can be omitted entirely.
• the proportion of cement-based binders in the dry mass is usually 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 17% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the dry mass.
• the dry mass or the suspension can contain pore formers. These are preferably added to the suspension.
• pore formers are a reactive metal powder, hydrogen peroxide and others. In the manufacture of some materials, other porosity processes are used instead of pore formers.
• Porosity through pore formers or other porosity processes serves to adjust the density of the materials.
• the proportion of possible pore-forming agents in the dry matter is preferably within the usual range for the respective material.
• the dry mass contains the smallest possible proportion of sulphate-containing materials such as gypsum, portland cement, anhydrite or bassanite or mixtures thereof.
• the dry matter preferably contains sulphate-containing materials in a proportion by weight of from 0 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0 to 8% by weight, particularly preferably from 0 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the dry matter.
• the dry mass does not contain any sulphate-containing materials, such as gypsum, portland cement, anhydrite, bassanite or mixtures thereof.
• the dry mass preferably contains no flow agents selected from surface-active substances such as naphthalene sulfonates or lignin sulfonates, or dispersing substances such as melamine resins, polycarboxylates or polycarboxylate ethers.
• the suspension is made from the dry mass by adding water.
• a green compact is formed from the suspension as described above.
• the suspension is usually filled into a mold which is preferably coated or wetted with a release agent.
• the suspension usually foams and swells in the mold through the formation of gas bubbles from a chemical reaction of the porogen with the source of calcium oxide.
• the suspension is usually first foamed and the mineral foam then filled into a mold.
• the suspension usually stiffens to a cake after foaming to such an extent that it can be cut into blocks and the green body is thus obtained.
• the setting time is preferably within the usual range for the respective material.
• the green body can be examined for the above components.
• the proportions of calcium oxide sources, other optional raw material sources, biopolymers and other optional additives can be calculated back to the above proportions in the dry matter by deducting the proportion of water in the green compact.
• no additives are added to the green body that increase the proportion of sulfate and/or plasticizer in the green body.
• process step c) the green compact from process step b) is cured.
• Suitable processes for hardening the green body are:
• the green compact is hardened by autoclaving. This embodiment is preferably used in the production of aerated concrete according to the invention.
• the green compact from process step b) is now autoclaved in the next process step at an elevated temperature of 100 to 250° C. in a saturated steam atmosphere.
• the autoclaving conditions are not specific to this embodiment of the method according to the invention and can be selected from the conditions known in the prior art depending on the materials used and the desired profile of properties of the materials to be achieved.
• Process step c) usually takes place in an autoclave.
• Water vapor is usually supplied via a steam generator.
• Autoclaving is usually carried out over a period of 2 to 15 hours, preferably 3 to 12 hours.
• the green compact hardens, so that the calcium-containing porous mineral material, preferably an aerated concrete, is formed. This is obtained after the conclusion of method step c).
• the calcium-containing porous mineral material thus obtained preferably aerated concrete, preferably has all the features and properties as described herein.
• the biopolymers added to the suspension take on various tasks:
• the biopolymers ensure that the green body is stabilized. This stabilization enables high porosity and thus a reduction in the dry bulk density of the material.
• the stabilization of the green compact can be observed in particular with materials such as foamed concrete, foamed cement, alkaline-activated building materials, porous refractory materials, porous minerals
• biopolymers Another central task of biopolymers is their strength-increasing function.
• binder especially cement and especially Portland cement
• the proportion of binder, especially cement and especially Portland cement can be reduced in some materials, which leads to a reduction in the sulfate content in these materials and greatly reduces the CCh equivalents of the final material.
• This property of the biopolymers can be observed specifically in materials such as aerated concrete, porous mineral insulating materials for the construction industry based on aerated concrete, porous mineral insulating materials for industrial insulation based on aerated concrete or porous mineral-based sound absorbers as described above.
• biopolymers can regulate the water balance during the manufacturing process by positively influencing the water retention capacity of the mixture.
• biopolymers contribute to the adjustment of flowability and shearing properties.
• biopolymers can partially or completely imitate the function of calcium sulfate and thus replace it.
• the ions are complexed by the polymer chains and structures are formed that are reminiscent of an egg carton and lead to the formation or additional stabilization of a hydrogel.
• the viscosity and the shearing properties of the base mass are changed during the mixing process.
• the system is influenced by the fact that calcium ions are held in the hydrogel system.
• the hydrogel also acts as a regulator for the water balance, which in turn can have a positive effect on a subsequent autoclaving process.
• FIG. 2 shows the surface structures of autoclaved aerated concrete with the addition of sodium alginate (left) and ammonium alginate (right). Both have one uniform platelet formation, with the effect appearing to be even more pronounced when ammonium alginate is added.
• the biopolymers can therefore imitate and take over the task of gypsum/anhydrite/bassanite or binders (especially Portland cement).
• the above-mentioned effects can already be achieved with low proportions by weight of biopolymer in the materials according to the invention, so that only a small proportion of biopolymer of no more than 1.00% by weight can be detected in the finished material. Due to this low weight proportion, no complex approval procedures for the materials are necessary. Higher additions of the biopolymers are, however, possible and generally only through economic ones
• the proportion of sulphate-containing materials and superplasticizers can be significantly or even completely reduced.
• the CCk equivalents can be significantly reduced by dispensing with cement.
• the materials fall into a lower landfill class and can be recycled more advantageously.
• the present invention relates to the use of biopolymers for the production of low-sulphate, calcium-containing, porous, mineral materials.
• biopolymers and the low-sulphate, calcium-containing, porous, mineral materials preferably have all the features and properties as described herein.
• the properties of the biopolymers as stabilizers are preferably subject to the effects described herein.
• the dry bulk density was determined according to DIN EN 772-13 after drying the cubes at a temperature of 105 ⁇ 5° C. in an oven in order to obtain a constant weight. b) Detection of biopolymers in the material
• Samples (10g) of the final products were ground and placed in an alcoholic solution (methanol, ethanol, etc.).
• the amount of solvent is not critical and can be selected disproportionately, as in the present case (1 part solid, 10 parts solvent).
• a shaking table, stirrer, shaker or similar can also be used to accelerate the process.
• the liquid mixture was drawn off after 2 weeks.
• the suspended matter still present in the mixture was removed by centrifugation.
• the solvent was then removed by evaporation.
• the mixture was placed in a petri dish and slightly warmed.
• the solid remaining at the bottom was then subsequently identified via IR spectroscopy (FTIR).
• FTIR spectroscopy
• other analysis methods are also possible (Raman, GC/MS etc.).
• XRF X-ray fluorescence analysis
• Pressings of the material samples were first produced for the XRF analysis: The sample was crushed using a planetary ball mill with a tungsten carbide grinding tool. For this purpose, 4-6 ml of the sample were put into the grinding bowl five milling balls and milled at 300 rpm for three minutes. The ground sample was passed through an analysis sieve with a mesh size of 50 gm. A corresponding residue on the sieve was ground again for three minutes at 300 rpm. This process was repeated until the entire sample had a particle size of ⁇ 50 gm. Due to multiple grinding operations, the overall sample had to be homogenized by placing it in a sample beaker and shaking it for one minute. The use of other types of mills, grinding bodies and grinding parameters is also conceivable.
• An X-ray spectrometer with helium flow was used for the XRF analysis.
• the finished compacts were placed in the ready-to-operate X-ray spectrometer and placed in the measuring position.
• a qualitative analysis must be carried out beforehand in order to identify possible line overlaps.
• the reference samples are to be measured under the same conditions.
• a suspension was produced from dry matter according to Table 1 and water with a water/dry matter ratio of 0.7.
• Table 1 Composition of the dry matter of the suspension
• Alginic acid (sample 1), ammonium alginate (sample 2) and sodium alginate (sample 3) were used as biopolymers, each in the above-mentioned proportion. Thus, three different suspensions with different biopolymers were prepared.

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