EP4177561A1 - Échangeur de chaleur, pompe à chaleur et procédé de sécurisation forestière d'un échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur, pompe à chaleur et procédé de sécurisation forestière d'un échangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4177561A1
EP4177561A1 EP22202473.9A EP22202473A EP4177561A1 EP 4177561 A1 EP4177561 A1 EP 4177561A1 EP 22202473 A EP22202473 A EP 22202473A EP 4177561 A1 EP4177561 A1 EP 4177561A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
heat
tubes
connecting device
condensate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22202473.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arnold Wohlfeil
Johann Wienen
Andreas Veiser
Thomas Reinertz
Birgit Reckhaus
Tobias Grünwald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4177561A1 publication Critical patent/EP4177561A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
    • F24F1/14—Heat exchangers specially adapted for separate outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
    • F24F13/222—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/006—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass for preventing frost
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/14—Collecting or removing condensed and defrost water; Drip trays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F17/00—Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28F17/005—Means for draining condensates from heat exchangers, e.g. from evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0131—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0132—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by slats, tie-rods, articulated or expandable rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, a heat pump and a method for protecting a heat exchanger from freezing.
  • a heat pump absorbs heat from a heat source, such as groundwater, geothermal energy or outside air, and delivers it to a desired location.
  • a heat source such as groundwater, geothermal energy or outside air
  • heat exchangers also referred to as heat exchangers, are often used, which transfer heat from the ambient air to a transfer medium, such as brine or refrigerant, through free or, in particular, forced conditions.
  • a finned tube heat exchanger in which the heat transfer tubes are combined in part in a meandering pattern to form a tube package.
  • the disadvantage of such an arrangement in the heat exchanger is that condensate that forms in the heat exchanger can freeze at low temperatures and thus block the heat exchanger for outside air to circulate. As a result, the heat exchanger can no longer extract heat from the environment and a complex defrosting process has to be initiated.
  • the object of the invention to propose a heat exchanger which at least partially overcomes the problems of the prior art described.
  • the heat exchanger should enable safe operation even at low temperatures and be insensitive to condensate that forms.
  • the heat exchanger should be simple and inexpensive to produce. Furthermore, a method for frost protection of a heat exchanger is to be specified, which effectively prevents the heat exchanger from freezing up and without a high expenditure of energy.
  • a heat exchanger contributes to this, having a large number of tubes which are arranged largely vertically and in parallel in the intended installed state and which are connected via at least one connecting device, the connecting device being arranged largely horizontally in the installed state and shaped in such a way that condensate that forms in the installed state is directed in the direction of a Flow point of the connecting device flows.
  • largely vertical means here that at least a section of the tubes in an area (in particular in an area in which the tube is connected via the connecting device) is vertical.
  • Perfect here also includes small deviations of, for example, a few angular degrees compared to a perfectly perpendicular alignment.
  • Some of the heat exchangers presented can in particular be a shell and tube heat exchanger, so that the heat transfer medium supplied to the heat transfer medium is distributed over the parallel pipes.
  • a meandering routing of the tubes in the heat exchanger would also be conceivable, so that the heat transfer medium supplied flows through the parallel tubes of the heat exchanger one after the other.
  • the tubes of the heat exchanger presented here can be designed to be pressure-stable and have any cross-section, but in particular a circular cross-section.
  • the tubes can be made of stainless steel.
  • the at least one connecting device can be connected to the tubes of the heat exchanger, which are arranged vertically in the installed state, in such a way that condensate running down the tubes is routed to the connecting device.
  • the heat exchanger is set up to be installed in a state tilted (slightly) by an angle of attack, so that condensate running down due to gravity runs off on the side of the connecting device.
  • connecting devices which are connected to the pipes at a uniform distance above one another and preferably parallel to one another.
  • the connecting devices can also have heat-conducting ribs that increase the surface area of the connecting devices, so that heat can be absorbed via the surfaces of the connecting devices, then conducted through the connecting devices to the tubes and transferred to the heat transfer medium circulating in the tubes.
  • the connecting devices are particularly preferably made from a material with good thermal conductivity (in particular from a metal). It is possible that the connecting means and the tubes are made of the same material; but it is also possible, for example, that the tubes are provided with copper and the connecting devices (fins) with an aluminum alloy.
  • the connecting devices act as ribs for absorbing heat and are in heat-conducting contact with the tubes, the connecting devices regularly have a temperature difference to the environment, which promotes the formation of condensate here.
  • condensate that forms on the pipes at the connection points of pipes and connection devices is routed to the connection device.
  • the described design of a drainage point of the connecting device enables such condensate to be discharged in a targeted manner.
  • a connecting device can be a band-shaped structure that is connected to the tubes of the heat exchanger at a first longitudinal edge and has an angle to the tubes so that, due to gravity, condensate from the tubes and the first longitudinal edge of the connecting device to the second longitudinal edge of the Connection device (that is, in a direction away from the pipes) can flow.
  • the connecting device is shaped in such a way that condensate that has overflowed from the tubes of the heat exchanger onto the connecting device flows at the connecting device due to gravity in the direction of a drainage point.
  • the at least one connecting device can advantageously be configured in a U-shape or V-shape at least in sections for this purpose.
  • connection device can have a flow area for condensate in the installed state, which is located lower than the connection area with the pipe, so that condensate located on the connection device (and flowing in the direction of the outflow point) does not flow into the pipes of the heat exchanger due to gravity can flow back.
  • the designation in the installed state is to be understood in particular to mean that a heat exchanger proposed here can assume a position in space in which the functional features mentioned apply. This position can be an advantageous installation position, for example in a heat pump.
  • the connecting device can have a discharge device in the area of a discharge point, which diverts the condensate flow away from the tubes of the heat exchanger.
  • the discharge device in the area of the discharge point can be an edge projecting out of the connection device in the direction normal to the plane formed by the pipes.
  • the discharge device can advantageously be a welded seam, for example. Such an embodiment is particularly easy to implement in terms of production technology.
  • the heat exchanger can have a heating device in the area of at least one discharge point and/or a discharge device exhibit.
  • freezing of condensate can be prevented and/or already frozen condensate can be melted using very little energy.
  • connecting devices can be provided. These connecting devices can in particular be arranged in parallel and one above the other in the installed state.
  • the drainage points and/or discharge devices can also be arranged one above the other in the installed state of several connecting devices arranged one above the other.
  • the drainage points and/or discharge devices arranged one above the other can be connected by means of a drainage guide.
  • a drainage guide can be connected by means of a drainage guide.
  • uncontrolled dripping of the condensate can be avoided and controlled drainage via the drain guide can be achieved.
  • this also makes it possible to collect the condensate that occurs and to discharge it via a drain, for example from the housing of a heat pump.
  • the drain guide can be designed to be heatable.
  • the drain can be designed as a heating rod.
  • all or a large number of the discharge points and/or discharge devices can thus be heated in a simple manner.
  • the at least one discharge point, the at least one discharge device and/or the discharge guide can be heated
  • a heat pump having a heat exchanger proposed here.
  • This is in particular an air heat pump, for example in a monoblock design.
  • the heat exchanger can be arranged in particular in an outer part of a split heat pump and set up to absorb heat from the ambient air for transport to an inner part of the split heat pump.
  • the split heat pump can have a refrigeration circuit through which a heat transfer medium flows, with the tubes of the heat exchanger being part of the refrigeration circuit.
  • the outdoor part can have a fan that generates a flow of outside air through the heat exchanger.
  • the at least one connecting device and, connected thereto, at least one discharge device and the drain guide can be arranged on the side of the heat exchanger facing away from the blower.
  • the flow of ambient air generated by the blower can promote drainage of the condensate in the direction of the connecting device.
  • the heat exchanger in the heat pump can be arranged (slightly) tilted by an angle of attack, so that the condensate can flow away in the direction of the connecting device due to gravity.
  • the heat exchanger can be arranged in the heat pump in such a way that the lower area of the heat exchanger is closer to an adjacent and vertically arranged blower than the upper area of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger can, for example, be tilted by an angle of attack in a range between 1°-5° [degrees] relative to the vertical direction.
  • Steps a) and b) are carried out at least once in the specified sequence in a regular operating sequence.
  • steps a) and b) can be carried out at regular time intervals.
  • the parameter recorded according to step a) can in particular be a temperature in the area of the heat exchanger and/or a recorded pressure, for example between the heat exchanger and the fan.
  • the limit value characterizes a threshold value of the parameter below which freezing of the heat exchanger is to be expected and/or indicates a reduced flowability of the heat exchanger.
  • a computer program is proposed, set up to carry out a method presented here.
  • a heat exchanger, a heat pump and a method for frost protection of a heat exchanger are thus specified here, which at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • the heat exchanger and the heat pump contribute at least to ensuring safe operation of a heat pump at temperatures below the dew point.
  • the invention can be implemented with simple means and particularly inexpensively.
  • the heat exchanger 1 shows a schematic example of a heat exchanger 1 proposed here in the installed position, for example in an external part of a heat pump.
  • the heat exchanger 1 can have tubes 2 which are arranged as vertically as possible and through which a heat transfer medium can flow.
  • the pipes 2 can be connected to one another by connecting devices 3, the connecting devices 3 being slightly curved or U-shaped, so that a drainage point 11 is defined at the respective lowest point of the connecting device 3 with respect to the installation position. Due to the installation position and the slightly curved or U-shaped design of the connecting devices 3, does condensate that forms in the area of the tubes 2 flow over from the tubes 2 due to gravity? the connecting devices 3 to the respective drainage points 11. In the region of the drainage points 11, a drainage guide 4 can be arranged largely vertically, which connects the drainage points 11. The condensate can thus be fed from the drainage points 11 to the drainage guide 4 due to gravity.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic, exemplary sectional view of an outer part of a heat pump 5.
  • the outer part of the heat pump 5 stands in the vertical direction on the ground 8 and has a blower 6, which is also aligned in the vertical direction.
  • the blower 6 conveys ambient air through the heat exchanger 1 in a flow direction 10.
  • the heat exchanger 1 can be tilted by an angle of attack 7 relative to the vertical direction and/or the blower 6.
  • the angle of attack 7 can be 5° [degrees], for example.
  • condensate forming on the tubes 2 of the heat exchanger 1 can flow away on the side facing away from the fan 6 in the direction of the ground 8 and can thus be fed to the connecting devices 3, then to the drainage points 11 of the connecting devices 3 and further to the drainage guide 4.
  • In the area of the lower end of the Drain guide 4 can be provided in the housing of the outer part of the heat pump 5, an outlet for the condensate.
  • a temperature sensor 9 can also be provided on the heat exchanger 1, with which a temperature can be detected according to step a) of the method proposed here for frost protection of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the temperature sensor 9 can be connected to a regulation and control unit 12 that carries out a method proposed here.
  • the drain guide 4 can have a heating device or be designed as a heating rod.
  • step b) of the method proposed here after falling below a limit value that indicates a forest hazard and can be stored in a memory of the regulation and control unit 12, the heating device of the drain guide 4 can be switched on and thus prevent the condensate from freezing or thawing cause.
  • the regulating and control unit 12 can also be electrically connected to the discharge guide 4 or to a heating device arranged there.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP22202473.9A 2021-11-04 2022-10-19 Échangeur de chaleur, pompe à chaleur et procédé de sécurisation forestière d'un échangeur de chaleur Pending EP4177561A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021128714.6A DE102021128714A1 (de) 2021-11-04 2021-11-04 Wärmeübertrager, Wärmepumpe und Verfahren zur Forstsicherung eines Wärmeübertragers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4177561A1 true EP4177561A1 (fr) 2023-05-10

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22202473.9A Pending EP4177561A1 (fr) 2021-11-04 2022-10-19 Échangeur de chaleur, pompe à chaleur et procédé de sécurisation forestière d'un échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4177561A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021128714A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4041727A (en) * 1975-09-02 1977-08-16 Borg-Warner Corporation Evaporator assembly
DE2829456A1 (de) 1977-07-22 1979-02-01 Carrier Corp Waermetauscher
DE10303595A1 (de) 2003-01-30 2004-08-19 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Dearborn Mehrkanal-Wärmeübertrager- und Anschlusseinheit
WO2014059900A1 (fr) * 2012-10-15 2014-04-24 三花控股集团有限公司 Structure de déviation d'eau condensée destinée à un échangeur thermique, et échangeur thermique
EP3012568A1 (fr) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-27 ABB Technology Oy Dispositif de refroidissement et ensemble électrique refroidi le comprenant

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019000638B3 (de) 2019-01-30 2020-06-25 Hans-Peter Höcker Hocheffiziente Hochtemperatur-Wärmepumpe zum Heizen und Kühlen von Gebäuden, mit einer Kombination von zylindrisch angeordneten Wärmetauschern, welche sich in einem Wärmespeicher befinden und durch ein flüssiges Speichermedium so angeströmt werden, dass eine zylindrische Kreisbewegung entsteht.
DE102019008908A1 (de) 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Lüftungsgerät

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4041727A (en) * 1975-09-02 1977-08-16 Borg-Warner Corporation Evaporator assembly
DE2829456A1 (de) 1977-07-22 1979-02-01 Carrier Corp Waermetauscher
DE10303595A1 (de) 2003-01-30 2004-08-19 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Dearborn Mehrkanal-Wärmeübertrager- und Anschlusseinheit
WO2014059900A1 (fr) * 2012-10-15 2014-04-24 三花控股集团有限公司 Structure de déviation d'eau condensée destinée à un échangeur thermique, et échangeur thermique
EP3012568A1 (fr) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-27 ABB Technology Oy Dispositif de refroidissement et ensemble électrique refroidi le comprenant

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