Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
  • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
  • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
  • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H1/00—Contacts
  • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
  • H01H1/5833—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals comprising an articulating, sliding or rolling contact between movable contact and terminal
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
  • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
  • H01H2033/6665—Details concerning the mounting or supporting of the individual vacuum bottles

Definitions

• the invention relates to a high-voltage circuit breaker and a method for producing a high-voltage circuit breaker, with at least one vacuum interrupter, which is mounted by at least one holder of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
• High-voltage circuit breakers are designed to switch voltages in the range of up to 1200 kV voltage and in the range of up to a few thousand amperes of current.
• High-voltage circuit breakers include z. B. a housing with at least one switching contact on a carrier.
• the housing is z. B. an I solator, in particular made of ceramic, silicone and / or composite material, which z. B. is designed in the form of a circular-cylindrical hollow body, in particular with umbrella-shaped ribs on the outer circumference to extend leakage currents.
• the housing of dead-tank high-voltage circuit breakers is grounded, and e.g. B. made from a hollow cylindrical metal tank, inside which at least one switching contact is arranged.
• the switching contact comprises at least two contact pieces, e.g. B. a fixed and a movable contact piece, which are made of an electrically conductive material, z. B. steel, aluminum and/or copper.
• a switching contact z. B. at least two movable contact pieces, exemplary embodiments with two movable contact pieces being analogous to a fixed and a movable contact piece with regard to the present invention, and are not described further below for the sake of simplicity.
• the contact pieces of the switching contact are arranged in the high-voltage circuit breaker or stored by brackets, in- particularly movably or fixedly mounted and, in particular, enclosed in a gas-tight manner by the housing.
• the housing is insulated or Switching gas, in particular SF 6 and/or Clean Air, filled.
• Switch contacts include z. B. Rated current and / or arcing contacts and are electrically by the switching gas of certain devices of the high-voltage circuit breaker, z. B. the drive, and the environment isolated.
• switching gases such as B. SF 6 are harmful to the climate and/or may contain toxic components.
• a gas-tight, permanent seal of the housing is necessary, which is complex, time-consuming and expensive.
• Also complicated and costly at the end of a life cycle of a high-voltage circuit breaker is the environmentally friendly disposal of the switching gas in particular.
• An environmentally friendly alternative is to use vacuum tubes in the classic enclosures described earlier.
• a vacuum interrupter is arranged and connected inside a housing in a mechanically stable and electrically conductive manner between at least two external electrical connections.
• B. are designed in the form of connecting lugs for connecting high-voltage lines, power generators and/or power consumers.
• the structure of a vacuum interrupter for high-voltage circuit breakers is z. B. known from EP 0 102 317 A2.
• the vacuum interrupter includes a housing in the form of a circular, straight cylinder, which is evacuated on the inside.
• the housing is z. B. made of two equal, straight, cylindrical halves made of ceramic or Built up ceramic parts, which cylinder or over a metal. are joined via a metal part with transition pieces in the middle of the housing. The transition pieces are in the housing as shielding electrodes or shielding performed.
• the vacuum interrupter comprises at least one electrical contact with a fixed and a movable contact piece.
• the contact pieces are plate-shaped in the vacuum interrupter and are surrounded by a vacuum. To the outside, the contact pieces are guided in the form of bolts and each electrically connected to an external electrical connection z. B. connected in the form of a terminal lug of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
• the movable contact piece is movably guided and mounted in the vacuum interrupter via a bellows vacuum-tight.
• the vacuum interrupter is designed to be long to ensure sufficient internal clearances.
• the straight cylindrical halves made of ceramic or Ceramic parts of the housing of the vacuum interrupter are z. B. constructed from several parts, which are joined together with transition pieces via metal parts. The transition pieces are each in the housing as shielding clear or . shielding performed. A connection of ceramic parts of the housing via metal parts, which z. B. are made of copper and / or steel, z. B. by soldering .
• the contact pieces of the vacuum interrupter are coupled, in particular to the holders for storing the contact pieces, and thus to the drive and/or to stationary, conductive components of the high-voltage circuit breaker, by means of clamp connections.
• the brackets are z. B. made of aluminum and/or steel .
• Aluminum has a low mass and enables acceleration of the drive to be transmitted to the movable contact piece with little energy expenditure, and enables the fixed contact piece in the high-voltage circuit breaker to be fixed simply and inexpensively with a low-weight bracket.
• Contact pieces of the vacuum interrupter are designed for a high current carrying capacity, e.g. B. made of copper .
• connection of the contact pieces with the respective holder is produced by the clamping connection, in particular between the aluminum and copper parts.
• the form-fit clamp connection includes two electrical transition points, which ensure increased heating and electrical losses in the switch. With very high currents of up to a few thousand amperes, very high electrical losses can occur and high temperatures in the switch can lead to damage and/or destruction.
• the object of the present invention is to specify a high-voltage circuit breaker and a method for producing a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular a high-voltage circuit breaker described above, which solve the problems described above.
• it is an object to provide a high-voltage circuit breaker in which at least one vacuum interrupter is arranged or mechanically stable. is stored, with low electrical losses when switched on and with little heat generation, especially at high currents.
• the specified object is achieved according to the invention by a high-voltage circuit breaker having the features according to patent claim 1 and/or by a method for producing a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular a high-voltage circuit breaker described above, according to patent claim 11 .
• a high-voltage circuit breaker comprises at least one vacuum interrupter, which is mounted by at least one mount of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
• the at least one vacuum interrupter is inseparably connected to the at least one holder.
• the at least one vacuum interrupter can comprise at least one fixed and at least one movable contact piece, with at least one holder on one side of the at least one fixed contact piece and with at least one holder on one side of the at least one movable contact piece.
• two movable contact pieces can be included.
• the at least one vacuum interrupter can be inseparably connected to the at least one holder by a welded connection, in particular by an electron beam welded welded connection.
• Welded connections, in particular electron beam welded connections have a high mechanical stability, can be produced easily and inexpensively, and enable a good current flow across the welded connection with low electrical losses and low heat generation, especially at high currents.
• the at least one vacuum interrupter can be inseparably connected to the at least one holder in each case by an intermediate piece.
• An intermediate piece can enable a simple, inexpensive, mechanically stable connection of the contact pieces of the vacuum interrupter to the holders, in particular with low contact resistance.
• the intermediate piece can comprise at least two, in particular exactly two areas, in particular an area made of copper and an area made of aluminum, the two areas being in particular cohesively and inseparably connected to one another, in particular connected by explosive and/or rolled plating.
• An intermediate piece with the properties described above enables a mechanically stable connection of the contact pieces of the vacuum interrupter with the holders, in particular with low contact resistance, at low cost.
• a cohesive connection by means of explosive and/or rolled plating of two areas, in particular an aluminum area and a copper area produces an intermediate piece with high mechanical stability and low electrical resistance.
• the at least one vacuum interrupter in particular the at least one fixed and the at least one movable contact piece of the at least one vacuum interrupter , can each be connected to an intermediate piece, in particular by electron beam welding, and/or the intermediate piece can comprise two areas of different materials, the two Areas cohesively, can be inseparably connected to one another by explosive and/or rolling plating, and/or the intermediate piece can be inseparably connected to at least one holder, in particular by electron beam welding.
• the at least one vacuum interrupter in particular the at least one fixed and the at least one movable contact piece of the at least one vacuum interrupter , can consist of copper and/or comprise copper, and/or the intermediate piece can comprise a copper area which is connected to the copper of the vacuum interrupter can be inseparably connected, in particular by electron beam welding, and/or the holder can each consist of aluminum and/or comprise aluminum, and/or the intermediate piece can comprise an aluminum area which can be inseparably connected to the aluminum of the holder, in particular by electricity - ron beam welding can be inextricably linked .
• a stable material connection between aluminum and copper is difficult to produce.
• a spacer with two sections, one aluminum and one copper, is easily and inexpensively manufactured by explosive and/or rolled cladding.
• an electron beam welding between aluminum and aluminum and between copper and copper is easy and inexpensive possible without mechanical stress such.
• the high-voltage circuit breaker can be designed to switch voltages in the range from a few kilovolts to a range of 1200 kilovolts.
• the advantages described above occur in particular in the case of high-voltage circuit breakers which are designed to switch the current and/or voltage ranges mentioned above.
• the high-voltage circuit breaker can include a switching gas, in particular SF 6 and/or clean air, and the vacuum interrupter and/or the at least one holder can be spatially encompassed by the switching gas.
• a switching gas in particular SF 6 and/or clean air
• the vacuum interrupter and/or the at least one holder can be spatially encompassed by the switching gas.
• the at least one holder can be designed to arrange the vacuum interrupter in a housing, in particular a closed insulator housing, in a mechanically stable manner, in particular with a spatially fixed holder and/or with a movably drivable, in particular via a drive. ren bracket . This is associated with the advantages described above for the high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular high reliability and a long service life.
• a method according to the invention for producing a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular a high-voltage circuit breaker described above, comprises at least one vacuum interrupter, which is supported by at least one holder, the at least one vacuum interrupter being inseparably connected to the at least one holder, in particular by electron beam welding.
• the at least one vacuum interrupter in particular the at least one fixed and the at least one movable contact piece of the at least one vacuum interrupter, which in particular comprise copper, can each be connected to an intermediate piece, in particular by electron beam welding, and/or the intermediate piece can have two areas made of different materials include, in particular copper and aluminum, wherein the two areas can be cohesively, inseparably connected to each other by explosive and / or roll plating, and / or the intermediate piece can each be inseparable with at least one bracket, which in particular comprises aluminum are connected, in particular by electron beam welding.
• the copper area of the spacer can be connected to the copper of the contact piece of the vacuum interrupter, and the aluminum area of the spacer can be connected to the aluminum of the bracket.
• Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a high-voltage circuit breaker 1 according to the invention viewed from one side, with a vacuum interrupter 2 supported by two mounts 3 and 4, contact pieces of the vacuum interrupter 2 being connected to the mounts 3 and 4 via intermediate pieces 7, and
• Figure 2 schematically in an enlarged sectional view, the intermediate piece 7 between the fixed contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 and a holder 3, and
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic, enlarged sectional view of the intermediate piece 7 between the movable contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 and a holder 4 which has a movable contact disk 5 in a fixed holder sleeve 6 .
• FIG. 1 shows a section of a high-voltage circuit breaker 1 according to the invention viewed from one side in a schematic sectional view.
• the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 includes a vacuum interrupter 2 with two mounts 3 and 4 .
• the vacuum interrupter 2 is z. B. designed to switch 35 kV and/or up to 145 kV .
• the vacuum interrupter 2 is z. B. circular cylindrical, with electrically conductive contacts, in particular a movable and a fixed contact z. B.
• the vacuum interrupter includes additional elements or parts such as e.g. B. shielding electrodes, which will not be discussed in detail below.
• the end of the fixed contact piece which forms one end of the vacuum interrupter 2 on the left side in FIG. 1, is electrically conductively connected to a spatially fixed holder 3 .
• the fixed bracket 3 is z. B. Hohlrohrf formed örmig, with an outwardly guided mounting flange at one end and an inner mounting plate or disc, which has ventilation openings, at the other end.
• the bracket 3 is z. B. aluminum.
• a mechanically stable, electrically highly conductive connection between the vacuum interrupter 2, d. H. the contact piece, in particular made of copper, and the holder 3, in particular made of aluminum, is difficult to produce using classic, in particular positive clamp connections. According to a mechanically stable, cohesive, electrically highly conductive connection of the contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 and the holder 3 by a permanent, d. H. inextricably linked.
• connection is not released without material destruction, in contrast to screw and/or clamp connections, which can be repeatedly made and released without permanent material destruction.
• the cohesive, electrically highly conductive connection of the contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 with the bracket 3 is via an intermediate piece 7, which z. B. is made by explosive and / or roll plating.
• a disc is B. copper and a disc is z. B. aluminum.
• the intermediate piece 7 which is assembled from the two discs, has one side of a first material 8, in particular copper, and one side of a second material 9, in particular aluminum.
• the intermediate piece 7 thus has two areas 8 and 9 of different material, in particular copper and aluminum, which z. B. are mechanically stable, electrically conductive, inseparably joined together by explosive and / or roll plating.
• the side of the first material 8 or the area, in particular made of copper, is z. B. by electron beam welding with the fixed contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 mechanically stable, good electrical conductivity, inseparably connected.
• the side of the second material 9 or the area, in particular made of aluminum, is z. B. by electron beam welding with the bracket 3 mechanically stable, good electrical conductivity, inseparably connected.
• the welded connections 10, in particular electron beam welded connections are mechanically strong, stable, permanent, i.e. inseparable and have a low contact resistance or are electrically conductive.
• the fixed contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 with the fixed support 3 is mechanically strong, stable, permanent, d. H.
• FIG. 3 shows one end of the movable contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 with a holder 4 .
• the Hal ment 4 includes a spatially fixed support sleeve 6, which is formed hohlrohrf örmig, in particular with a flange pulled outwards on one side, and the vacuum interrupter fitted into the hollow tube inserted, and z.
• the vacuum interrupter 2 is analogous, with the end of the fixed contact piece projecting into the hollow tubular holder 3, fitted into the hollow tube and pushed in, and z.
• FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the holder 4 with the fitted vacuum interrupter 2, the holder 4 including, in addition to the holder sleeve 6, a movable contact means 5, in particular a contact disk or inner contact sleeve, which is movably mounted in the spatially fixed holder sleeve 6 and z. B. is connected to a drive, in particular via a drive rod, which is not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity.
• the movable contact means 5 can be driven via the drive when switching, and in particular slides in a form-fitting manner in the fixed support sleeve 6 when moving.
• the holder 4 can be driven in a movable manner via a drive, d. H .
• the movable contact means 5 can be driven in the fixed mounting sleeve 6 in particular via the drive when switching.
• the end of the movable contact piece which in FIG. 1 forms one end of the vacuum interrupter 2 on the right-hand side, is electrically conductively connected to the holder 4 , in particular to the movable contact means 5 .
• the connection is shown enlarged in FIG.
• the bracket 4 is z. B. made of aluminum, i . H . that the fixed support sleeve 6 and / or that the movable contact means 5 are made of aluminum.
• a mechanically stable, electrically well conductive connection between the vacuum interrupter 2, d. H . the movable contact piece, in particular made of copper, and the support 4, d. H . the movable contact means 5, in particular Aluminum is difficult to produce using classic, in particular form-fitting clamp connections.
• a mechanically stable, cohesive, electrically highly conductive connection of the contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 and the holder 4, in particular with the movable contact means 5, is produced by a permanent, ie inseparable connection.
• inseparable also means, as previously described and as used below, that the connection is not released without material destruction, in contrast to screw and/or clamp connections, which can be repeatedly made and released without permanent material destruction.
• the cohesive, electrically highly conductive connection of the contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 with the holder 4, in particular with the movable contact means 5, via an intermediate piece 7, which z. B. is made by explosive and / or roll plating.
• two circular-cylindrical discs, with the diameter of the copper contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 at one end, and in particular with the same diameter, are raised on the movable contact means 5, in particular the contact disc or inner contact sleeve, by explosive and/or rolling plating joined together.
• a disc of the intermediate piece 7 is z. B. made of copper and a disc of the intermediate piece 7 is z. B. aluminum.
• the intermediate piece 7, which is assembled from the two discs has one side of a first material 8, in particular copper, and one side of a second material 9, in particular aluminum.
• the intermediate piece 7 thus has, as previously described for the intermediate piece 7 of the holder 3, two areas 8 and 9 of different material, in particular copper and aluminum, which z. B. are mechanically stable, electrically conductive, inseparably joined together by explosive and / or roll plating.
• the side of the first material 8 or the area, in particular made of copper, is z. B.
• the welded connections 10, in particular electron beam welded connections, are mechanically strong, stable, permanent, ie inseparable and have a low contact resistance or are electrically conductive.
• the movable contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2 is mechanically fixed, stable, permanently, ie inseparably and electrically well conductively connected to the movable holder 4, in particular to the movable contact means 5, and at large currents, especially in the range of a few thousand amperes a large amount of heat or a sharp rise in temperature at the connection is avoided, which can lead to damage and/or failure of the high-voltage circuit breaker 1.
• the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular the fixed and the movable contact piece of the vacuum interrupter 2, which z. B. made of copper and / or include copper, and the respective intermediate piece 7, which z. B. includes a copper area are inseparable, inseparable in particular by electron beam welding, in particular over areas of the same material.
• the brackets 2 and 3, which are made of aluminum and/or include aluminum, are inseparably connected to the respective intermediate piece 7, which includes an aluminum area, in particular by electron beam welding, in particular via areas of the same material.
• the areas 8 and 9 of the respective intermediate piece 7 are inseparably connected to one another, in particular by explosive and/or roll plating, in particular by joining areas of different materials rials .
• the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 has a housing, which is not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity, which is filled with a switching gas, in particular SF 6 and/or clean air.
• the housing is z. B. a particularly gas-tight sealed hollow insulator, in particular with ribs on the outer circumference to reduce leakage currents, made of ceramic, silicone and/or composite materials.
• the housing is z. B. a gas-tight sealed metal tank which is electrically grounded. From the brackets z. B.
• the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 has z. B. furthermore a carrier for arranging the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 z. B. on a foundation . Furthermore, the high-voltage circuit breaker z. B. a drive, in particular a the storage drive on , and elements of a kinematic chain , e.g. B. a gear and at least one drive rod for driving the movable contact piece when shifting.
• the high-voltage circuit breaker 1 is equipped with a movable and a fixed contact piece; alternatively or additionally, further contact pieces can be included, and/or at least two movable contact pieces can be included.
• the contacts are made of copper. Additionally or alternatively, other materials such.
• the brackets are made of aluminum. Additionally or alternatively, other materials such. B. Be included steel and / or copper, and the spacer 7 include a second material on the side 9, which z. B. is also steel and/or copper.
• the two different materials of the vacuum interrupter 2 and the holders 3 and 4 are inseparably joined together, in particular via the intermediate piece 7, which is constructed from two circular disks. Alternatively or additionally, other shapes can be chosen, z. B. Cylinders with a square cross-section and/or hollow bodies.
• the two materials of the intermediate piece 7 can be joined together with a clearly defined separation area and/or merge into one another, in particular continuously, e.g. B. by material di f fusion of the materials in each case into the other material, e.g. B. after a heat treatment.

Landscapes

• High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
• Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=77317010

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2020
  • 2020-08-12 DE DE102020210183.3A patent/DE102020210183A1/de active Pending
• 2021
  • 2021-07-23 EP EP21754743.9A patent/EP4169051A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-07-23 CN CN202180056451.5A patent/CN116034446A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-07-23 JP JP2023509408A patent/JP2023537075A/ja active Pending
  • 2021-07-23 WO PCT/EP2021/070719 patent/WO2022033841A1/de unknown

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