Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
  • C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
  • C10L2200/0259—Nitrogen containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
  • C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
  • C10L2200/0446—Diesel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
  • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine

Definitions

• TITLE Composition of additives for motor fuel
• the present invention relates to a composition of additives for fuel comprising at least a first additive chosen from quaternary ammonium salts other than betaines, and at least one second additive chosen from amido alkyl betaines.
• the composition is such that the mass ratio of the amount of the first additive to the amount of the second additive is in the range from 1: 4 to 4: 1.
• the invention also relates to a fuel concentrate, comprising said additive composition, mixed with an organic liquid inert to the first and second additives and miscible with said fuel.
• the invention further relates to a fuel composition comprising a fuel derived from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, and mixtures thereof; and said composition of fuel additives.
• the invention also relates to the use of the additive composition, or of the fuel composition, or of the fuel concentrate, for maintaining cleanliness (keep-clean effect) and / or cleaning (clean-up effect) deposits. in at least one of the internal parts of an engine, gasoline or diesel, preferably diesel, chosen from the following, the combustion chamber and the fuel injection system.
• the invention is aimed at preventing and / or reducing deposits of coke, and / or soaps and / or varnishes on the injectors or the needles of the injectors, as well as reducing the consumption of fuel for an engine, preferably Diesel, (“Fuel Eco” action) and / or minimizing the loss of power from said engine, and / or reducing pollutant emissions.
• Liquid internal combustion engine fuels contain components that can be degraded during engine operation.
• the problem of deposits in the internal parts of combustion engines is well known to engine manufacturers. It has been shown that the formation of these deposits has consequences on engine performance and in particular has a negative impact on fuel consumption and particle emissions. Advances in fuel additive technology have made it possible to tackle this problem. So-called detergent additives used in fuels have already been proposed to maintain engine cleanliness by limiting deposits ("keep-clean” effect) or by reducing deposits already present in the internal parts of the combustion engine (“effect" clean-up ”in English). We can cite as an example the document
• the new gasoline direct injection systems expose the injectors to more severe pressure and temperature conditions, which favors the formation of deposits.
• these new injection systems have more complex geometries to optimize spraying, in particular, more holes with smaller diameters but which, on the other hand, induce a greater sensitivity to deposits.
• the presence of deposits can alter combustion performance, in particular increase pollutant emissions and particulate emissions.
• the new diesel direct injection systems expose the injectors to more severe pressure conditions and temperature which favors the formation of deposits.
• these new injection systems have more complex geometries to optimize the spraying, in particular, more numerous holes having smaller diameters but which, on the other hand, induce a greater sensitivity to deposits.
• the phenomenon of coking induces a loss of engine power and therefore in particular overconsumption of fuel.
• This phenomenon is measured thanks to the XUD9 engine which makes it possible to determine the flow rates of the injectors and therefore the presence of coking or not.
• Coking is to be distinguished from “lacquering” (soap and / or varnish) which occurs in diesel direct injection engines, on the needles of injectors. Lacquering does not concern deposits which are present outside the injection system and which are linked to coking, causing clogging and partial or total clogging of the injection nozzles. Lacquering and coking are therefore two very distinct phenomena, both in terms of the causes of these deposits, the conditions for the appearance of these deposits and the place where these deposits occur.
• composition of fuel additives according to the invention are: - protection of pumps, injection systems and all moving parts with which this additive comes into contact in an engine,
• a subject of the present invention is thus a composition of fuel additives comprising:
• RI is a linear or branched C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain
• R2 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 15 hydrocarbon chain
• R3 is a C1 to C15 hydrocarbon chain
• R4 and R5 are identical or different and chosen independently of one another from a hydrogen atom and a C 1 to C 10 , preferably C 1 to C 6 hydrocarbon chain, it being understood that the groups R4 and R5 may contain a. or more nitrogenous groups and / or can be linked together to form one or more rings; and wherein the mass ratio of the amount of the first additive to the amount of the second additive is in the range of 1: 4 to 4: 1.
• the mass ratio of the amount of the first additive to the amount of the second additive is in the range from 1: 1 to 2.5: 1, preferably from to 1.5: 1 to 2.1: 1 .
• the invention also relates to a fuel concentrate comprising the composition of additives, mixed with an organic liquid, said organic liquid being inert to the first and second additives, and miscible with said fuel.
• a subject of the invention is also a fuel composition
• a fuel composition comprising: (1) a fuel base obtained from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, and preferably chosen from hydrocarbon fuels, non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels and mixtures thereof; and (2) a fuel additive composition as defined in the present application.
• the liquid fuel composition is chosen from hydrocarbon fuels, non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels, and mixtures thereof, for example gasolines or gas oils.
• the fuel (hydrocarbon) is chosen from diesel oils, also called diesel fuel, and which corresponds to the fuels used in diesel engines.
• the composition of additives, the fuel composition or the concentrate, according to the invention is used to prevent (keep-clean effect) and / or to eliminate (clean-up effect) deposits in the fuel.
• internal parts of an engine selected from the following: the combustion chamber, the engine intake system and the fuel injection system, and preferably the fuel injection system.
• said composition is used in liquid fuel to limit or prevent the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine and / or reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine.
• composition according to the invention is used to prevent, reduce or eliminate deposits chosen from coke, and / or soaps and / or varnishes on the injectors or the needles of the fuel injectors, and / or the coke, soap and / or sticking (or valve-sticking) of the fuel inlet valves in the combustion chamber.
• composition according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption of an engine, preferably diesel, (“Fuel Eco” action) and / or to minimize the loss of power of said engine, and / or to reduce pollutant emissions, in particular, particulate emissions from the combustion engine.
• an engine preferably diesel
• Fluel Eco (“Fuel Eco” action)
• pollutant emissions in particular, particulate emissions from the combustion engine.
• the engine is a gasoline engine.
• the internal combustion engine is an engine compression ignition, also known as a diesel engine.
• the present invention also relates to a method of maintaining the cleanliness and / or cleaning of at least one of the internal parts of an engine, preferably of a compression ignition engine or diesel engine, comprising at least the following steps :
• C N OR CN compound or group denotes a compound or a group containing in its chemical structure N carbon atoms.
• the first additive quaternary ammonium
• the composition according to the invention comprises a first additive consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt, other than betaines.
• said first additive is obtained by reaction with an agent for the quaternization of a nitrogenous compound comprising a tertiary amine function, this nitrogenous compound being the product of the reaction of an acylating agent substituted with a group.
• the quaternary ammonium salt is chosen from quaternized PIBA (polyisobutylene-amine) compounds, or from quaternized polyether-amines.
• said nitrogenous compound is the product of the reaction of an acylating agent substituted with a hydrocarbon group and of a compound comprising both an oxygen atom or a d atom.
• nitrogen capable of condensing with said acylating agent that is to say at least one group chosen from primary amines, secondary amines and alcohols
• a tertiary amine group that is to say at least one group chosen from primary amines, secondary amines and alcohols
• the acylating agent is advantageously chosen from mono-or poly-carboxylic acids and their derivatives, in particular their ester, amide or anhydride derivatives.
• the acylating agent is preferably chosen from succinic, phthalic and propionic acids and the corresponding anhydrides.
• the acylating agent is substituted with a hydrocarbon group.
• hydrocarbon means any group having a carbon atom directly attached to the rest of the molecule (ie to the acylating agent) and having mainly an aliphatic hydrocarbon character.
• Hydrocarbon groups according to the invention can also contain non-hydrocarbon groups.
• they can contain up to one non-hydrocarbon group per ten carbon atoms provided that the non-hydrocarbon group does not significantly modify the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group.
• hydroxyl groups hydroxyl groups, halogens (in particular chloro- and fluoro- groups), alkoxy, alkylmercapto and alkyl sulfoxy groups.
• the hydrocarbon substituents do not contain such non-hydrocarbon groups and are purely aliphatic hydrocarbons.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent preferably comprises at least 8, preferably at least 12 carbon atoms. Said hydrocarbon substituent may comprise up to about 200 carbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent preferably has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of between 160 to 2800, for example between 250 to 1500, more preferably between 500 to 1500 and, even more preferably between 500 to 1300. A range of value of M n between 700 and 1300 is particularly preferred, for example from 700 to 1200.
• hydrocarbon groups substituting the acylating agent mention may be made of n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, tetrapropenyl, n-octadecyl, oleyl, octadecyl or triacontyl groups.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent can also be obtained from homo- or inter-polymers (for example copolymers, terpolymers) of mono- and di-olefins having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, for example from ethylene, propylene, 1 - butene, isobutene, butadiene, isoprene, 1 - hexene or 1 - octene.
• these olefins are 1-mono-olefins.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent can also be chosen from derivatives of halogenated analogues (for example chlorinated or brominated) of these homopolymers or inter-polymers.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent can be obtained from other sources, for example from high molecular weight alkenes monomers (eg, 1 - tetracontene) and their chlorinated analogues or hydrochlorinated, aliphatic petroleum fractions, e.g. paraffin waxes, their cracked, chlorinated and / or hydrochlorinated analogues, white oils, synthetic alkenes, e.g. produced by the Ziegler-Natta process (e.g. polyethylene greases ) and other sources known to those skilled in the art.
• high molecular weight alkenes monomers eg, 1 - tetracontene
• aliphatic petroleum fractions e.g. paraffin waxes
• white oils e.g. paraffin waxes
• synthetic alkenes e.g. produced by the Ziegler-Natta process (e.g. polyethylene greases ) and other sources known to those skilled in the art.
• any unsaturation present in the hydrocarbon group of the acylating agent can optionally be reduced or eliminated by hydrogenation according to any known process.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent is preferably substantially saturated, i.e., it does not contain more than one carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond for each slice of ten carbon-to-carbon single bonds. present.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent advantageously contains no more than one non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond per every 50 carbon-to-carbon bonds present.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent is a polyisobutene group also called polyisobutylene (PIB).
• PIB polyisobutylene
• PIB polyisobutylene
• Highly reactive polyisobutenes (PIB) are understood to mean polyisobutenes (PIB) in which at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 70 mol% or more, of the terminal olefinic double bonds are of the vinylidene type as described in document EP0565285.
• preferred PIBs are those having more than 80 mole% and up to 100 mole% of vinylidene end groups as described in EP1344785.
• the acylating agent substituted with a hydrocarbon group is a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIB SA).
• polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride can be prepared by mixing a polyolefin with maleic anhydride and then passing chlorine through the mixture (GB949981).
• hydrocarbon groups comprising an internal olefin, for example such as those described in application WO2007 / 015080, can also be used as a substituent of the acylating agent.
• internal olefin is understood to mean any olefin containing mainly a non-alpha double bond, which is a beta olefin or of a higher position.
• these materials are essentially beta-olefins or higher position olefins, for example containing less than 10% by mass of alpha-olefin, advantageously less than 5% by mass or less than 2% by mass.
• Internal olefins can be prepared by isomerization of alpha-olefins according to any known process.
• the compound comprising both an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom capable of condensing with the acylating agent and a tertiary amine group can, for example, be chosen from the group consisting of: dimethylaminopropylamine, N, N-diethylaminopropylamine, N, N- dimethylamino-ethylamine, N, N-dimethyl-amino ethylamine ethylenediamine, 1, 2-propylenediamine, 1, 3-propylene diamine, butylenediamines (isomers), diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, dibutylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, teraethylenepentaamine, pentaethylenehexaamine, hexamethylenetetramine, bis (hexametliylene) triamine, diaminobenzenes
• Said compound can also be chosen from heterocyclic compounds substituted by alkylamines such as l - (3- aminopropyl) -imidazole, 4- (3-aminopropyl) morpholine, l- (2-aminoethyl) piperidine, 3 , 3-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine, diaminopyridines, and 3'3-bisamino (N, N-dimethylpropylamine).
• alkylamines such as l - (3- aminopropyl) -imidazole, 4- (3-aminopropyl) morpholine, l- (2-aminoethyl) piperidine, 3 , 3-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine, diaminopyridines, and 3'3-bisamino (N, N-dimethylpropylamine).
• the compound comprising both an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom capable of condensing with the acylating agent and a tertiary amine group can also be selected from alkanolamines, including, but not limited to. , triethanolamine, trimethanolamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropanol, N, N-dimethylaminoethanol, N, N- diethylaminopropanol, N, N-diethylaminoethanol, N, N- diethylaminobutanol, N, N, N-tris (hydroxyethyl ) amine, N, N, N- tris (hydroxymethyl) amine, laN, N, N tris (aminoethyl) amine, N, N- dibutylaminopropylamine and N, N, N'-trimethyl-N'-hydroxyethyl- bisaminoethyl ether, N, N-bis (3-dimethylamino-propyl)
• said compound comprising at least one tertiary amine group and at least one group chosen from primary amines, secondary amines and alcohols is chosen from the following amines of formula (I) or (II):
• R6 and R7 are the same or different and represent, independently of each other, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
• X is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms; m is an integer between 1 and 5; n is an integer between 0 and 20; and
• R8 is a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C22 alkyl group.
• Said compound is preferably chosen from the amines of formula (I).
• R8 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of Cl to C16, preferably an alkyl group of Cl to CIO, more preferably an alkyl group having C l to C6.
• R8 can, for example, be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and their isomers.
• R8 is a hydrogen atom.
• n is preferably an integer between 0 to 15, more preferably between 0 to 10, even more preferably between 0 to 5.
• n is 0.
• said nitrogenous compound is the product of the reaction of the acylating agent substituted with a hydrocarbon group and of a diamine of formula (I).
• R6 and R7 may represent, independently of one another, alkyl C l to C16, preferably an alkyl group Cl CI O;
• R6 and R7 can represent, independently of one another, a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl group or their isomers.
• R6 and R7 represent, independently of one another, a C1 to C4 group, preferably a methyl group;
• - X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, for example from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or from 2 to 5 carbon atoms. carbon.
• X particularly preferably represents an ethylene, propylene or butylene group, in particular a propylene group.
• the nitrogen-containing compound is the reaction product of a succinic acid derivative substituted with a hydrocarbon group, preferably a polyisobutenyl-succinic anhydride, and of an alcohol or of an amine also comprising a tertiary amine group, in particular a compound of formula (I) or (II) as described above and more preferably a compound of formula (I).
• the succinic acid derivative substituted with a hydrocarbon group reacts with the amine also comprising a tertiary amine group under certain conditions to form a succinimide (closed form).
• the reaction of the succinic acid derivative and the amine can also result under certain conditions in a succinamide, that is to say, a compound comprising an amide group and a carboxylic acid group (open form).
• an alcohol also comprising a tertiary amine group reacts with the succinic acid derivative to form an ester also comprising a carboxyl group - free CO2H (open form).
• the nitrogenous compound may be the reaction product of a succinic acid derivative and an amine or an alcohol which is an ester or an amide and which further also comprises a carboxyl group -CO 2 H unreacted (open form).
• the quaternary ammonium salt forming the first additive according to the present invention is obtained directly by reaction between the nitrogenous compound described above comprising a tertiary amine function and a quaternization agent.
• the quaternization agent is chosen from the group constituting dialkyl sulphates and carboxylic acid esters; alkyl halides, benzyl halides, hydrocarbon carbonates, and hydrocarbon epoxides optionally mixed with an acid, alone or as a mixture, preferably carboxylic acid esters.
• quaternizing agent containing such an element
• a quaternary ammonium salt formed by reaction with an alkyl halide can then be used. reaction with sodium hydroxide and the sodium halide salt removed by filtration.
• the quaternizing agent can include halides such as chloride, iodide or bromide; hydroxides; sulfonates; bisulfites; alkyl sulphates such as dimethyl sulphate; sulfones; phosphates; C 1-12 alkylphosphates ; C 1-C12 dialkylphosphates; borates; C1-C12 alkylborates; nitrites; nitrates; carbonates; bicarbonates; alkanoates; C 1 -C12 0,0-dialkyldithiophosphates , alone or as a mixture.
• halides such as chloride, iodide or bromide
• hydroxides such as chloride, iodide or bromide
• sulfonates such as dimethyl sulphate; sulfones
• phosphates C 1-12 alkylphosphates ; C 1-C12 dialkylphosphates; borates; C1-
• the quaternization agent can be chosen from derivatives of dialkylsulphates such as dimethyl sulphate, of N-oxides, of sulphones such as propane- and butanesulfone, of alkyl halides. , acyl or aralkyl, such as methyl and ethyl chloride, benzyl bromide, iodide or chloride, and hydrocarbon carbonates (or alkylcarbonates).
• the aromatic ring is optionally substituted by one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups.
• the hydrocarbon (alkyl) groups of the hydrocarbon carbonates can contain from 1 to 50, from 1 to 20, from 1 to 10 or from 1 to 5 carbon atoms per group. According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon carbonates contain two hydrocarbon groups which may be identical or different. By way of example of hydrocarbon carbonates, mention may be made of dimethyl or diethyl carbonate.
• the quaternization agent is chosen from the hydrocarbon epoxides represented by the following formula (III): in which R9, RI O, R11 and R12 may be the same or different and independently of each other represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 50 hydrocarbon group .
• R9, RI O, R11 and R12 may be the same or different and independently of each other represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 50 hydrocarbon group .
• R9, RI O, R11 and R12 may be the same or different and independently of each other represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 50 hydrocarbon group .
• R9, RI O, R11 and R12 may be the same or different and independently of each other represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 50 hydrocarbon group .
• R9, RI O, R11 and R12 may be the same or different and independently of each other represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 50 hydrocarbon group .
• hydrocarbon epoxides can be used as a quaternizing agent in combination with an acid, for example with acetic acid.
• the hydrocarbon epoxides can also be used alone as a quaternization agent, in particular without additional acid.
• a protic solvent is used for the preparation of the quaternary ammonium salt.
• protic solvents such as water, alcohols (including polyhydric alcohols) can be used alone or as a mixture.
• Preferred protic solvents have a dielectric constant greater than 9.
• the quaternization agent is chosen from the compounds of formula (IV): wherein R13 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl and aralkyl group, and R14 is a C1 to C22 alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group.
• the compound of formula (IV) is a carboxylic acid ester capable of reacting with a tertiary amine to form a quaternary ammonium salt.
• Compounds of formula (IV) are selected, for example, from esters of carboxylic acids having a pKa of 3.5 or less.
• the compound of formula (IV) is preferably chosen from esters substituted aromatic carboxylic acid, alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acid.
• the ester is a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid ester of formula (IV) in which R13 is a substituted aryl group.
• R13 is a substituted aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a phenyl or naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
• R13 is advantageously substituted with one or more groups chosen from the carboalkoxy, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, SR15 and NR15R16 radicals.
• Each of the groups R 15 and R 6 can be a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or carboalkoxy group.
• Each of the groups R15 and Ri 6 represents, advantageously, the hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C1 to C22 alkyl group, preferably the hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 16 alkyl group , more preferably 1 hydrogen atom or a C1 to C10 alkyl group , even more preferably the hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C4 alkyl group.
• R 15 is preferably a hydrogen atom and R 6 a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 4 group.
• R15 and Ri 6 are both hydrogen.
• R13 is an aryl group substituted by one or more groups chosen from hydroxyl, carboalkoxy, nitro, cyano and NH2 radicals.
• R13 can be a polysubstituted aryl group, for example trihydroxyphenyl.
• R13 is a monosubstituted aryl group, preferably ortho substituted.
• R13 is, for example, substituted by a group chosen from the OH, NH2, NO2 or COOMe radicals, preferably OH or NH2.
• R13 is preferably a hydroxy-aryl group, in particular 2-hydroxyphenyl.
• R14 is an alkyl or alkylaryl group.
• R14 can be a C 1 to C16 , preferably C 1 to C 10, advantageously C1 to C8 alkyl group.
• R14 can be a C1 to C16, preferably C 1 to Cio , advantageously C 1 to C8 alkylaryl group.
• R14 can for example be chosen from among methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, benzyl groups or their isomers.
• R14 is a benzyl or methyl group, more preferably methyl.
• a particularly preferred compound is methyl salicylate. According to a particular embodiment, the compound of formula
• (IV) is an ester of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid corresponding to the following formula (Y): wherein R17 and R18 are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of the hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl groups. Such compounds are for example described in document EP 1254889.
• Examples of compounds of formula (IV) in which R13COO is the residue of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid include methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, phenyl-, benzyl- or allyl- 2-hydroxy-isobutyric acid esters; 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, benzyl-, phenyl- or allyl-esters; 2-hydroxy-2-ethylbutyric acid methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, benzyl-, phenyl- or allyl-esters; methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, benz
• the compound of formula (IV) is an ester of a polycarboxylic acid chosen from dicarboxylic acids and carboxylic acids having more than two acid functions.
• the carboxylic functions are preferably all in esterified form.
• Preferred esters are C 1-4 alkyl esters.
• the compound of formula (IV) can be chosen from diesters of oxalic acid, diesters of phthalic acid, diesters of maleic acid, diesters of malonic acid or diesters of citric acid.
• the compound of formula (IV) is dimethyl oxalate.
• the compound of formula (IV) is a carboxylic acid ester having a pKa of less than 3.5. For cases where the compound comprises more than one acidic group, reference will be made to the first dissociation constant.
• the compound of formula (IV) can be chosen from one or more carboxylic acid esters chosen from oxalic acid, phthalic acid, salicylic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, citric acid. , nitrobenzoic acid, aminobenzoic acid and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid.
• Preferred compounds of formula (IV) are dimethyl oxalate, methyl 2-nitrobenzoate and methyl salicylate.
• the quaternary ammonium salt used in the invention is formed by reaction of a hydrocarbon epoxide, preferably chosen from those of formula (III) above and more preferably propylene oxide. , with the reaction product of a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride in which the polyisobutylene group (PIB) has a number-average molecular mass (Mn) of between 700 and 1000 and dimethyl-aminoprop y lamin.
• PIB polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride in which the polyisobutylene group (PIB) has a number-average molecular mass (Mn) of between 700 and 1000 and dimethyl-aminoprop y lamin.
• the additive (1) is chosen from polyisobutylene succinimides functionalized with a quaternary ammonium group.
• the composition according to the invention comprises the first additive (s) as described above in a preferential content ranging from 5 to 10,000 ppm by weight, preferably from 5 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 10 to 500 ppm by weight , more preferably from 15 to 200 ppm by weight, and better still from 20 to 150 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
• the second additive betaine
• composition according to the invention comprises a second additive (2) chosen from amido alkyl betaines, of formula (I) below: in which :
• RI is a linear or branched C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain
• R2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon chain -C 15
• R3 is a hydrocarbon chain -C 15, and
• R4 and R5 are identical or different and chosen independently of one another from a hydrogen atom and a C 1 to C 10 , preferably C 1 to C 6 , hydrocarbon chain, it being understood that the groups R 4 and R 5 can contain one or more nitrogenous groups and / or can be linked together to form one or more rings.
• R1 is a linear or branched C 8 to C 30 hydrocarbon-based chain, preferably C 12 to C 24 , more preferably C 6 to C 20 .
• R2 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 5 hydrocarbon chain , preferably a hydrogen atom.
• R3 is a C 1 to C 8 , preferably C 2 to C 4, hydrocarbon chain.
• R4 and R5 are identical or different and chosen independently of one another from a hydrogen atom and a C 1 to C 6 hydrocarbon chain , it being understood that the groups R 4 and R 5 may contain one or more nitrogenous groups and / or may be linked together to form a ring; more preferably R4 and R5 are identical and represent a methyl group or an ethyl group and more preferably still a methyl group.
• the second additive can be obtained by reacting:
• R4 , R5 are as defined above for formula (I), the preferred meanings of these groups for formula (I) also being preferred for said tertiary amine;
• R ′ 3 denotes a group of formula -R3-N (R2) -CO-RI, where R 1, R2 and R3 are as defined above for formula (I), the preferred meanings of these groups for formula (I) also being preferred for said tertiary amine; with
• reaction product is substantially free of non-covalent anionic species.
• compound (ii) is acetic acid substituted with halogen, or a salt thereof.
• Salts can include alkali or alkaline earth metals, or ammoniums, including but not limited to sodium, lithium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, triethyl ammonium or triethanol ammonium salts.
• chloroacetic acid or sodium or potassium chloroacetate salts are used.
• the molar ratio of the amount of carboxylic acid / ester / amide or a salt thereof (ii) to the amount of tertiary amine (i) is advantageously in the range from 1: 0.1 to 0.1: 1.0.
• the additive (2) is the reaction product:
• compound (i) is oleylamido propyl dimethylamine and compound (ii) is sodium chloroacetate.
• composition according to the invention is such that the mass ratio of the amount of the first additive to the amount of the second additive is in the range from 1: 4 to 4: 1.
• the mass ratio of the amount of the first additive to the amount of the second additive is in the range from 1: 1 to 2.5: 1, preferably from 1.5: 1 to 2.1: 1.
• the mass ratio of the amount of the first additive to the amount of the second additive is in the range going from 1: 3 to 3: 1, preferably from 1: 2 to 2: 1.
• the mass ratio of the amount of the first additive to the amount of the second additive is in the range from 1: 3 to 1.5: 1, preferably from 1: 2.5 to 1. : 1.
• the additive composition may also comprise one or more additional additive (s), different from said additives (1) and (2) described above.
• This or these other additives may for example be chosen, in a nonlimiting manner, from detergent additives, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, biocides, tracers or markers, reodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion aid agents (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), cold resistance additives and in particular agents improving the point of cloudiness, pour point, TLF ("Limit Filterability Temperature”), anti-sedimentation agents, antiwear agents and conductivity modifiers.
• detergent additives anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, biocides, tracers or markers, reodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion aid agents (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), cold resistance additives and in particular agents improving the point of cloudiness, pour point, T
• procetane additives in particular (but not limited to) chosen from alkyl nitrates, preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, aryl peroxides, preferably peroxide benzyl, and alkyl peroxides, preferably tert-butyl peroxide;
• anti-foam additives in particular (but not limited to) chosen from polysiloxanes, oxyalkylated polysiloxanes, and fatty acid amides obtained from vegetable or animal oils.
• CFI Cold flow improvement additives
• EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate
• EVE ethylene / vinyl propionate copolymers
• EVE ethylene / vinyl ethanoate
• EMMA ethylene / methyl methacrylate
• cloud point additives in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of long-chain olefin / (meth) acrylic ester / maleimide terpolymers, and polymers of fumaric / maleic acid esters. Examples of such additives are given in FR2528051, FR2528051, FR2528423, EP 112195, EP1727
• additives examples include: EP680506, EP860494, WO98 / 04656, EP915944, FR2772783, FR2772784; g) friction or friction modifiers, in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of acids or esters fatty acids or mixtures of acids or fatty acid esters, for example oleic, linoleic, resin or palmitic acids; or from fatty acid dimers, or mono or di-propoxylated esters; sorbitan esters; sucrose stearates; or from glycerol and its derivatives; or esters of pentaerythritol; or amines; and preferably chosen from esters of glycerol or polyglycerol, or acids or esters of fatty acids, or mixtures thereof; h) detergent additives other than additives (1) and (2), in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of succinimides and polyetheramines.
• a subject of the present invention is also a fuel concentrate comprising an additive composition as defined above, mixed with an organic liquid, said organic liquid being inert with respect to the first and second additives, and miscible with said. fuel.
• the organic liquid is advantageously inert with respect to the constituents of the additive composition, and miscible with liquid fuels, in particular those obtained from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral sources, preferably petroleum. , animal, vegetable and synthetic.
• miscible is understood to mean the fact that the additives and the organic liquid form a solution or a dispersion so as to facilitate the mixing of the additives according to the invention into liquid fuels according to conventional fuel additivation processes.
• the organic liquid is preferably chosen from aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent sold under the name “SOLVESSO”, alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds, and paraffinic solvents such as hexane, pentane or isoparaffins, alone or as a mixture.
• the concentrate can also comprise one or more additional additive (s), different (s) from said additives according to the invention, as defined above.
• the present invention also relates to a fuel composition
• a fuel composition comprising:
• a fuel base obtained from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, preferably chosen from hydrocarbon fuels, non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels and mixtures thereof;
• the fuel according to the present invention contains a base resulting from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, vegetable and synthetic sources, and is preferably chosen from hydrocarbon fuels, non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels and theirs. mixtures.
• Oil will preferably be chosen as the mineral source.
• the fuel is advantageously chosen from hydrocarbon-based fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon-based fuels, alone or as a mixture.
• hydrocarbon fuel is understood to mean a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen.
• Gasoline and diesel are hydrocarbon fuels.
• non-essentially hydrocarbon-based fuel is understood to mean a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting not essentially of carbon and of hydrogen, that is to say which also contain other atoms, in particular oxygen atoms.
• the fuel composition may comprise at least one hydrocarbon fuel chosen from middle distillates with a boiling temperature of between 100 and 500 ° C, preferably 150 to 450 ° C, preferably 150 to 400 ° C, from preferably 150 to 370 ° C, or the lighter distillates having a boiling point between 50 and 260 ° C.
• distillates can for example be chosen from the distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, the vacuum distillates, the hydrotreated distillates, the distillates resulting from the catalytic cracking and / or from the hydrocracking of vacuum distillates, the distillates resulting from ARDS (atmospheric residue desulfurization) and / or visbreaking type conversion processes, distillates resulting from the upgrading of Fischer Tropsch cuts.
• Hydrocarbon fuels are typically gasoline and diesel fuel (also called diesel fuel).
• the fuel composition is chosen from gas oils or gasolines, preferably from gas oils.
• Gasolines include, in particular, any commercially available spark ignition engine fuel compositions.
• gasolines meeting the NF EN 228 standard may be cited.
• the gasolines generally have sufficiently high octane numbers to avoid the knocking phenomenon.
• gasoline type fuels marketed in Europe, conforming to standard NF EN 228 have an engine octane number (MON in English "Motor Octane Number") greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON in English " Research Octane Number ”) of a minimum of 95.
• Gasoline-type fuels generally have a RON ranging from 90 to 100 and an MON ranging from 80 to 90, the RON and MON being measured according to the standard ASTM D 2699- 86 or D 2700-86.
• Gas oils fuels for diesel engines
• Gas oils include, in particular, all commercially available diesel engine fuel compositions. Mention may be made, by way of representative example, of gas oils meeting standard NF EN 590.
• Non-essentially hydrocarbon-based fuels include in particular oxygenates, for example distillates resulting from the BTL (“biomass to liquid”) conversion of plant and / or animal biomass, taken alone or in combination; biofuels, for example oils and / or esters of vegetable and / or animal oils; the biodiesels of animal and / or vegetable origin and bioethanols.
• the mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuel are typically gas oils of type B x or gasolines of type E x .
• diesel type B x diesel is meant a diesel fuel which contains x% (v / v) of esters of vegetable or animal oils (including used cooking oils) transformed by a chemical process called transesterification, obtained by reacting this oil with an alcohol in order to obtain fatty acid esters (EAG). With methanol and ethanol, methyl esters of fatty acids (FAME) and ethyl esters of fatty acids (EEAG) are obtained, respectively.
• FAME methyl esters of fatty acids
• EEAG ethyl esters of fatty acids
• a B99 contains 99% of EAG and 1% of middle distillates of fossil origin (mineral source), B20, 20% of EAG and 80% of middle distillates of fossil origin etc.
• Bo type gas oils which do not contain oxygenated compounds
• Bx type gas oils which contain x% (v / v) esters of vegetable oils or fatty acids, most often methyl esters (VME or FAME), x denoting a number ranging from 0 to 100.
• VME or FAME methyl esters
• gasoline type E x for spark ignition engine is meant a gasoline fuel which contains x% (v / v) of oxygenates, generally ethanol, bioethanol, methyl-tertio-butyl-ether (MTBE) and / or ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE), x denoting a number ranging from 0 to 100.
• x% (v / v) of oxygenates generally ethanol, bioethanol, methyl-tertio-butyl-ether (MTBE) and / or ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE), x denoting a number ranging from 0 to 100.
• the sulfur content in the fuel composition is less than or equal to 1500 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 1000 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm by weight and preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm by weight, even more preferably less than or equal to 10 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and advantageously without sulfur.
• additional additives may be present in said fuel composition, such as those defined above.
• the content of each of said first and second additives (1) and (2) ranges from 5 to 10,000 ppm by weight, preferably from 5 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 10 to 500 ppm by weight. weight, more preferably from 12 to 400 ppm by weight, and better still from 15 to 350 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
• Another object of the invention is the use of the additive composition, or of the fuel composition, or of the fuel concentrate, for maintaining cleanliness (keep-clean effect) and / or cleaning (effect clean-up) deposits in at least one of the internal parts of an engine, preferably Diesel, chosen from the following: the air intake system, and the engine's air and fuel intake system, the combustion chamber and the fuel injection system, and preferably the fuel injection system.
• Another object of the invention is the use of the additive composition, or of the fuel composition, or of the fuel concentrate for preventing and / or reducing coke deposits, and / or soaps and / or varnish on injectors or injector needles; and / or the soap and / or the gluing (or valve-sticking) of the valves of the gasoline engines, preferably to prevent and / or reduce the deposits of soaps, and of coking and the varnishes on the injectors or the needles of the injectors in Diesel engines.
• Deposits are distinguished according to the type of internal combustion engine and the location of the deposits in the internal parts of said engine.
• the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine or a diesel engine, in particular a direct injection diesel engine or an indirect injection diesel engine, in particular a diesel engine with a Common injection system.
• - Rail CCDI in English "Common Rail Direct Injection”
• the targeted deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts of said diesel engine.
• the targeted deposits are located in the injection system of the diesel engine, preferably, located on an external part of an injector of said injection system, for example the nose of the injector and / or on an internal part. of an injector of said injection system (IDID in English “Internai Diesel Injector Deposits”), for example on the surface of an injector needle.
• the deposits may consist of deposits associated with the phenomenon of coking (“coking” in English) and / or deposits of the soap and / or varnish type (in English “lacquering”).
• the fuel composition according to the invention is used to reduce the fuel consumption of an engine, preferably Diesel (“Fuel Eco” action) and / or minimize the loss of power of said gasoline engine or Diesel, and / or reduce pollutant emissions, in particular, particulate emissions from the combustion engine.
• Another object of the invention is the use of said composition of additives to reduce fouling (that is to say prevent and / or eliminate deposits) in the area of the segments and / or pistons and / or the pistons. or engine liners.
• the engine is preferably Diesel, with direct injection, said loss of power being able to be determined according to the standardized engine test method CEC F-98-08, but can also be a Diesel engine with indirect injection.
• Said compound (s) according to the invention can advantageously be used in fuel to reduce and / or avoid restriction of the flow of fuel emitted by the injector of a diesel engine.
• the engine is preferably Diesel, with indirect injection, said flow restriction being able to be determined according to the standardized engine test method CEC F-23-01.
• the fuel composition according to the invention can be used to supply engines used in all types of applications, for example in light vehicles (light vehicles), heavy goods vehicles (PL), stationary vehicles, off-road vehicles. (mines, construction, works public %), agricultural machinery, thermal vehicles or hybrid vehicles (rechargeable or not) ...
• the additive composition or concentrate according to the invention can be used in "severe” or “easier to process” gas oils.
• “Harsh” gas oils differ from “easy to process” gas oils in that they require a higher additive compound processing rate to be effective than "easy to process” gas oil.
• the fuel composition according to the invention can be prepared according to any known process, by adding a liquid fuel base as described above with at least the two additives as described above, and optionally one or more other additives other than the additives according to the invention, as described above.
• the invention also relates to a method of maintaining the cleanliness and / or cleaning of at least one of the internal parts, preferably of a diesel engine, comprising at least the following steps: the preparation of a fuel composition by additivation of a fuel with at least the two additives (1) and (2) as described above, or with a concentrate comprising them, then - the combustion of said fuel composition in said engine.
• the engine is a controlled ignition engine, or gasoline engine, with direct or indirect injection.
• the internal part kept clean and / or cleaned of the spark ignition engine is preferably selected from the engine intake system, in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the injection system fuel, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (PFI) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
• the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition or diesel engine, preferably a direct injection diesel engine, in particular a common rail injection system (CRDI) diesel engine.
• a compression ignition or diesel engine preferably a direct injection diesel engine, in particular a common rail injection system (CRDI) diesel engine.
• CCDI common rail injection system
• the internal part kept clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaned (clean-up) of the Diesel engine is preferably the injection system of the Diesel engine, preferably an external part of an injector of said injection system , for example the nose of the injector and / or one of the internal parts of an injector of said injection system, for example the surface of an injector needle.
• the step of preparing a fuel composition above is preceded by a preliminary step of determining the content of hydrocarbon compound (s) to be incorporated into said fuel composition in order to achieve a specification given relating to the detergency properties of the fuel composition.
• This preliminary step is common practice in the field of fuel additivation and involves defining at least one characteristic representative of the detergency properties of the fuel composition as well as a target value.
• the characteristic representative of the detergency properties of the fuel will depend on the type of internal combustion engine, for example Diesel or spark ignition, the direct or indirect injection system and the location in the engine of the deposits targeted for cleaning and / or maintaining cleanliness.
• the characteristic representative of the detergency properties of the fuel may, for example, correspond to the loss of power due to the formation of deposits in the injectors or the restriction of the flow of fuel emitted by the injector to the fuel. during the operation of said engine.
• the characteristic representative of the detergency properties can also correspond to the appearance of deposits of the lacquering type at the level of the injector needle (IDID).
• IDID injector needle
• B7 diesel containing 6.8% by volume of fatty acid methyl ester, representative of diesel engine fuels used in Europe, and the characteristics of which are detailed in Table 1 below;
• B0 diesel which does not contain oxygenated compounds, representative of fuels for diesel engines used outside Europe, and the characteristics of which are detailed in Table 2 below.
• Fuel compositions were prepared by adding to each of the gas oils B0 and B7 the following additives A1 and A2:
• Al quaternary ammonium salt, formed by reaction of propylene oxide with the condensation product of a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, the polyisobutylene group (PIB) of which has a number average molecular mass (Mn) of 1000 g / mol and dimethyl-aminopropylamine;
• PIB polyisobutylene group
• A2 amido alkyl betaine, obtained by reacting oleylamidopropyl dimethylamine with sodium chloroacetate.
• the performances in terms of detergency of each of the above fuel compositions were evaluated using the XUD9 engine test, consisting in determining the flow loss defined as corresponding to the restriction of the flow of a diesel fuel emitted by the injector d. 'a pre-chamber Diesel engine during operation, according to the standardized engine test method CEC F-23-1-01.
• the objective of this test is to evaluate the ability of the additive composition tested to reduce deposits on the injectors of a Peugeot XUD9 A / L four-cylinder engine with pre-chamber Diesel injection.
• the tests were carried out with a Peugeot XUD9 A / L four-cylinder diesel pre-chamber injection engine fitted with clean injectors, the flow rate of which was determined beforehand.
• Phase 1 of fouling or “dirty up” with the reference diesel without additives (B7 or B0)
• the loss of flow evaluated after this first phase is 80% on average.
• Phase 2 of cleaning or “clean up" with the candidate fuel.
• the flow rate of the injectors is evaluated again.
• the flow loss is measured on the four injectors.
• the results are expressed as a percentage loss of flow for different needle lifts.
• the fouling values are compared with 0.1 mm of needle lift because they are more discriminating and more precise and repeatable (repeatability ⁇ 5%).
• the evolution of the loss of flow before / after the test makes it possible to deduce the loss of flow as a percentage. Taking into account the repeatability of the test, a significant detergent effect is affirmable for a reduction in flow loss, ie a gain in flow greater than 10 points (> 10%).
• compositions according to the invention (B7-3 and BO-3) containing the combination of additives A1 and A2 lead to very good results in terms of cleaning the clogged injectors (“clean-up” effect. ").
• cleaning the clogged injectors For a total additive content which is otherwise identical (250 ppm), these results are significantly higher than those obtained with the comparative compositions containing only one of the two additives (compositions B7-1, B7-2, B0-1 and B0-2).

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• 2020
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