EP4150677A1 - Photovoltaikbauteil - Google Patents
PhotovoltaikbauteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP4150677A1 EP4150677A1 EP20734162.9A EP20734162A EP4150677A1 EP 4150677 A1 EP4150677 A1 EP 4150677A1 EP 20734162 A EP20734162 A EP 20734162A EP 4150677 A1 EP4150677 A1 EP 4150677A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- photovoltaic
- photovoltaic component
- energy
- pane
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000282575 Gorilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VTGARNNDLOTBET-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium antimonide Chemical compound [Sb]#[Ga] VTGARNNDLOTBET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a photovoltaic component for buildings, boats, ships, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains, aircraft and other applications with the exception of automobiles.
- the invention relates to devices with a photovoltaic component.
- Photovoltaics is the conversion of light energy, mostly from sunlight, into electrical energy using solar cells or photovoltaic cells. Concentrator photovoltaics use lenses and / or reflectors to concentrate sunlight on photovoltaic cells. This enables the cell size to be reduced. The energy conversion is usually carried out by a special high-performance solar cell, in particular by means of highly efficient multi-junction solar cells made of, for example, III-V semiconductor materials.
- Concentrator photovoltaic systems are categorized according to the amount of their solar concentration, measured in "suns". A distinction is made here between low-concentration systems, systems with medium concentration and highly concentrated systems.
- Highly concentrated systems use more complex optical systems. These can, for example, consist of a Fresnel lens as primary optics and a reflector as secondary optics.
- solar mats are also known, which can be flexibly attached to various surfaces of buildings or devices.
- Such solar mats e.g. based on cadmium telluride or CIGS, have a limited degree of effectiveness.
- a further object of embodiments of the present invention is to create a photovoltaic component which improves the utilization of solar energy in buildings, boats, ships,
- Construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains, airplanes and other applications outside of the automotive sector made light possible, and this in particular in a cost-effective and effi cient manner and with an advantageous degree of efficiency.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a photovoltaic component according to claim 1.
- the photovoltaic component has an outer pane and an inner pane.
- An energy-generating layer with a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane.
- the concentrator photovoltaic modules have at least one condenser lens as primary optics and a photovoltaic chip.
- the photovoltaic chip is integrated in a surface-mountable housing.
- the surface-mountable housing has at least two electrical contacts for contacting the photovoltaic chip, a transparent cover and an integrated reflector as secondary optics.
- Such a photovoltaic component can be manufactured in an efficient and reliable manner.
- a long service life and reliability of the energy-generating layer can be achieved.
- photovoltaic modules with concentrator are integrated into the photovoltaic component. This enables a high degree of efficiency, especially in comparison to solar foils made of, for example, cadmium telluride.
- Such surface mountable modules which are also referred to as SMD modules (Surface Mounted Device), can be mounted and processed in a particularly efficient and automated manner.
- the surface mountable housing with the integrated photovoltaic chips and the integrated reflectors can be efficiently applied to the respective carrier material of the respective Application, for example on a carrier film, can be applied by means of reflow soldering.
- the condenser lens or collector lens as the primary optics of the concentrator photovoltaic module, concentrates or collects sunlight incident through the first pane onto the transparent cover of the housing and the photovoltaic chip.
- the reflectors integrated in the housing act as secondary optics of the concentrator photovoltaic module and operate as light collectors for the light passed on by the condenser lenses. A high degree of efficiency can thus be achieved in a manner that is efficient in terms of production technology.
- the outer pane preferably has a high transmission.
- the inner pane can likewise have a high transmission or a lower transmission than the outer pane.
- the outer pane and / or the inner pane can consist of glass and thus be designed as a glass component.
- the outer pane and / or the inner pane can consist of a plastic and thus be designed as a plastic component.
- a pane denotes generally flat, in particular layer-shaped elements, which are in particular made transparent or partially transparent. According to embodiments of the invention, a pane can thus also be referred to as a layer, in particular as a transparent or partially transparent layer.
- a disk can have a wide variety of geometries adapted to the respective installation position. According to embodiments, a Disc to be performed in particular rectangular or square. According to embodiments of the invention, a disk is designed in particular to be rigid or stiff.
- the photovoltaic component has a reflection layer which is arranged under the energy-generating layer.
- the reflective layer is configured to reflect incident sunlight through the first pane that has not yet been received by the concentrator photovoltaic modules.
- the re flexion film can be arranged according to configurations between the energy-generating layer and the inner pane or under the inner pane or the underside of the inner pane.
- the terms “below” or “below” and “above” or “above” refer to the sun or the incident sunlight.
- the housing has a recess forming a receiving trough with a recessed bottom section for receiving the photovoltaic chip, the receiving trough having side walls with reflective regions that form the reflector.
- the receiving tub has side walls with at least a first and a second reflective area, the first reflective area being oriented at a first angle with respect to a horizontal plane of the housing and the second reflective area at a second angle with respect to the horizontal plane Level of the housing is aligned. The first angle is different from the second angle.
- a concentrator photovoltaic module designed in this way enables the two different angles of the first reflective area and the second reflective area to be selected individually and to the respective external conditions, in particular the respective orientation of the surfaces intended for installation and the respective sun exposure the areas provided for installation must be taken into account.
- the first and second reflective areas form reflective areas which receive the sunlight via the transparent cover, reflect it and pass it on in the direction of the photovoltaic chip or concentrate it on the photovoltaic chip.
- the at least two reflective areas of the receiving trough thus form a reflector.
- horizontal plane of the housing relates to the base area or bottom surface of the housing and should in particular run parallel to the bottom surface of the housing.
- the term horizontal plane of the housing should not necessarily refer to the respective installation situation of the housing. For example, if the housing is installed vertically in a building, the horizontal plane of the housing can run perpendicular to the floor of the building.
- the angles of the different reflection areas can thus be individually adapted to the respective installation situation in the building.
- the angles of the reflection areas can be adapted in relation to the elevation and / or the azimuth.
- the transparent cover is preferably made of glass, in particular thin glass, such as Gorilla® glass or ultra-thin glass. According to another embodiment, the transparent cover can consist of plastic. According to preferred embodiments, the transparent or translucent cover lets the sun light pass as freely as possible into the reflector of the receiving tray and is therefore designed as a flat surface according to the embodiments. In cross section, the transparent cover is in particular rectangular, the thickness of the cover being selected to be as small as possible, for example 0.01 mm to 1 mm.
- the transparent cover can also have a concave or convex shape and thus deflect and / or focus the sunlight.
- the photovoltaic chip can be designed as a single or multiple solar cell, in particular as a triple solar cell (“triple junction”) or a quadruple solar cell (“quadruple junction”).
- the photovoltaic chip is a multi-junction solar cell made of a III-V semiconductor material, for example of gallium arsenide (GaAs) or gallium antimonide (GaSb).
- the photovoltaic chip is in particular a photovoltaic DIE, ie an unhoused piece of a semiconductor wafer, leads out.
- the photovoltaic component has a contacting layer with conductor tracks for contacting the concentrator photovoltaic modules or the photovoltaic chip.
- the contacting layer represents a printed circuit board or a carrier for the concentrator photovoltaic modules.
- the contacting layer can in particular be designed as a coating on the pane or as a flexible film.
- the concentrator photovoltaic modules and the condenser lenses are integrated in a plastic material, in particular in a transparent plastic material.
- the energy-generating layer is integrated between the outer and the inner pane by means of an outer and an inner composite layer made of plastic.
- the composite layer can advantageously be a
- Plastic film in particular made of PVB or EVA, or another plastic, e.g. PU or an acrylate or another plastic resin.
- the individual components of the photovoltaic component in particular the surface-mountable housing, the concentrator photovoltaic modules and the contact layer, are transparent or largely transparent.
- a heat-absorbing film is arranged behind the energy-generating layer. This can, for example, reduce the heating up of the interior of the building.
- a heat-dissipating film is arranged behind the energy-generating layer. This can also reduce heating of the interior of the building and heating of the photovoltaic component.
- the heat-absorbing film and / or the heat-dissipating film can in particular be arranged under the inner pane or between the inner pane and the energy-generating layer.
- the contacting layer is designed as a heat-dissipating layer or film.
- the metallic conductor tracks in particular can be used for heat dissipation.
- the photovoltaic component has a middle pane which is arranged between the outer and inner pane.
- the energy-generating layer is arranged as the first energy-generating layer between the outer pane and the middle pane and a second energy-generating layer is arranged between the middle pane and the inner pane. In such an arrangement, two levels of energy-generating layers are thus provided. This allows the solar energy produced to be increased.
- the second energy-generating layer can be arranged horizontally offset to the concentrator photovoltaic modules of the second energy-generating layer. This can further increase the solar energy produced.
- the photovoltaic chip is arranged asymmetrically with respect to at least one vertical plane of symmetry of the housing.
- the first and the second reflecting area lie opposite one another in relation to a first vertical plane of symmetry of the photovoltaic chip.
- the first and second reflective areas are arranged on opposite sides of the photovoltaic chip.
- Such an embodiment with opposing reflective surfaces with different angles enables an improved concentration of the sunlight on the photovoltaic chip, in particular in the case of sunlight which is not incident parallel to the first vertical plane of symmetry of the photovoltaic chip.
- the first angle and the second angle differ from one another by at least 10 °, in particular by at least 20 °.
- the first reflective area and the second reflective area are designed as a reflective coating of the receptacle.
- such a coating can be applied to a base body of the surface-mountable housing, for example, by means of a corresponding coating process.
- the first reflective area and the second reflective area are designed as a reflective film.
- a reflective film for example a metal film
- the receiving trough has side walls with a third and a fourth reflective area.
- the third reflective area is aligned at a third angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing and the fourth reflective area is aligned at a fourth angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing.
- the third angle is different from the fourth angle.
- Such embodiments thus have four different reflection areas or reflection surfaces, which can each be aligned with individual and different angles with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing.
- photovoltaic components can be manufactured both for vertical installation surfaces, e.g. for vertical windows, and thus installation surfaces that are unfavorable for solar radiation, as well as for almost horizontally arranged installation surfaces, e.g. for roof surfaces.
- the third angle and the fourth angle are different by at least 10 °, in particular by at least 20 °.
- the first angle, the second angle, and the third angle lie and the fourth angle in a range between 0 ° and 90 °.
- the first angle can be in a range between 45 ° and 90 °, in particular in a range between 60 ° and 75 ° and the second angle in a range between 0 ° and 45 °, in particular in a range between 10 ° and 35 °.
- Such angles can be particularly advantageous for vertical installation situations.
- the housing is protected against solid foreign bodies and against liquids.
- the housing has a scope of protection in accordance with the International Protection (IP code) against solid foreign bodies of at least 5 and a scope of protection against liquids of at least 5.
- IP code International Protection
- a housing protected in this way ensures reliable and long-lasting operation even under adverse environmental conditions.
- the housing can in particular be protected in accordance with IP protection classes 65 to 68.
- the first reflective area, the second reflective area, the third reflective area and / or the fourth reflective area are each designed as a concave surface.
- the concentration effect of the reflective areas for the light or the solar radiation can be increased.
- the first reflective area, the second reflective area, the third reflective area and / or the fourth reflective area are each designed as a flat surface.
- the housing has an integrated bypass diode, in particular a Schottky diode.
- the bypass diode can in particular be integrated into the base body, which can in particular consist of plastic.
- Such an integration of the bypass diode in each individual housing achieves a particularly high level of reliability. If a photovoltaic chip is defective or not fully functional, the current can be diverted via the bypass diode and the functionality of the overall system is not or barely impaired.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a building or a device with one or more photovoltaic components according to one of the preceding claims.
- the device can in particular be a boat, a ship, a construction vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a train, a container or an airplane.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a photovoltaic component according to the above embodiments for installation or attachment in or on a building, a boat, a ship, a construction vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a train, a container, an aircraft and others Devices other than automobiles.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a con- zentrator photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the invention ⁇ ;
- FIG. 6a shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module in an x-z plane
- FIG. 6b shows a cross-sectional view of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in a y-z plane
- FIG. 6c shows a plan view of the concentrator photovoltaic module in the x-y plane
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module with electrical contacts
- 8a shows a photovoltaic component for a predominantly horizontal installation in a device
- FIG. 9 a top view of a photovoltaic
- FIG. 10 a lens array according to an embodiment of the invention with a plurality of condenser lenses arranged in a plane;
- FIG. 11 shows a side view of a building with photovoltaic components
- FIG. 12 shows a top view of the building of FIG. 11;
- FIG. Figure 13 shows a side view of a house with a flat roof
- 14 shows an aircraft with several photovoltaic components integrated into the outer skin of the aircraft
- 15 shows a ship with several photovoltaic components arranged on the surface of the ship.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an x-z plane according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 has an outer pane 11 and an inner pane 12.
- the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 can be made of glass or plastic according to embodiments.
- the outer pane 11 preferably has a high transmission in the desired wavelength range and can in particular be designed as a clear glass pane or as a non-colored plastic pane.
- the inner disk 12 can also be designed with high transmission.
- the inner pane 12 can have a lower transmission than the outer pane 11.
- the inner pane 12 can be designed as tinted glass or colored plastic.
- the outer disk 11 and the inner disk 12 can be made from
- Glass such as soda-lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass, Alumosilicate glass or plastic, such as polycarbonate or PMMA, are made.
- the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 can have different thicknesses, and the outer glass pane 11 and the inner glass pane 12 can be designed with or without thermal or chemical pretensioning.
- both the first pane and the second pane can consist of glass.
- the first pane can be made from glass and the second pane can be made from
- the second pane can consist of glass and the first pane of plastic.
- both the first disk and the second disk can be made of plastic.
- the energy-generating layer 15 is provided between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12.
- the energy-generating layer 15 has a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules 20.
- the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 each have a condenser lens or converging lens 21 and a photovoltaic chip 22 which is integrated in a surface-mountable housing 30.
- the condenser lens 21 is configured to focus the incident sunlight and guide it onto the photovoltaic chip 30 or a transparent cover of the housing 30.
- the condenser lens 21 functions as the primary optics of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20.
- a reflector 23 integrated into the housing 30 functions as a light collector or collector and collects the light incident on the transparent cover of the housing 30. Such a two-stage optics can significantly increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic chips 22.
- the energy generating layer 15 includes a
- the contacting layer 14 can be used, for example, as a printed circuit board, be designed in particular as a flexible printed circuit board and in particular as a flexible and transparent film.
- the contacting film 14 can be designed as a heat-dissipating film.
- the surface-mountable housings 30 can be arranged on the contacting layer 14 by means of soldering, in particular by means of reflow soldering, and are electrically connected to the photovoltaic chips 22.
- the energy-generating layer 15 or the spaces 15z of the energy-generating layer 15 can be filled with transparent plastic. According to other embodiments of the invention, the energy-generating layer 15 or the spaces 15z of the energy-generating layer
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an x-z plane according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- the photovoltaic component 10 largely corresponds to the photovoltaic component 10 of FIG. 1.
- the photovoltaic component 10 has a reflective layer
- the reflective layer 16 is configured to reflect the sunlight falling through the first pane 11 which has not yet been received by the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 and converted into electrical energy. The sun light reflected in this way can then still be received by the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 through further reflections or scattering, for example through a reflection or scattering on the outer pane 11. This can affect the further increase efficiency.
- the reflective layer 16 can also be arranged between the inner pane 12 and the energy-generating layer 15.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view in an x-z plane of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- the photovoltaic component 10 largely corresponds to the photovoltaic component 10 of FIG. 2.
- the energy-generating layer 15 is integrated between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 by means of an outer composite layer 17a and an inner composite layer 17b.
- the composite layers 17a, 17b can in particular be designed as lamination foils and consist of plastic, for example PVB or EVA. Such composite layers facilitate the manufacture of the energy-generating photovoltaic component.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- the photovoltaic component 10 initially has the in FIG. 1, namely an outer pane 11, an inner pane 12, an energy-generating layer and a contacting layer 14.
- the photovoltaic component 10 has a central pane 13 which is arranged between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12.
- the photovoltaic component 10 has two energy-generating layers, namely a first energy-generating layer 15a between the outer pane 11 and the middle pane 13 and a second energy-generating layer 15b between the middle pane 13 and the inner pane 12.
- the energy-generating layer 15a as well as the energy-generating layer 15b have a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules 20.
- the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the layer 15a are arranged horizontally offset from the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the layer 15b.
- the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the lower, second energy-generating layer 15b are arranged in the horizontal spaces between the upper, first energy-generating layer 15a. This makes it possible to collect sunlight that was not received by the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the first layer 15a by means of the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the second layer 15b arranged below. This can also increase the efficiency.
- the photovoltaic components 10 can also have further layers, in particular films.
- a heat-absorbing film or a heat-dissipating film can be arranged behind or under the energy-generating layer 15.
- the reflective layer 16 can be replaced by a heat-absorbing film or a heat-dissipating film, or a heat-absorbing or heat-dissipating film can also be provided.
- the films can be made transparent or partially transparent and applied as a lamination film.
- the photovoltaic components 10 can be provided with a scratch protection coating in the case of plastic and / or a low-E coating in the case of glass.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in an xz plane according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the photovoltaic chip 22 is arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry 39 a of the housing 30.
- the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 has a lens 21 designed as a condenser lens or collecting lens as primary optics for focusing the sun's light.
- the lens 21 is arranged at a predefined stand dl from the housing 30.
- the height of the Ge housing 30 is denoted by d2.
- the housing 30 comprises a base body 31.
- the base body 31 can in particular be made of plastic and manufactured, for example, by means of an injection molding process.
- the housing 30 or the base body 31 has a recess 32.
- the recess 32 forms or forms a receiving trough 33 with a ver deepened bottom portion 34 for receiving the photovoltaic chip 22.
- the photovoltaic chip 22 is designed according to preferred embodiments of the invention as a multi-junction solar cell, but can form according to other embodiments Invention can also be designed as a single junction solar cell.
- a photovoltaic chip is understood to mean, in particular, a photovoltaic DIE, i.e. an unhoused piece of a semiconductor wafer with a multi-junction or single-junction solar cell.
- the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 has at least two electrical contacts for contacting the photovoltaic chip 22, which in FIG. 5 are not shown to simplify the illustration.
- the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 also has a transparent cover 36 which closes the housing 30 and in particular the recess 32, in particular closes it in a watertight and dustproof manner.
- the transparent cover 36 consists of glass, in particular thin glass or ultra-thin glass.
- the housing 30 is preferably protected against solid foreign bodies and liquids by means of the transparent cover 36.
- the housing 36 can in particular be designed in accordance with IP protection class 66.
- the housing 36 has a scope of protection in accordance with the International Protection (IP code) against solid foreign bodies of at least 4 and a scope of protection against liquids of at least 4.
- IP code International Protection
- the transparent cover 36 can be attached to the housing 30, in particular special to the base body 31, for example by means of ultrasonic welding.
- the receiving trough 33 has side walls with reflective areas 35a and 35b.
- the receiving trough 33 forms a reflector 23 by means of the reflective areas.
- the reflector 23 represents a secondary optical system of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 and is configured to function as a light collector or optical homogenizer. According to embodiments, the reflector 23 can be designed as a conical cylinder or as a conical parallelepiped.
- FIG. 6a shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in an x-z plane according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6b shows a cross-sectional view of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in a y-z plane which runs perpendicular to the x-z plane.
- FIG. 6c shows a top view of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in the x-y plane.
- the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 is similar to that in FIG. 5 module shown builds up and accordingly has a housing 30 with a Base body 31 and a recess 32 on which a receiving trough 33 with a recessed bottom portion 34 for receiving the photovoltaic chip 22 forms.
- the receptacle 33 has side walls with a first reflective area 35a, a second reflective area 35b, a third reflective area 35c and a fourth reflective area 35d.
- the first reflecting portion 35a is in egg ⁇ nem cp1 first angle relative to a horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing is aligned 30th
- the second re ⁇ inflected portion 35b is at a second angle cp2 of the housing 30 is oriented relative to the horizontal plane xy 38th
- the third reflective area 35c is oriented at a third angle cp3 with respect to the horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing 10.
- the fourth reflective area 35d is oriented at a fourth angle cp4 with respect to the horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing.
- the first angle to the second angle cp2 cp1 while the third angle and the fourth angle cp3 cp4 in that game ⁇ equal or approximately equal are un differently.
- the third angle cp3 and the fourth angle cp4 can also be of different sizes.
- the first reflective Be ⁇ rich 35a and the second reflecting portion 35b are in relation to the photovoltaic chip 22 opposite, and in particular with respect to a in FIG. lc first ver ⁇ Tikale plane of symmetry 22c of the photovoltaic shown chips 22nd
- the first angle is cpl about 65 ° and the second angle cp2 un ⁇ dangerous 35 °.
- the angles cpl, cp2, cp3 and cp4 are in a range between 0 ° and 90 °.
- the first angle cpl lies in a range between 45 ° and 90 °, in particular in a range between 60 ° and 75 ° and is therefore relatively steep
- the second angle cp2 lies in a range between 0 ° and 45 ° °, in particular in a range between 10 ° and 35 °, and is therefore relatively flat.
- Such an embodiment is for example advantageous for photovoltaic modules which are intended for a perpendicular ⁇ right mounting.
- the first reflecting portion 35a, the second reflecting Be ⁇ rich 35b, the third reflecting portion 35c and the fourth reflecting portion 35d are applied as a coating on the base body 31 of the receptacle 33rd
- the second reflec ⁇ Rende portion 35b, the third reflecting portion 35c and the fourth reflecting portion 35d are formed as reflec ⁇ Rende film which, for example, pan by means of gluing or other methods to the base body 31 of the recording 33 can be applied.
- the reflective areas 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d are each designed as flat surfaces, in particular as trapezoidal surfaces.
- the reflective areas 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d can also have other shapes, in particular special concave shapes and convex shapes.
- One such configuration module enables the angular CP1, CP2, CP3 and CP4 of the reflective Be rich 35a 35b to choose 35c and 35d individually and un ⁇ differently and to the respective alignment of the modules to the designated for installation surfaces and the resulting to take into account the corresponding sun exposure of the modules with regard to the elevation and / or the azimuth.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in an xz plane according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the electrical connections of the module is closer Darge ⁇ .
- the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 has a first electrical contact 22a and a second electrical contact 22b.
- the electrical contacts 22a, 22b of the housing 30 are arranged on opposite sides and det as so-called Leads usedbil ⁇ which are embedded in the base body 31 is made of plastic ⁇ .
- the photovoltaic chip 22 is electrically connected to the leads of the electrical contacts 22a and 22b by means of wire bonding.
- the module 20 is thus designed as a surface-mountable module using SMD technology (Surface Mount Technology).
- the module 20 also has a bypass diode 45 integrated into the housing 30, which can in particular be designed as a Schottky diode.
- the bypass diode is connected in parallel to the photovoltaic chip 22 and accordingly on the one hand with the electrical contact 22a and on the other hand with the electrical contact 22b connected, also in accordance with embodiments by means of wire bonding.
- the photovoltaic chip 22 can be electrically contacted, for example, with conductor tracks of the contacting layer 14 by means of soldering.
- Figures 8a to 8c show different installation situations of photovoltaic components 10 and the surface-mountable housings integrated therein.
- the angles cp1 and cp2 relate to the angle of the reflective surfaces of the reflectors integrated in the housing 30.
- the position of the sun 50 is shown in an exemplary manner in FIGS. 8a to 8c, e.g. at midday.
- FIGS. 8a to 8c the course of the reflective surfaces of the reflectors 23 are shown in FIGS. 8a to 8c in an exemplary manner by means of dashed lines.
- Fig. 8a shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is intended for a predominantly horizontal installation in a building or a device, e.g. as a horizontal roof photovoltaic component.
- Fig. 8b shows a photovoltaic component 10, which is intended for inclined installation positions, for example between 20 ° and 80 °, e.g. for pitched roofs.
- FIG. 8c shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is provided for a predominantly vertical installation in a building or a device.
- the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 can each be individually adapted to the respective installation situation in order to optimize the light capture of the reflector for the respective installation situation. While the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 are preferably chosen to be equal in the case of a horizontal installation, the first angle is the same for an inclined and a vertical installation situation Angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 are preferably selected differently in order to increase the light capture in relation to the elevation of the solar radiation.
- FIG. 9 shows a top view of a photovoltaic chip array 900.
- the photovoltaic chip array 900 has a plurality of SMD housings 30 with integrated photovoltaic chips and reflectors, which are mounted on a printed circuit board or contact layer 14 in the form of a film as surface-mounted components are soldered on.
- FIG. 10 shows a lens array 1000 according to an embodiment of the invention with a large number of condenser lenses 21 arranged flatly in one plane.
- the lens array 1300 can be prefabricated from transparent plastic, for example by means of injection molding.
- the individual NEN condenser lenses 21 are verbun with thin webs 21a.
- the lens array prefabricated in this way can, according to one embodiment, be attached to the underside of the outer pane 11, for example by gluing.
- the prefabricated lens array 1100 can first be attached to the photovoltaic chip array 1200 and then attached between the panes.
- FIG. 11 shows a side view of a building or house 1100.
- the building 1100 has a photovoltaic component 1110 on a sloping roof 1101 and a photovoltaic component 1111 on a vertical side wall 1102, which can be configured like the photovoltaic components 10 described above.
- FIG. 12 shows a top view of the building 1100. It can be seen here that the building 1100 has a further photovoltaic component 1112 on the rear wall 1103 in addition to the photovoltaic component 1110 and the photovoltaic component 1111.
- the photovoltaic components 1110, 1111 and 1112 can in particular as in the plan view of FIG. 9 is made ⁇ be formed.
- the position of the sun 1120 is shown in an exemplary manner in FIGS. 11 and 12, for example at noon.
- first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the individual photovoltaic components 1110 and 1111 are shown in an exemplary manner by means of dashed lines in FIG.
- angles cp1, cp2, cp3 and cp4 relate again to the angles of the reflection surfaces of the reflectors of the concentrator photovoltaic modules of the individual photovoltaic components integrated into the housing 30.
- the individual photovoltaic components 1110, 1111 and 1112 each have different combinations of the individual angles cp1, cp2, cp3 and cp4. This makes it possible to take into account the respective installation situation of the systems 1110, 1111 and 1112 and to optimally adapt the angles cp1, cp2, cp3 and cp4 to the position of the sun or the course of the sun in order to achieve a maximum concentration effect or reinforcement of the reflector.
- the first angle and the second angle CP1 CP2 are in accordance with embodiments of the invention in particular chosen so that they take into account the respective installation situation opti ⁇ times with respect to the elevation of the sun.
- the third angle cp3 and the fourth angle cp4 are in particular according to embodiments of the invention chosen so that they optimally take into account the respective installation situation with regard to the azimuth of the sun. So is in FIG. 12 also shows the orientation of the house in relation to the cardinal points.
- the house wall 1102 has, for example, a south-east exposure and the rear wall 1103 a south-west exposure.
- FIG. Figure 13 shows a side view of a house
- 1301 is a photovoltaic component 1310 and a photovoltaic component 1311 is attached to a vertical side wall 1302.
- the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the photovoltaic component 1310 are selected differently than the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the photovoltaic component 1110 of the in FIG. 11, in order to improve the reflector effect of the photovoltaic components.
- the photovoltaic components 10 can be used as energy-generating glass or plastic components for roof systems, flat roofs, industrial roofs, house roofs, facades, facade constructions and / or as single or multi-pane insulating glass.
- 14 shows an aircraft 1400 with several photovoltaic components (10) integrated into the outer skin of the aircraft 1400.
- the photovoltaic components (10) can also be integrated or built on in construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains or containers.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/EP2020/067130 WO2021160295A1 (de) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Photovoltaikbauteil |
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EP4150677A1 true EP4150677A1 (de) | 2023-03-22 |
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EP20734162.9A Pending EP4150677A1 (de) | 2020-06-19 | 2020-06-19 | Photovoltaikbauteil |
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US (1) | US20240266995A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4150677A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021160295A1 (de) |
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TWI769951B (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-07-01 | 曜能科技有限公司 | 太陽光電板封裝結構 |
DE102022109693A1 (de) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-26 | Webasto SE | Fahrzeugscheibe, umfassend Solarzellenanordnung |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5118361A (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1992-06-02 | The Boeing Company | Terrestrial concentrator solar cell module |
US8759138B2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2014-06-24 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Concentrated photovoltaic system modules using III-V semiconductor solar cells |
US20090223555A1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-10 | Stalix Llc | High Efficiency Concentrating Photovoltaic Module Method and Apparatus |
DE102008033647A1 (de) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-02-04 | Emcore Solar Power, Inc., Albuquerque | Verfahren zum Zusammenbau einer terrestrischen Solaranordnung einschließlich eines starren Tragrahmens |
CN106449805B (zh) * | 2009-02-09 | 2019-03-12 | 艾克斯瑟乐普林特有限公司 | 集中器型光电(cpv)模块、接收器和子接收器及其形成方法 |
US20110030762A1 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-10 | U.R. Tech Corporation | Energy concentration device of united reflection with multilevel solar cell array |
EP2482333A1 (de) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-01 | AZURSPACE Solar Power GmbH | Solarzellenempfänger |
JP6351459B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-22 | 2018-07-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 太陽電池モジュール |
-
2020
- 2020-06-19 EP EP20734162.9A patent/EP4150677A1/de active Pending
- 2020-06-19 WO PCT/EP2020/067130 patent/WO2021160295A1/de unknown
- 2020-06-19 US US18/011,015 patent/US20240266995A1/en active Pending
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US20240266995A1 (en) | 2024-08-08 |
WO2021160295A1 (de) | 2021-08-19 |
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