EP4150677A1

EP4150677A1 - Photovoltaic component

Info

Publication number: EP4150677A1
Application number: EP20734162.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Schibli
Original assignee: Foxled1 Ag
Current assignee: Foxled1 Ag
Priority date: 2020-06-19
Filing date: 2020-06-19
Publication date: 2023-03-22
Also published as: US20240266995A1; WO2021160295A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic component (10) for applications outside the automotive sector, more particularly for buildings, containers, boats, ships, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains and aircraft. The photovoltaic component comprises an outer pane (11) and an inner pane (12). Disposed between the outer pane (11) and the inner pane (12) is an energy-generating layer (15) having a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules (20), wherein the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) comprise a condenser lens (21) as the primary optical system and a photovoltaic chip (22), which is integrated into a surface-mountable housing (30). The surface-mountable housing (30) comprises at least two electrical contacts (22a, 22b) for contacting the photovoltaic chip (22), a transparent cover (36) and an integrated reflector (23) as the secondary optical system.

Description

Photovoltaic component

Field of invention

The invention relates to a photovoltaic component for buildings, boats, ships, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains, aircraft and other applications with the exception of automobiles. In addition to the building, the invention relates to devices with a photovoltaic component.

background

Photovoltaics is the conversion of light energy, mostly from sunlight, into electrical energy using solar cells or photovoltaic cells. Concentrator photovoltaics use lenses and / or reflectors to concentrate sunlight on photovoltaic cells. This enables the cell size to be reduced. The energy conversion is usually carried out by a special high-performance solar cell, in particular by means of highly efficient multi-junction solar cells made of, for example, III-V semiconductor materials.

Concentrator photovoltaic systems are categorized according to the amount of their solar concentration, measured in "suns". A distinction is made here between low-concentration systems, systems with medium concentration and highly concentrated systems.

An increasing concentration usually also increases the complexity of the system. In particular, the demands on cooling and optics are increasing.

Systems with a low concentration often have a simple booster reflector that converts the solar However, electrical power can sometimes already increase by more than 30% compared to non-concentrator systems.

Highly concentrated systems, on the other hand, use more complex optical systems. These can, for example, consist of a Fresnel lens as primary optics and a reflector as secondary optics.

For flat applications, solar mats are also known, which can be flexibly attached to various surfaces of buildings or devices. Such solar mats, e.g. based on cadmium telluride or CIGS, have a limited degree of effectiveness.

Overall, it remains a challenge to integrate photovoltaic systems, in particular concentrator photovoltaic systems, into buildings or devices in an efficient manner and with a high degree of efficiency and to generate a high level of solar power.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of Ausführungsfor men of the present invention to create a photovoltaic component for buildings, boats, ships, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains, aircraft and other applications outside the automotive sector, which avoids the disadvantages of the known.

A further object of embodiments of the present invention is to create a photovoltaic component which improves the utilization of solar energy in buildings, boats, ships,

Construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains, airplanes and other applications outside of the automotive sector made light possible, and this in particular in a cost-effective and effi cient manner and with an advantageous degree of efficiency.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a photovoltaic component according to claim 1. Accordingly, the photovoltaic component has an outer pane and an inner pane. An energy-generating layer with a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane. The concentrator photovoltaic modules have at least one condenser lens as primary optics and a photovoltaic chip. The photovoltaic chip is integrated in a surface-mountable housing. The surface-mountable housing has at least two electrical contacts for contacting the photovoltaic chip, a transparent cover and an integrated reflector as secondary optics. Such a photovoltaic component can be manufactured in an efficient and reliable manner. In addition, by integrating the energy-generating layer between the outer and the inner pane, a long service life and reliability of the energy-generating layer can be achieved.

According to embodiments of the invention, photovoltaic modules with concentrator are integrated into the photovoltaic component. This enables a high degree of efficiency, especially in comparison to solar foils made of, for example, cadmium telluride.

The integration of the photovoltaic chip in a surface-mountable housing enables efficient (pre) production of the photovoltaic chip in very large numbers. At the same time, the housing of the

Chips already have a reflector integrated. Such surface mountable modules, which are also referred to as SMD modules (Surface Mounted Device), can be mounted and processed in a particularly efficient and automated manner. In particular, the surface mountable housing with the integrated photovoltaic chips and the integrated reflectors can be efficiently applied to the respective carrier material of the respective Application, for example on a carrier film, can be applied by means of reflow soldering.

In solar operation, the condenser lens or collector lens, as the primary optics of the concentrator photovoltaic module, concentrates or collects sunlight incident through the first pane onto the transparent cover of the housing and the photovoltaic chip. The reflectors integrated in the housing act as secondary optics of the concentrator photovoltaic module and operate as light collectors for the light passed on by the condenser lenses. A high degree of efficiency can thus be achieved in a manner that is efficient in terms of production technology.

The outer pane preferably has a high transmission. According to embodiments, the inner pane can likewise have a high transmission or a lower transmission than the outer pane. According to one embodiment of the invention, the outer pane and / or the inner pane can consist of glass and thus be designed as a glass component. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the outer pane and / or the inner pane can consist of a plastic and thus be designed as a plastic component.

According to embodiments of the invention, a pane denotes generally flat, in particular layer-shaped elements, which are in particular made transparent or partially transparent. According to embodiments of the invention, a pane can thus also be referred to as a layer, in particular as a transparent or partially transparent layer. According to embodiments of the invention, a disk can have a wide variety of geometries adapted to the respective installation position. According to embodiments, a Disc to be performed in particular rectangular or square. According to embodiments of the invention, a disk is designed in particular to be rigid or stiff.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component has a reflection layer which is arranged under the energy-generating layer. The reflective layer is configured to reflect incident sunlight through the first pane that has not yet been received by the concentrator photovoltaic modules.

As a result, the efficiency of the concentrator photovoltaic module can be further improved. The re flexion film can be arranged according to configurations between the energy-generating layer and the inner pane or under the inner pane or the underside of the inner pane. The terms “below” or “below” and “above” or “above” refer to the sun or the incident sunlight.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing has a recess forming a receiving trough with a recessed bottom section for receiving the photovoltaic chip, the receiving trough having side walls with reflective regions that form the reflector.

According to one embodiment, the receiving tub has side walls with at least a first and a second reflective area, the first reflective area being oriented at a first angle with respect to a horizontal plane of the housing and the second reflective area at a second angle with respect to the horizontal plane Level of the housing is aligned. The first angle is different from the second angle. A concentrator photovoltaic module designed in this way enables the two different angles of the first reflective area and the second reflective area to be selected individually and to the respective external conditions, in particular the respective orientation of the surfaces intended for installation and the respective sun exposure the areas provided for installation must be taken into account. The first and second reflective areas form reflective areas which receive the sunlight via the transparent cover, reflect it and pass it on in the direction of the photovoltaic chip or concentrate it on the photovoltaic chip. The at least two reflective areas of the receiving trough thus form a reflector.

It should be noted here that the term horizontal plane of the housing relates to the base area or bottom surface of the housing and should in particular run parallel to the bottom surface of the housing. The term horizontal plane of the housing should not necessarily refer to the respective installation situation of the housing. For example, if the housing is installed vertically in a building, the horizontal plane of the housing can run perpendicular to the floor of the building.

According to embodiments of the invention, the angles of the different reflection areas can thus be individually adapted to the respective installation situation in the building. In particular, the angles of the reflection areas can be adapted in relation to the elevation and / or the azimuth.

Due to the different angles of the first reflective area and the second reflective area, the concentration or reflection effect and the efficiency of the concentrator photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic component can be increased in a simple, cost-effective and efficient manner. The transparent cover is preferably made of glass, in particular thin glass, such as Gorilla® glass or ultra-thin glass. According to another embodiment, the transparent cover can consist of plastic. According to preferred embodiments, the transparent or translucent cover lets the sun light pass as freely as possible into the reflector of the receiving tray and is therefore designed as a flat surface according to the embodiments. In cross section, the transparent cover is in particular rectangular, the thickness of the cover being selected to be as small as possible, for example 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

According to further embodiments, however, the transparent cover can also have a concave or convex shape and thus deflect and / or focus the sunlight.

According to embodiments, the photovoltaic chip can be designed as a single or multiple solar cell, in particular as a triple solar cell (“triple junction”) or a quadruple solar cell (“quadruple junction”). According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic chip is a multi-junction solar cell made of a III-V semiconductor material, for example of gallium arsenide (GaAs) or gallium antimonide (GaSb). The photovoltaic chip is in particular a photovoltaic DIE, ie an unhoused piece of a semiconductor wafer, leads out. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component has a contacting layer with conductor tracks for contacting the concentrator photovoltaic modules or the photovoltaic chip. The contacting layer represents a printed circuit board or a carrier for the concentrator photovoltaic modules. The contacting layer can in particular be designed as a coating on the pane or as a flexible film. According to one embodiment of the invention, the concentrator photovoltaic modules and the condenser lenses are integrated in a plastic material, in particular in a transparent plastic material.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the energy-generating layer is integrated between the outer and the inner pane by means of an outer and an inner composite layer made of plastic. The composite layer can advantageously be a

Plastic film, in particular made of PVB or EVA, or another plastic, e.g. PU or an acrylate or another plastic resin.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the individual components of the photovoltaic component, in particular the surface-mountable housing, the concentrator photovoltaic modules and the contact layer, are transparent or largely transparent.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a heat-absorbing film is arranged behind the energy-generating layer. This can, for example, reduce the heating up of the interior of the building.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a heat-dissipating film is arranged behind the energy-generating layer. This can also reduce heating of the interior of the building and heating of the photovoltaic component.

The heat-absorbing film and / or the heat-dissipating film can in particular be arranged under the inner pane or between the inner pane and the energy-generating layer. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the contacting layer is designed as a heat-dissipating layer or film. In this case, the metallic conductor tracks in particular can be used for heat dissipation.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component has a middle pane which is arranged between the outer and inner pane. In addition, the energy-generating layer is arranged as the first energy-generating layer between the outer pane and the middle pane and a second energy-generating layer is arranged between the middle pane and the inner pane. In such an arrangement, two levels of energy-generating layers are thus provided. This allows the solar energy produced to be increased.

In particular, the second energy-generating layer can be arranged horizontally offset to the concentrator photovoltaic modules of the second energy-generating layer. This can further increase the solar energy produced.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic chip is arranged asymmetrically with respect to at least one vertical plane of symmetry of the housing. By means of such an asymmetrical arrangement of the photovoltaic chip in the housing, different angles of the first and second reflecting areas can be implemented in the housing in a particularly efficient and space-saving manner.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first and the second reflecting area lie opposite one another in relation to a first vertical plane of symmetry of the photovoltaic chip. In other words, the first and second reflective areas are arranged on opposite sides of the photovoltaic chip.

Such an embodiment with opposing reflective surfaces with different angles enables an improved concentration of the sunlight on the photovoltaic chip, in particular in the case of sunlight which is not incident parallel to the first vertical plane of symmetry of the photovoltaic chip.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first angle and the second angle differ from one another by at least 10 °, in particular by at least 20 °.

Different angles formed in this way are particularly advantageous when the Sonnenein radiation does not fall perpendicularly or symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular on the concentrator photovoltaic module. In such circumstances, such different angles enable an improved optical concentration of the reflector. According to one embodiment of the invention, the first reflective area and the second reflective area are designed as a reflective coating of the receptacle. According to embodiments, such a coating can be applied to a base body of the surface-mountable housing, for example, by means of a corresponding coating process.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first reflective area and the second reflective area are designed as a reflective film. Such a reflective film, for example a metal film, can be applied to the base body made of plastic according to embodiments, for example by means of an appropriate adhesive method.

According to further embodiments of the invention, the receiving trough has side walls with a third and a fourth reflective area. The third reflective area is aligned at a third angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing and the fourth reflective area is aligned at a fourth angle with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing. According to further embodiments, the third angle is different from the fourth angle.

Such embodiments thus have four different reflection areas or reflection surfaces, which can each be aligned with individual and different angles with respect to the horizontal plane of the housing.

With up to four different angles of the reflector, a further improvement in the concentration effect or reflection effect of the reflector can be made possible for the light or the solar radiation.

Accordingly, according to embodiments of the invention, photovoltaic components can be manufactured both for vertical installation surfaces, e.g. for vertical windows, and thus installation surfaces that are unfavorable for solar radiation, as well as for almost horizontally arranged installation surfaces, e.g. for roof surfaces.

According to one embodiment, the third angle and the fourth angle are different by at least 10 °, in particular by at least 20 °.

According to embodiments of the invention, the first angle, the second angle, and the third angle lie and the fourth angle in a range between 0 ° and 90 °.

According to embodiments, the first angle can be in a range between 45 ° and 90 °, in particular in a range between 60 ° and 75 ° and the second angle in a range between 0 ° and 45 °, in particular in a range between 10 ° and 35 °. Such angles can be particularly advantageous for vertical installation situations.

According to embodiments of the invention, the housing is protected against solid foreign bodies and against liquids. According to embodiments, the housing has a scope of protection in accordance with the International Protection (IP code) against solid foreign bodies of at least 5 and a scope of protection against liquids of at least 5. A housing protected in this way ensures reliable and long-lasting operation even under adverse environmental conditions. The housing can in particular be protected in accordance with IP protection classes 65 to 68.

According to embodiments of the invention, the first reflective area, the second reflective area, the third reflective area and / or the fourth reflective area are each designed as a concave surface.

By means of such concave surfaces, the concentration effect of the reflective areas for the light or the solar radiation can be increased.

According to other embodiments of the invention, the first reflective area, the second reflective area, the third reflective area and / or the fourth reflective area are each designed as a flat surface.

This is particularly advantageous in terms of production technology. According to embodiments of the invention, the housing has an integrated bypass diode, in particular a Schottky diode. The bypass diode can in particular be integrated into the base body, which can in particular consist of plastic. Such an integration of the bypass diode in each individual housing achieves a particularly high level of reliability. If a photovoltaic chip is defective or not fully functional, the current can be diverted via the bypass diode and the functionality of the overall system is not or barely impaired.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a building or a device with one or more photovoltaic components according to one of the preceding claims.

The device can in particular be a boat, a ship, a construction vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a train, a container or an airplane.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a photovoltaic component according to the above embodiments for installation or attachment in or on a building, a boat, a ship, a construction vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a train, a container, an aircraft and others Devices other than automobiles.

Brief description of the drawings

Further refinements, advantages and applications of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and from the description that follows with reference to the figures. Show: FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to a further embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to a further embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component according to a further embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a con- zentrator photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the invention ^¬;

FIG. 6a shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module in an x-z plane;

FIG. 6b shows a cross-sectional view of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in a y-z plane;

FIG. 6c shows a plan view of the concentrator photovoltaic module in the x-y plane;

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module with electrical contacts; 8a shows a photovoltaic component for a predominantly horizontal installation in a device;

8b shows a photovoltaic component with an inclined installation position;

8c shows a photovoltaic component for a predominantly vertical installation in a device;

FIG. 9 a top view of a photovoltaic

Chip array;

FIG. 10 a lens array according to an embodiment of the invention with a plurality of condenser lenses arranged in a plane;

FIG. 11 shows a side view of a building with photovoltaic components; FIG. 12 shows a top view of the building of FIG. 11;

FIG. Figure 13 shows a side view of a house with a flat roof; 14 shows an aircraft with several photovoltaic components integrated into the outer skin of the aircraft; and

15 shows a ship with several photovoltaic components arranged on the surface of the ship.

Way (s) for carrying out the invention

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an x-z plane according to an embodiment of the invention. The energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 has an outer pane 11 and an inner pane 12. The outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 can be made of glass or plastic according to embodiments. The outer pane 11 preferably has a high transmission in the desired wavelength range and can in particular be designed as a clear glass pane or as a non-colored plastic pane. According to embodiments, the inner disk 12 can also be designed with high transmission. According to other embodiments, the inner pane 12 can have a lower transmission than the outer pane 11. In particular, the inner pane 12 can be designed as tinted glass or colored plastic.

According to embodiments of the invention, the outer disk 11 and the inner disk 12 can be made from

Glass, such as soda-lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass, Alumosilicate glass or plastic, such as polycarbonate or PMMA, are made. According to embodiments of the invention, the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 can have different thicknesses, and the outer glass pane 11 and the inner glass pane 12 can be designed with or without thermal or chemical pretensioning. According to one embodiment, both the first pane and the second pane can consist of glass. According to another embodiment, the first pane can be made from glass and the second pane can be made from

Made of plastic. According to another embodiment, the second pane can consist of glass and the first pane of plastic. According to one embodiment, both the first disk and the second disk can be made of plastic.

An energy-generating layer 15 is provided between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12. The energy-generating layer 15 has a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules 20. The concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 each have a condenser lens or converging lens 21 and a photovoltaic chip 22 which is integrated in a surface-mountable housing 30. The condenser lens 21 is configured to focus the incident sunlight and guide it onto the photovoltaic chip 30 or a transparent cover of the housing 30. The condenser lens 21 functions as the primary optics of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20. A reflector 23 integrated into the housing 30 functions as a light collector or collector and collects the light incident on the transparent cover of the housing 30. Such a two-stage optics can significantly increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic chips 22. The energy generating layer 15 includes a

Contacting layer 14 with conductor tracks. The contacting layer 14 can be used, for example, as a printed circuit board, be designed in particular as a flexible printed circuit board and in particular as a flexible and transparent film.

The contacting film 14 can be designed as a heat-dissipating film. The surface-mountable housings 30 can be arranged on the contacting layer 14 by means of soldering, in particular by means of reflow soldering, and are electrically connected to the photovoltaic chips 22. According to embodiments of the invention, the energy-generating layer 15 or the spaces 15z of the energy-generating layer 15 can be filled with transparent plastic. According to other embodiments of the invention, the energy-generating layer 15 or the spaces 15z of the energy-generating layer

15 be designed as a vacuum.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 in an x-z plane according to a further embodiment of the invention. The photovoltaic component 10 largely corresponds to the photovoltaic component 10 of FIG. 1. In addition, the photovoltaic component 10 has a reflective layer

16, which is arranged under the energy-generating layer 15. The terms “under” and “above” are to be understood in the present description in relation to the sun or the direction of the incident sunlight. The reflective layer 16 is configured to reflect the sunlight falling through the first pane 11 which has not yet been received by the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 and converted into electrical energy. The sun light reflected in this way can then still be received by the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 through further reflections or scattering, for example through a reflection or scattering on the outer pane 11. This can affect the further increase efficiency. According to another embodiment of the invention, the reflective layer 16 can also be arranged between the inner pane 12 and the energy-generating layer 15.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view in an x-z plane of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 according to a further embodiment of the invention. The photovoltaic component 10 largely corresponds to the photovoltaic component 10 of FIG. 2. According to the embodiment of FIG. 3, the energy-generating layer 15 is integrated between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12 by means of an outer composite layer 17a and an inner composite layer 17b. The composite layers 17a, 17b can in particular be designed as lamination foils and consist of plastic, for example PVB or EVA. Such composite layers facilitate the manufacture of the energy-generating photovoltaic component.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an energy-generating photovoltaic component 10 according to a further embodiment of the invention. The photovoltaic component 10 initially has the in FIG. 1, namely an outer pane 11, an inner pane 12, an energy-generating layer and a contacting layer 14.

In addition, the photovoltaic component 10 has a central pane 13 which is arranged between the outer pane 11 and the inner pane 12. According to this embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic component 10 has two energy-generating layers, namely a first energy-generating layer 15a between the outer pane 11 and the middle pane 13 and a second energy-generating layer 15b between the middle pane 13 and the inner pane 12. So- The energy-generating layer 15a as well as the energy-generating layer 15b have a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules 20. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the layer 15a are arranged horizontally offset from the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the layer 15b. In particular, the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the lower, second energy-generating layer 15b are arranged in the horizontal spaces between the upper, first energy-generating layer 15a. This makes it possible to collect sunlight that was not received by the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the first layer 15a by means of the concentrator photovoltaic modules 20 of the second layer 15b arranged below. This can also increase the efficiency.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic components 10 can also have further layers, in particular films. Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, a heat-absorbing film or a heat-dissipating film can be arranged behind or under the energy-generating layer 15. According to embodiments of the invention, the reflective layer 16 can be replaced by a heat-absorbing film or a heat-dissipating film, or a heat-absorbing or heat-dissipating film can also be provided. According to embodiments, the films can be made transparent or partially transparent and applied as a lamination film. According to embodiments, the photovoltaic components 10 can be provided with a scratch protection coating in the case of plastic and / or a low-E coating in the case of glass.

FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in an xz plane according to one embodiment of the invention. According to this embodiment, the photovoltaic chip 22 is arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane of symmetry 39 a of the housing 30.

The concentrator photovoltaic module 20 has a lens 21 designed as a condenser lens or collecting lens as primary optics for focusing the sun's light. The lens 21 is arranged at a predefined stand dl from the housing 30. The height of the Ge housing 30 is denoted by d2.

The housing 30 comprises a base body 31. The base body 31 can in particular be made of plastic and manufactured, for example, by means of an injection molding process. The housing 30 or the base body 31 has a recess 32. The recess 32 forms or forms a receiving trough 33 with a ver deepened bottom portion 34 for receiving the photovoltaic chip 22. The photovoltaic chip 22 is designed according to preferred embodiments of the invention as a multi-junction solar cell, but can form according to other embodiments Invention can also be designed as a single junction solar cell. According to embodiments of the invention, a photovoltaic chip is understood to mean, in particular, a photovoltaic DIE, i.e. an unhoused piece of a semiconductor wafer with a multi-junction or single-junction solar cell.

The concentrator photovoltaic module 20 has at least two electrical contacts for contacting the photovoltaic chip 22, which in FIG. 5 are not shown to simplify the illustration.

The concentrator photovoltaic module 20 also has a transparent cover 36 which closes the housing 30 and in particular the recess 32, in particular closes it in a watertight and dustproof manner.

According to embodiments, the transparent cover 36 consists of glass, in particular thin glass or ultra-thin glass. The housing 30 is preferably protected against solid foreign bodies and liquids by means of the transparent cover 36. For this purpose, the housing 36 can in particular be designed in accordance with IP protection class 66. According to embodiments, the housing 36 has a scope of protection in accordance with the International Protection (IP code) against solid foreign bodies of at least 4 and a scope of protection against liquids of at least 4. The transparent cover 36 can be attached to the housing 30, in particular special to the base body 31, for example by means of ultrasonic welding.

The receiving trough 33 has side walls with reflective areas 35a and 35b. The receiving trough 33 forms a reflector 23 by means of the reflective areas. The reflector 23 represents a secondary optical system of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 and is configured to function as a light collector or optical homogenizer. According to embodiments, the reflector 23 can be designed as a conical cylinder or as a conical parallelepiped.

FIG. 6a shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in an x-z plane according to a further embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6b shows a cross-sectional view of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in a y-z plane which runs perpendicular to the x-z plane. FIG. 6c shows a top view of the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in the x-y plane.

In FIGS. 6a to 6c, the primary optics with the condenser lens 21 are not shown for the sake of simplicity of illustration. The concentrator photovoltaic module 20 is similar to that in FIG. 5 module shown builds up and accordingly has a housing 30 with a Base body 31 and a recess 32 on which a receiving trough 33 with a recessed bottom portion 34 for receiving the photovoltaic chip 22 forms.

The receptacle 33 has side walls with a first reflective area 35a, a second reflective area 35b, a third reflective area 35c and a fourth reflective area 35d. The first reflecting portion 35a is in egg ^¬ nem cp1 first angle relative to a horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing is aligned 30th The second re ^¬ inflected portion 35b is at a second angle cp2 of the housing 30 is oriented relative to the horizontal plane xy 38th The third reflective area 35c is oriented at a third angle cp3 with respect to the horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing 10. The fourth reflective area 35d is oriented at a fourth angle cp4 with respect to the horizontal xy plane 38 of the housing. According to the embodiment shown in Figures 6a to 6c embodiment, the first angle to the second angle cp2 cp1, while the third angle and the fourth angle cp3 cp4 in that game ^¬ equal or approximately equal are un differently. According to other embodiments, the third angle cp3 and the fourth angle cp4 can also be of different sizes.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS 6a and 6b, the photovoltaic chip 22 ASYMMET ^¬ driven arranged in relation to the vertical plane of symmetry 39a of the housing 30 while being arranged symmetrically in relation to the vertical plane of symmetry of the housing 39b 30th

As can be seen in particular from FIGS 6a and 6c, the first reflective Be ^¬ rich 35a and the second reflecting portion 35b are in relation to the photovoltaic chip 22 opposite, and in particular with respect to a in FIG. lc first ver ^¬ Tikale plane of symmetry 22c of the photovoltaic shown chips 22nd According to the example shown, the first angle is cpl about 65 ° and the second angle cp2 un ^¬ dangerous 35 °. According to embodiments of the invention, the angles cpl, cp2, cp3 and cp4 are in a range between 0 ° and 90 °. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the first angle cpl lies in a range between 45 ° and 90 °, in particular in a range between 60 ° and 75 ° and is therefore relatively steep, while the second angle cp2 lies in a range between 0 ° and 45 ° °, in particular in a range between 10 ° and 35 °, and is therefore relatively flat.

Such an embodiment is for example advantageous for photovoltaic modules which are intended for a perpendicular ^¬ right mounting. Thus, it is made possible out and improve the power output of the photovoltaic module in verti ^¬ kalem installation significantly, in particular by "lower" reflecting surface is more inclined relative to the horizontal plane of the housing reflective than the "upper" surface.

According to embodiments of the first reflecting portion 35a, the second reflecting Be ^¬ rich 35b, the third reflecting portion 35c and the fourth reflecting portion 35d are applied as a coating on the base body 31 of the receptacle 33rd According to other embodiments of the first reflecting portion 35a, the second reflec ^¬ Rende portion 35b, the third reflecting portion 35c and the fourth reflecting portion 35d are formed as reflec ^¬ Rende film which, for example, pan by means of gluing or other methods to the base body 31 of the recording 33 can be applied.

According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6a to 6c, the reflective areas 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d are each designed as flat surfaces, in particular as trapezoidal surfaces.

According to other embodiments not shown, however, the reflective areas 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d can also have other shapes, in particular special concave shapes and convex shapes.

One such configuration module enables the angular CP1, CP2, CP3 and CP4 of the reflective Be rich 35a 35b to choose 35c and 35d individually and un ^¬ differently and to the respective alignment of the modules to the designated for installation surfaces and the resulting to take into account the corresponding sun exposure of the modules with regard to the elevation and / or the azimuth.

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a concentrator photovoltaic module 20 in an xz plane according to an embodiment of the invention. In FIG. 7, the electrical connections of the module is closer Darge ^¬. In particular, the concentrator photovoltaic module 20 has a first electrical contact 22a and a second electrical contact 22b. The electrical contacts 22a, 22b of the housing 30 are arranged on opposite sides and det as so-called Leads ausgebil ^¬ which are embedded in the base body 31 is made of plastic ^¬. The photovoltaic chip 22 is electrically connected to the leads of the electrical contacts 22a and 22b by means of wire bonding. The module 20 is thus designed as a surface-mountable module using SMD technology (Surface Mount Technology). The module 20 also has a bypass diode 45 integrated into the housing 30, which can in particular be designed as a Schottky diode. The bypass diode is connected in parallel to the photovoltaic chip 22 and accordingly on the one hand with the electrical contact 22a and on the other hand with the electrical contact 22b connected, also in accordance with embodiments by means of wire bonding. The photovoltaic chip 22 can be electrically contacted, for example, with conductor tracks of the contacting layer 14 by means of soldering.

Figures 8a to 8c show different installation situations of photovoltaic components 10 and the surface-mountable housings integrated therein. The angles cp1 and cp2 relate to the angle of the reflective surfaces of the reflectors integrated in the housing 30.

The position of the sun 50 is shown in an exemplary manner in FIGS. 8a to 8c, e.g. at midday.

In addition, the course of the reflective surfaces of the reflectors 23 are shown in FIGS. 8a to 8c in an exemplary manner by means of dashed lines.

Fig. 8a shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is intended for a predominantly horizontal installation in a building or a device, e.g. as a horizontal roof photovoltaic component. Fig. 8b shows a photovoltaic component 10, which is intended for inclined installation positions, for example between 20 ° and 80 °, e.g. for pitched roofs.

8c shows a photovoltaic component 10 which is provided for a predominantly vertical installation in a building or a device.

According to embodiments of the invention, the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 can each be individually adapted to the respective installation situation in order to optimize the light capture of the reflector for the respective installation situation. While the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 are preferably chosen to be equal in the case of a horizontal installation, the first angle is the same for an inclined and a vertical installation situation Angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 are preferably selected differently in order to increase the light capture in relation to the elevation of the solar radiation.

FIG. 9 shows a top view of a photovoltaic chip array 900. The photovoltaic chip array 900 has a plurality of SMD housings 30 with integrated photovoltaic chips and reflectors, which are mounted on a printed circuit board or contact layer 14 in the form of a film as surface-mounted components are soldered on.

FIG. 10 shows a lens array 1000 according to an embodiment of the invention with a large number of condenser lenses 21 arranged flatly in one plane. The lens array 1300 can be prefabricated from transparent plastic, for example by means of injection molding. The individual NEN condenser lenses 21 are verbun with thin webs 21a. The lens array prefabricated in this way can, according to one embodiment, be attached to the underside of the outer pane 11, for example by gluing. According to another embodiment, the prefabricated lens array 1100 can first be attached to the photovoltaic chip array 1200 and then attached between the panes.

FIG. 11 shows a side view of a building or house 1100. The building 1100 has a photovoltaic component 1110 on a sloping roof 1101 and a photovoltaic component 1111 on a vertical side wall 1102, which can be configured like the photovoltaic components 10 described above.

FIG. 12 shows a top view of the building 1100. It can be seen here that the building 1100 has a further photovoltaic component 1112 on the rear wall 1103 in addition to the photovoltaic component 1110 and the photovoltaic component 1111. The photovoltaic components 1110, 1111 and 1112 can in particular as in the plan view of FIG. 9 is made ^{¬ be} formed.

The position of the sun 1120 is shown in an exemplary manner in FIGS. 11 and 12, for example at noon.

In addition, the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the individual photovoltaic components 1110 and 1111 are shown in an exemplary manner by means of dashed lines in FIG.

In addition, the third angle cp3 and the fourth angle cp4 of the individual photovoltaic components 1110 and 1112 are shown in an exemplary manner by means of dashed lines in FIG.

The angles cp1, cp2, cp3 and cp4 relate again to the angles of the reflection surfaces of the reflectors of the concentrator photovoltaic modules of the individual photovoltaic components integrated into the housing 30.

In the example of FIGS. 11 and 12, the individual photovoltaic components 1110, 1111 and 1112 each have different combinations of the individual angles cp1, cp2, cp3 and cp4. This makes it possible to take into account the respective installation situation of the systems 1110, 1111 and 1112 and to optimally adapt the angles cp1, cp2, cp3 and cp4 to the position of the sun or the course of the sun in order to achieve a maximum concentration effect or reinforcement of the reflector.

The first angle and the second angle CP1 CP2 are in accordance with embodiments of the invention in particular chosen so that they take into account the respective installation situation opti ^¬ times with respect to the elevation of the sun.

The third angle cp3 and the fourth angle cp4 are in particular according to embodiments of the invention chosen so that they optimally take into account the respective installation situation with regard to the azimuth of the sun. So is in FIG. 12 also shows the orientation of the house in relation to the cardinal points. The house wall 1102 has, for example, a south-east exposure and the rear wall 1103 a south-west exposure. By suitable and individual choice of the angles cp3 and cp4 for the side wall 1102 and the rear wall 1103, the efficiency of the photovoltaic component can be improved.

FIG. Figure 13 shows a side view of a house

1300 with a flat roof 1301. On the flat roof

1301 is a photovoltaic component 1310 and a photovoltaic component 1311 is attached to a vertical side wall 1302.

The first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the photovoltaic component 1310 are selected differently than the first angle cp1 and the second angle cp2 of the photovoltaic component 1110 of the in FIG. 11, in order to improve the reflector effect of the photovoltaic components.

Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, the photovoltaic components 10 can be used as energy-generating glass or plastic components for roof systems, flat roofs, industrial roofs, house roofs, facades, facade constructions and / or as single or multi-pane insulating glass. 14 shows an aircraft 1400 with several photovoltaic components (10) integrated into the outer skin of the aircraft 1400.

15 shows a ship 1500 with several photovoltaic components (10) arranged on the surface of the ship. According to further refinements of the invention, the photovoltaic components (10) can also be integrated or built on in construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains or containers.

While preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the present application, it should be clearly pointed out that the invention is not restricted to these and can also be carried out in other ways within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. Photovoltaic component (10) for buildings, containers, boats, ships, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, trains, aircraft and other applications with the exception of automobiles, having an outer pane (11); and an inner disc (12); characterized in that an energy-generating layer (15) with a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) is arranged between the outer pane (11) and the inner pane (12), the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) having at least one condenser lens (21) as primary optics and a photovoltaic chip (22) which is integrated into a surface-mountable housing (30), the surface-mountable housing (30) having at least two electrical contacts (22a, 22b) for con tacting the photovoltaic -Chips (22), a transparent cover (36) and an integrated reflector (23) as secondary optics.

2. Photovoltaic component according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic component (10) has a reflective layer (16) which is arranged under the energy-generating layer (15) and is configured to through the first pane (11) incident sunlight, which is not yet from the Concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) was received to reflect.

3. Photovoltaic component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the housing (30) has a receptacle (33) forming recess (32) with egg nem recessed bottom portion (34) for receiving the photovoltaic chip (22), wherein the receptacle (33) has side walls with re ^¬ inflecting portions (35a, 35b) which constitute the Re ^¬ Flektor (23).

Having 4 photovoltaic device according to claim 3, characterized in that the receptacle (33) side walls having we ^¬ nigstens a first and a second reflective region (35a, 35b), said first reflec ^¬ Rende portion (35a) at a first angle ( cp1) is aligned with respect to a horizontal plane (38) of the housing (30) and the second reflective area (35b) is aligned at a second angle (cp2) with respect to the horizontal plane (38) of the housing (30); and the first angle (cp1) is different from the second angle (cp2).

5. The photovoltaic component according to claim 4, wherein the receiving trough (33) has side walls with a third and a fourth reflective area (35c, 35d), the third reflective area (35c) at a third angle (cp3) relative to the horizontal plane of the housing (30) is aligned and the fourth reflec ^¬ Rende portion (35d) at a fourth angle (CP4) against is tet be rich above the horizontal plane of the housing (30), in particular the third angle under ^¬ is differently to the fourth angle.

6. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic component (10) has a contacting layer (14) with conductor tracks for contacting the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20).

7. Photovoltaic device according to any preceding ^¬ preceding claim, wherein the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) are integrated in a plastic material.

8. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy-generating layer (15) is integrated between the outer and the inner pane by means of an outer and an inner composite layer (17a, 17b) made of plastic.

9. Photovoltaic component according to claim 8, wherein the outer composite layer and / or the inner composite layer (17a, 17b) is a plastic film, in particular made of PVB or EVA.

10. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that a heat-absorbing film (16) is arranged behind the energy-generating layer (15).

11. Photovoltaic component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heat-dissipating film (16) is arranged behind the energy-generating layer (15).

12. Photovoltaic component according to claim 6, characterized in that the contacting layer (14) is designed as a heat-dissipating film.

13. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic component has a central pane (13) which is arranged between the outer and the inner pane, the energy-generating layer as the first energy-generating layer (15a) between the exterior Ren disc (11) and the central disc (13) is angeord net and a second energy-generating layer (15b) with a plurality of concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) is arranged between the central disc (13) and the inner disc (12).

14. Photovoltaic component according to claim 13, characterized in that the concentrator photovoltaic modules (20) of the second energy-generating layer (15b) are arranged horizontally offset to the concentrator photovoltaic modules of the first energy-generating layer (15a).

15. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the housing (30) has an integrated bypass diode (45), in particular a special Schottky diode.

16. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic chip (22) is a multi-junction solar cell, in particular a multi-junction solar cell made of a III-V semiconductor material.

17. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the outer pane (11) and the inner pane (12) are made of glass or plastic.

18. Photovoltaic component according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic component is designed as an energy-generating component for roof systems, flat roofs, industrial roofs, house roofs, facades, facade structures and / or as a single or multiple insulating glass for buildings.

19. Building with one or more photovoltaic components (10) according to one of the preceding claims.

20. Device with one or more photovoltaic components (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device is a boat, a ship A construction vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a train, a container or an airplane.

21. Use of a photovoltaic component according to one of claims 1 to 18 for installation or cultivation in or on a building, a boat, a ship, a construction vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a train, a container or an aircraft and other devices with the exception of Automobiles.