Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
  • F25J1/0007—Helium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
  • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
  • F25J1/0017—Oxygen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
  • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
  • F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
  • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
  • F25J3/04533—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion"
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
  • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
  • F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
  • F25J3/04581—Hot gas expansion of indirect heated nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J3/04975—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the air fractionation unit, e.g. transportable devices by truck or small scale use
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
  • F25J2205/86—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using electrical phenomena, e.g. Corona discharge, electrolysis or magnetic field
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
  • F25J2235/02—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams using a pump in general or hydrostatic pressure increase
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
  • F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the general field of cooling an initially gaseous component until liquefaction, more precisely at a very low temperature and in particular cryogenic.
• the invention thus relates to a cooling system.
• the invention further relates to an air conditioning system, an engine assembly, an adaptation method, a cooling method and an associated oxycombustion method.
• the regulated use, transport or storage of a gaseous component requires carrying out an operation of concentration of this gaseous component, for example by means of a compressor.
• concentration operation can also be carried out by liquefying the initially gaseous component.
• the known gas liquefaction systems in particular of the liquefaction by cooling or compression type, are particularly expensive, energy intensive and bulky, and present a high risk in terms of the safety of goods and people. They are difficult to use outside an industrial installation that is not very flexible and relatively inefficient.
• the objects assigned to the present invention therefore aim to remedy the various drawbacks listed above and to propose a new cooling system which, while being particularly efficient, is particularly simple to implement, inexpensive and not bulky.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a new cooling system whose operation is particularly easy to adapt to different uses.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a new cooling system whose maintenance cost is reduced.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new cooling system which is particularly resistant to wear and whose efficiency is substantially constant over time and this even if it is subjected to prolonged uses and / or successive.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a new cooling system having an optimized efficiency, thus allowing the use of a dimensioning as accurate as possible according to its use.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a novel cooling system which is particularly efficient, takes up little space and which can be easily adapted for use on different scales.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a novel cooling system which is particularly useful in the field of motor vehicles, in particular with regard to energy efficiency and pollution control.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a new cooling system which operates under optimum safety conditions.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a new cooling system which has very little or no environmental impact, as well as an excellent carbon footprint.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new air conditioning system exhibiting in particular high energy efficiency as well as excellent air conditioning capacity. Another object of the invention aims to provide a new engine assembly that is particularly low in pollution, easy to produce and exhibiting high energy efficiency.
• Another object of the invention aims to provide a new method of adapting an internal combustion engine that is easy to implement, making it possible to obtain an improvement in the overall performance of the engine, in particular in the fields of energy efficiency and limitation of pollutant discharges.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a new cooling method which is particularly inexpensive in terms of energy, easy to implement and to adapt to a large number of applications.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a new particularly efficient oxycombustion process, controlled, very low polluting, and having excellent overall energy efficiency.
• a cooling system comprising at least:
• a cooling means intended to cool said primary electric motor using cryogenic liquid from said primary pump.
• a high-power air conditioning system characterized in that it comprises the cooling system described above and below, the cooling energy of the system of high power air conditioning being supplied via the evaporator.
• a motor assembly characterized in that it comprises at least: - the cooling system as described above and below, said cooling system being designed to produce liquefied oxygen, and
• an internal combustion engine downstream of said cooling system and comprising a combustion chamber, the cooling system being connected to said internal combustion engine so as to be able to inject said liquefied oxygen into said combustion chamber.
• the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a method of adapting an internal combustion engine comprising at least one intake manifold and a combustion chamber, said method of adaptation being characterized by what he understands at least:
• the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using an oxycombustion process comprising the cooling process as described above, the oxycombustion process further comprising a step of injecting liquefied oxygen during of the cooling process within a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
• Figure 1 is a simplified schematic illustration of the general principle of a cooling system of the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a particular embodiment of the cooling system of the invention, with helium cooling.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of another particular embodiment of the cooling system of the invention, with a separation device, the whole integrated within an exemplary motor assembly of the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of yet another particular embodiment of the cooling system of the invention, with water electrolysis and anaerobic digestion, all integrated within another example of an engine assembly of the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the separation device of Figure 3.
• FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an enlarged view of a detail of Figure 5.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of part of the separation device of Figure 3.
• FIG. 8 is a section along a plane B of the separation device of Figure 7.
• FIG. 9 is a detailed schematic illustration of an example of the operating principle of a magnetic separation device according to the invention.
• Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of the motor of Figure 3. WAYS TO CARRY OUT THE INVENTION
• the invention relates, according to a first aspect illustrated in the figures, to a cooling system 1 comprising at least:
• a primary electric motor 3 intended to operate said Stirling heat pump 2.
• the cooling system 1 of the invention is advantageously designed to cool said inlet gas G ⁇ until the latter liquefies and more precisely so that it reaches a cryogenic temperature (also called cryotemperature) for constitute said cryogenic liquid L.
• said input gas Ge is preferably formed from at least one compound capable of reaching, in liquid form, a cryogenic temperature, that is to say rather low.
• Said cryogenic liquid L and the terms relating to cryogenics in general, preferably relate to temperatures below -50 ° C, more preferably -100 ° C, even more preferably -150 ° C or even -153 , 15 ° C (i.e. 120 K).
• said cryogenic temperature is advantageously less than -50 ° C, more preferably -100 ° C, even more preferably -150 ° C or even more preferably -153.15 ° C (that is to say say 120 K).
• the cryogenic temperature, to which the cryogenic liquid L is therefore advantageously brought by means of said Stirling heat pump 2 is between -150 ° C and -270 ° C, more preferably between -170 and -250 ° C, and more preferably still between -196 and - 210 ° C.
• Said Stirling heat pump 2 is preferably a cold machine, and therefore advantageously designed to generate cold (sometimes called “Stirling cold”) according to the Stirling cycle but in the opposite direction of operation of a Stirling engine, since the cycle of Stirling is reversible.
• said Stirling heat pump 2 thus requires, in order to generate cold, a mechanical drive provided by said primary electric motor 3.
• Said Stirling heat pump 2 is therefore advantageously designed for, alone or in combination with d '' possible others cooling devices, cooling said input gas Ge, at least until it liquefies, and preferably before it solidifies, and more precisely to said cryogenic temperature.
• the invention also relates as such, according to a second aspect illustrated in the figures, a cooling method comprising at least one step of cooling an inlet gas G ⁇ using at least one heat pump Stirling 2, so as to form a cryogenic liquid L, said Stirling 2 heat pump being powered by a primary electric motor 3.
• the cooling process is obviously preferably implemented by means of the cooling system 1 mentioned above, and described in more detail below.
• the description which follows and which precedes concerning the cooling system 1 therefore also applies to the cooling method of the invention, and vice versa.
• the cooling system 1 further comprises at least:
• a primary pump 4 intended to circulate said cryogenic liquid L under pressure
• the cooling method further comprises:
• said pumping step is preferably carried out using said primary pump 4.
• said cooling step is preferably carried out using said cooling means 5, which may for example comprise a heat exchanger (not shown) enveloping the primary electric motor 3.
• Said cooling means 5 further advantageously comprises a recirculation means, for example a pipe, designed to recover the cryogenic liquid L at an outlet of the pump to Stirling heat 2 and inject it into said heat exchanger.
• Said primary pump 4 is preferably a high pressure pump, capable of putting said cryogenic liquid L under a pressure greater than 40 bars, preferably greater than 70 bars, more advantageously greater than 100 bars, and for example between 100 and 3000 bars.
• Said pumping step is therefore advantageously a high pressure pumping step, to bring the cryogenic liquid L to one of the aforementioned pressure ranges.
• the cooling means 5 is designed so as to also cool said Stirling heat pump 2 itself with the aid of said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary pump 4, thereby accelerating the condensation of the cryogenic liquid L at the same time. within said Stirling 2 heat pump and allowing the latter to minimize losses (by heating for example).
• cryogenic liquids very often have a very low viscosity, that of liquefied air (for example forming said cryogenic liquid L) being for example approximately 20 times lower. to the viscosity of water in the liquid state.
• Another advantage of the cooling configuration established by the invention is that the pressurization (preferably high pressure) of the cryogenic liquid L, which can therefore be carried out almost without loss (in particular of electrical energy) by said primary pump 4, maximizes the efficiency of using said cryogenic liquid L in a wide variety of applications.
• One of the advantages of this pressurization of the cryogenic liquid L is that it allows the latter to sufficiently rapidly cool said primary electric motor 3
• Said primary pump 4 comprises, for example, a pumping means which may in particular be centrifugal, positive-displacement, or even vacuum.
• the primary pump 4 comprises a secondary electric motor (not shown), and the cooling system 1 is designed to cool said secondary electric motor using the cryogenic liquid L coming from said Stirling heat pump 2.
• the cryogenic liquid L coming from said Stirling heat pump 2 cools said secondary electric motor.
• the cryogenic liquid L advantageously makes it possible to operate the primary electric motor 3, and preferably also the secondary electric motor, at cryogenic temperatures.
• Said electric motor (s) therefore operating advantageously under conditions close to superconductivity due to their low operating temperature, this configuration significantly reducing the losses in the magnetic circuit (called “iron” losses) and losses by the Joule effect (known as “copper” losses, due to electrical resistance) of the electric motor (s) 3.
• the cooling system 1 operates almost without losses other than friction losses, which are moreover very low within the primary pump 4 and even within the Stirling heat pump 2 when said cryogenic liquid L has a low viscosity.
• the cooling system 1 and the cooling method can therefore be implemented with a minimum of electrical energy, without substantial loss of the latter.
• Said primary 3 and secondary electric motors are preferably separate, to allow better control of the cooling system and of the cooling process, but alternatively, they can be formed by the same single electric motor, which performs the two functions of starting up the cooling system.
• said Stirling heat pump 2 and switching on said primary pump 4 or more exactly its pumping means are preferably separate, to allow better control of the cooling system and of the cooling process, but alternatively, they can be formed by the same single electric motor, which performs the two functions of starting up the cooling system.
• the cooling system 1 also comprises a device for generating electrical energy from a renewable energy source (not illustrated), said primary electric motor 3 and / or said primary pump 4 being designed to be supplied (therefore with electrical energy) by said energy generation device.
• Said power generation device is by example with intermittent production, and may in particular comprise one or more wind turbines, or even one or more solar panels (photovoltaic in particular).
• the cooling method comprises a step of generating electrical energy from a renewable energy source, for example intermittent, such as a wind or solar energy source, for supplying (therefore electrical energy) said primary electric motor 3 and / or enabling said pumping step.
• said energy generation step is preferably carried out using said energy generation device.
• Such a configuration is particularly advantageous because it represents an optimized carbon footprint, low overall heating, and therefore an optimized environmental impact that is to say reduced or even almost zero or zero.
• the cooling system 1 further comprises an evaporator 6 intended to evaporate at least part of said cryogenic liquid L under pressure from said primary electric motor 3, so as to form an outlet gas G ⁇ and to recover cooling energy.
• Said evaporator 6 can be formed from one unit or from a plurality of units, each unit advantageously forming a specific heat exchanger.
• Said evaporator 6 can be considered as being a global heat exchanger, one of the main functions of which is to heat said cryogenic liquid L so as to cause it to evaporate in the form of said outlet gas G ⁇ .
• Said evaporator 6 can also be designed to heat transfer cooling energy from said outlet gas Gs (which remains relatively cold in the evaporator 6, for example around -10 to -120 ° C) to another compound, or in other words, to transfer heat from this other compound to said outlet gas Gs.
• said evaporator 6 comprises at least one primary heat exchanger 7 intended to collect on the one hand said input gas Ge in order to cool it before its entry into said Stirling heat pump 2, and on the other hand at least part of said cryogenic liquid L, coming from said primary electric motor 3, to heat it.
• said evaporator 6 further comprises at least one secondary heat exchanger 8 intended to heat said outlet gas G ⁇ or at least part of said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary heat exchanger 7 using a source heat Q.
• the cooling system 1 comprises a module 9 for supplying said heat source Q.
• said supply module 9 is formed by a device for producing solar energy. 10, a combustion heat recovery device 51, for example from an internal combustion engine 50, or a fatal heat recovery device from the cooling system 1 or from another system.
• the cooling system 1 comprises a helium liquefaction device 30, which comprises at least:
• a heat exchanger 31 intended to collect on the one hand gaseous helium He in order to cool it to a cryotemperature, for example 120 K or below (or any other cryogenic temperature already mentioned), and on the other hand the cryogenic liquid L under pressure from the primary electric motor 3 to heat it,
• an isenthalpic expansion module 32 intended to achieve the isenthalpic expansion of the cooled gaseous helium He from the heat exchanger 31, in order to liquefy said gaseous helium He.
• said heat exchanger 31 therefore forms part of said evaporator 6, and can be formed, for example, by said primary heat exchanger 7 or said secondary heat exchanger 8 or else constitute a separate unit.
• said evaporator 6 comprises said heat exchanger 31.
• said helium liquefaction device 30 further comprises at least one or more of:
• a cooling circuit 33 of a magnetic element 34 such as a medical imaging magnet, using the liquefied helium He coming from said isenthalpic expansion module, so that the liquefied helium He is sufficiently heated to be vaporized into gaseous helium He,
• a secondary compressor 36 intended to compress the gaseous helium He coming from said cooling circuit 33 and to send it to said heat exchanger 31, and a secondary turbine 35, positioned upstream of said isenthalpic expansion module 32 and intended to recover mechanical energy from the cooled gaseous helium He coming from the heat exchanger 31, said secondary turbine 35 supplying (at least in part ) said secondary compressor 36 in energy (mechanical, directly, or electrical, indirectly for example via an electrical generator unit).
• the cooling system 1 comprises a mechanical energy recovery device 12 for recovering the mechanical energy produced by a displacement of said outlet gas Gs.
• the cooling method thus comprises, downstream of said cooling step, a step of recovering mechanical energy produced by a displacement of said outlet gas Gs.
• said outlet gas displacement Gs is caused by the passage of at least part of said cryogenic liquid L in the gaseous state in the form of said outlet gas Gs and / or by heating and / or expansion of said second component outlet gas Gs.
• the displacement of said outlet gas Gs is thus advantageously the source of mechanical work operated by said mechanical energy recovery device 12.
• said primary pump 4 is at least partly actuated using said mechanical energy recovery device 12.
• said pumping step is less partly carried out using the energy recovered during said mechanical energy recovery step.
• said mechanical energy recovery device 12 comprises at least one electric generator 13.
• Said mechanical energy recovery device 12 further comprises, for example, a primary turbine 14, linked to said generator. electric 13, said primary turbine 14 being rotated by said outlet gas Gs.
• the mechanical energy recovered by said mechanical energy recovery device 12 is reused in mechanical form.
• Said mechanical energy recovery device 12, and more precisely said electric generator 13 is thus advantageously designed to produce produced electric energy Eee from the recovered mechanical energy.
• the cooling system 1 comprises, upstream of said Stirling heat pump 2, a primary compressor 15 designed to compress said input gas Ge, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4.
• This compressor 35 advantageously makes it possible to facilitate the entry of the input gas Ge, for example air, within the cooling system 1, with a view to producing said cryogenic liquid JL.
• said primary compressor 15 is at least partly actuated using said mechanical energy recovery device 12, for example by transmission of mechanical and / or electrical energy Em / e.
• the cooling process comprises, upstream of said cooling step, a compression step during which said inlet gas Ge is compressed, said compression step being more preferably at least partly carried out at using the energy recovered during said mechanical energy recovery step. The energy balance and the overall efficiency of the cooling system 1 are further improved.
• the cooling system further comprises a module 16 for electrolysis of water H2O into dihydrogen H2 and oxygen oxygen O2 supplied with electricity at least by said electric generator 13.
• said electric generator 13 supplies the electric energy produced Eee, to the electrolysis module 16 advantageously continuously, which makes it possible to save large amounts of energy since there is no longer any need to supply said module completely independently.
• 'electrolysis 16 Such a configuration is particularly advantageous because the electrolysis of water is very expensive in terms of electrical energy.
• the cooling system 1 advantageously further comprises a heat exchange module 17 designed to:
• the cooling system 1 also comprises a methane reforming unit 18, designed to react carbon dioxide CO2 with dihydrogen Hg from said water electrolysis module 16 to form methane CH4 and water H2O.
• the methane CH4 thus formed can advantageously be injected into an internal combustion engine 50 as fuel, while the liquefied oxygen O2 can be injected into said internal combustion engine 50 as an oxidizer.
• the invention also relates as such, according to a third aspect illustrated by the examples in FIGS. 3 and 4, an engine assembly 60 comprising at least:
• cooling system 1 being designed to produce liquefied oxygen O2
• the engine assembly 60 is obviously preferably implemented by means of the cooling system 1 mentioned above, and described in more detail below.
• the above description (and optionally which follows) concerning the cooling system 1 and the cooling method therefore also applies to the engine assembly 60 of the invention, and vice versa.
• the cooling system 1 is connected to said internal combustion engine 50 so as to be able to inject said liquefied oxygen O2 into said combustion chamber 25.
• said liquefied dioxygen O2 comes from said water electrolysis module 16.
• the cooling system 1 is also designed to be able to also inject said methane ChU into said combustion chamber 25.
• the internal combustion engine 50 is a four-stroke engine, a two-stroke engine, a rotary piston engine (as illustrated), a gas turbine, or a Stirling engine. Said internal combustion engine 50 is thus advantageously intended to be supplied with an oxidizer and a fuel, one and / or the other possibly coming from said cooling system 1.
• said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary electric motor 3 is formed of at least a first component i and a second component Qg which are distinct and in the liquid state.
• the cooling system 1 further comprises a separation device 19 designed to separate said first and second components i, Qg in the liquid state by magnetism, one of said first and second components Ci, Qg in the liquid state exhibiting a much greater paramagnetic character than the other of said first and second components Ci, Qg.
• the cooling method further comprises a step of separating said first and second components Qi, Qg in the liquid state by magnetism. Obviously, said separation step is preferably carried out by means of said separation device 19.
• said input gas Ge is formed by air, said first component Ci being mainly formed by dioxygen O2, while said second component C2 is very predominantly formed. by nitrogen N2.
• said second component Qg thus further comprises argon Ar and / or carbon dioxide C02, each of which is found in air in a much lower proportion than that of dinitrogen N2.
• said input gas Ge is formed mainly by natural gas or bio-methane (that is to say resulting from an essentially biological process for the production of methane), said first component O being predominantly formed of CHU methane while said second component C2, in particular in the liquid state, is formed from natural gas or bio-methane effluents, said effluents being in the present case preferably formed from the liquid fraction of natural gas or bio-methane released following the treatment of the input gas Ge (cooling to liquefaction) freed of its main recoverable product, namely here CHU methane.
• natural gas and biomethane are usually each formed by a mixture of several chemical species, among which methane CH4 is normally predominant.
• Said separation device 19 preferably further comprises an induction pump 20, for example single-phase or three-phase, designed to expel said most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Ci, C2, out of the separation device 19, preferably while pressurizing it.
• said separation device 19 comprises a magnetic trap 21 designed to emit a magnetic field 100 so as to retain the most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Ci, 2, substantially within a trapping portion 22 of said separation device 19.
• said separation step thus comprises a magnetic trapping step in which a magnetic field 100 is emitted so as to retain the most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Ci, Cg, substantially at the same time. within a trapping zone 23, which is preferably formed by or surrounded by said trapping portion 22.
• said magnetic trapping step is advantageously carried out using said magnetic trap 21.
• said device separation 19 comprises means 24 for settling said cryogenic liquid JL, at least a portion of said settling means 24 forming the said trapping portion 22.
• the cooling method therefore advantageously comprises a step of settling said cryogenic liquid L, said settling step preferably being carried out by means of said settling means 24, which for example comprises a settling vessel.
• said settling and trapping steps are at least partly concomitant.
• said magnetic trap 21 and said induction pump 20 are used in combination, said induction pump 20 being downstream of the magnetic trap 21 and making it possible to complete the step of separating said first and second components ⁇ i, ⁇ z.
• the first component ⁇ l in the liquid state (liquid oxygen O2 in the case where the inlet gas G ⁇ is Even) is sucked into the magnetic trap 21 by the induction pump 20 whose magnetic field, thanks to a phase shift, generates a magnetic wave which travels along a discharge pipe forming an outlet of said first component i in the liquid state, thus attracting the first component i in the liquid state liquid (formed for example of liquid oxygen O2) out of the settling means 24 while putting it under pressure.
• the speed of displacement of the first component Ci in the liquid state is preferably proportional to the frequency of the current supplying the induction pump 20 and to the Lorentz forces.
• the magnetic trap 21, and more precisely said trapping portion 22 advantageously comprises a magnetic network formed of small magnets 26 which constitute small three-dimensional cells, and which allow said magnetic field 100 to be emitted.
• the set of said magnets 17 can form a cube, a cylinder, or a cone, and the cells are smaller and smaller as the bottom is approached. Such a configuration is similar to a magnetic filter with increasingly fine mesh.
• the indices P + and P- advantageously represent partial pressure gradients due to the concentration respectively of the oxygen O2 (or more generally of the first component i) liquid and of the nitrogen N2 (or more generally of the said second component C2) liquid within the magnetic trap 21, while the horizontal arrows resulting from the signs O2 and N2 represent the respective hydraulic speeds of liquid oxygen O2 and liquid nitrogen N2, respectively, the waveform on the far left representing the distribution of the speeds of the first and second components 1, C 2 mixed in the liquid state just before their magnetic separation.
• said liquid oxygen O2 (or more generally said first component Ci) approaches a first wall 27 of the magnetic trap 21 behind which is located said magnets 26, while the dinitrogen N2 (or more generally the second component C2) approaches a second wall 28 of the magnetic trap 21 opposite to the first wall 27 and devoid of magnet, the magnetic field 100 exerting a magnetic force Fm on the paramagnetic molecules of the oxygen O2 (or more generally on the most paramagnetic of said first and second components Ci, 2, preferably said first component Ci) only, and not on the N2 dinitrogen molecules.
• the separation step and / or the separation device 19 of the invention uses (s) the paramagnetic capacity of liquid oxygen O2 (and more generally of said first component Ci to I). liquid state), which is thus retained between the magnet poles and / or is attracted by a magnetic field 11, to separate it from the nitrogen N2 and the argon Ar (and more generally from said second component C2 in the state liquid).
• the liquid argon Ar and the liquid nitrogen N2 being mainly non-magnetic, they are advantageously not retained by the magnetic field 100.
• Said induction pump 20 comprises, according to an advantageous example illustrated in FIG. 7, a winding 70 of three-phase wire for collecting said first component Ci within the settling means 6, and downstream of this winding 70 one or more coils. in three-phase 71, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
• a winding 70 of three-phase wire for collecting said first component Ci within the settling means 6, and downstream of this winding 70 one or more coils. in three-phase 71, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
• Such a configuration preferably makes it possible both to improve the final separation of said first and second components ⁇ i, ⁇ 2, and to put under pressure, that is to say at a flow rate significant, said first liquid C ⁇ component finally separated from said second liquid Cz component.
• This specific configuration with a separation device 19 operating by virtue of magnetism is particularly advantageous, since the operating temperatures of the magnetic separation device 19, and in particular of said magnetic trap 21 and of said induction pump 20, are very low (cryotemperatures).
• the conductive parts of the separation device 19, in particular in the case of magnets and more particularly of an electromagnet are at the limits of the natural superconductivity of copper or aluminum, and electric currents of any magnitude can therefore be used and generate large magnetic forces with little heating and therefore little electrical and thermal losses.
• the engine assembly 60 is designed so that the cooling system 1 can inject, within said combustion chamber 25, the first component Ci in the state coming from the separation device 19, said first component Ci in the liquid state advantageously forming said liquefied dioxygen O2
• said first injected component Ci is therefore intended to serve as an oxidizer within the internal combustion engine 50.
• said separation device 19 is therefore designed to inject said second component C2 in the liquid state into said evaporator 6 and not to inject said first component Ci in the liquid state into said evaporator 6.
• 'motor assembly 60 is designed so that the second component C2 is formed (mainly) by said liquid nitrogen N2 and is introduced into the evaporator 6, while the first component i is formed by said liquid oxygen O2 and injected directly in said internal combustion engine 50, to carry out oxycombustion, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
• an engine assembly 60 comprising:
• an internal combustion engine 50 downstream of said cooling system 1 and comprising a combustion chamber 25, the cooling system 1 being connected to said engine 26 so as to be able to inject into said combustion chamber 25 said first component Ci.
• the latter is obviously preferably formed by oxygen O2.
• said engine 50 comprises an exhaust outlet 42 designed to evacuate at least one exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state out of said combustion chamber 25. More advantageously still, downstream of said exhaust outlet 42, said evaporator 6 is designed to cool said exhaust component Ce coming from said exhaust outlet 42 and heat said second component C2 coming from said separation device 19. Said exhaust outlet 42 thus advantageously forms part of said exhaust. combustion heat recovery device 51.
• the fuel of the internal combustion engine 50 may in particular be a hydrocarbon, for example methane Cm, or dihydrogen H2.
• the fuel is a hydrocarbon and in particular methane CH4.
• the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state which contains the products of the combustion of the engine 26, will be mainly formed of water and carbon dioxide CO2.
• the fuel is hydrogen H2
• the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state will be formed mainly or even almost only water.
• the engine assembly 60 comprises a combustion heat recovery device 51, preferably that described above, for recovering the heat of combustion of the exhaust component Ce from said combustion chamber 25.
• the motor assembly 60 is designed so that the evaporator 6 for cooling said exhaust component Ce at least until liquefaction of a primary portion of the latter, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
• the motor assembly 60 is designed to use said primary liquefied portion to liquefy a secondary portion of said exhaust component Ce, said primary and secondary portions being separate.
• Said primary portion is advantageously mainly formed of carbon dioxide CO2
• said secondary portion is mainly formed of water, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
• said combustion heat recovery device 51 comprises a device reinjection valve (not shown) designed to sweep said combustion chamber 25 with said primary portion and / or said secondary portion (in liquid or alternatively gaseous state) in order to expel said exhaust component C e out of said chamber.
• said reinjection device is designed to inject the primary liquid portion formed of carbon dioxide, within said combustion chamber 25, to optimize the scanning of the latter, that is, that is to say expel all of the gases burnt by combustion and which form the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state.
• the invention also relates as such, according to a fourth aspect, to a method of adapting an internal combustion engine 50 comprising at least one intake manifold and a combustion chamber 25, said adaptation method comprising at least one less :
• cooling system 1 as described above is connected to said internal combustion engine 50, at said closed or removed intake manifold and therefore upstream of said combustion chamber 25, so to be able to inject into the latter liquefied oxygen oxygen produced by said cooling system 1.
• said internal combustion engine 50 and the cooling system 1 form an engine assembly 60 as described above
• said liquefied oxygen oxygen can be formed by said first component Ci originating from the separation device 19, as illustrated in FIG. 3, or else by the oxygen oxygen O2 formed by the water electrolysis module 16 and liquefied by said heat exchange module 17, or a combination of the two.
• said following and preceding description concerning the cooling system 1, the engine assembly 60 and the cooling method therefore also applies to the adaptation method of the invention, and vice versa.
• the invention also relates as such, according to a fifth aspect, to an oxycombustion process comprising the cooling process as described above, the oxycombustion process further comprising a step of injecting liquefied dioxygen O2 during of the cooling process within a combustion chamber 25 of an internal combustion engine 50.
• the following and preceding description concerning the cooling system 1, the engine assembly 60, the cooling process and even the adaptation method therefore also applies to the oxycombustion method of the invention, and vice versa.
• said input gas Ge being formed by air
• said first component i being mainly formed by oxygen O2
• said first component i is injected into said combustion chamber 25.
• the internal combustion engine 50 has a rotary piston 44 (in the shape of a Reuleaux triangle).
• the internal combustion engine 50 with rotary piston 44 of the variant illustrated in FIG. 10 comprises two spark plugs 39 in opposition, two common injections of fuel and oxidizer 40, 41 also in opposition, and two exhaust outlets 42 also in opposition and designed to evacuate the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state, as previously described.
• Said oxidizer is preferably formed by liquid oxygen O2, formed for example by said first component Ci. Oxycombustion here makes it possible to overcome the recurring low compression problems of conventional rotary piston engines, in particular by adapting the speed of rotation of the rotary piston 44.
• the cooling system 1 is also suitable for the production of small quantities of said first liquefied component i, or, after returning to the gaseous state of the latter, for the production of small quantities of said first component Ci in the gaseous but compressed state. (i.e. under relatively high pressure).
• the invention also relates as such, according to a fifth aspect not illustrated here, a high power air conditioning system comprising the cooling system described above, the cooling energy of the high power air conditioning system being supplied via said evaporator 6.
• the signs (g) and (liq) are indicated in the figures to indicate respectively the gaseous and liquid states of different components.
• the arrows positioned on either side of the continuous lines preferably indicate the direction of a flow, for example a flow of He ( g ), that is to say a flow of helium He to I. gaseous state.
• first, second, third, fourth, fifth, primary, secondary, tertiary type of the preceding description are preferably used for distinctive purposes only, and not to designate a rank or an ordinal numbering.
• a second element can for example be introduced without necessarily that a first element of the same nature is also introduced or even present implicitly.
• the invention relates to the problems of liquefied gas production, pollution control and energy efficiency of combustion engines, and more generally energy saving, with the possible application of the production of a liquid. cryogenic with optimized energy consumption.

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