CA3180531A1 - Cooling system, air-conditioning system, motor assembly and associated methods - Google Patents
Cooling system, air-conditioning system, motor assembly and associated methodsInfo
- Publication number
- CA3180531A1 CA3180531A1 CA3180531A CA3180531A CA3180531A1 CA 3180531 A1 CA3180531 A1 CA 3180531A1 CA 3180531 A CA3180531 A CA 3180531A CA 3180531 A CA3180531 A CA 3180531A CA 3180531 A1 CA3180531 A1 CA 3180531A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cooling system
- cooling
- coming
- component
- primary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010584 magnetic trap Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/0007—Helium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0017—Oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
- F25J3/04533—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
- F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
- F25J3/04581—Hot gas expansion of indirect heated nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04975—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the air fractionation unit, e.g. transportable devices by truck or small scale use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/86—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using electrical phenomena, e.g. Corona discharge, electrolysis or magnetic field
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/02—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams using a pump in general or hydrostatic pressure increase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cooling system (1) comprising at least: - a Stirling heat pump (2) designed to cool an inlet gas (Ge) down to a cryogenic temperature so as to form a cryogenic liquid (L), - a primary electric motor (3), intended to put said Stirling heat pump (2) into operation, - a primary pump (4) intended to cause said cryogenic liquid (L) to circulate under pressure, and - a cooling means (5) intended to cool said primary electric motor (3) with the aid of the cryogenic liquid (L) output by said primary pump (4). - The invention is particularly suitable for the production of a cryogenic liquid and the applications thereof.
Description
COOLING SYSTEM, AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM, MOTOR ASSEMBLY AND
ASSOCIATED METHODS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the general field of cooling an initially gaseous component down to liquefaction, more precisely to a very low temperature, and in particular a cryogenic temperature.
The invention therefore relates to a cooling system.
The invention further relates to an air-conditioning system, a motor assembly, and associated adaptation method, cooling method and oxycombustion method.
PRIOR ART
Traditionally, the regulated use, transportation and storage of a gaseous component requires carrying out a concentration of this gaseous component, for example by means of a compressor. The concentration operation may also be carried out by liquefaction of the initially gaseous component.
To carry out the liquefaction of a gaseous component, it is hence known to implement cooling systems and compression systems.
These systems dedicated to the liquefaction of a gas, although generally satisfactory in their use, have nevertheless some disadvantages.
Therefore, the known cooling systems dedicated to gas liquefaction suffer from a high energy cost, a poor efficiency at best, a complex implementation and a significant dimensioning with regard to the relatively small quantity of liquefied gas produced per time unit.
The known compression systems, in particular those dedicated to gas liquefaction , also suffer from a high energy cost, especially as they further suffer from significant losses of calories due to the gas compression and the frictions inherent to the movement of their Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
ASSOCIATED METHODS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the general field of cooling an initially gaseous component down to liquefaction, more precisely to a very low temperature, and in particular a cryogenic temperature.
The invention therefore relates to a cooling system.
The invention further relates to an air-conditioning system, a motor assembly, and associated adaptation method, cooling method and oxycombustion method.
PRIOR ART
Traditionally, the regulated use, transportation and storage of a gaseous component requires carrying out a concentration of this gaseous component, for example by means of a compressor. The concentration operation may also be carried out by liquefaction of the initially gaseous component.
To carry out the liquefaction of a gaseous component, it is hence known to implement cooling systems and compression systems.
These systems dedicated to the liquefaction of a gas, although generally satisfactory in their use, have nevertheless some disadvantages.
Therefore, the known cooling systems dedicated to gas liquefaction suffer from a high energy cost, a poor efficiency at best, a complex implementation and a significant dimensioning with regard to the relatively small quantity of liquefied gas produced per time unit.
The known compression systems, in particular those dedicated to gas liquefaction , also suffer from a high energy cost, especially as they further suffer from significant losses of calories due to the gas compression and the frictions inherent to the movement of their Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
2 compression member, for example a piston in the case of a reciprocating compressor.
Such a configuration limits in practice the compression rate of each stage, in particular when it is necessary to reach high pressures. Compressors may therefore need to be cooled at each of their stages, which consumes even more energy. Finally, the known compression systems suffer from significant safety risks associated with the storage of compressed gas, and are generally not adapted, alone, to the liquefaction of certain gases, in particular the liquefaction of the gaseous components of air.
Therefore, even if gas liquefaction systems are known and implementable as such, the above-mentioned drawbacks show that they are not adapted to a simple, efficient and completely safe implementation of a gas concentration and a fortiori a gas liquefaction.
Eventually, the known gas liquefaction systems, in particular of the cooling or compression liquefaction type, are particularly expensive, energy-consuming and bulky, and present a high risk in terms of safety of goods and people. They are difficult to use outside an industrial installation that is not very modulable and relatively inefficient.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The objects assigned to the present invention therefore aim to remedy the different drawbacks listed hereinabove, and to propose a new cooling system that, while being particularly efficient, is particularly simple to implement, inexpensive and compact.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system whose operation is particularly easy to adapt to different uses.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system of robust design, which is easy to implement and of excellent energy efficiency.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that is both reliable and economically competitive.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system of reduced maintenance cost.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Such a configuration limits in practice the compression rate of each stage, in particular when it is necessary to reach high pressures. Compressors may therefore need to be cooled at each of their stages, which consumes even more energy. Finally, the known compression systems suffer from significant safety risks associated with the storage of compressed gas, and are generally not adapted, alone, to the liquefaction of certain gases, in particular the liquefaction of the gaseous components of air.
Therefore, even if gas liquefaction systems are known and implementable as such, the above-mentioned drawbacks show that they are not adapted to a simple, efficient and completely safe implementation of a gas concentration and a fortiori a gas liquefaction.
Eventually, the known gas liquefaction systems, in particular of the cooling or compression liquefaction type, are particularly expensive, energy-consuming and bulky, and present a high risk in terms of safety of goods and people. They are difficult to use outside an industrial installation that is not very modulable and relatively inefficient.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The objects assigned to the present invention therefore aim to remedy the different drawbacks listed hereinabove, and to propose a new cooling system that, while being particularly efficient, is particularly simple to implement, inexpensive and compact.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system whose operation is particularly easy to adapt to different uses.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system of robust design, which is easy to implement and of excellent energy efficiency.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that is both reliable and economically competitive.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system of reduced maintenance cost.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
3 Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that is particularly wear-resistant and of substantially constant efficiency over time, even if subjected to prolonged and/or successive uses.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system having an optimized throughput, thus allowing for the most accurate sizing according to its use.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that is particularly efficient, compact and easily adaptable to a use at different scales.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that is particularly useful in the field of motor vehicles, especially with regard to fuel efficiency and pollution control.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that operates in optimum safety conditions.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that has little or no environmental impact and an excellent carbon footprint.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new air-conditioning system having in particular a great energy efficiency as well as an excellent air-conditioning capacity.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new motor assembly that is particularly environment-friendly, easy to implement and highly energy efficient.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new easy-to-implement method for adapting an internal combustion engine making it possible to improve the overall performance of the engine, particularly as regards energy efficiency and emission control.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling method that is particularly energy-efficient, easy to implement and to adapt to a wide range of applications.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system having an optimized throughput, thus allowing for the most accurate sizing according to its use.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that is particularly efficient, compact and easily adaptable to a use at different scales.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that is particularly useful in the field of motor vehicles, especially with regard to fuel efficiency and pollution control.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that operates in optimum safety conditions.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling system that has little or no environmental impact and an excellent carbon footprint.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new air-conditioning system having in particular a great energy efficiency as well as an excellent air-conditioning capacity.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new motor assembly that is particularly environment-friendly, easy to implement and highly energy efficient.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new easy-to-implement method for adapting an internal combustion engine making it possible to improve the overall performance of the engine, particularly as regards energy efficiency and emission control.
Another object of the invention aims to propose a new cooling method that is particularly energy-efficient, easy to implement and to adapt to a wide range of applications.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
4 Another object of the invention aims to propose a new oxycombustion method that is particularly efficient, controlled, very low-polluting, and of excellent overall energy efficiency.
The objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a cooling system comprising at least:
- a Stirling heat pump designed to cool an inlet gas down to a cryogenic temperature in order to form a cryogenic liquid, - a primary electric motor, intended to operate said Stirling heat pump, - a primary pump intended to circulate said cryogenic liquid under pressure, and - a cooling means, intended to cool said primary electric motor by means of the cryogenic liquid coming from said primary pump.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a high-power air-conditioning system, characterized in that it comprises the cooling system described hereinabove and hereinafter, the cooling energy of the high-power air-conditioning system being provided via the evaporator.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a motor assembly characterized in that it comprises at least:
- the cooling system as described hereinabove and hereinafter, said cooling system being designed to produce liquefied dioxygen, and - an internal combustion engine, downstream from said cooling system and comprising a combustion chamber, the cooling system being connected to said internal combustion engine in order to be able to inject said liquefied dioxygen into said combustion chamber.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a method for adapting an internal combustion engine comprising at least an intake manifold and a combustion chamber, said adaptation method being characterized in that it comprises at least:
- a step of closing or removing said intake manifold of the engine, Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 - an installation step, in which the cooling system as described hereinabove and hereinafter is connected to said internal combustion engine, at said closed or removed intake manifold, and thus upstream from said combustion chamber, in order to be able to inject into the latter liquefied dioxygen produced by said cooling system.
The objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a cooling system comprising at least:
- a Stirling heat pump designed to cool an inlet gas down to a cryogenic temperature in order to form a cryogenic liquid, - a primary electric motor, intended to operate said Stirling heat pump, - a primary pump intended to circulate said cryogenic liquid under pressure, and - a cooling means, intended to cool said primary electric motor by means of the cryogenic liquid coming from said primary pump.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a high-power air-conditioning system, characterized in that it comprises the cooling system described hereinabove and hereinafter, the cooling energy of the high-power air-conditioning system being provided via the evaporator.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a motor assembly characterized in that it comprises at least:
- the cooling system as described hereinabove and hereinafter, said cooling system being designed to produce liquefied dioxygen, and - an internal combustion engine, downstream from said cooling system and comprising a combustion chamber, the cooling system being connected to said internal combustion engine in order to be able to inject said liquefied dioxygen into said combustion chamber.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a method for adapting an internal combustion engine comprising at least an intake manifold and a combustion chamber, said adaptation method being characterized in that it comprises at least:
- a step of closing or removing said intake manifold of the engine, Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 - an installation step, in which the cooling system as described hereinabove and hereinafter is connected to said internal combustion engine, at said closed or removed intake manifold, and thus upstream from said combustion chamber, in order to be able to inject into the latter liquefied dioxygen produced by said cooling system.
5 The objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a cooling method comprising at least:
- a step of cooling an inlet gas by means of at least one Stirling heat pump, in order to form a cryogenic liquid, said Stirling heat pump being powered by a primary electric motor, - a pumping step to circulate said cryogenic liquid under pressure, and - a cooling step, during which said primary electric motor is cooled by means of the cryogenic liquid coming from said pumping step.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of an oxycombustion method comprising the cooling method as described hereinabove, the oxycombustion method further comprising a step of injecting dioxygen liquefied during the cooling method into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in more detail upon reading of the following description, with reference to the appended drawings, given by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting examples, in which:
- Figure 1 is a simplified schematic illustration of the general principle of the cooling system of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a particular embodiment of the cooling system of the invention, with helium cooling.
- Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of another particular embodiment of the cooling system of the invention, with a separation device, the whole being integrated in an example of motor assembly of the invention.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
- a step of cooling an inlet gas by means of at least one Stirling heat pump, in order to form a cryogenic liquid, said Stirling heat pump being powered by a primary electric motor, - a pumping step to circulate said cryogenic liquid under pressure, and - a cooling step, during which said primary electric motor is cooled by means of the cryogenic liquid coming from said pumping step.
The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of an oxycombustion method comprising the cooling method as described hereinabove, the oxycombustion method further comprising a step of injecting dioxygen liquefied during the cooling method into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in more detail upon reading of the following description, with reference to the appended drawings, given by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting examples, in which:
- Figure 1 is a simplified schematic illustration of the general principle of the cooling system of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a particular embodiment of the cooling system of the invention, with helium cooling.
- Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of another particular embodiment of the cooling system of the invention, with a separation device, the whole being integrated in an example of motor assembly of the invention.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
6 - Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of still another particular embodiment of the cooling system of the invention, with water electrolysis and methanation, the whole being integrated in another example of motor assembly of the invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the separation device of Figure 3.
- Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of an enlarged detail of Figure 5.
- Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a part of the separation device of Figure 3.
- Figure 8 is cross-sectional view along plane B of the separation device of Figure
- Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the separation device of Figure 3.
- Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of an enlarged detail of Figure 5.
- Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a part of the separation device of Figure 3.
- Figure 8 is cross-sectional view along plane B of the separation device of Figure
7.
- Figure 9 is a detailed schematic illustration of an example of the operating principle of a magnetic separation device according to the invention.
- Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of the engine of Figure 3.
WAYS TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION
As illustrated in the figures, the invention relates, according to a first aspect illustrated in the figures, to a cooling system 1 comprising at least:
- a Stirling heat pump 2 designed to cool an inlet gas Ge down to a cryogenic temperature in order to form a cryogenic liquid L, - a primary electric motor 3, intended to operate said Stirling heat pump 2.
Therefore, the cooling system 1 of the invention is advantageously designed to cool said inlet gas Ge until the latter liquefies and, more precisely, in such a way that it reaches a cryogenic temperature (also called cryotemperature) to form said cryogenic liquid L. Of course, said inlet gas Ge is preferably formed of at least one component able to reach in liquid form a cryogenic, i.e. rather low, temperature. Said cryogenic liquid L, and references to cryogenics in general, preferably relate to temperatures lower than -50 C, more preferentially -100 C, even more preferentially -150 C or also -153,15 C
(i.e.
120 K). In other words, said cryogenic temperature is advantageously lower than -50 C, Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 more preferentially -100 C, even more preferentially -150 C or even more preferentially -153,15 C (i.e. 120 K). For example, the cryogenic temperature, to which the cryogenic liquid L is thus advantageously brought thanks to said Stirling heat pump 2, is between -150 C and -270 C, more preferentially between -170 and -250 C, and more preferentially between -196 and -210 C.
Said Stirling heat pump 2 is preferentially a refrigerating machine, and thus advantageously designed to generate cold (sometimes called "Stirling cold") according to the Stirling cycle but in the reverse direction of operation of a Stirling engine, since the Stirling cycle is reversible. Preferentially, said Stirling heat pump 2 thus requires, in order to generate cold, a mechanical drive provided by said primary electric motor 3. Said Stirling heat pump 2 is thus advantageously designed in such a way as, alone or in combination with possible other cooling devices, to cool said inlet gas Ge, at least until liquefaction thereof, and preferably before the solidification thereof, and more precisely down to said cryogenic temperature.
The invention also relates as such, according to a second aspect illustrated in the figures, to a cooling method comprising at least one step of cooling an inlet gas Ge by means of at least one Stirling heat pump 2, in order to form a cryogenic liquid L, said Stirling heat pump 2 being powered by a primary electric motor 3. The cooling method is of course preferentially implemented by means of the cooling system 1 mentioned hereinabove and described in more detail hereinafter. Therefore, preferentially, the following and preceding description of the cooling system 1 thus also applies to the cooling method of the invention, and vice versa.
According to the invention, the cooling system 1 further comprises at least:
- a primary pump 4 intended to circulate said cryogenic liquid L under pressure, and - a cooling means 5, intended to cool said primary electric motor 3 by means of the cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary pump 4.
According to the invention, the cooling method further comprises:
- a pumping step to circulate said cryogenic liquid L under pressure, and Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
- Figure 9 is a detailed schematic illustration of an example of the operating principle of a magnetic separation device according to the invention.
- Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of the engine of Figure 3.
WAYS TO IMPLEMENT THE INVENTION
As illustrated in the figures, the invention relates, according to a first aspect illustrated in the figures, to a cooling system 1 comprising at least:
- a Stirling heat pump 2 designed to cool an inlet gas Ge down to a cryogenic temperature in order to form a cryogenic liquid L, - a primary electric motor 3, intended to operate said Stirling heat pump 2.
Therefore, the cooling system 1 of the invention is advantageously designed to cool said inlet gas Ge until the latter liquefies and, more precisely, in such a way that it reaches a cryogenic temperature (also called cryotemperature) to form said cryogenic liquid L. Of course, said inlet gas Ge is preferably formed of at least one component able to reach in liquid form a cryogenic, i.e. rather low, temperature. Said cryogenic liquid L, and references to cryogenics in general, preferably relate to temperatures lower than -50 C, more preferentially -100 C, even more preferentially -150 C or also -153,15 C
(i.e.
120 K). In other words, said cryogenic temperature is advantageously lower than -50 C, Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 more preferentially -100 C, even more preferentially -150 C or even more preferentially -153,15 C (i.e. 120 K). For example, the cryogenic temperature, to which the cryogenic liquid L is thus advantageously brought thanks to said Stirling heat pump 2, is between -150 C and -270 C, more preferentially between -170 and -250 C, and more preferentially between -196 and -210 C.
Said Stirling heat pump 2 is preferentially a refrigerating machine, and thus advantageously designed to generate cold (sometimes called "Stirling cold") according to the Stirling cycle but in the reverse direction of operation of a Stirling engine, since the Stirling cycle is reversible. Preferentially, said Stirling heat pump 2 thus requires, in order to generate cold, a mechanical drive provided by said primary electric motor 3. Said Stirling heat pump 2 is thus advantageously designed in such a way as, alone or in combination with possible other cooling devices, to cool said inlet gas Ge, at least until liquefaction thereof, and preferably before the solidification thereof, and more precisely down to said cryogenic temperature.
The invention also relates as such, according to a second aspect illustrated in the figures, to a cooling method comprising at least one step of cooling an inlet gas Ge by means of at least one Stirling heat pump 2, in order to form a cryogenic liquid L, said Stirling heat pump 2 being powered by a primary electric motor 3. The cooling method is of course preferentially implemented by means of the cooling system 1 mentioned hereinabove and described in more detail hereinafter. Therefore, preferentially, the following and preceding description of the cooling system 1 thus also applies to the cooling method of the invention, and vice versa.
According to the invention, the cooling system 1 further comprises at least:
- a primary pump 4 intended to circulate said cryogenic liquid L under pressure, and - a cooling means 5, intended to cool said primary electric motor 3 by means of the cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary pump 4.
According to the invention, the cooling method further comprises:
- a pumping step to circulate said cryogenic liquid L under pressure, and Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
8 - a cooling step, during which said primary electric motor 3 is cooled by means of the cryogenic liquid L coming from said pumping step.
Naturally, said pumping step is preferably implemented by means of said primary pump 4. Of course, said cooling step is preferentially implemented by means of said cooling means 5, which may for example comprise a heat exchanger (not illustrated) enveloping the primary electric motor 3. Said cooling means 5 further advantageously comprises a recirculation means, for example a pipe, designed to collect the cryogenic liquid L at an outlet of the Stirling heat pump 2 and to inject it into said heat exchanger.
Said primary pump 4 is preferably a high-pressure pump, capable of pressurizing said cryogenic liquid L at a pressure higher than 40 bars, preferably higher than 70 bars, more advantageously higher than 100 bars, and for example between 100 and 3000 bars. Said pumping step is thus advantageously a high-pressure pumping step, to bring the cryogenic liquid L to one of the over-mentioned pressure ranges. Optionally, the cooling means 5 is designed to also cool said Stirling heat pump 2 itself by means of said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary pump 4, accelerating that way the condensation of the cryogenic liquid L within said Stirling heat pump 2 and allowing the latter to minimize the losses (for example, by heating).
One of the advantages of the cooling configuration established by the invention is that the cryogenic liquids often have a very low viscosity, that of liquefied air (forming for example said cryogenic liquid L) being for example about 20 times lower than the viscosity of water in the liquid state. Therefore, it is possible, thanks to the cooling system 1 and to the cooling method of the invention, to easily pressurize said cryogenic liquid L with said primary pump 4, and that at a controlled energy cost because not only of the low viscosity of the cryogenic liquids implemented, but also of the operating temperatures of the primary pump 4, which are advantageously very low and allow the implementation of said primary pump 4 under conditions at the limits of superconductivity, thanks to the cooling of said primary pump 4 itself by said cryogenic liquid L.
Another advantage of the cooling configuration established by the invention is that the pressurization (preferably at a high pressure) of the cryogenic liquid L, which can thus be carried out almost without loss (of electrical energy in particular) by said primary pump 4, makes is possible to maximize the efficiency of use of said cryogenic liquid L
in a wide Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Naturally, said pumping step is preferably implemented by means of said primary pump 4. Of course, said cooling step is preferentially implemented by means of said cooling means 5, which may for example comprise a heat exchanger (not illustrated) enveloping the primary electric motor 3. Said cooling means 5 further advantageously comprises a recirculation means, for example a pipe, designed to collect the cryogenic liquid L at an outlet of the Stirling heat pump 2 and to inject it into said heat exchanger.
Said primary pump 4 is preferably a high-pressure pump, capable of pressurizing said cryogenic liquid L at a pressure higher than 40 bars, preferably higher than 70 bars, more advantageously higher than 100 bars, and for example between 100 and 3000 bars. Said pumping step is thus advantageously a high-pressure pumping step, to bring the cryogenic liquid L to one of the over-mentioned pressure ranges. Optionally, the cooling means 5 is designed to also cool said Stirling heat pump 2 itself by means of said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary pump 4, accelerating that way the condensation of the cryogenic liquid L within said Stirling heat pump 2 and allowing the latter to minimize the losses (for example, by heating).
One of the advantages of the cooling configuration established by the invention is that the cryogenic liquids often have a very low viscosity, that of liquefied air (forming for example said cryogenic liquid L) being for example about 20 times lower than the viscosity of water in the liquid state. Therefore, it is possible, thanks to the cooling system 1 and to the cooling method of the invention, to easily pressurize said cryogenic liquid L with said primary pump 4, and that at a controlled energy cost because not only of the low viscosity of the cryogenic liquids implemented, but also of the operating temperatures of the primary pump 4, which are advantageously very low and allow the implementation of said primary pump 4 under conditions at the limits of superconductivity, thanks to the cooling of said primary pump 4 itself by said cryogenic liquid L.
Another advantage of the cooling configuration established by the invention is that the pressurization (preferably at a high pressure) of the cryogenic liquid L, which can thus be carried out almost without loss (of electrical energy in particular) by said primary pump 4, makes is possible to maximize the efficiency of use of said cryogenic liquid L
in a wide Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
9 variety of applications. One of the advantages of this pressurization of the cryogenic liquid L is that it allows the latter to cool rapidly enough said primary electric motor 3.
Said primary pump 4 comprises for example a pumping means that can be in particular of the centrifugal, volumetric or vacuum type. In a particularly advantageous manner, the primary pump 4 comprises a secondary electric motor (not illustrated), and the cooling system 1 is designed to cool said secondary electric motor by means of the cryogenic liquid L coming from said Stirling heat pump 2. Thus, preferentially during the cooling step, the cryogenic liquid L coming from said Stirling heat pump 2 cools said secondary electric motor.
According to this configuration, within the cooling system 1, the cryogenic liquid L
advantageously allows operating the primary electric motor 3, and preferentially also the secondary electric motor, at cryogenic temperatures. Said electric motor(s) thus advantageously operating in conditions close to superconductivity because of their low operating temperature, this configuration reduces significantly the losses in the magnetic circuit (called "iron" losses) and the losses by Joule effect (called "copper"
losses, due to the electrical resistance) of the electric motor(s) 3. Thus, from the energy point of view, the cooling system 1 operates almost without losses other than friction losses, which are otherwise very low within the primary pump 4 and even within the Stirling heat pump 2 when said cryogenic liquid L has a low viscosity. The cooling system 1 and the cooling method can thus be implemented with a minimum of electrical energy, without substantial loss of the latter.
Said primary electric motor 3 and secondary electric motor are preferentially distinct from each other, to allow a better control of the cooling system and the cooling method, but, as an alternative, they may be formed by a same, single electric motor, which performs the two functions of putting said Stirling heat pump 2 into operation and putting said primary pump 4, or more exactly its pumping means, into operation.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the cooling system 1 also comprises a device for generating electrical energy from a renewable energy source (not illustrated), said primary electric motor 3 and/or said primary pump 4 being designed to be powered (thus with electrical energy) by said energy generating device.
Said energy Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 generating device is for example of the intermittent production type, and can in particular comprise one or several wind turbines, or also one or several solar panels (photovoltaic in particular). Thus, according to this particular embodiment, the cooling method comprises a step of generating electrical energy from a renewable energy source, for 5 example intermittent, such as a wind or solar energy source, to power (thus with electrical energy) said primary electric motor 3 and/or to allow said pumping step.
Naturally, said energy generation step is preferably carried out by means of said energy generating device. Such a configuration is particularly advantageous because it represents an optimized carbon footprint, a low overall heating, and therefore an optimized
Said primary pump 4 comprises for example a pumping means that can be in particular of the centrifugal, volumetric or vacuum type. In a particularly advantageous manner, the primary pump 4 comprises a secondary electric motor (not illustrated), and the cooling system 1 is designed to cool said secondary electric motor by means of the cryogenic liquid L coming from said Stirling heat pump 2. Thus, preferentially during the cooling step, the cryogenic liquid L coming from said Stirling heat pump 2 cools said secondary electric motor.
According to this configuration, within the cooling system 1, the cryogenic liquid L
advantageously allows operating the primary electric motor 3, and preferentially also the secondary electric motor, at cryogenic temperatures. Said electric motor(s) thus advantageously operating in conditions close to superconductivity because of their low operating temperature, this configuration reduces significantly the losses in the magnetic circuit (called "iron" losses) and the losses by Joule effect (called "copper"
losses, due to the electrical resistance) of the electric motor(s) 3. Thus, from the energy point of view, the cooling system 1 operates almost without losses other than friction losses, which are otherwise very low within the primary pump 4 and even within the Stirling heat pump 2 when said cryogenic liquid L has a low viscosity. The cooling system 1 and the cooling method can thus be implemented with a minimum of electrical energy, without substantial loss of the latter.
Said primary electric motor 3 and secondary electric motor are preferentially distinct from each other, to allow a better control of the cooling system and the cooling method, but, as an alternative, they may be formed by a same, single electric motor, which performs the two functions of putting said Stirling heat pump 2 into operation and putting said primary pump 4, or more exactly its pumping means, into operation.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the cooling system 1 also comprises a device for generating electrical energy from a renewable energy source (not illustrated), said primary electric motor 3 and/or said primary pump 4 being designed to be powered (thus with electrical energy) by said energy generating device.
Said energy Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 generating device is for example of the intermittent production type, and can in particular comprise one or several wind turbines, or also one or several solar panels (photovoltaic in particular). Thus, according to this particular embodiment, the cooling method comprises a step of generating electrical energy from a renewable energy source, for 5 example intermittent, such as a wind or solar energy source, to power (thus with electrical energy) said primary electric motor 3 and/or to allow said pumping step.
Naturally, said energy generation step is preferably carried out by means of said energy generating device. Such a configuration is particularly advantageous because it represents an optimized carbon footprint, a low overall heating, and therefore an optimized
10 environmental impact, i.e. a reduced or even almost zero or zero impact.
In a particularly advantageous manner, the cooling system 1 further comprises an evaporator 6 intended to evaporate at least part of said pressurized cryogenic liquid L
coming from said primary electric motor 3, in order to form an outlet gas Gs and to collect cooling energy. Said evaporator 6 may be formed of one unit or a plurality of units, each .. unit advantageously forming a specific heat exchanger. Said evaporator 6 can be considered as being an overall heat exchanger, one of the main functions of which is to heat said cryogenic liquid L to evaporate it as said outlet gas G. Said evaporator 6 may also be designed to transfer cooling energy from said outlet gas Gs (that remains relatively cold in the evaporator 6, for example about -10 to -120 C) to another component, or in .. other words, to transfer heat from this other component to said outlet gas G.
According to some particular embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, said evaporator 6 comprises at least one primary heat exchanger 7 intended to collect, on the one hand, said inlet gas Ge to COOI it before it enters said Stirling heat pump 2, and on the other hand, at least part of said cryogenic liquid L, coming from said primary .. electric motor 3, to heat it. Advantageously, said evaporator 6 further comprises at least one secondary heat exchanger 8 intended to heat said outlet gas Gs or at least part of said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary heat exchanger 7 by means of a heat source Q.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the cooling system 1 comprises a .. module 9 for supplying said heat source Q. In a particularly advantageous manner, said supply module 9 is formed by a solar energy production device 10, a system 51 for Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
In a particularly advantageous manner, the cooling system 1 further comprises an evaporator 6 intended to evaporate at least part of said pressurized cryogenic liquid L
coming from said primary electric motor 3, in order to form an outlet gas Gs and to collect cooling energy. Said evaporator 6 may be formed of one unit or a plurality of units, each .. unit advantageously forming a specific heat exchanger. Said evaporator 6 can be considered as being an overall heat exchanger, one of the main functions of which is to heat said cryogenic liquid L to evaporate it as said outlet gas G. Said evaporator 6 may also be designed to transfer cooling energy from said outlet gas Gs (that remains relatively cold in the evaporator 6, for example about -10 to -120 C) to another component, or in .. other words, to transfer heat from this other component to said outlet gas G.
According to some particular embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, said evaporator 6 comprises at least one primary heat exchanger 7 intended to collect, on the one hand, said inlet gas Ge to COOI it before it enters said Stirling heat pump 2, and on the other hand, at least part of said cryogenic liquid L, coming from said primary .. electric motor 3, to heat it. Advantageously, said evaporator 6 further comprises at least one secondary heat exchanger 8 intended to heat said outlet gas Gs or at least part of said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary heat exchanger 7 by means of a heat source Q.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the cooling system 1 comprises a .. module 9 for supplying said heat source Q. In a particularly advantageous manner, said supply module 9 is formed by a solar energy production device 10, a system 51 for Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
11 recovering combustion heat, for example from an internal combustion engine 50, or a system for recovering waste heat from the cooling system 1 or from another system.
According to an embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the cooling system 1 comprises a helium liquefaction device 30, which comprises at least:
- a heat exchanger 31 intended to collect, on the one hand, gaseous helium He to cool it to a cryotemperature, for example 120 K or less (or any other already mentioned cryogenic temperature), and on the other hand, the pressurized cryogenic liquid L coming from the primary electric motor 3 to heat it, - an isenthalpic expansion module 32, intended to carry out the isenthalpic expansion of the cooled gaseous helium He coming from the heat exchanger 31, in order to liquefy said gaseous helium He.
In a particularly advantageous manner, said heat exchanger 31 is thus part of said evaporator 6, and may be formed for example by said primary heat exchanger 7 or said secondary heat exchanger 8, or also be a distinct unit. In other words, said evaporator 6 comprises said heat exchanger 31.
Preferably, said helium liquefaction device 30 further comprises at least one or more among:
- a circuit 33 for cooling a magnetic element 34, such as a medical imaging magnet, using liquefied helium He coming from said isenthalpic expansion module, in such a way that the liquefied helium He be heated enough to be vaporized into gaseous helium He, - a secondary compressor 36, intended to compress the gaseous helium He coming from said cooling circuit 33 and to send it to said heat exchanger 31, and - a secondary turbine 35, positioned upstream from said isenthalpic expansion module 32 and intended to recover mechanical energy from the cooled gaseous helium He coming from the heat exchanger 31, said secondary turbine 35 powering (at least in part) said secondary compressor 36 (with mechanical energy, directly, or with electrical energy, indirectly, for example via an electrical generating unit).
According to the embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, the cooling system comprises a mechanical energy recovery device 12 to recover the mechanical energy Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
According to an embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the cooling system 1 comprises a helium liquefaction device 30, which comprises at least:
- a heat exchanger 31 intended to collect, on the one hand, gaseous helium He to cool it to a cryotemperature, for example 120 K or less (or any other already mentioned cryogenic temperature), and on the other hand, the pressurized cryogenic liquid L coming from the primary electric motor 3 to heat it, - an isenthalpic expansion module 32, intended to carry out the isenthalpic expansion of the cooled gaseous helium He coming from the heat exchanger 31, in order to liquefy said gaseous helium He.
In a particularly advantageous manner, said heat exchanger 31 is thus part of said evaporator 6, and may be formed for example by said primary heat exchanger 7 or said secondary heat exchanger 8, or also be a distinct unit. In other words, said evaporator 6 comprises said heat exchanger 31.
Preferably, said helium liquefaction device 30 further comprises at least one or more among:
- a circuit 33 for cooling a magnetic element 34, such as a medical imaging magnet, using liquefied helium He coming from said isenthalpic expansion module, in such a way that the liquefied helium He be heated enough to be vaporized into gaseous helium He, - a secondary compressor 36, intended to compress the gaseous helium He coming from said cooling circuit 33 and to send it to said heat exchanger 31, and - a secondary turbine 35, positioned upstream from said isenthalpic expansion module 32 and intended to recover mechanical energy from the cooled gaseous helium He coming from the heat exchanger 31, said secondary turbine 35 powering (at least in part) said secondary compressor 36 (with mechanical energy, directly, or with electrical energy, indirectly, for example via an electrical generating unit).
According to the embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, the cooling system comprises a mechanical energy recovery device 12 to recover the mechanical energy Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
12 produced by a displacement of said outlet gas G. Preferably, the cooling method thus comprises, downstream from said cooling step, a step of recovering the mechanical energy produced by a displacement of said outlet gas G. Preferably, said displacement of the outlet gas Gs is caused by the passage of at least part of said cryogenic liquid L to .. the gaseous state as said outlet gas Gs and/or by a heating and/or an expansion of said second outlet gas component G. The displacement of said outlet gas Gs is thus advantageously the source of a mechanical work exploited by said mechanical energy recovery device 12.
Such a configuration makes it possible to obtain a particularly favourable energy balance, .. i.e. with little waste and losses and maximum energy efficiency. For example, said primary pump 4 is at least partly operated by means of said mechanical energy recovery device 12. Therefore, according to the latter example, said pumping step is at least partly carried out by means of the energy recovered during the mechanical energy recovery step.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, said mechanical energy recovery .. device 12 comprises at least one electrical generator 13. Said mechanical energy recovery device 12 further comprises for example a primary turbine 14, connected to said electrical generator 13, said primary turbine 14 being rotated by said outlet gas G. As an alternative, the mechanical energy recovered by said mechanical energy recovery device 12 is reused in a mechanical form. Said mechanical energy recovery device 12, and more .. precisely said electrical generator 13, is thus advantageously designed to produce produced electrical energy Eep from the recovered mechanical energy.
Advantageously, the cooling system 1 comprises, upstream from said Stirling heat pump 2, a primary compressor 15 designed to compress said inlet gas Ge, as illustrated in Figures Ito 4. This compressor 35 advantageously allows facilitating the entry of the inlet .. gas Ge, for example air, into the cooling system 1, in order to produce said cryogenic liquid L. Preferentially, said primary compressor 15 is at least partly operated by means of said mechanical energy recovery device 12, for example by transmission of mechanical and/or electrical energy Emile. Thus, advantageously, the cooling method comprises, upstream from said cooling step, a compression step during which said inlet gas Ge is compressed, said compression step being more preferentially at least partly carried out Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Such a configuration makes it possible to obtain a particularly favourable energy balance, .. i.e. with little waste and losses and maximum energy efficiency. For example, said primary pump 4 is at least partly operated by means of said mechanical energy recovery device 12. Therefore, according to the latter example, said pumping step is at least partly carried out by means of the energy recovered during the mechanical energy recovery step.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, said mechanical energy recovery .. device 12 comprises at least one electrical generator 13. Said mechanical energy recovery device 12 further comprises for example a primary turbine 14, connected to said electrical generator 13, said primary turbine 14 being rotated by said outlet gas G. As an alternative, the mechanical energy recovered by said mechanical energy recovery device 12 is reused in a mechanical form. Said mechanical energy recovery device 12, and more .. precisely said electrical generator 13, is thus advantageously designed to produce produced electrical energy Eep from the recovered mechanical energy.
Advantageously, the cooling system 1 comprises, upstream from said Stirling heat pump 2, a primary compressor 15 designed to compress said inlet gas Ge, as illustrated in Figures Ito 4. This compressor 35 advantageously allows facilitating the entry of the inlet .. gas Ge, for example air, into the cooling system 1, in order to produce said cryogenic liquid L. Preferentially, said primary compressor 15 is at least partly operated by means of said mechanical energy recovery device 12, for example by transmission of mechanical and/or electrical energy Emile. Thus, advantageously, the cooling method comprises, upstream from said cooling step, a compression step during which said inlet gas Ge is compressed, said compression step being more preferentially at least partly carried out Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
13 by means of the energy recovered during said mechanical energy recovery step.
The energy balance and overall efficiency of the cooling system 1 are hence further improved.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, the cooling system further comprises a module 16 for electrolysing water H20 into di hydrogen 1-12 and dioxygen 02, powered at least by said electric generator 13. Therefore, said electric generator 13 provides the produced electrical energy Eep to the electrolyse module 16, advantageously continuously, which allows saving significant quantities of energy because it is no longer necessary to power said electrolyse module 16 completely independently. Such a configuration is particularly advantageous because water electrolyse is very expensive in terms of electrical energy.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, the cooling system 1 advantageously comprises a heat exchanger module 17 designed to:
- cool at least down to liquefaction the dioxygen 02 coming from the electrolyse module 16 in order to form liquefied dioxygen 02, and - heat the outlet gas Gs coming from the mechanical energy recovery device 12.
Still according to the embodiment of Figure 4, the cooling system 1 also comprises a methane reforming unit 18, designed to react carbon dioxide CO2 with dihydrogen H2 coming from said water electrolysis module 16 in order to form methane CH4 and water 1-120. The so-formed methane CH4 can advantageously be injected into an internal combustion engine 50 as a fuel, whereas the liquefied dioxygen 02 can be injected into said internal combustion engine 50 as an oxidizer.
The invention also relates as such, according to a third aspect illustrated by the examples in Figures 3 and 4, to a motor assembly 60 comprising at least:
- the cooling system 1 as described hereinabove and optionally hereinafter, said cooling system 1 being designed to produce liquefied dioxygen 02, and - an internal combustion engine 50, downstream from said cooling system 1 and comprising a combustion chamber 25.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
The energy balance and overall efficiency of the cooling system 1 are hence further improved.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, the cooling system further comprises a module 16 for electrolysing water H20 into di hydrogen 1-12 and dioxygen 02, powered at least by said electric generator 13. Therefore, said electric generator 13 provides the produced electrical energy Eep to the electrolyse module 16, advantageously continuously, which allows saving significant quantities of energy because it is no longer necessary to power said electrolyse module 16 completely independently. Such a configuration is particularly advantageous because water electrolyse is very expensive in terms of electrical energy.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, the cooling system 1 advantageously comprises a heat exchanger module 17 designed to:
- cool at least down to liquefaction the dioxygen 02 coming from the electrolyse module 16 in order to form liquefied dioxygen 02, and - heat the outlet gas Gs coming from the mechanical energy recovery device 12.
Still according to the embodiment of Figure 4, the cooling system 1 also comprises a methane reforming unit 18, designed to react carbon dioxide CO2 with dihydrogen H2 coming from said water electrolysis module 16 in order to form methane CH4 and water 1-120. The so-formed methane CH4 can advantageously be injected into an internal combustion engine 50 as a fuel, whereas the liquefied dioxygen 02 can be injected into said internal combustion engine 50 as an oxidizer.
The invention also relates as such, according to a third aspect illustrated by the examples in Figures 3 and 4, to a motor assembly 60 comprising at least:
- the cooling system 1 as described hereinabove and optionally hereinafter, said cooling system 1 being designed to produce liquefied dioxygen 02, and - an internal combustion engine 50, downstream from said cooling system 1 and comprising a combustion chamber 25.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
14 The motor assembly 60 is of course preferentially implemented by means of the cooling system 1 mentioned hereinabove and described in more detail hereinafter.
Therefore, preferentially, the above (and optionally following) description of the cooling system 1 and the cooling method thus also applies to the motor assembly 60 of the invention, and vice versa.
According to this third aspect of the invention, the cooling system 1 is connected to said internal combustion engine 50 in order to be able to inject said liquefied dioxygen 02 into said combustion chamber 25.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the liquefied dioxygen 02 comes from the water electrolyse module 16.
Advantageously, the cooling system 1 is also designed to be able to also inject said methane CH4 into said combustion chamber 25.
For example, the internal combustion engine 50 is a four-stroke engine, a two-stroke engine, a rotary piston engine (as illustrated), a gas turbine or a Stirling engine. Said internal combustion engine 50 is thus advantageously intended to be supply with an oxidizer and a fuel, wherein either of which may come from the said cooling system 1.
According to a particular embodiment an example of which is illustrated in Figure 3, compatible in particular with the third aspect of the invention and/or with the first and second aspects alone, said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary electric motor 3 is formed of at least a first component Ci and a second component C2, distinct from each other and in the liquid state.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the cooling system 1 further comprises a separation device 19 designed to separate by magnetism said first and second components Ci, C2 in the liquid state, one of said first and second components Ci, C2 in the liquid state having a paramagnetic character far greater than that of the other of said first and second components Ci, C2. Therefore, according to this latter embodiment, the cooling method further comprises a step of separating by magnetism Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 said first and second components Ci, C2 in the liquid state. Of course, said separation step is preferentially implemented by means of said separation device 19.
According to a first example, as that illustrated in Figure 3, said inlet gas Ge is formed by air, said first component Ci being mainly formed by dioxygen 02, whereas said second 5 component C2 is mostly formed by dinitrogen N2. Preferably, said second component C2 thus further comprises argon Ar and/or carbon dioxide CO2, which are both found in air in a proportion far lower than that of dinitrogen N2. According to a second example, said inlet gas Ge is mainly formed by natural gas or biomethane (i.e. from an essentially biological methane production process), said first component Ci being predominantly 10 formed of methane CH4 whereas said second component C2, in particular in the liquid state, is formed of the natural gas or biomethane effluents, said effluents being, in the present case, preferentially formed of the liquid fraction of the natural gas or biomethane released as a result of processing of the inlet gas Ge (cooling down to liquefaction) cleared of its main valuable product, i.e. here methane CH4. Indeed, natural gas and biomethane
Therefore, preferentially, the above (and optionally following) description of the cooling system 1 and the cooling method thus also applies to the motor assembly 60 of the invention, and vice versa.
According to this third aspect of the invention, the cooling system 1 is connected to said internal combustion engine 50 in order to be able to inject said liquefied dioxygen 02 into said combustion chamber 25.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the liquefied dioxygen 02 comes from the water electrolyse module 16.
Advantageously, the cooling system 1 is also designed to be able to also inject said methane CH4 into said combustion chamber 25.
For example, the internal combustion engine 50 is a four-stroke engine, a two-stroke engine, a rotary piston engine (as illustrated), a gas turbine or a Stirling engine. Said internal combustion engine 50 is thus advantageously intended to be supply with an oxidizer and a fuel, wherein either of which may come from the said cooling system 1.
According to a particular embodiment an example of which is illustrated in Figure 3, compatible in particular with the third aspect of the invention and/or with the first and second aspects alone, said cryogenic liquid L coming from said primary electric motor 3 is formed of at least a first component Ci and a second component C2, distinct from each other and in the liquid state.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the cooling system 1 further comprises a separation device 19 designed to separate by magnetism said first and second components Ci, C2 in the liquid state, one of said first and second components Ci, C2 in the liquid state having a paramagnetic character far greater than that of the other of said first and second components Ci, C2. Therefore, according to this latter embodiment, the cooling method further comprises a step of separating by magnetism Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 said first and second components Ci, C2 in the liquid state. Of course, said separation step is preferentially implemented by means of said separation device 19.
According to a first example, as that illustrated in Figure 3, said inlet gas Ge is formed by air, said first component Ci being mainly formed by dioxygen 02, whereas said second 5 component C2 is mostly formed by dinitrogen N2. Preferably, said second component C2 thus further comprises argon Ar and/or carbon dioxide CO2, which are both found in air in a proportion far lower than that of dinitrogen N2. According to a second example, said inlet gas Ge is mainly formed by natural gas or biomethane (i.e. from an essentially biological methane production process), said first component Ci being predominantly 10 formed of methane CH4 whereas said second component C2, in particular in the liquid state, is formed of the natural gas or biomethane effluents, said effluents being, in the present case, preferentially formed of the liquid fraction of the natural gas or biomethane released as a result of processing of the inlet gas Ge (cooling down to liquefaction) cleared of its main valuable product, i.e. here methane CH4. Indeed, natural gas and biomethane
15 are usually each formed by a mixture of several chemical species, among which methane CH4 is normally predominant.
Said separation device 19 preferably further comprises an induction pump 20, for example single-phase or three-phase, designed to expel from the separation device 19 said most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Cl, C2, preferably while pressurizing it. Advantageously, said separation device 19 comprises a magnetic trap 21 designed to emit a magnetic field 100 in order to retain the most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Ci, C2, substantially within a trap portion 22 of said separation device 19. Advantageously, said separation step thus comprises a magnetic trapping step in which a magnetic field 100 is emitted in such a way as to retain the most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Ci, C2, substantially within a trap area 23, which is preferably formed of or surrounded by said trapping portion 22. Naturally, said magnetic trapping step is advantageously implemented by means of said magnetic trap 21. Preferably, said separation device 19 comprises a means 24 for settling said cryogenic liquid L, a portion a least of said settling means 24 forming said trap portion 22. The cooling method thus advantageously comprises a step of settling said cryogenic liquid L, said settling step being preferentially implemented by means of said settling means 24, which comprises Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Said separation device 19 preferably further comprises an induction pump 20, for example single-phase or three-phase, designed to expel from the separation device 19 said most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Cl, C2, preferably while pressurizing it. Advantageously, said separation device 19 comprises a magnetic trap 21 designed to emit a magnetic field 100 in order to retain the most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Ci, C2, substantially within a trap portion 22 of said separation device 19. Advantageously, said separation step thus comprises a magnetic trapping step in which a magnetic field 100 is emitted in such a way as to retain the most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components Ci, C2, substantially within a trap area 23, which is preferably formed of or surrounded by said trapping portion 22. Naturally, said magnetic trapping step is advantageously implemented by means of said magnetic trap 21. Preferably, said separation device 19 comprises a means 24 for settling said cryogenic liquid L, a portion a least of said settling means 24 forming said trap portion 22. The cooling method thus advantageously comprises a step of settling said cryogenic liquid L, said settling step being preferentially implemented by means of said settling means 24, which comprises Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
16 for example a settling vessel. Advantageously, said settling and trapping steps are at least partly concomitant. Advantageously, said magnetic trap 21 and said induction pump 20 are used in combination, said induction pump 20 being downstream from the magnetic trap 21 and making it possible to complete the step of separating said first and second components Ci, C2. According to an example of operation given by way of illustrative and non-limiting example only, to finalize this separation, the first component Ci in the liquid state (liquid dioxygen 02 in the case where the inlet gas Ge is air) is sucked into the magnetic trap 21 by the induction pump 20 whose magnetic field, thanks to a phase-shift, generates a magnetic wave that moves along a drainpipe forming an outlet for said first .. component Ci in the liquid state, thus attracting the first component Ci in the liquid state (formed for example of liquid dioxygen 02) outside the settling means 24, while pressurizing it. The velocity of movement of the first component Ci in the liquid state is preferentially proportional to the frequency of the current supplying the induction pump and to the Lorentz forces.
15 .. As illustrated in Figure 9, the magnetic trap 21, and more precisely said trap portion 22, advantageously comprises a magnetic network of small magnets 26, which form small three-dimensional cells, and which allow emission of said magnetic field 100.
The set of said magnets 17 may form a cube, a cylinder or a cone, and the cells get smaller as they approach the bottom. Such a configuration is similar to a magnetic filter with increasingly 20 .. fine meshes. In Figure 9, the indices P+ and P- advantageously represent gradients of partial pressure due to the concentration of the liquid dioxygen 02 (or more generally the first component Ci) and the liquid dinitrogen N2 (or more generally of said second component C2), respectively, within the magnetic trap 21, whereas the horizontal arrows from the signs 02 and N2 represent the respective hydraulic velocities of the liquid .. dioxygen 02 and the liquid dinitrogen N2, the waveform on the left representing the velocity distribution of the first and second components Ci, C2 mixed in the liquid state just before their magnetic separation. Advantageously, under the effect of the magnetic field 100, said liquid dioxygen 02 (or more generally said first component Ci) gets closer to a first wall 27 of the magnetic trap 21 behind which said magnets 26 are located, whereas the dinitrogen N2 (or more generally the second component C2) gets closer to a second wall 28 of the magnetic trap 21 opposite to the first wall 27 and having no magnet, the magnetic field 100 exerting a magnetic force Fm only on the paramagnetic molecules of dioxygen 02 (or more generally on the most paramagnetic of said first and second Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
15 .. As illustrated in Figure 9, the magnetic trap 21, and more precisely said trap portion 22, advantageously comprises a magnetic network of small magnets 26, which form small three-dimensional cells, and which allow emission of said magnetic field 100.
The set of said magnets 17 may form a cube, a cylinder or a cone, and the cells get smaller as they approach the bottom. Such a configuration is similar to a magnetic filter with increasingly 20 .. fine meshes. In Figure 9, the indices P+ and P- advantageously represent gradients of partial pressure due to the concentration of the liquid dioxygen 02 (or more generally the first component Ci) and the liquid dinitrogen N2 (or more generally of said second component C2), respectively, within the magnetic trap 21, whereas the horizontal arrows from the signs 02 and N2 represent the respective hydraulic velocities of the liquid .. dioxygen 02 and the liquid dinitrogen N2, the waveform on the left representing the velocity distribution of the first and second components Ci, C2 mixed in the liquid state just before their magnetic separation. Advantageously, under the effect of the magnetic field 100, said liquid dioxygen 02 (or more generally said first component Ci) gets closer to a first wall 27 of the magnetic trap 21 behind which said magnets 26 are located, whereas the dinitrogen N2 (or more generally the second component C2) gets closer to a second wall 28 of the magnetic trap 21 opposite to the first wall 27 and having no magnet, the magnetic field 100 exerting a magnetic force Fm only on the paramagnetic molecules of dioxygen 02 (or more generally on the most paramagnetic of said first and second Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
17 components Ci, C2, preferably said first component Ci), and not on the molecules of dinitrogen N2. Therefore, according to this alternative with a magnetic separation device 19, the separation step and/or the separation device 19 of the invention use(s) the paramagnetic capacity of the liquid dioxygen 02 (and more generally said first component Ci in the liquid state), which is hence retained between magnet poles and/or attracted by a magnetic field 11, to separate it from the dinitrogen N2 and the argon Ar (and more generally from said second component C2 in the liquid state). Indeed, the liquid argon Ar and the liquid dinitrogen N2 being mainly non-magnetic, they are advantageously not retained by the magnetic field 100.
Said induction pump 20 comprises, according to an advantageous example illustrated in Figure 7, a three-phase wire winding 70 for collecting said first component Ci in the settling means 6 and, downstream from this winding 70, one or several three-phase coils 71, as illustrated in Figure 6. Such a configuration preferentially makes it possible both to improve the final separation of said first and second components Ci, C2, and to pressurize, i.e. to a significant rate, said first liquid component Ci finally separated from said second liquid component C2.
This specific configuration with a separation device 19 operating thanks to the magnetism is particularly advantageous, because the operating temperatures of the magnetic separation device 19, and in particular of said magnetic trap 21 and said induction pump 20, are very low (cryotemperatures). Thus, the conductive parts of the separation device 19, in particular in the case of magnets and more particularly electromagnets, are at the limits of the natural superconductivity of copper or aluminium, and electric currents of any magnitude can therefore be used and generate high magnetic forces with little heating and thus little electrical and heat losses.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the motor assembly 60 is designed in such a way that the cooling system 1 can inject, into said combustion chamber 25, the first component Ci in the liquid state coming from the separation device 19, said first component Ci in the liquid state advantageously forming said liquefied dioxygen 02.
Advantageously, said first injected component Ci is thus intended to serve as an oxidizer in the internal combustion engine 50.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Said induction pump 20 comprises, according to an advantageous example illustrated in Figure 7, a three-phase wire winding 70 for collecting said first component Ci in the settling means 6 and, downstream from this winding 70, one or several three-phase coils 71, as illustrated in Figure 6. Such a configuration preferentially makes it possible both to improve the final separation of said first and second components Ci, C2, and to pressurize, i.e. to a significant rate, said first liquid component Ci finally separated from said second liquid component C2.
This specific configuration with a separation device 19 operating thanks to the magnetism is particularly advantageous, because the operating temperatures of the magnetic separation device 19, and in particular of said magnetic trap 21 and said induction pump 20, are very low (cryotemperatures). Thus, the conductive parts of the separation device 19, in particular in the case of magnets and more particularly electromagnets, are at the limits of the natural superconductivity of copper or aluminium, and electric currents of any magnitude can therefore be used and generate high magnetic forces with little heating and thus little electrical and heat losses.
According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the motor assembly 60 is designed in such a way that the cooling system 1 can inject, into said combustion chamber 25, the first component Ci in the liquid state coming from the separation device 19, said first component Ci in the liquid state advantageously forming said liquefied dioxygen 02.
Advantageously, said first injected component Ci is thus intended to serve as an oxidizer in the internal combustion engine 50.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
18 In a particularly advantageous manner, said separation device 19 is thus designed to inject said second component C2 in the liquid state into said evaporator 6 and not to inject said first component Ci in the liquid state into the evaporator 6. For example, the motor assembly 60 is designed in such a way that the second component C2 is formed (mainly) by said liquid dinitrogen N2 and introduced into the evaporator 6, whereas the first component Ci is formed by said liquid dioxygen 02 and directly injected into said internal combustion engine 50, to carry out an oxycombustion, as illustrated in Figure 3.
Therefore, a specific alternative of the third aspect of the invention relates to a motor assembly 60 comprising:
-the cooling system 1, and - an internal combustion engine 50, downstream from said cooling system 1 and comprising a combustion chamber 25, the cooling system 1 being connected to said engine 26 in order to be able to inject said first component Ci into said combustion chamber 25. The latter is of course preferentially formed by dioxygen 02.
Advantageously, said engine 50 comprises an exhaust outlet 42 designed to discharge at least one exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state from said combustion chamber 25. Even more advantageously, downstream from said exhaust outlet 42, said evaporator 6 is designed to cool said exhaust component Ce coming from said exhaust outlet 42 and to heat said second component C2 coming from said separation device 19. Said exhaust outlet 42 thus advantageously forms a part of said combustion heat recovery device 51.
The fuel of the internal combustion engine 50 may be in particular a hydrocarbon, for example methane CH4, or dihydrogen1-12. When the fuel is a hydrocarbon and in particular methane CH4, the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state, which contains the products of combustion of the engine 26, will be mainly formed of water and carbon dioxide CO2. When the fuel is dihydrogen 1-12, the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state will be mainly or even almost only formed of water. The absence of dinitrogen N2 in the combustion chamber, thanks to the direct injection of pure liquid (or potentially gaseous) dioxygen 02 is one of the advantages of the motor assembly 60 of the invention (two specific variants of which are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4), in particular as regards Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Therefore, a specific alternative of the third aspect of the invention relates to a motor assembly 60 comprising:
-the cooling system 1, and - an internal combustion engine 50, downstream from said cooling system 1 and comprising a combustion chamber 25, the cooling system 1 being connected to said engine 26 in order to be able to inject said first component Ci into said combustion chamber 25. The latter is of course preferentially formed by dioxygen 02.
Advantageously, said engine 50 comprises an exhaust outlet 42 designed to discharge at least one exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state from said combustion chamber 25. Even more advantageously, downstream from said exhaust outlet 42, said evaporator 6 is designed to cool said exhaust component Ce coming from said exhaust outlet 42 and to heat said second component C2 coming from said separation device 19. Said exhaust outlet 42 thus advantageously forms a part of said combustion heat recovery device 51.
The fuel of the internal combustion engine 50 may be in particular a hydrocarbon, for example methane CH4, or dihydrogen1-12. When the fuel is a hydrocarbon and in particular methane CH4, the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state, which contains the products of combustion of the engine 26, will be mainly formed of water and carbon dioxide CO2. When the fuel is dihydrogen 1-12, the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state will be mainly or even almost only formed of water. The absence of dinitrogen N2 in the combustion chamber, thanks to the direct injection of pure liquid (or potentially gaseous) dioxygen 02 is one of the advantages of the motor assembly 60 of the invention (two specific variants of which are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4), in particular as regards Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
19 the reduction of pollution related to nitrogen oxide, also called "NO,".
Indeed, the internal combustion engine 50 of the motor assembly 60, in the absence of nitrogen in the combustion chamber 25, produces no or almost no NOx.
Advantageously, the motor assembly 60 comprises a combustion heat recovery device 51, preferably that described hereinabove, to recover the combustion heat of the exhaust component Ce coming from said combustion chamber 25.
Preferably, the motor assembly 60 is designed in such a way that the evaporator 6 cools said exhaust component Ce at least down to liquefaction of a primary portion of the latter, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. Preferentially, the motor assembly 60 is designed to use said liquefied primary portion in order to liquefy a secondary portion of said exhaust component Ce, said primary and secondary portions being distinct from each other. Said primary portion is advantageously mainly formed of carbon dioxide CO2, whereas said secondary portion is mainly formed of water, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. Even more advantageously, said one combustion heat recovery device 51 comprises a reinjection device (not illustrated), designed to sweep said combustion chamber 25 with said primary portion and/or secondary portion (in the liquid, or alternatively gaseous, state) in order to expel said exhaust component Ce from the combustion chamber 25. Such a configuration allows improving the operation of the internal combustion engine 50 by expelling efficiently the exhaust component Ce from the latter. For example, in particular when the fuel is a hydrocarbon, said reinjection device is designed to inject the liquid primary portion formed of carbon dioxide into said combustion chamber 25, to optimize the sweeping of the latter, i.e. to expel all the gases burnt by the combustion and that form the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state.
The invention also relates as such, according to a fourth aspect, to a method for adapting an internal combustion engine 50 comprising at least an intake manifold and a combustion chamber 25, said adaptation method comprising at least:
- a step of closing or removing said intake manifold of the engine 26, - an installation step, in which the cooling system 1 as described hereinabove is connected to said internal combustion engine 50, at said closed or removed intake Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 manifold, and thus upstream from said combustion chamber 25, in order to be able to inject into the latter liquefied dioxygen 02 produced by said cooling system 1.
Advantageously, at the end of said installation step, said internal combustion engine 50 and the cooling system 1 form a motor assembly 60 as described hereinabove.
5 For example, said liquefied dioxygen 02 may be formed by said first component Ci coming from the separation device 19, as illustrated in Figure 3, or by the dioxygen 02 formed by the water hydrolysis module 16 and liquefied by said heat exchange module 17, or also a combination of both. Of course, the following and preceding description of the cooling system 1, the motor assembly 60 and the cooling method thus also applies to 10 the adaptation method of the invention, and vice versa.
The invention are also relates as such, according to a fifth aspect, to an oxycombustion method comprising the cooling method as described hereinabove, the oxycombustion method further comprising a step of injecting dioxygen 02 liquefied during the cooling method into a combustion chamber 25 of an internal combustion engine 50. Of course, 15 the following and preceding description of the cooling system 1, the motor assembly 60, the cooling method and even the adaptation method thus also applies to the oxycombustion method of the invention, and vice versa. For example, said inlet gas Ge being formed by air, said first component Ci is mainly formed by dioxygen 02, and, during said injection step, the first component Ci is injected into said combustion chamber 25.
Indeed, the internal combustion engine 50 of the motor assembly 60, in the absence of nitrogen in the combustion chamber 25, produces no or almost no NOx.
Advantageously, the motor assembly 60 comprises a combustion heat recovery device 51, preferably that described hereinabove, to recover the combustion heat of the exhaust component Ce coming from said combustion chamber 25.
Preferably, the motor assembly 60 is designed in such a way that the evaporator 6 cools said exhaust component Ce at least down to liquefaction of a primary portion of the latter, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. Preferentially, the motor assembly 60 is designed to use said liquefied primary portion in order to liquefy a secondary portion of said exhaust component Ce, said primary and secondary portions being distinct from each other. Said primary portion is advantageously mainly formed of carbon dioxide CO2, whereas said secondary portion is mainly formed of water, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. Even more advantageously, said one combustion heat recovery device 51 comprises a reinjection device (not illustrated), designed to sweep said combustion chamber 25 with said primary portion and/or secondary portion (in the liquid, or alternatively gaseous, state) in order to expel said exhaust component Ce from the combustion chamber 25. Such a configuration allows improving the operation of the internal combustion engine 50 by expelling efficiently the exhaust component Ce from the latter. For example, in particular when the fuel is a hydrocarbon, said reinjection device is designed to inject the liquid primary portion formed of carbon dioxide into said combustion chamber 25, to optimize the sweeping of the latter, i.e. to expel all the gases burnt by the combustion and that form the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state.
The invention also relates as such, according to a fourth aspect, to a method for adapting an internal combustion engine 50 comprising at least an intake manifold and a combustion chamber 25, said adaptation method comprising at least:
- a step of closing or removing said intake manifold of the engine 26, - an installation step, in which the cooling system 1 as described hereinabove is connected to said internal combustion engine 50, at said closed or removed intake Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 manifold, and thus upstream from said combustion chamber 25, in order to be able to inject into the latter liquefied dioxygen 02 produced by said cooling system 1.
Advantageously, at the end of said installation step, said internal combustion engine 50 and the cooling system 1 form a motor assembly 60 as described hereinabove.
5 For example, said liquefied dioxygen 02 may be formed by said first component Ci coming from the separation device 19, as illustrated in Figure 3, or by the dioxygen 02 formed by the water hydrolysis module 16 and liquefied by said heat exchange module 17, or also a combination of both. Of course, the following and preceding description of the cooling system 1, the motor assembly 60 and the cooling method thus also applies to 10 the adaptation method of the invention, and vice versa.
The invention are also relates as such, according to a fifth aspect, to an oxycombustion method comprising the cooling method as described hereinabove, the oxycombustion method further comprising a step of injecting dioxygen 02 liquefied during the cooling method into a combustion chamber 25 of an internal combustion engine 50. Of course, 15 the following and preceding description of the cooling system 1, the motor assembly 60, the cooling method and even the adaptation method thus also applies to the oxycombustion method of the invention, and vice versa. For example, said inlet gas Ge being formed by air, said first component Ci is mainly formed by dioxygen 02, and, during said injection step, the first component Ci is injected into said combustion chamber 25.
20 For example, as illustrated in Figure 10, the internal combustion engine 50 has a rotary piston 44 (having the shape of a Reuleaux triangle). The internal combustion engine 50 with a rotary piston 44 of the alternative illustrated in Figure 10 comprises two opposing spark plugs 39, two also opposing common fuel and oxidizer injections 40, 41, and two also opposing exhaust outlets 42 designed to discharge the exhaust component Ce in the gaseous state, as described hereinabove. Said oxidizer is preferentially formed by liquid dioxygen 02, formed for example by said first component Ci. The oxycombustion here allows overcoming the recurring problems of low compression of the conventional rotary piston engines, in particular by adapting the speed of rotation of the rotary piston 44.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
21 The cooling system 1 is also adapted for the production of small quantities of said liquefied first component Ci, or, after return of the latter to the gaseous state, for the production of small quantities of said liquefied first component Ci in the gaseous state but compressed (that is to say at a relatively high pressure).
The invention also relates as such, according to a fifth aspect not illustrated here, to a high-power air-conditioning system comprising the above-described cooling system, the cooling energy of the high-power air-conditioning system being provided via said evaporator 6.
By convention, in a purely indicative and non-limiting manner, the signs (g) and (liq) are used in the figures to indicate the gaseous and liquid states, respectively, of the various components. In the figures, the arrows located on either side of the continuous lines preferably indicate the direction of a flow, for example a flow of He(g), that is to say a flow of helium He in the gaseous state.
The terms such as first, second, third, fourth, fifth, primary, secondary, tertiary of the present description are preferably used for distinctive purposes only, and not to denote a rank or an ordinal numbering. A second element may, for example, be introduced without necessarily having a first element of the same nature also introduced or even implicitly present.
POSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
To summarize, the invention is related to the problems of liquefied gas production, pollution control and energy efficiency of the combustion engines, and more generally of energy-saving, the production of a cryogenic liquid with an optimized energy consumption being a possible application.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
The invention also relates as such, according to a fifth aspect not illustrated here, to a high-power air-conditioning system comprising the above-described cooling system, the cooling energy of the high-power air-conditioning system being provided via said evaporator 6.
By convention, in a purely indicative and non-limiting manner, the signs (g) and (liq) are used in the figures to indicate the gaseous and liquid states, respectively, of the various components. In the figures, the arrows located on either side of the continuous lines preferably indicate the direction of a flow, for example a flow of He(g), that is to say a flow of helium He in the gaseous state.
The terms such as first, second, third, fourth, fifth, primary, secondary, tertiary of the present description are preferably used for distinctive purposes only, and not to denote a rank or an ordinal numbering. A second element may, for example, be introduced without necessarily having a first element of the same nature also introduced or even implicitly present.
POSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
To summarize, the invention is related to the problems of liquefied gas production, pollution control and energy efficiency of the combustion engines, and more generally of energy-saving, the production of a cryogenic liquid with an optimized energy consumption being a possible application.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Claims (30)
1. A cooling system (1) comprising at least:
a Stirling heat pump (2) designed to cool an inlet gas (Ge) down to a cryogenic temperature in order to form a cryogenic liquid (L), a primary electric motor (3), intended to operate said Stirling heat pump (2), a primary pump (4) intended to circulate said cryogenic liquid (L) under pressure, and a cooling means (5), intended to cool said primary electric motor (3) by means of the cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said primary pump (4).
a Stirling heat pump (2) designed to cool an inlet gas (Ge) down to a cryogenic temperature in order to form a cryogenic liquid (L), a primary electric motor (3), intended to operate said Stirling heat pump (2), a primary pump (4) intended to circulate said cryogenic liquid (L) under pressure, and a cooling means (5), intended to cool said primary electric motor (3) by means of the cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said primary pump (4).
2. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the primary pump (4) comprises a secondary electric motor, the cooling system (1) being designed to cool said secondary electric motor by means of the cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said Stirling heat pump (2).
3. The cooling system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a helium liquefaction device (30), which comprises at least:
a heat exchanger (31) intended to collect, on the one hand, gaseous helium to cool it to a cryotemperature, for example 120 K or less, and on the other hand, the pressurized cryogenic liquid (L) coming from the primary electric motor (3) to heat it, an isenthalpic expansion module (32), intended to carry out the isenthalpic expansion of the cooled gaseous helium (He) coming from the heat exchanger (31), in order to liquefy said gaseous helium (He).
a heat exchanger (31) intended to collect, on the one hand, gaseous helium to cool it to a cryotemperature, for example 120 K or less, and on the other hand, the pressurized cryogenic liquid (L) coming from the primary electric motor (3) to heat it, an isenthalpic expansion module (32), intended to carry out the isenthalpic expansion of the cooled gaseous helium (He) coming from the heat exchanger (31), in order to liquefy said gaseous helium (He).
4. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said helium liquefaction device (30) further comprises:
a cooling circuit (33) of a magnetic element (34), such as a medical imaging magnet, using liquefied helium (He) coming from said isenthalpic expansion module (32), in such a way that the liquefied helium (He) is heated enough to be vaporized into gaseous helium (He), Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 a secondary compressor (36), intended to compress the gaseous helium (He) coming from said cooling circuit (30) and to send it to said heat exchanger (31), and a secondary turbine (35), positioned upstream from said isenthalpic expansion module (32) and intended to recover mechanical energy from the cooled gaseous helium (He) coming from the heat exchanger (31), said secondary turbine(35) powering said secondary compressor (36).
a cooling circuit (33) of a magnetic element (34), such as a medical imaging magnet, using liquefied helium (He) coming from said isenthalpic expansion module (32), in such a way that the liquefied helium (He) is heated enough to be vaporized into gaseous helium (He), Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 a secondary compressor (36), intended to compress the gaseous helium (He) coming from said cooling circuit (30) and to send it to said heat exchanger (31), and a secondary turbine (35), positioned upstream from said isenthalpic expansion module (32) and intended to recover mechanical energy from the cooled gaseous helium (He) coming from the heat exchanger (31), said secondary turbine(35) powering said secondary compressor (36).
5. The cooling system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an evaporator (6) intended to evaporate at least part of said pressurized cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said primary electric motor (3), in order to form an outlet gas (Gs) and to collect cooling energy.
6. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said evaporator (6) comprises at least one primary heat exchanger (7) intended to collect, on the one hand, said inlet gas (Ge) tO COOI it before it enters said Stirling heat pump (2), and on the other hand, at least part of said cryogenic liquid (L), coming from said primary electric motor (3), to heat it.
7. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said evaporator (6) further comprises at least one secondary heat exchanger (8) intended to heat said outlet gas (Gs) or at least part of said cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said primary heat exchanger (7) by means of a heat source (Q).
8. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a module (9) for supplying said heat source (Q), said supply module (9) being formed by a solar energy production device (10), a system (51) for recovering combustion heat, or a device for recovering waste heat from the cooling system (1) or from another system.
9. The cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a mechanical energy recovery device (12) to recover the mechanical energy produced by a displacement of said outlet gas (Gs).
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
10. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises, upstream from said Stirling heat pump (2), a primary compressor (15) designed to compress said inlet gas (Ge), said primary compressor (15) being at least partly operated by means of said mechanical energy recovery device (12).
11. The cooling system (1) according to the claim 9 or 10, characterized in that said mechanical energy recovery device (34) comprises at least one electrical generator (13), the cooling system (1) further comprising a module (16) for electrolysing water into dihydrogen (H2) and dioxygen (02), powered by at least said electric generator (13).
12. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises a heat exchange module (17) designed to:
cool at least down to liquefaction the dioxygen (02) coming from the electrolyse module (16) in order to form liquefied dioxygen (02), and heating the outlet gas (Gs) Coming from the mechanical energy recovery device (12).
cool at least down to liquefaction the dioxygen (02) coming from the electrolyse module (16) in order to form liquefied dioxygen (02), and heating the outlet gas (Gs) Coming from the mechanical energy recovery device (12).
13. The cooling system (1) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it also comprises a methane reforming unit (18), designed to react carbon dioxide (CO2) with dihydrogen (H2) coming from said water electrolysis module (16) in order to form methane (CH4) and water (H20).
14. The cooling system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said primary electric motor (3) is formed of at least a first component (Ci) and a second component (C2) distinct from each other and in the liquid state, the cooling system (1) further comprising a separation device (19) designed to separate by magnetism said first and second components (Ci, C2) in the liquid state, one of said first and second components (Ci, C2) in the liquid state having a paramagnetic character far greater than that of the other of said first and second components (Ci, C2).
15. The cooling system (1) according the claims 5 and 14, characterized in that said separation device (19) is designed to inject said second component (C2) in the liquid Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 state into said evaporator (6) and not to inject said first component (Ci) in the liquid state into the evaporator (6).
16. The cooling system (1) according the claims 14 or 15, characterized in that said separation device (19) further comprises an induction pump (20), for example 5 single-phase or three-phase, designed to expel from the separation device (19) said most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components (Ci, C2), preferably while pressurizing it.
17. The cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that said separation device (19) comprises a magnetic trap (21) designed to emit a 10 magnetic field (100) in order to retain the most paramagnetic component, among said first and second components (Ci, C2), substantially within a trap portion (22) of said separation device (19).
18. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said separation device (19) comprises a means (24) for settling said cryogenic liquid (L), 15 a portion a least of said settling means (24) forming said trap portion (22).
19. The cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that said inlet gas (Ge) is formed by air, said first component (Ci) being mainly formed by dioxygen (02), whereas said second component (C2) is mostly formed by dinitrogen (N2).
20 20. The cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that it is connected to an internal combustion engine (50) comprising a combustion chamber (25), the cooling system (1) being designed to inject, into said combustion chamber (25), the first component (Ci) coming from the separation device (19).
21. The cooling system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said 25 first injected component (Ci) is intended to serve as an oxidizer in the internal combustion engine (50).
22. A high-power air-conditioning system, characterized in that it comprises the cooling system according to claim 5, and optionally according to any one of the other Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18 preceding claims, the cooling energy of the high-power air-conditioning system being provided via said evaporator (6).
23. A motor assembly (60) characterized in that it comprises at least:
the cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 21, said cooling system (1) being designed to produce liquefied dioxygen (02), and an internal combustion engine (50), downstream from said cooling system (1) and comprising a combustion chamber (25), the cooling system (1) being connected to said internal combustion engine (50) in order to be able to inject said liquefied dioxygen (02) into said combustion chamber (25).
the cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 21, said cooling system (1) being designed to produce liquefied dioxygen (02), and an internal combustion engine (50), downstream from said cooling system (1) and comprising a combustion chamber (25), the cooling system (1) being connected to said internal combustion engine (50) in order to be able to inject said liquefied dioxygen (02) into said combustion chamber (25).
24. A motor assembly (60) according to the preceding claim and any one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that it is designed in such a way that the cooling system (1) can inject, into said combustion chamber (25), the first component (Ci) in the liquid state coming from the separation device (19), said first component (Ci) in the liquid state advantageously forming said liquefied dioxygen (02).
25. The motor assembly (60) according to the preceding claim and any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that said liquefied dioxygen (02) comes from said water electrolyse module (16).
26. A method for adapting an internal combustion engine (50) comprising at least an intake manifold and a combustion chamber (25), said adaptation method being characterized in that it comprises at least:
a step of closing or removing said intake manifold of the engine (26), an installation step, in which the cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 21 is connected to said internal combustion engine (50), at said closed or removed intake manifold, and thus upstream from said combustion chamber (25), in order to be able to inject into the latter liquefied dioxygen (02) produced by said cooling system (1).
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
a step of closing or removing said intake manifold of the engine (26), an installation step, in which the cooling system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 21 is connected to said internal combustion engine (50), at said closed or removed intake manifold, and thus upstream from said combustion chamber (25), in order to be able to inject into the latter liquefied dioxygen (02) produced by said cooling system (1).
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
27. The adaptation method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, at the end of said installation step, said internal combustion engine (50) and the cooling system (1) form a motor assembly (60) according to claim 24 or 25.
28. A cooling method comprising at least:
a step of cooling an inlet gas (Ge) by means of at least one Stirling heat pump (2), in order to form a cryogenic liquid (L), said Stirling heat pump (2) being powered by a primary electric motor (3), a pumping step to circulate said cryogenic liquid (L) under pressure, and a cooling step, during which said primary electric motor (3) is cooled by means of the cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said pumping step.
a step of cooling an inlet gas (Ge) by means of at least one Stirling heat pump (2), in order to form a cryogenic liquid (L), said Stirling heat pump (2) being powered by a primary electric motor (3), a pumping step to circulate said cryogenic liquid (L) under pressure, and a cooling step, during which said primary electric motor (3) is cooled by means of the cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said pumping step.
29. The cooling method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said cryogenic liquid (L) coming from said primary electric motor (3) is formed of at least a first component (Ci) and a second component (C2), distinct from each other and in the liquid state, the cooling method further comprising a step of separating by magnetism said first and second components (C1, C2) in the liquid state, one of said first and second components (Ci, C2) in the liquid state having a paramagnetic character far greater than that of the other of said first and second components (Ci, C2).
30. The oxycombustion method, characterized in that it comprises the cooling method according to claim 28 or 29, the oxycombustion method further comprising step of injecting dioxygen (02) liquefied during the cooling method into a combustion chamber (25) of an internal combustion engine (50).
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-18
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2004428A FR3109986B1 (en) | 2020-05-05 | 2020-05-05 | COOLING SYSTEM, AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM, ENGINE ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATED PROCESSES |
| FR2004428 | 2020-05-05 | ||
| PCT/FR2021/050768 WO2021224574A1 (en) | 2020-05-05 | 2021-05-04 | Cooling system, air-conditioning system, motor assembly and associated methods |
Publications (1)
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|---|---|
| CA3180531A1 true CA3180531A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3180531A Pending CA3180531A1 (en) | 2020-05-05 | 2021-05-04 | Cooling system, air-conditioning system, motor assembly and associated methods |
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| US (1) | US20230228463A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP4146996A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2023527118A (en) |
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| FR (1) | FR3109986B1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014087251A2 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-06-12 | Proyectos Y Generadores Libelula, S.A. De C.V. | Systems and methods for distributed production liquefied natural gas |
| FR3009058A1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-01-30 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING PRESSURIZED GASES |
| FR3029611A1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-10 | Eosgen-Technologies | GAS LIQUEFACTION SYSTEM WITH ABSORPTION MACHINE AND STIRLING HEAT PUMP |
-
2020
- 2020-05-05 FR FR2004428A patent/FR3109986B1/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-05-04 CN CN202180033309.9A patent/CN115516262A/en active Pending
- 2021-05-04 IL IL297876A patent/IL297876A/en unknown
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- 2021-05-04 JP JP2022567255A patent/JP2023527118A/en active Pending
- 2021-05-04 AU AU2021267010A patent/AU2021267010A1/en active Pending
- 2021-05-04 MX MX2022013831A patent/MX2022013831A/en unknown
- 2021-05-04 EP EP21732956.4A patent/EP4146996A1/en active Pending
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| JP2023527118A (en) | 2023-06-27 |
| US20230228463A1 (en) | 2023-07-20 |
| AU2021267010A1 (en) | 2022-12-01 |
| FR3109986A1 (en) | 2021-11-12 |
| MX2022013831A (en) | 2023-01-05 |
| IL297876A (en) | 2023-01-01 |
| CN115516262A (en) | 2022-12-23 |
| FR3109986B1 (en) | 2022-05-06 |
| EP4146996A1 (en) | 2023-03-15 |
| KR20230006899A (en) | 2023-01-11 |
| BR112022022386A2 (en) | 2022-12-13 |
| CL2022002892A1 (en) | 2023-06-16 |
| CO2022015852A2 (en) | 2022-11-29 |
| ZA202213081B (en) | 2023-08-30 |
| WO2021224574A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
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