EP4134945B1 - Reed plate arrangement for a manual pulling instrument, sound post arrangement for a manual pulling instrument, and manual pulling instrument - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a reed plate arrangement for a hand-pulled instrument, a sound post arrangement for a hand-pulled instrument and a hand-pulled instrument.

A hand-pulled instrument, such as an accordion, typically has a sound post on which several reed plates are mounted. A reed plate usually has two elongated openings. Each opening is assigned an elongated reed, which has a widened end region at one of its two longitudinal ends for attachment to the reed plate. The opposite longitudinal end of the reed is no longer fixed. The reed can be made to vibrate in such a way that it partially swings into the associated opening. When air flows through the opening, particularly due to a movement of a bellows of the hand-pulled instrument, such a vibration can be generated and an audible sound is produced in this way. The reeds are usually attached to the reed plate via a rivet connection.

A reed plate for a hand-pulled instrument is known from the prior art, which consists of an aluminum alloy and a reed which consists of spring steel.

When the ambient temperature changes, the dimensions of the reed and also those of the reed plate change. For this reason, it can happen, firstly, that the pitch of the tone produced by the vibrating reed changes when the temperature changes and, secondly, that the reeds jam at sub-zero temperatures due to the different expansion coefficients of steel and aluminum, which causes the hand-pulled instrument or . makes the accordion unplayable for the moment and can even permanently damage the instrument. These problems are of course generally undesirable in practice and they generally become more noticeable the greater the temperature fluctuation.

Due to different expansion coefficients, daily temperature differences lead to recurring tensions between aluminum and steel, which contribute to the accordion slowly going out of tune, so that an accordion has to be tuned by a specialist every five years on average in a complex and expensive process.

From the EP 3 855 424 A1 a hand-pulled instrument with a bellows for generating an air stream flowing towards the reeds is known. A reed plate arrangement can be designed as a carbon fiber reed arrangement in such a way that the gap between the reed and the surrounding support plate is sufficient to prevent the reed from hitting the support even in the event of large temperature fluctuations. The low thermal expansion of carbon fiber reeds and carbon fiber support plates allows the gap between reeds and reed plates to be very small. The EP 3 855 424 A1 further mentions that the reeds can be slightly bent to promote release from the reed plate plane by creating a release gap.

From the WO 86/04443 A a device for improving the sound of accordions and bandonions is known. The device consists of materials with a minimum hardness of 70 Shore D, in particular carbon fiber or other fiber compounds, or composite materials.

There is therefore a need for a hand-pulled instrument with improved playing properties and/or lower maintenance requirements.

This object is achieved according to the present invention by the subject matter of the independent patent claim. Advantageous embodiments with useful developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims, with advantageous embodiments of one aspect of the invention being viewed as mutually advantageous embodiments of the respective other aspects of the invention.

According to a first aspect of the present description, a reed plate is provided for a hand-pulled instrument, wherein at least one reed is attached to the reed plate and wherein the reed plate and the reed each have a carbon fiber composite material. In particular, the reed plate and/or the reed can be formed from the carbon fiber composite material.

By selecting the material for the reed and the reed plate in this way, it can be achieved that when the temperature changes, the dimensions of the reed and also the reed plate change less than is the case with the prior art outlined above. In this way, improved pitch stability or frequency stability can be achieved for the vibration of the reed. This effect is based in particular on the fact that the dimensions of a component made of carbon fiber composite material change significantly less when the temperature changes than the dimensions of a corresponding part made of spring steel or aluminum.

As an extreme example, tests have shown that a suitably designed reed made of carbon fiber composite material, which vibrates at a frequency of 1641 Hz at an ambient temperature of 50°C, will vibrate at an ambient temperature of - 30°C also oscillates at 1641 Hz. In contrast, a steel reed that oscillates at a similar frequency (1670 Hz) at 50°C no longer responds at all at -30°C.

It has also been found that the aforementioned choice of material can produce a tone with particularly advantageous overtone behavior from a musical point of view. In particular, tones that are particularly rich in overtones can be generated. Such tones are usually perceived as particularly pleasant by a listener. For example, it has been found that, compared to a corresponding steel reed, the third overtone (i.e. the tone two octaves above the fundamental tone) is particularly prominent. Interfering noises between the overtones are practically imperceptible.

It should also be mentioned that the choice of material mentioned means that there is no longer any risk of corrosion of the reed and/or reed plate. This is advantageous with regard to the lifespan of the reed plate and the reed and thus the lifespan of a correspondingly equipped hand-pulled instrument.

The reduction of temperature-dependent stresses between the reed and reed plate materials, which can be achieved through the use of temperature-stable carbon fiber composite material in reed plates and/or reeds, reduces or eliminates detuning of the instrument and thereby minimizes maintenance costs and effort.

It is also advantageous that carbon fiber composite material has a lower mass than aluminum or steel. The choice of materials mentioned above allows the weight of the reed and the reed plate to be reduced by more than 50%, which can have a considerable influence on the overall weight of the instrument due to the considerable number of reed plates and reeds in a standard hand-pulled instrument.

In the prior art, the free end of the reed is usually bent slightly away from the reed plate. In this way, a so-called release gap is formed, which is important for the creation of the vibration through a corresponding air flow, i.e. for the "response" of the reed. However, this is problematic in itself, if the reed is made of carbon fiber composite material, because this material is practically impossible to bend accordingly. It is therefore advantageous if the reed plate is shaped in a region surrounding the free reed end in such a way that a suitable release gap is formed even in the case of a reed made of carbon fiber composite material, and more generally also in the case of a reed that only extends in one plane. In this sense, the reed plate according to the invention has a flat support area extending in a plane for connection to the reed, as well as an opening to enable the reed to oscillate, the opening extending from the support area along a longitudinal axis to one opposite the support area Edge area of the opening extends. The reed plate is shaped in such a way that a distance is formed between the plane and the edge region in the direction perpendicular to the plane.

The opposite edge region of the opening preferably extends transversely, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

The distance formed in this way is advantageously chosen depending on the desired pitch of the tone that is to be produced by the vibration of the reed. The higher the tone, the smaller the release gap is generally advantageously chosen. The distance can also be selected depending on the stiffness of the reed. A lower rigidity of the reed is advantageous with regard to the response behavior of the reed, a higher rigidity basically makes the response more difficult, but is advantageous with regard to the tuning or frequency stability and also with regard to the volume that can be achieved.

Therefore, the distance is preferably a maximum of 1.5 mm, particularly preferably a maximum of 1.3 mm, for example a maximum of 1.0 mm. Further preferably, the distance is at least 0.05 mm, particularly preferably at least 0.1 mm, for example at least 0.3 mm.

A simple way to form the release gap in terms of manufacturing technology is provided according to the invention in that a surface of the reed plate facing the reed is used to form the Distance has a recess and / or a curvature and / or a slope. The curvature can be, for example, a convex curvature.

A particularly good response of the reed can be made possible if the mentioned recess, curvature or slope of the surface of the reed plate is formed within the last third of the opening, i.e. in the area of the third of the opening that adjoins the edge area opposite the support area.

As mentioned above, according to the prior art, the reed is connected to the reed plate by a rivet connection. For this purpose, as briefly described at the beginning, the reed typically has a widened end area, which makes flat contact with a corresponding support area of the reed plate. As has now been shown through extensive investigations, if the reed attached by a rivet connection oscillates, the widened end region of the reed also vibrates to a certain extent. This has a disadvantage because it can lead to deviations from the desired target frequency. Corresponding tests have shown, for example, that a reed with a target frequency of 448 Hz can, in practice, cause an oscillation with a frequency of 393 Hz due to the quasi "punctual" rivet connection.

The reed therefore preferably has a first region and a second region, the first region of the reed being screwed to the reed plate and the second region extending parallel to the longitudinal axis. The screw connection advantageously allows the reed to be fixed to the reed plate over a particularly large area. If the entire widened end region of the reed is fixed to the reed plate, this is particularly advantageous with regard to achieving a desired target frequency.

A correspondingly advantageous large-area connection of the end area of the reed with the support area of the reed plate can alternatively be achieved, for example, by soldering, gluing or large-area riveting.

In this sense, it is advantageous if the first area of the reed is connected, in particular screwed, to the reed plate in such a way that the first area of the reed contacts the contact area of the reed plate in a flat manner.

Due to the above-mentioned relationships, it is particularly advantageous if the first region of the reed has a width measured transversely to the longitudinal axis and the first region of the reed is at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90% of the width The reed plate is pressed.

The reed plate and the reed are particularly preferably made of the same material.

At least two reeds are preferably attached to the reed plate. This is advantageous because two separate reeds are typically provided for each tone of a hand-pulled instrument, one for draft and one for compressed air.

According to a further aspect of the present description, a sound post is provided for a hand-pulled instrument. Several reed plates are attached to the sound post.

The sound post preferably has a carbon fiber composite material. In particular, the sound post can consist of a carbon fiber composite material. The reeds, the reed plates and the sound post are particularly preferably made of the same material.

According to a further aspect of the present description, a hand-pulled instrument, in particular an accordion, is provided with a plurality of reed plates according to the application and/or with a reed post according to the application.

Basically, tones with different sound qualities can be produced using reeds made from different materials. For example, a sound post with steel reeds and further reeds made of carbon fiber composite material can be provided. From a musical perspective, the ability to produce tones with different sound qualities is fundamentally desirable for a hand-held instrument. For example, a cassotto also ensures that the sound becomes warmer when a sound post is used in the cassotto.

The carbon fiber composite material can be, for example, carbon.

Using at least one sound post made of carbon with reed plates made of carbon and reeds made of carbon and at least one sound post made of carbon with reed plates made of carbon and reeds made of steel or a further combination with at least one conventional reed post, as described at the beginning, makes it possible to create a hand-pulled instrument in a completely new way to equip. This can be advantageous, for example, if temperature-related expansion behavior plays practically no role, for example because the game is only played in heated interior rooms. This can also be beneficial in terms of the cost of the hand-pulled instrument, as carbon is generally more expensive than aluminum alloys or spring steel. In addition, in this way a sound can be "personalized" to suit a musician's preferences in order to be able to do justice to the musician's musical taste in a particularly suitable manner.

If the sound post is made of plastic or wood, this is advantageous in terms of manufacturing costs. In addition, a particularly wide variety of sounds can be achieved in this way. This applies to the hand-pulled instrument or accordion as such, but also to the variety of sounds between different accordion models. In addition, a personalized variety of sounds can be achieved depending on the taste of a musician.

• Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Skizze einer erfindungsgemäßen Stimmplatte, mit angedeuteter Skizzierung einer zugehörigen Stimmzunge.
• Fig. 2 zeigt eine entsprechende Skizze ohne die Stimmzunge.
• Fig. 3 zeigt eine Skizze einer entsprechenden Draufsicht auf die Stimmplatte.
• Fig. 4 zeigt eine Skizze einer entsprechenden Seitenansicht der Stimmplatte.
• Fig. 5 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines anmeldungsgemäßen Stimmstocks.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment and from the Characters. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and/or shown in the figure alone can be used not only in the combinations specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without the scope of the invention to leave.

• Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective sketch of a reed plate according to the invention, with an indicated sketch of an associated reed.
• Fig. 2 shows a corresponding sketch without the reed.
• Fig. 3 shows a sketch of a corresponding top view of the reed plate.
• Fig. 4 shows a sketch of a corresponding side view of the reed plate.
• Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a sound post according to the registration.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective sketch of a reed plate 2 according to the invention for a hand-pulled instrument. The hand-pulled instrument can be, for example, an accordion. On the reed plate 2 you can - as in Fig. 1 indicated by dashed lines - a reed 4 can be attached. The reed plate 2 preferably comprises carbon fiber composite material. The carbon fiber composite material can be, for example, carbon. For example, the reed plate 2 may be formed from the carbon fiber composite material.

The reed 4 preferably also has carbon fiber composite material. The carbon fiber composite material can in turn be, for example, carbon. For example, the reed 4 can be formed from the carbon fiber composite material. In particular, it can be provided that the reed plate 2 and the reed 4 are made of the same material.

Fig. 2 shows a corresponding sketch of the reed plate 2 without the reed, Fig. 3 a sketch of a corresponding top view of the reed plate 2. Fig. 4 shows a sketch of a corresponding side view of the reed plate 2 with reed 4. The reed plate 2 has a flat support area 22 extending in a plane E for connection to the reed 4. Furthermore, the reed plate 2 has an opening 24 to enable the reed 4 to oscillate. The shape of the opening 24 is preferably matched to the shape of the reed 4. Viewed in a section parallel to plane E, the opening 24 has, in particular, a rectangular cross section.

By means of an air flow through the opening 24, as can be generated in particular by a movement of a bellows of a hand-pulled instrument which is equipped with the reed plate 2, the reed 4 connected to the reed plate 2 can be set in vibration, so that a tone is generated becomes.

The opening 24 of the reed plate 2 preferably extends directly from the support area 22 along a longitudinal axis L to an edge area 26 of the opening opposite the support area 22. The edge region 26 is in particular rectilinear and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L.

The reed 4 is designed to be flat overall and extends in a plane parallel to plane E. The reed 4 points, for example Fig. 3 can be seen, a first area 42 and a second area 44. The second region 44 preferably extends directly from the first region 42 in an elongated direction parallel to the longitudinal axis L to an opposite edge region 46 of the reed 4.

The first area 42 of the reed 4 can be essentially rectangular in shape and the second area 44 can also be essentially rectangular in shape. However, the first area 42 is preferably widened compared to the second area 44 when measured transversely to the longitudinal axis L (cf. Fig. 1 and 3 ). In particular, the first area 42, as in Fig. 3 sketched, a first width b1 measured transversely to the longitudinal axis L and the second region 44 of the reed 4 has a second width b2 measured transversely to the longitudinal axis L, which is smaller than the first width b1.

The second region 44 of the reed 4 can extend further along the longitudinal axis L than the first region 42. The second region 44 has a length λ measured along the longitudinal axis L, which is in particular dependent on the desired target frequency, the elastic modulus and the density is selected.

The first area 42 of the reed 4 is connected to the reed plate 2, in particular screwed or glued or connected to the reed plate 2 via a soldered connection. The first area 42 is connected to the reed plate 2 in such a way that it makes flat contact with the support area 22 of the reed plate 22. The first region 42 is advantageously pressed against the reed plate 2 or the support area 22 of the reed plate 2 over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70% and particularly preferably over at least 90% of its width b1.

The reed plate 2 is shaped in such a way that - as in Fig. 4 sketched - a distance δ is formed in the direction perpendicular to the plane E between the plane E and the edge region 26. This distance δ corresponds at least essentially to the so-called “release gap” which is formed between the edge region 46 of the reed 4 and the edge region 26 of the opening 24. The size of the distance δ has a particular influence on the response of the reed 4 to air flowing through the opening 24, i.e. on the time between the start of the air flow and the formation of the audible tone.

To form the distance δ, a surface 28 of the reed plate 2 facing the reed 4 has a convex curvature and/or an incline 29. In the preferred embodiment shown, the surface 28 is provided with a slope 29 which adjoins the flat area of the surface 28 via an edge. Alternatively, there could also be a curved transition region or the right section of the surface 28 could have a convex curvature overall.

The distance δ or the size of the release gap is preferably selected in particular depending on the desired target frequency and the rigidity of the reed 4. The distance δ is preferably a maximum of 1.5 mm, particularly preferably a maximum 1.3 mm, for example a maximum of 1.0 mm. Further preferably, the distance δ is at least 0.05 mm, particularly preferably at least 0.1 mm, for example at least 0.3 mm.

The reed plate can - contrary to what is sketched in the figures - have more than one opening. For example, a reed plate can be provided with two openings, each opening being provided for one reed. Accordingly, the reed plate is preferably connected to two reeds, the design of these reeds and their connections to the reed plate being designed in accordance with the above description.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a sound post 6 according to the invention. The sound post 6 has several reed plates 2, 2 'according to the invention. The reed plates 2, 2' are preferably connected to the reed post 6 with a wax 8. Furthermore, screws 10 can be seen here, with which the reeds 4 are fastened flatly to the reed plates 2, 2 '.

Claims (12)

1. A reed plate assembly for a hand-pulled instrument, comprising:

   a reed plate (2) for a hand-pulled instrument, and

   at least one reed (4) which is fixed to the reed plate (2),

   wherein the reed plate (2) and the at least one reed (4) respectively comprise a carbon fiber composite material,

   wherein the reed plate (2) comprises a planar support area (22) extending in a plane (E) for connection to the at least one reed (4), and

   an opening (24) to allow a vibration of the at least one reed (4), wherein the opening (24) extends from the support area (22) along a longitudinal axis (L) up to an edge area (26) of the opening (24) opposite to the support area (22),

   characterized in that

   the reed plate (2) is shaped in such a way that a distance (δ) is formed between the plane (E) and the edge area (26) extending from the reed plate (2) in a direction perpendicular to the plane (E),

   wherein a surface (28) of the reed plate (2) facing to the at least one reed (4) comprises a recess and/or a curvature and/or an inclination (29) to form the distance (δ).
2. The reed plate assembly according to claim 1, wherein the distance (δ) is at most 1.5 mm, preferably at most 1.3 mm, particularly preferably at most 1.0 mm.
3. The reed plate assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distance (δ) is at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, particularly preferably at least 0.3 mm.
4. The reed plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one reed (4) comprises a first region (42) and a second region (44), wherein the first region (42) of the at least one reed (4) is screwed to the reed plate (2) and the second region (44) extends parallel to the longitudinal axis (L).
5. The reed plate according to claim 4, wherein the first region (42) of the at least one reed (4) is screwed to the reed plate (2) in such a way that the first area (42) of the at least one reed (4) contacts the support area (22) of the reed plate (2) in a planar manner.
6. The reed plate assembly according to claim 5, wherein the first region (42) of the at least one reed (4) has a width (b1) measured transverse to the longitudinal axis (L) and the first region (42) of the at least one reed (4) is pressed against the reed plate (2) over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70%, particularly preferably over at least 90% of the width (b1).
7. The reed plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reed plate (2) and the at least one reed (4) are made of the same material.
8. The reed plate assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two reeds (4) attached to the reed plate (2).
9. A sound post assembly for a hand-pulled instrument, comprising

   a sound post (6) and

   a plurality of reed plate assemblies according to any one of the preceding claims, the reed plate assemblies being attached to the sound post (6).
10. The sound post assembly according to claim 9, wherein the sound post (6) comprises a carbon fiber composite material.
11. The sound post assembly according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the sound post (6), the reed plates (2, 2'), and the reeds (4) are made of the same material.
12. A hand-pulled instrument, particularly an accordion, with a plurality of reed plate assemblies according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and/or with a sound post assembly according to any one of claims 9 to 11.

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