CH715803B1 - Hand traction instrument. - Google Patents

Abstract

A manual traction instrument (1) is proposed with an expandable and compressible bellows (2) which is designed to generate an air flow flowing towards the reeds by expansion and compression; and a flow control (4), having a valve arrangement (4a) which is arranged to control the flow of reeds (6) to be flown in accordance with the music, and a flow straightening arrangement (4b) which is arranged to have the same reed flow direction with bellows expansion and with bellows compression to effect; it is provided that the valve arrangement has a number of reed valves, each of which controls a flow of an individual or common reed, and the flow straightening arrangement has a number of valves (4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4) for air flow straightening, the number of Reeds valves is greater than the number of valves for air flow rectification and wherein a group of valves for air flow rectification is assigned to a larger group of reed valves for common rectification of the air flow therethrough so that the air flow through the entirety of all reed valves of the group is jointly rectified .

Description

The present invention relates to what is claimed in the preamble and thus relates to a manual pulling instrument.

Hand traction instruments are known. In a pull-by-hand instrument such as an accordion, a bandoneon, a concertina, etc., there is a bellows that is expanded or compressed by hand. The changing volume within the bellows leads to a flow of air that can be used to flow through the reeds. Such reeds are essentially strips of thin material that are fixed on one side and can swing freely on the side facing away from the fixing. Different reeds are provided for the different pitches or timbres. So that certain reeds, with which a certain tone is to be generated, are actually flown against, each reed is assigned a valve, which in turn can be moved from its normally closed position to an open position by pressing a key or button. It should also be mentioned that with some manual instruments, several reeds can be assigned to a single valve, for example to achieve a fuller sound.

[0003] So that tones can be generated during both the expansion and the compression of the bellows, care must be taken to ensure that the reeds are flowed properly. For this purpose e.g. various valves are provided in the hand traction instrument, which are opened or closed, depending on whether the bellows is expanded or compressed. With these, a uniform flow through the reeds is achieved.

Due to the described principle of hand pull instruments, conventional hand pull instruments are mechanically complex. Many different parts are required, which is very costly due to the complex assembly of many parts, the need to match and match many parts, etc. In addition, the weight of typical manual pull instruments is very high, which can cause considerable problems for physically weak players such as adolescents.

[0005] It is desirable to remedy this at least partially.

There are already considerations to improve hand traction instruments. From DE PS 855 499 a sound post for accordions, harmoniums and the like is known, the sound post should have a pneumatic control, by which only one reed voice is required for each tone of a choir, which is arranged in the sound post so that it is suction - and can respond to compressed air. Such an arrangement has flaps so that the same reeds can be used when the bellows is expanded and compressed.

Such instruments are also still very massive and heavy.

[0008] Reference is also made to the weight of an accordion in DE 101 33 287 A1. It claims that a flat, complete and light structure for an accordion, which is easy to manufacture and is also ergonomically favorable, lacks a suitable actuator for realizing an electrical action. An electromagnetic sleeve valve is proposed in which the sleeves are coils which are intended to slide into one another without iron. With such an arrangement, a valve is to be built in which a window is opened by a correspondingly directed flow. It is acknowledged that the efficiency of the ironless actuator is poor, but that higher currents can be applied, especially since the duty cycle of the sleeve coils is relatively short and the play wind ensures that the actuated sleeve coils are cooled. It is claimed that the sleeve valve described opens up new musical possibilities for the accordion, provided that pressure or other sensors are placed under the buttons and keys and thus each individual tone can be dynamically controlled. The sleeve coils would move in proportion to the current against assigned springs, and only the window would have to be designed accordingly.

The fact that the above-described state of the art with sleeve valves obviously does not solve all problems observed in accordion construction is evident from the fact that, should such musical instruments have found their way into the market, they could not prevail in any case.

[0010] A possible reason for this can be seen in the fact that the previously known arrangement is still too complex and too heavy

There are also already known instruments in which a keystroke is detected electronically and, in response, a sound is generated electronically and output via a loudspeaker. When such instruments are designed as hand-pulled instruments, a pressure difference generated with the bellows can be recorded in order to influence the volume. The sound of such instruments differs significantly from that of conventional instruments and is therefore heavily criticized by professional musicians.

It is desirable to be able to specify a manual traction instrument in which at least some of the problems outlined are at least partially alleviated.

The object of the present invention is to provide something new for commercial use.

[0014] The solution to this problem is claimed in the independent claim. Preferred embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.

According to a first basic idea of the invention, a manual traction instrument with an expandable and compressible bellows, which is designed to generate an air stream flowing towards the reeds by expansion and compression; and a flow control, having a valve arrangement which is arranged to control the flow of reeds to be flown in accordance with the music, and a flow straightening arrangement which is arranged to bring about the same direction of flow of the reed in the case of bellows expansion and in case of bellows compression; proposed, in which it is provided that the valve arrangement has a number of reed valves, each of which controls a flow of a single reed or at most a less common sound, and the flow straightening arrangement has a number of valves for air flow straightening, the number of reeds Valves is greater than the number of valves for air flow rectification and wherein a group of valves for air flow rectification is assigned to a larger group of reed valves for common rectification of the air flow therethrough so that the air flow through the entirety of all reed valves of the group is jointly rectified.

It is thus recognized that it is possible to rectify the air flow with a very small number of air flow valves overall. The small number of air flow valves for air flow rectification and the use of a rectified air flow allows a significant weight reduction.

The use of global valves is possible because the individual valves of the reeds do not have to be operated via a complicated lever mechanism or the like. Rather, it is possible to simplify the control, in particular in such a way that the connections can easily be passed through a partition or the like if necessary. This particularly applies to electrical connections, among other things.

According to the invention, the reed valves are current-operated, whereby they are controlled electronically. However, in principle, e.g. already that a sealing of the bellows volume against the sound post volume or the reed volume is made possible despite a connection between the keyboard and reed valves. This is just as possible by conventional - albeit heavy - metal elements per se as well as by thread and / or rope elements, which can be sealed better than these and are even significantly lighter, which are passed from the keys to the reed valves through or to suitable sealing means; Another and also preferred option is to operate the reed valve with electrical actuators, which allows a particularly simple pressure seal without having to take into account an always relatively complex mechanical connection, which is why such electrical actuators are regularly referred to below. The usability of global air flow valves is therefore possible even if the individual reed valves have to be opened mechanically, but it is nevertheless significantly simplified by controlling the reed valves via electrical lines, because these lines are easily passed through a partition or the like. and are particularly easy to seal without great effort.

In addition, it allows the control of current-operated reed valves, not only to use adapted to the given space, easy-to-install electrical lines that lead from the current-operated reed valves to a suitable controller and from the controller to energy sources such as accumulators or batteries lead to buttons, operating buttons, etc., but also to further simplify the arrangement to such an extent that substantial weight savings are actually possible. Since the invention also allows and favors the use of particularly lightweight materials, this advantage is then also well pronounced.

Typically, through a global arrangement, the air flow can be rectified for all power operated reed valves with the same air flow valves. The global arrangement need not include more than four air flow straightening valves. If necessary, air flow rectifier valves can even be coupled in pairs, which can even reduce the total number of independent valve arrangements to be provided. It should be mentioned, however, that it is preferred to enable a high air flow with only small pressure differences and at the same time to allow the air flow rectifier valves to respond quickly to pressure changes. This makes it advantageous to use several, smaller air flow rectifier valves in parallel to one another, which together offer a large flow area and at the same time respond quickly. Four air flow straightening valve groups are then required. This is the most preferred case; However, it is also possible to assign separate air flow valves for air flow rectification to individual reed valve groups or a smaller group of such reed valves, for example because not all reeds should be arranged close together or the like. Treble and bass reeds can be accommodated at different ends of the bellows. It can therefore be useful to have an air flow rectification at each end of the bellows with e.g. Provide at least four air flow rectifier valves each.

It should be mentioned that the global air flow rectification valves are accordingly arranged so that the reeds no longer sit directly in the expandable or compressible bellows, but are separated therefrom by the air flow rectification valves. This also applies where a plurality of small-area individual air flow valves are provided jointly instead of a large-area respective air flow rectifying valve, even if air flow valve groups that are typically effective together are provided for all reeds.

At the same time, in the preferred manual pulling instrument, not only is the weight reduced, but the instrument per se is also cheaper because a large number of flaps and other mechanisms can be dispensed with. It should be mentioned that, in particular, considerable weight savings are possible even if the at least allegedly particularly light sleeve valves are not used, which in turn leads to battery-operated instruments that the battery can be smaller and therefore lighter for a given playing time.

It will be appreciated that for these reasons alone, the manual traction instrument according to the invention will be particularly advantageous and marketable.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, a plurality of current-operated reed valves are arranged together in a valve block.

The common arrangement of all reed valves in one and the same valve block or the arrangement of at least many reed valves together in a total of only a small number of valve blocks is advantageous because a pre-assembly and review is initially much simplified. Instead of individual electrical contacts, globally usable plugs or the like can now be used, which makes testing and assembly much easier. In particular, it is thus possible to combine the power lines to the respective valves to form a common plug connection, which further simplifies the design and is advantageous during assembly.

It should be mentioned that the block construction of certain components also disclosed here is able to facilitate assembly and also enables the valve blocks and / or reed blocks or valve block-sound block blocks to be traded well individually or together with parts of a control electronics as an accordion component and in a variety of instruments can be installed. The use of valve blocks is therefore also important in that it promotes production and assembly based on the division of labor, as is customary in accordion construction.

Since during assembly only the block must be arranged on a surface behind or in which the reeds can flow, the mechanical assembly of the block is also possible quickly and inexpensively, especially since the area provided between the valve block and its support by the advantageously flat support of the valve block on a substrate per se can be designed very tight. This is particularly true when a plastic that is at least slightly flexible on the bearing surface is used for the valve block and / or additional seals are provided either for each reed or each reed valve individually and / or for the block as a whole. In addition, the arrangement becomes lighter overall.

It is therefore preferred if sealing means are provided on the valve block which enable a seal against the sound post or the individual cockpit. If such sealing means are already provided on the valve block before assembly, a division of labor production of a manual traction instrument is further promoted. In addition to conventional sealing means such as O-rings, the sealing means can in particular be formed by sufficiently soft and / or smooth bearing surfaces or with such.

Per se, in a typical manual pull instrument such as an accordion, the valve which is assigned to a reed is either completely closed when the key is not pressed or completely opened when the key is pressed. This can be imitated with current-operated valves assigned to the reeds, in that the reed valves are either completely open or completely closed; typically the reed valve is only energized to move it into the open position. However, the invention enables the transition between the open and closed position to be designed very precisely, which is advantageous for a natural feeling of play. It is therefore also felt to be very advantageous if the reed valves in the present invention do not simply switch between open and closed positions, but move in a more defined manner from a rest position to a certain excited position, for example from the closed to a certain open state can be. This also offers advantages for the number of hand pull instrument players with only average talent, because it avoids a sudden on / off or open / close control of the hand pull instrument in a manner perceived as undefined and the sound response or the transient response by the Musicians cannot be influenced. With more talented amateurs and professional musicians, it is generally felt to be desirable anyway that the music-making person can be given the impression over wide areas of the valve lift movement that they control valves in a natural way, that is, in particular, not purely based on thresholds. This gives an overall more natural feeling when playing because, in particular, the feeling, the articulation, the softness, hard staccatos etc. can be better controlled. It is therefore possible to allow the player the same control of the tone valve movements as with a purely mechanical performance action and thus, as with direct mechanical control of the tone valve movements, also to allow a particularly differentiated articulation of the music being played.

Moreover, even then, it is not necessary for the reed valves to be opened or closed completely linearly; Advantages already result when there is a constant force-displacement behavior, that is, sufficient linearity, over essential parts of the stroke. This will be the case in particular where the deviations from a linear force-displacement curve over at least 50% of the actuation range, which in practice is required for complete opening from the rest position, do not differ by more than 5%; or do not deviate more than 10% from such a linear force-displacement curve, in particular if a deviation from a linear force-displacement curve there is not greater than 12% for at least 2/3 of the actuation range; it is preferred if there is no more than 10% deviation from linearity for at least 75% of the required operating range, and in particular no more than 5% linearity deviation can be observed over at least 85% of the operating range. It should be mentioned that a non-linear course can be implemented. It can thus be used in particular to respond to the wishes of musicians who want an instrument that is as precisely appealing as possible.

It will be appreciated that linear actuation areas are usually either centered around an often clearly defined opening and closing point, or at least enclose them. As an opening and closing point, e.g. That point should be understood at which a reed does not swing in more than 1.5 times the time that is still required to end the swing-in process even when it is fully open. The transient process can be regarded as ended when the volume has risen to at least 80% of the volume of a tone that was finally reached when the valve was fully opened. Other closing point definitions are also easily possible, e.g. regarding the settling time ratio and final volume. It will also have to be assessed that advantages are already obtained where there is at least a rudimentary linearity over at least a sufficiently large operating range. The advantages of linear actuation over a large area become more pronounced when this area becomes particularly large, although hardly any additional advantages are achieved by a force-displacement curve that is linear over almost 100% of the actuation area, which is why the effort required for this is unnecessary. Typically less than 99%, in particular less than 95%, of the actuation range will have a linear force-displacement curve with a deviation from linearity of better than 5%. The improvement in gaming behavior that can still be achieved is considerable.

It should be mentioned that alinearities, in particular between keystrokes and the associated sensor signals or between keystrokes and the valve opening width, can be compensated by software, specifically also for each key-valve combination individually.

It should be mentioned that it is possible, in particular by appropriate programming of a digital controller or the provision of look-up tables or implementation of linearization functions, to obtain a valve actuation that responds linearly to a key actuation. That there is also the possibility of providing a respective keyboard for both the left and right hand, be it as a button keyboard or as a keyboard keyboard and / or that both chords and single tones, optionally selectable, can be generated at the touch of a button can, should be mentioned. The structural design of the hand traction instrument gains considerably in flexibility. In typical hand-operated instruments, a keyboard-like keyboard is often provided parallel to the direction in which the bellows are pulled. This arrangement has its reason in conventional instruments in the need to provide mechanical connections between keys and reed keys. With the present invention, this need is eliminated and more ergonomic key arrangements are made possible, in particular a keyboard-like keyboard perpendicular to the direction of pulling the bellows. Ergonomic hand-held instruments of this type are particularly preferred where players do not have to get used to, but can use the keyboard in the early phases of practice, or where professional players experience health problems due to the conventional hand position.

A particularly preferred variant of the design of actuators for reed valves consists in plunger coils that are excited to move magnets therein, i. the coils are stationary and the magnets “immersed” in them are moved. With this configuration, not only can sufficiently light valve arrangements be built, but the advantageous linearity can also be implemented particularly well. The use of strong magnets such as neodymium magnets etc. allows the actuation of even very tightly closing valves, in spite of the structurally smaller and thus lightweight construction. an actuation of valves with a large closing force.

It should be mentioned that in particular the use of plunger coils is advantageous because with these the crosstalk between valves is particularly low, so that a close integration of valves next to each other is possible, which in the same space the use of more registers, a more extensive one Frequency range or, with a given number of tones, a reduction in size or weight reduction is permitted.

In a preferred variant, at least the majority of the power-operated reed valves are designed as flap valves; Typically, all reed valves are also formed identically, that is, in a typical manual pull instrument, all power-operated reed valves are formed as flap valves. The design as flap valves is structurally easy to implement, enables a sufficiently large opening for the air volumes required for sound generation with a comparatively low required stroke of the reed valve flaps and ensures a high durability and resistance of the dynamically moved valves. This contributes to the long service life of the hand traction instruments.

The flaps can be clamped on one side, in particular pre-assembled in the valve block, so that the flaps and valves are assembled together. They can be moved out of their (normally closed) rest position with actuators, in particular moving coil actuators.

It is typically sufficient to design the reed valve flaps so that they remain closed against a bellows pressure below 40 mbar pressure difference, the current-operated reed valve actuators typically being so strong and excitable with such large currents that they open the opening the valve flaps are also able to withstand a pressure of up to 3 bar. These pressures allow the hand-held instrument to be played properly even where high pressures are required at times, for example to simultaneously excite a large number of tones.

In a typical variant, only two global air flow flaps or valve pairs are provided for the air flow rectification of the play wind, which together rectify the play wind for all reeds present in the manual pull instrument. This only small number of air flow rectification valves is on the one hand easily sufficient; on the other hand, the construction is simplified by the small number of air flow valves and the instrument can again be made very light. The air flow rectification valves could be controlled by means of an electrical actuator in response to an overpressure or underpressure detected in the bellows; However, it is simpler and particularly preferred if they react to it purely mechanically, for which purpose they e.g. can be designed as diaphragm valves that respond easily to pressure differences.

It has already been pointed out that linear actuation of the current-actuated reed valves is advantageous. In principle, it is beneficial if there is a very clear relationship between the force applied by an actuator and the travel of the actuator, as described above for the force-travel curve. This facilitates the manufacture of the manual traction instrument in particular where linear adjustment is desired, but on the other hand the effort for linearizing each individual power-operated reed valve is to be kept as low as possible. It should be mentioned, however, that deviations in the reaction to a pushbutton actuation in the valve control from a linear reaction can be at least partially compensated electronically. This is made possible by a valve control which is designed for a linear adjustment of the current-operated reed valves.

While it would in principle be possible to record and process the signals of an electronic push button or a push button that must be operated to actuate the valve, in a preferred variant, an analog-to-digital converter is used that provides multi-stage detection the pushbutton actuation allows, for example in 64, preferably at least 128 steps. In this way, a pure open position of the push button can be distinguished from a pure closed position in more than two stages, and dynamic behavior can also be recorded, i.e. it can be recognized whether a button is pressed slowly or quickly, which can be used if necessary, in order to feed a larger excitation current to a current-operated reed valve when the button is pressed quickly and thus to effect an even faster opening.

The pushbuttons or pushbuttons that are to be actuated by the musician on the manual pull instrument so that the current-operated reed valves open or close can in particular be magnetic, optical, gyroscopic and / or tachymetric sensors.

Even with manual instruments with a large range and / or many different registers, it is usually not necessary to assign a dedicated dedicated analog-to-digital converter to each pushbutton, each pushbutton or the associated sensors in order to actuate the momentary pushbutton capture. Even with fast playing (Presto), short notes such as sixteenths or thirty-second notes, which many musicians push to the limits of their musical abilities, especially with fast pieces with difficult pitch, a hand-drawn instrument with a large pitch range of, for example, 4 octaves and the desire to push a push button several times each Query sound, ie To determine the degree of actuation per pause or per note several times, conventional analog-digital converters are sufficient, because sufficiently linear analog-digital converters (ADC) with better than 1% linearity, for example 8-bit converters, or 10-bit converters, are available very inexpensively at low prices with conversion frequencies of 10-100 kHz or above.

Each individual key can accordingly be queried with at least 5 Hz without any particular problems, for which purpose the corresponding push-button sensor signals can be fed to the ADC using the round robin method. In a practical embodiment, each key stroke is queried at approx. 30 Hz, i.e. digitized. It should be mentioned that it is nevertheless plausibly possible to provide several analog-digital converters in a hand-operated instrument for querying the pushbutton sensors, either to reduce the effort involved in forwarding signals, i.e. fewer pushbuttons successively with one and the same To scan ADC and / or to ensure a fail-safe training, which can be of interest in particular with high-quality concert instruments. It should also be mentioned that, in addition to multiplexers, suitable signal conditioning circuits can be provided between the pushbutton sensors and the analog-digital converter, for example drivers, amplifiers and so on.

It is possible, but not necessary, to design the pushbuttons like a keyboard; rather, there is also the possibility of providing a button-like operation of the manual traction instrument at least on one side of the bellows. It should be mentioned in this regard that a particularly natural, accustomed feeling of play is obtained if the weight distribution of the hand-pull instrument - albeit much lighter overall thanks to the invention - corresponds at least approximately to the weight distribution that a conventional hand-pull instrument, as known in the prior art, has . Accordingly, reed blocks, valve blocks, etc. can be installed (approximately) where the functionally corresponding elements such as keys and reed plates - relative to the center of gravity - are also arranged in a conventional instrument.

If the manual pull instrument of the present invention is to be operated autonomously, ie independent of the mains, and batteries are required for this, they can either be arranged separately from the manual pull instrument, with the musician wearing them in a belt holster, which has the advantage that the corresponding Mass does not have to be moved by the hands when playing, or the batteries are housed in the instrument, which simplifies the construction, avoids problems due to interruption of the electrical connection and so on. It is then possible to arrange the battery on or in the manual pull instrument in such a way that a feel is obtained which is as close as possible to the feel obtained with a conventional manual pull instrument.

It should be mentioned that, in a preferred variant, the batteries are easily exchangeable and, moreover, are preferably rechargeable, for example via a conventional USB interface. It should also be mentioned that the low power consumption of the power-operated reed valves enables long-term music-making without problems with the power supply, even with light batteries. A power supply unit can also be accommodated in the instrument itself. In addition, it should be pointed out that the considerable movement of the hand traction instrument when playing can also be used without further ado to enable energy harvesting, if necessary with intermediate storage of the energy thus obtained. This is also thanks to the fact that the arrangement requires little energy.

As mentioned, it is advantageous if the control takes place overall in such a way that a linear response of the valve opening to an actuation of a pushbutton takes place. Although this can be achieved with any suitable low-frequency currents of suitable strength, it should be mentioned that a particularly advantageous method of controlling the valves accordingly consists in generating a pulse-width-modulated current through the valves. It has already been indicated that, due to the limited playing speed of even virtuoso musicians, the tone sequence of a hand-drawn instrument lags behind the clock speeds that can be easily achieved with electronic circuits. Even with extremely fast playing, the individual tone will accordingly have a certain minimum duration, typically at least between a fifth and a tenth of a second. It is possible, regardless of the fact that the current coils present in current-operated reed valves have a certain inductance, which counteract a rapid change in the current flowing through them, to provide a pulse width modulation, i.e. the valve opening time through the coil, for example, during a tenth of a second of the valve still to modulate the current flowing during this time. This improves the possibilities for achieving a linear response.

The electronic control of the valves, in particular the digital electronic control of the valves, also allows to simplify the game and / or to improve the sound generation. It is thus easily possible to couple several registers with one another in the electronic control, i.e. to provide a generation of tones of the same pitch, but different timbre, or to make additional tones sound simultaneously when playing a tone in a fixedly predetermined manner by opening the corresponding valve flaps.

In addition, a certain technical behavior can also be guaranteed. The vibrational behavior of the tongues, with which different tones or sounds are generated, is obviously different from one another. The difference is not only the frequency (or the frequency spectrum) with which the tongue vibrates when excited by the air stream, but also the time it takes for a tongue that is initially at rest to fully settle in and generate a certain tone. In other words, the transient behavior differs with different reeds. This can lead to the fact that when keys are pressed exactly at the same time in conventional conventional instruments, the tones sound with an, albeit slight, perceptible time delay. The present invention allows this to be corrected by implementing a tone-dependent time offset and / or a tone-dependent reed valve opening behavior. If necessary, instead of and / or in addition to a linearization of the reed valve opening behavior when a button is pressed, the response behavior e.g. optimized at settling. In addition, it is clear that the multi-level query of the key press (i.e. through resolution with several bits) can result in a reaction to the key press that is perceived as very precise and even where there are no further measures such as the implementation of a tone-dependent time offset or a tone-dependent reed valve -Opening behavior and without a highly linear opening behavior can be implemented as a very precise and reproducible playing behavior that comes very close to that of a mechanical instrument. It should be mentioned that at the same time particularly preferred, non-linear responses can be implemented.

This on the one hand simplifies getting used to a hand-pulled instrument according to the invention, because it must be anticipated that each instrument will have slightly different transient delays for each tone; by the invention e.g. a particularly neutral behavior is guaranteed; on the other hand, the operation of the instrument is made significantly easier for less experienced, for example amateur musicians, because a very precise tone generation behavior is achieved in this way.

The adaptation of tongues that oscillate at different speeds is particularly advantageous where tongues are used whose transient behavior differs from that of conventional (metal) tongues, for example by using a fiber-reinforced plastic reed arrangement. It should be mentioned here that, if necessary, not only a simultaneous oscillation has to be simulated or achieved, but also the non-simultaneous oscillation of metal reeds could possibly be simulated.

The use of fiber-reinforced plastic reed assemblies is also advantageous because their thermal expansion is less than that of metal reeds, which means that the size of the gap between the vibrating reed and the plate carrying it changes less with changing temperature. With conventional instruments, which can be expected to be played both in cool weather, such as in winter when there is frost at Christmas markets, as well as outdoors in summer heat, the gap must be chosen so that it will strike even in extreme temperatures the tongue on the reedplate is safely avoided. The plastic or carbon tuning tongue with a lower temperature expansion can accordingly be formed with a smaller gap. The gap dimension can then also be optimized in such a way that both a practically simultaneous starting and ending as well as the same volume or the same volume perception for different pitches can be achieved. It should be pointed out that fiber-reinforced plastic reed arrangements also provide increased corrosion resistance, which also has a particularly positive effect where the instrument is used under often and / or strongly changing environmental conditions.

It is preferred if the gap dimensions of a plastic reed or, in particular, a fiber-reinforced plastic reed, in particular a carbon fiber reed arrangement, are matched so that the reeds of different pitches start to oscillate simultaneously with the same air pressure and simultaneous actuation or with no more than 10 ms , preferably less than 5 ms, particularly preferably less than 3 ms time offset. The width of the reeds can also be chosen so that the reeds will have the same volume. The same volume can be assumed if the volume difference is so small that the sound pressure difference for different tones is below 3 dB, preferably below 1.5 dB, in particular below 0.5 dB sound pressure difference, in each case with the same air flow strength.

The fact that such a reed arrangement is intended and particularly suitable for the manual traction instrument according to the invention is readily apparent from the above.

In a particularly preferred variant, the plastic reed assembly is produced using at least one of the methods 3-D printing, pressing, transfer molding, modified vacuum infusion methods (MVI), vacuum-assisted resin injection (VARI), injection molding and / or cutting methods. The reed arrangement can therefore easily be produced fiber-reinforced using modern manufacturing processes. The same also applies to the valve block carrier, in which the actuators, valve flaps and so on are used. It is possible to manufacture the valve block from fiber-reinforced plastics, in particular with carbon fiber materials, and to use parts therein, such as metal valve flaps and / or the electromagnetic actuators, which are not made from fiber-reinforced plastics. It should be mentioned, however, that valve flaps in particular can also be formed from fiber-reinforced plastics. This also applies in particular to the global air flow rectification valves which are assigned to all or to a large number of electrically excited reed valves.

It is also possible to compensate for a bellows pressure that fluctuates during play. Especially with beginners, it can happen that they operate the bellows very unevenly and thus greater pressure fluctuations occur in the bellows than desired. This can be compensated for by an additional discharge or inlet valve without an associated reed, in order to smooth out at least some of the pressure variations.

It should be mentioned that when the valves are opened to an expected target bellows overpressure or underpressure, and this is particularly advantageous for inexperienced players. In a preferred variant, a pressure sensor is therefore provided for detecting changes in pressure in the bellows, with which it is especially detected whether the bellows is currently being compressed or expanded. A pressure sensor can be provided, which is used on the basis of the pure pressure fluctuations recorded in the bellows in order to detect expansion or compression; alternatively and / or additionally, a pressure difference against the external pressure can be recorded.

It is also possible, in addition to or instead of a pressure sensor, to detect the movements associated with the movement of the bellows. In particular, accelerometers, in particular triaxial accelerometers, can be arranged in parts of the manual traction instrument that are distant from one another, with which it is detected whether the distant parts are moving towards or away from one another, which indicates a compression or expansion of the bellows.

The fact that control of the valves makes it possible to support an inexperienced player up to the almost complete reproduction of recorded pieces by at least the opening of the reed valves being preprogrammed and the player only having to operate the bellows should be mentioned as well as the possibility of to ensure partial support, for example by switching registers (automatically), particularly fast sequences, cadences, etc. can be called up, a melody is transposed and / or the playing styles of experienced players can be recorded and possibly saved. Conventional interfaces such as MIDI interfaces can be used for this purpose. It should be mentioned that, if necessary, the instrument can be addressed wirelessly via Bluetooth and / or WLAN or the like. It is also possible to transmit the actual key press live to a unit separate from the accordion, possibly together with signals related to the bellows movement or compression / expansion, such as pressure sensor signals, in order to determine and / or reproduce sounds from them via a PA system or the like. or suitable microphones for recording the reed vibrations can be provided in or on the instrument. It should also be mentioned that, if necessary, a secondary valve can be opened while the reed valves remain closed and only the key actuation and bellows actuation are recorded. Suitable sounds can then be synthesized from this, which enables silent playing, for example for night practice without disturbing neighbors or roommates.

It should be mentioned that the additional possibility of synthetic sound generation in response to keystrokes and bellows movements or the like, which is advantageous but not mandatory, is only used as an auxiliary additional use, it being evident that sound differences arise even with high-quality sound synthesis a sound generation by means of reeds occur; In this respect, it is advantageous to offer this only as an additional option, but for this purpose in particular the different air flow through one or more reed-free passage valves can be simulated, which are opened wide according to the number of tones to be simulated at the moment.

It should also be mentioned that it is possible to bring about a (further) weight saving through a suitable choice of bellows materials and / or other components such as the key-carrying parts of the accordion or hand-held instrument. It is also advantageous in the instrument according to the invention that, due to the electromagnetic actuators, the opening of the reed valves, unlike what is observed in traditionally built instruments, does not have to depend on the pressure difference in the bellows. In particular, the phenomenon that can be observed with conventional instruments can be avoided that, when the air pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure when the valves are closed, the wind resistance increases briefly when the valve is opened when the pressure drops or rises. In other words, it is avoided that when the bellows movement changes between compression and expansion, an increase in wind resistance has a negative effect.

It should also be mentioned that a signal transmission between the keys or a control that records digitally key signals and the actuators or an actuator control that is then separate from the key control can also be carried out inductively, via short-range radio signals such as NFC, but also Bluetooth etc. or optically via a transparent window. This has the advantage that only a power supply has to be made possible in the valve chamber, for example through a battery compartment that can be opened, and no further bushings are required.

The invention is described in the following only by way of example with reference to the drawing. This is represented by: <tb> Fig. 1a <SEP> shows a hand traction instrument of the present invention; <tb> Fig. 1b <SEP> is a schematic view of a first alternative hand traction instrument of the present invention; <tb> Fig. 1c <SEP> schematic views of a further, alternative manual traction instrument of the present invention; <tb> Fig. 2 <SEP> a current-operated reed valve with a leaf valve spring which is preferred but not mandatory for the invention; <tb> Fig. 3 <SEP> a valve block of power operated reed valves; <tb> Fig. 4 <SEP> is a detailed sectional view of a power operated reed actuator; <tb> Fig. 5 <SEP> is a block diagram to explain the relationship between actuation of a manual pull instrument key and the current-actuated reed valve actuation; <tb> Fig. 6 <SEP> shows a block diagram for the control of a manual traction instrument according to the invention; <tb> Fig. 7 <SEP> an illustration of a key which can be used for a manual traction instrument according to the invention; <tb> Fig. 8 <SEP> another representation of a suitable key.

According to FIG. 1, a manual traction instrument 1, generally designated 1, comprises an expandable and compressible bellows 2, which is designed to generate an air flow, indicated by the arrows 3 or 3 ', by expansion and compression, as well as having a flow control 4 a valve arrangement 4a, which is arranged to control the flow strength of the reeds 6 to be flown in accordance with the music, and a flow straightening arrangement 4b, which is arranged to cause the same reed flow direction with bellows expansion and with beam compression, the valve arrangement 4a having a number of current-operated reed valves, cf. . Figures 2, 3 and 4, which each control a flow of a single or at best less sound-related incoming reeds, and the flow straightening arrangement has a number of air flow straightening valves 4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4 formed here as flaps, the number of reed valves 4a1 to 4a16, cf. Figure 3, is larger than the number of air flow rectification valves 4b1 to 4b4 for air flow rectification and wherein a group of valves for air flow rectification 4b1 to 4b4 is assigned to a larger group 4a1 to 4a16 flow-actuated reed valves for common rectification of the air flow through there so that the air flow is mutually rectified by the entirety of all reed valves 4a1 to 4a16 of the group.

It should be mentioned that the air flow rectification valves 4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4 in Fig. 1 are formed as flaps, because the mode of operation can be recognized particularly easily, but that flaps hinged on one side do not necessarily have to be used, but other valves such as Diaphragm valves or the like. Can be used.

In the present example, a valve block with only 16 valves that control the air flow through respective reeds in a flow-actuated manner is shown in FIG. 3, all 16 reed valves of the valve block 4a being assigned to the flow straightening arrangement, which only require four air flow straightening valves for air flow straightening . The number of air flow rectification valves for air flow rectification is therefore smaller than the number of current-actuated reed valves in the valve block for the current-actuated reed valves through which air flows in the same direction. It will be appreciated that several valve blocks of the type 4a shown in FIG. 3 can be accommodated in the flow control 4 together with the associated reeds 6 and / or that the valve blocks 4 can be selected to be significantly larger than shown.

In the illustrated embodiment, the hand pull instrument 1 is an accordion 1 which has buttons 7a1 to 7an or 7an + 1 to 7am on the opposite side, which are only symbolically shown at both ends. It should be noted that the present invention makes it particularly easy to select a keyboard arrangement that differs from the arrangement on conventional hand-operated instruments. In particular, the keyboard can be designed as a keyboard without any structural disadvantages and not, as is conventional, generally parallel to the direction of pulling the bellows, but rather transversely to it.

The ends of the bellows are connected airtightly in such a way that air can flow into the bellows inner volume 2a through an inlet opening 2b or can flow out of it. The flow control 4 with the 4 air flow rectification valves 4b1 to 4b4 is provided between the inner bellows volume 2a and the air outflow opening 2b. These air flow rectification valves are arranged in pairs in such a way that in the event of excess pressure in the interior of the bellows, i.e. when the bellows 2 is compressed, the air flow valve 4b1 and the air flow valve 4b4 open, but the air flow rectification valves 4b2 and 4b3 are closed, which means that the air flow 3 'flows in one direction through the reeds leaves. On the other hand, when there is negative pressure in the bellows interior 2a, i.e. when the bellows is expanding, the air flow rectification valves 4b1 and 4b4 are closed, but the air flow rectification valves 4b3 and 4b2 are open, so that an inlet flow into the bellows interior 2a is generated that also flows through the reeds in the direction of the air flow 3 '. A total of only 4 air flow straightening valves are therefore required for air flow straightening, with all reeds and the associated current-operated valves being arranged in the flow control space 4c.

In the interior of the bellows there is also a pressure sensor P, cf. Reference number 8 is provided, the signals of which (not shown in the schematic representation of FIG. 1) are fed to a controller and used there, as will be described below. It should be mentioned that the pressure sensor as well as the use of the signals generated with it is optional.

The hand traction instrument is lightweight and, in the present exemplary embodiment, can be used in a mobile and autonomous manner, for which purpose an energy supply in the form of a rechargeable battery (not shown) is provided.

The reeds or reed plate arrangements are formed in the present case as carbon fiber reed arrangements so that the gap between (carbon fiber) reeds and the surrounding (carbon fiber) carrier plate is sufficient to ensure that the tongue hits the carrier even with large temperature fluctuations to prevent, at the same time the gap dimensions for reeds of different tones or timbres are chosen so that the same transient behavior results for all tones with the same air pressure difference across the reed plate and the fiber-reinforced reed plates are dimensioned so that an equal volume perception for everyone Tones is achieved. It should be noted that the low thermal expansion of carbon fiber reeds and carbon fiber carrier plates allows the gaps between reeds and reed plates to be selected very small. This gap dimension is often decisive for the quality of the reed arrangement, because small gap dimensions mean that a smaller air flow is sufficient to achieve a given oscillation. It should be mentioned that the reeds can be slightly curved in order to facilitate loosening from the plane of the reed plate by creating a so-called release gap.

The bellows 2 is conventional per se, wherein, as described, the reed arrangement is not arranged directly open to the bellows space 2.

The valve arrangement of the valves combined in the valve block 4a, cf. FIG. 3 is such that an air channel 4alb is provided for the air flow through a reed arrangement (not shown in FIG. 2 but to be mounted below the valve arrangement). This is closed by a normally closed reed valve spring 4alc, which can be moved from its rest position, in which it closes the air duct 4alb, as indicated by arrow 9, into an open position 4a1c ', with a plunger 4ald, which is only shown in the figure is shown extended in the excited position and is movable by means of a plunger coil 4a1e. The leaf spring valve flap 4alc is not firmly connected to the end of the tappet 4ald, but can simply press against it.

The moving coil 4ale is shown in more detail in FIG. There, reference number 4a1e1 shows the ferromagnetic core and 4a1e2 the permanent magnet which is movable therein and is made of neodymium, for example. 4ale3 shows a ferromagnetic rotor which can be moved to or fro in the direction of arrow A when the windings 4ale5 are excited. Reference number 4a1e4 denotes a plain bearing bushing, which reduces the friction losses during the back and forth movement of the ferromagnetic rotor 4ale3, so that the latter is due to the force of the leaf spring valve flap 4a1c, which wants to pivot back into its rest position, i.e. the closed position, and thus one through to the opening of the valve the current flowing through the windings 4a1e5 counteracts the force generated, which means that no countercurrent has to be applied to the coil in order to move the ferromagnetic rotor back when a current exciting the opening has ended. On the side of the plunger 4alc or pin 4a1c, a further ferromagnetic rotor 4ale6 is provided, which has a hole for the pin.

It will be appreciated that this arrangement is lightweight, is able to generate large forces with low currents, and does not lead to disruptive crosstalk even when many valves are arranged close together, as shown by way of example in FIG. 3 for a comparatively small valve block. is highly dynamic and ensures permanent functioning of a manual pull instrument according to the invention. In addition, assembly is simplified.

The leaf spring valve flap is supported on the valve block 4a below and offset to the front in the plunger excitation direction, cf. 4a1f, and bent in such a way that a sufficiently strong contact with the valve block is guaranteed. In Fig. 2 both end positions of the leaf spring valve flap movement are shown at the same time.

In the preferred exemplary embodiment shown, the valve block 4a is made of plastic. The fact that production using injection molding is possible in large quantities should also be mentioned, as is possible production using 3D printing processes.

In order to determine whether a specific, current-operated valve should be excited momentarily or how strongly a valve should be excited, an arrangement as shown schematically in FIG. 5 can be used. This arrangement of FIG. 5 will first be described before details are explained with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

According to FIG. 5, a button 7a1 is provided, which is formed in such a way that it is not only possible to detect whether the button is pressed or not, but also how hard the button is currently being pressed can be detected. The strength with which the button 7a1 is pressed is detected by detecting a corresponding electrical signal, symbolized as 7alb, in the analog-to-digital converter 7alc, which is able to use a frequency of over 20 Hz for each button, here e.g. approx.30Hz for each key, and a resolution better than 8 bits, here e.g. of 12 bit to detect whether and how hard the key is currently pressed. It should be mentioned that an analog-to-digital converter for detecting the strength with which is pressed can be assigned jointly to several keys, in which case a multiplexer is set between the keys 7a1-7an and the analog-to-digital converter 7a1c in particular, in turn, to detect the strength with which the individual keys are pressed. It should be mentioned that, if necessary, those keys that are currently being pressed a little, but only with little force to a state that may still be assessed as closed, can be scanned more frequently for a certain time or until they drop below a threshold again, if necessary.

The signals from the analog-to-digital converter 7ac are fed to a real-time digital signal processing unit 7ald (micro controller unit, MCU). Instead of a microcontroller, another digital signal processing device such as an FPGA, DSP or the like could also be used. The keystroke signals received from the analog-digital converter are read into the microcontroller 7al d and, in particular, are first linearized, i.e. an offset can be deducted and / or a linearization can be carried out. Thereafter, in response to the correspondingly corrected values, an output signal corresponding to a particular desired tone or, with appropriate programming, corresponding to a desired multi-tone sound can be output. For this purpose, a table can be used in particular, in which each input signal from a given key 7 to an individual tone or sound, i.e. is assigned to several reeds that resonate together. The microcontroller unit then outputs output signals from which it can be seen which reed valves assigned to the reeds are to be excited with what strength to open the associated valve flap.

The corresponding signals, typically output digitally from the microcontroller unit, must then be converted in such a way that the associated actuators to be excited are excited. In a typical instrument according to the present invention, there are about 250 actuators. It is possible to only issue signals cyclically for those actuators whose required excitation has changed since the last cycle and / or to issue only those activation signals that are above a certain threshold. The corresponding digital signals can be converted in particular with a pulse width modulation method in such a way that a respective analog excitation signal results for each individual power-operated reed valve.

In FIG. 5 it is shown roughly schematically how the microcontroller unit 7ald is arranged between the analog-digital converter and the pulse width modulation unit.

FIG. 6 shows in a somewhat larger overview how the microcontroller unit is arranged between the sensor system and the pulse width modulation unit 7ale for controlling the valves 4a and, by way of example, which other elements are sensibly provided. It should be mentioned that the sensor system includes key pressure sensors, signal conditioning stages, A / D converters, pressure or acceleration sensors, etc. assigned to the keys.

The microcontroller 7ald is assigned in particular an energy supply 7a1d1 which is sufficient to supply the entire manual instrument with electrical power for a sufficiently long period of time. The energy supply can be implemented by an accumulator, a power supply unit or a combination of both. The microcontroller 7ald also has, in a preferred exemplary embodiment, an interface 7ald2, via which it communicates with a user interface 7ald3, with a control app 7ald4, which is in particular web-based and e.g. firmware and the like can be updated, and can communicate with a MIDI interface 7ald5 and other device interfaces 7ald6 in order, for example, to control a PA system, Bluetooth loudspeakers and the like or to output signals there. The corresponding individual interfaces can communicate with the microcontroller interface 7ald2 via a system interface 7ald7, which in particular also allows visualization and configuration, etc.

It will be appreciated that the microcontroller 7 can thus be controlled and used in such a way that the functionality is considerably expanded.

In order to use this arrangement with keys that do not simply deliver a binary on / off or open / close signal, a key arrangement as shown in FIG. 7 can be used in particular. According to FIG. 7, 7a1I represents a base mounting plate for the button 7a1, in which a plain bearing bush 7a1II is let through, through which a threaded pin 7a1III can be moved. The threaded pin 7a1III is connected to a head 7a1IV on the user side, the head being spring-preloaded into a non-actuated rest position by a spring holder with end stop 7a1V. At the same time, an end stop 7a1VI is provided on which a support surface 7a1Va rests when the button is pressed in sufficiently deeply. The threaded pin 7alIII is provided at its end facing away from the actuation end with a reflector 7a1VII which is opposite an (infrared) IR distance sensor 7a1 VIII, which in turn is arranged on a circuit board 7a1IX. With this arrangement it is possible to detect the pressing of the button with spatial resolution by determining the IR reflection signal. It should be mentioned that other key arrangements may be used that spring differently, scan differently, etc.

The keys can be made more compact if the IR reflector and the associated IR distance sensor are not arranged below the key but next to the key, as can be seen in FIG. It should be mentioned that the key is also moved resiliently into an unpressed position in FIG. It can be seen from FIG. 8 that pressing the button according to FIG. 8 leads to a distance between the IR sensor and reflector, while in FIG. 7 pressing the button leads to an approach between the sensor and reflector. The different signal courses can easily be corrected or taken into account by the microcontroller unit in an illuminating manner. In particular, it is possible, if necessary, to combine both types of keys in one and the same instrument. The mechanical structure of the keys and the associated sensors are advantageous because they are light, small and reliable, but it is not mandatory and other keys with corresponding properties could be provided. Reference is made, for example, to known keyboard keys of electric pianos, etc. In addition, it should be pointed out that precisely the use of electronic keys allows optimization from an ergonomic point of view free of the limitations of purely mechanical hand-operated instruments.

It should be mentioned that the signals from the pressure sensor 8 within the bellows or from the pressure difference sensor 8, which compares the internal pressure of the bellows with the pressure of the outside atmosphere, are fed to the microcontroller unit of FIG. 6 as an input signal from the sensor system so that the microcontroller is able to open the valves 4a in such a way that, when the button is pressed, it may be independent of the actual pressure inside the bellows and / or independent of the number of currently open reed valves and / or independent of, in particular, inexperienced If the bellows pressure fluctuations are likely to result in a constant volume for players.

The hand traction instrument of the present invention is used as follows: <tb> <SEP> First of all, the manual traction instrument is switched on. After a short initialization phase (comparable to booting a computer) the device is immediately ready to play. This boot phase can be so short that it is not noticeable to the user.

The user will then first expand the bellows. During this expansion movement, air flows through the air flow rectification valves 4b3, if the air flow valve 4b4 is closed, through the reeds 6 if necessary, and the valves 4a via the air flow valve 4b2, if the air flow valve 4b1 is closed, into the bellows chamber 2. At the same time, the user activates one or more of the buttons 7a1 to Press 7am. The strength with which each key is pressed is queried in turn with a high repetition rate, so that the key pressure of each key is queried several times during every tenth of a second.

If it is determined that one of the keys is pressed so far that the pressure is significantly above a threshold value, the microcontroller determines a target opening corresponding to the key press for one or more reed valves and a corresponding output signal for the pulse widths -Modulation unit PWM given so that the corresponding reed valve arrangements are excited as required by feeding pulse-width modulated excitation currents. This leads to the fact that the corresponding valves open and air then flows through the corresponding reed or the corresponding reeds and thereby one or more tones are generated that are easily audible for the player and the audience and are judged to be natural and melodious.

The pressed keys can be changed during the bellows expansion as required for music production, and if the musician finds that the bellows is expanded sufficiently and should now be compressed again, he will reverse the movement of the bellows so that now the Air flow straightening valves 4b2 and 4b3 close and air flow straightening valves 4b1 and 4b4 open, causing air to continue to flow in the same direction across the reeds regardless of the reverse movement of the bellows. Since the instrument is quite light, despite the fact that the battery is chosen so that it can be used continuously without changing even during long concerts, the musician will be able to play the instrument for a long time without getting tired.

Irrespective of the lower weight and the electrical excitation of the reed valves, this results in a playing behavior that is also obtained with professional, purely mechanical hand-pulled instruments, and all possibilities for influencing the sound of a professional instrument are obtained.

It should be emphasized that, compared to the arrangement shown, variations are possible, in particular to improve the sound. It should be noted that the location of the air flow rectifying valves can affect the sound perceived by a listener. It should be pointed out that significant parts of the sound pass through the open valves of the air flow straightening arrangement and through air intake / outlet openings from the instrument. With the present invention, this opens up the possibility of influencing the sound emitted.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1a, e.g. As can be seen, the sound paths vary in length when pushing and pulling, which can lead to (albeit possibly only minor) sound differences when pushing and pulling. In addition, the sound is emitted downwards or upwards, especially for higher-frequency sound components, depending on the orientation of the air intake / outlet duct. It should be noted that the elongated air duct can also result in bass reflex-like elevations in low-frequency sound components. Such peaks are often desirable because higher frequency components can contribute to an unpleasant sound. It should be mentioned that a corresponding vote is possible.

An alternative arrangement of the sound post is shown in Fig. 1b. In Fig. 1b it is shown where the player is during the hand pull instrument game and the sound post with the air flow straightening arrangement is shown schematically, with the suction (pull) and squeeze (pressure) phase of the bellows expansion - / - compression in the two parts of the picture are illustrated. The valve block itself is not shown. As can be seen, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 1b, the sound is directed towards the audience when the bellows are compressed, while when the bellows expand, the sound emerges laterally and not forwards. This can also produce desired sound effects.

Another variant of a manual pulling instrument is shown in the two variants of FIG. 1c. There the sound post stands at an angle to the bellows, whereby in the variant shown, it is arranged closer to the bellows, which is not mandatory; it could also be arranged closer to the keyboard. The valve block itself is not shown. A decision can be made between such variants with regard to the overall focus of the instrument. Both variants have in common that the sound emerges to the front of the audience with both bellows expansion and compression, which results in largely the same sound impression and the same volume impression. In addition, the sound paths between the reed and the outlet opening are comparatively short, which means that the sound path has less influence.

A variant as in FIG. 1c, but with an advantageous arrangement of the sound post relative to the keyboard, is also particularly suitable for implementing the invention without electrical valves.

It should be mentioned that it is in principle possible to provide fleece or similar filter materials in the sound paths, if e.g. a slightly more muffled sound is desired.

Claims (10)

1. Hand traction instrument (1) With an expandable and compressible bellows (2), the air flow (3, 3 ') flowing towards the reed (6) is designed by expansion and compression; and a flow control (4), having a valve arrangement (4a), which is arranged to control the flow of reeds (6) to be flown in accordance with the music and has a number of reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16), each of which controls an inflow of an individual or common reed (6), in which the reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) are current operated and where the reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) are controlled electronically; and a flow straightening arrangement (4b), which is arranged to cause the same reed direction of flow with bellows expansion and with bellows compression and which has a number of valves (4bl, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4) for air flow rectification, in which the number of reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) is greater than the number of valves (4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4) for air flow rectification and where a group of valves (4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4) for the air flow rectification of a larger group of reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) for the common rectification of the air flow therethrough is assigned so that the air flow through the entirety of all reed valves (4al, 4a2, ... 4a16) of the group is mutually rectified. 2. Hand traction instrument (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the group of valves (4b1, 4b2, 4b3, 4b4) for air flow rectification for at least one flow direction comprises more than one single valve; and / or a plurality of power-operated reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4al6) are arranged together in a valve block, particularly preferably such that all power-operated reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) together in one and the same valve block are arranged. 3. Hand traction instrument (1) according to claim 2, in which the current-operated reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) are formed with plunger coils (4ale) and magnets moved therein and / or have a constant force-displacement curve over at least 85% of the operating range; and or at least a plurality of the current-operated reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) are designed as flap valves, being preferred the flap valves are clamped on one side, being preferred the current-operated reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) are designed in such a way that they can open the valve flaps against a pressure of up to 3 bar, being preferred the flap valves are designed to hold closed against a bellows pressure below 40 mbar. 4. Hand traction instrument (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which has pushbuttons (7al, ... 7an), upon actuation of which the current-operated reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) open or close, characterized that a controller is provided, which is designed for the electronic detection of a pushbutton actuation, and is preferably designed to to detect a dynamic push-button actuation behavior, is preferably designed to do so Detecting a pushbutton actuation in more than two stages in order to distinguish a pure open position from a pure closed position, which is preferably designed to to detect a push button actuation by means of magnetic, optical, gyroscopic and / or tachymetric sensors, which is preferably designed to the pushbutton actuation With at least 5 Hz, preferably at least 10 Hz, particularly preferably at least 30 Hz and / or with at least 4 bit accuracy, preferably to sample at least 8 bit accuracy; who is preferably trained to effecting pulse width modulated current through current operated reed valves; who is preferably trained to open several valve flaps at the push of a button, especially for the simultaneous excitation of several registers and / or for the automatic generation of chords. 5. Hand traction instrument (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a valve control is provided, which is designed for a linear adjustment of the reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4al 6) in response to the actuation of a pushbutton, and or which is designed to couple a plurality of registers and / or who is trained to to delay a valve opening in such a way that reeds (6) of different tones swinging in at different speeds sound simultaneously when keys are pressed at the same time. 6. Hand traction instrument (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the pushbuttons (7al, ... 7an) are at least partially designed as sensor buttons on at least one end of the bellows and / or buttons on at least one end of the bellows for a single game of bass tones are provided. 7. Hand traction instrument (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that at least one of reeds (6) or valve block is formed with fiber-reinforced plastics, in particular carbon fiber materials. 8. Hand traction instrument (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressure sensor (8) is provided for detecting the pressure of the bellows and a controller is designed to compensate for fluctuations in pressure in the bellows. 9. Hand traction instrument (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a pressure sensor (8) is provided for detecting pressure changes in the bellows (2) and a controller is designed to control the number of valves of the flow straightening arrangement for air flow straightening as a function of the pressure sensor signal to operate. 10. Hand traction instrument (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that an arrangement for supplying power to the control and / or the power-operated reed valves (4a1, 4a2, ... 4a16) is present.