EP4130640B1 - Bolt head for a firearm - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a bolt head with an extractor for cartridges or cartridge cases of a firearm. The closure head comprises a cylindrical body with a groove-shaped recess for receiving the extractor, as well as a spring element according to the preamble of claim 1 and the GB 183776 A .

Firearms with rotating head locks have been known for a long time. For example, the locking systems of M4/M16/AR15, AK47/74, Steyr AUG rifles and their derivatives should be mentioned. In these weapons, the breech includes a sliding piece that is movably arranged in the housing, also called a breech carrier, and a breech head that can be rotated and displaced in the sliding piece along the barrel axis and around it.

Before a shot can be fired, a cartridge is inserted from the magazine into the chamber. In the course of cartridge feeding, the locking head is usually rotated during the locking process by the interaction of a control bolt, which is arranged on the locking head, with a control link, which is arranged in the slider. The bottom of the case comes into contact with the bottom of the bolt head. A locking section of the locking head, or the locking lugs arranged thereon, interact with corresponding locking lugs of the barrel or a barrel sleeve in order to lock the weapon to the outside for firing shots.

As a rule, an extractor is arranged on the breech head in order to remove the fired cartridge case from the chamber after the shot has been fired as part of the unlocking process. However, this extractor should release the cartridge case again as easily as possible at a predefined position of the slider or the bolt head, which is usually supported by an ejector. Naturally undesirable are ejection disturbances that lead to feed jams when the next cartridge is advanced again and drawn in.

The relative movements of the bolt head to the slider, or the interaction with an ejector, which is responsible for ejecting the cartridge case from the firearm, are well known to those skilled in the art as highly dynamic processes.

Numerous extractor devices have been introduced in the past with the aim of ensuring the most reliable extraction of the cartridge case, even at high firing rates, and also a long service life under operating conditions. In a figurative sense, this requirement also applies to unfired cartridges, as can occur with fire retardant or with buffer cartridges during training.

As an example, some ideas for locking heads with extractors that are preloaded by one or more coil springs should be mentioned here. Further measures included widening the locking lug on the extractor US 10215518 B1 , arranging several spiral springs to preload the extractor as in the US 6182389 B1 or even that one DE 853118 C , or the asymmetrical design of the bolt head US 7331135 B2 to form a system for the extractor. A disadvantage of using coil springs can be that they tend to soften more quickly under the influence of heat due to their delicate design, i.e. permanent loss of their elastic properties. An increased tendency to pull-out resistance or premature material fatigue and thus breakage can be the result.

To improve the durability and reliability in the operation of extractors of automatic firearms, numerous other measures are known in the prior art in which a leaf spring was used as an alternative to pretension the extractor. Using the example of DE 1578387 A1 For example, a U-shaped leaf spring was used, which has an inwardly projecting extractor claw on one side. The CH 214423 A shows a T-shaped extractor device, the long leg being designed as a kind of leaf spring and acting as a spring element and extractor at the same time. In the GB 972692 A A curved leaf spring is used for preload a pin-shaped extractor is used on its back, while in the GB 160773 A a straight leaf spring acts on the back of the extractor.

Already in 1922 the GB 183776 A alternatively, an extractor device with a leaf spring, which is arranged in a locking head with a cylindrical body in a groove-shaped recess. The locking head has - as is generally the case - a locking section with a shock base on the barrel side, on which several radially outwardly projecting locking lugs and a groove-shaped recess running backwards with an undercut for receiving the extractor and the leaf spring are formed. When viewed in the installed state, the extractor has a first lever arm on the barrel side with an inwardly projecting, hook-shaped extractor claw, and in a central section a bearing extension that projects inwards, i.e. in the direction of the barrel axis. The extractor is mounted on the body with this bearing extension so that it can pivot around an edge. This edge acts as a kind of bearing point or extractor axis, around which the leaf spring biases the extractor inwards by means of a second lever arm, which projects backwards against the direction of travel as a spring bearing. The bearing extension is opened to the front, which is necessary to brace the extractor forward by pressing in the leaf spring.

However, the above-mentioned extraction devices with coil or leaf springs usually have the common disadvantage that during the closing process and when gripping the cartridge case at its edge, a high pressure load is briefly placed on the extractor along the barrel axis before it is deflected transversely to it and on the edge of the cartridge snaps. In the previously known extractor devices, these forces in the longitudinal direction on the extractor are often diverted into the closure head from the extractor axis, which secures the extractor in the closure head. In the case of leaf springs, which simultaneously hold the extractor in the bolt head, such as the GB 183776 A , the CH 214423 A or even that one GB 160773 A , however, these forces are often transferred directly to the leaf spring. Compared to coil springs, leaf springs are relatively sensitive to excessive pressure. In particular, forces that are transverse to the intended loading direction of the leaf spring, for example in the direction of the barrel axis, can lead to compression or even This can lead to destruction of the leaf spring, which means that functional reliability is no longer guaranteed.

An inherent disadvantage of the solutions of the prior art is that assembly or disassembly is often only possible using tools. This is particularly important as repair and/or maintenance is often impossible under operating conditions in the event of contamination, icing or failure of a defective extractor or spring element.

Another problem with the solutions of the prior art is often that the ejection of the cartridge cases taken takes place under uncontrolled conditions, which can primarily manifest itself in different ejection directions from the firearm. This can be uncomfortable for the shooter and those around him. In the worst case, however, this can lead to the cartridge case becoming wedged in the weapon housing and causing jamming.

The content of the publications mentioned, in particular the English-language ones, is made part of the content of the application by reference for those jurisdictions in which this is possible.

There is therefore a need for an extractor device or a closure head that avoids or at least reduces these disadvantages.

It is the aim of the invention to accordingly create a closure head with an extraction device that can withstand high mechanical and/or thermal loads. In addition, it is the object of at least one embodiment of the invention that the pull-out device is constructed as simply as possible, i.e. preferably with as few components as possible, and/or enables relatively simple (dis)assembly. In addition, it is an object of at least one embodiment of the invention to improve the functionality and precision of the case ejection.

According to the invention, these goals and tasks are achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, in other words by the fact that the closure head has an extractor device which includes an extractor and a leaf spring. When viewed in the installation situation, the bearing extension on the extractor is designed to be hook-shaped so that it rests on an extractor axis. The bearing extension has a bearing opening that is open to the rear, i.e. against the direction of travel. On its front side, i.e. in the direction of travel, the bearing extension includes a contact surface for contact with a stop surface of the body, which contacts the extractor under tensile load. The locking head also has a body on which a groove-shaped recess is provided to accommodate the leaf spring and the extractor. This recess is at least partially opened laterally on one side tangential to the circumferential direction via an insertion area. In addition, the recess merges laterally and/or backwards into an undercut, which serves to hold or as an abutment for the spring element, preferably a leaf spring, in the body of the closure head. The body also has a recess in the area of the extractor axis, about which the extractor is pivotally mounted in the installation situation, for receiving the bearing extension. This depression can be designed as one or more partial depressions relative to an imaginary, preferably tangential, plane of the recess.

In comparison to the previously known extractors, the interaction of these features creates a very robust and relatively easy to clean extractor device with a leaf spring. The advantages of a leaf spring in terms of thermal resistance and high spring force can be used. According to the invention, the extractor is first assembled by pivoting the bearing extension around the extractor axis. Due to the rear-facing bearing opening, the extractor can move forward within the limits of the recess and is still held radially, i.e. in the normal direction outwards, by the bearing extension on the extractor axis. In contrast to the known prior art, in which the leaf spring must be inserted into the recess from the outside and wedged by then pressing in the extractor, the leaf spring is installed by pivoting laterally into the recess. This means that accidental damage or compression of the leaf spring during installation can be avoided, since the side insertion opening of the recess allows it to first be placed under the spring bearing of the extractor and applied by comparatively gentle manual pressure to press the comparatively long, backwards part of the leaf spring downwards or inwards. The leaf spring can then be pivoted sideways into the undercut in the rear area of the body comparatively easily.

In addition, this structure has the advantage that the forces on the extractor during the closing movement can be diverted into the locking head via the extractor axis and are not transferred to the leaf spring, which means that damage to the leaf spring caused by forces in the longitudinal direction can be avoided. Furthermore, when the extractor is under tensile load when the locking head returns, force is transferred from the contact surface to the stop surface, whereby the extractor axis is relieved, a relatively low surface pressure occurs on the body and thus force is introduced in a way that is gentle on the material. These measures can significantly increase the service life of the locking head.

Further embodiments and modifications according to the invention, in particular the shape of the body, the leaf spring, and/or the extractor, are explained below in the detailed description of the figures. The respective advantages over the known prior art are also described at an appropriate point.

Further components of the firearm, such as the barrel, cartridge chamber, firing pin and firing pin spring, magazine or stock are not explained in more detail here, as they do not relate to the core of the invention and the person skilled in the art, with knowledge of the invention, will also do so here, if necessary or desired at all. Can make modifications simply based on his expertise.

• die Fig. 1a und 1b jeweils schematische Seitenansichten eines Verschlusskopfs;
• die Fig. 2 eine vereinfachte Explosionsansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Verschlusskopfs;
• die Fig. 3 einen Verschlusskopf mit integral ausgebildeter Auszieherachse (a) und einem Lagerpin (b);
• die Fig. 4 eine Schnittansicht der Verschlussköpfe korrespondierend zu Fig. 3 auf die Schnittebene B-B' aus Fig. 5b;
• die Fig. 5 eine Frontansicht auf einen Verschlusskopf mit Auszieher und vorgelagerter Patronenhülse (a), und ohne Auszieher und Patronenhülse (b);
• die Fig. 6 einen Bewegungsablauf mit Verschlusskopf in Ruheposition (a), in Auslenkposition des Ausziehers (b), und in Halteposition (c);
• die Fig. 7a-c ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ausziehers in verschiedenen Ansichten;
• die Fig. 8a-b ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Blattfeder in verschiedenen Ansichten;
• die Fig. 9a eine weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ausziehers;
• die Fig. 9b ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verschlusskopfs;
• die Fig. 10 einen vereinfachten Bewegungsablauf mit Verschlusskopf und Auszieher in Halteposition (a) und selbstsichernder Halteposition (b).

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which shows:

• the Figs. 1a and 1b each showing schematic side views of a closure head;
• the Fig. 2 a simplified exploded view of a closure head according to the invention;
• the Fig. 3 a locking head with an integrally formed extractor axis (a) and a bearing pin (b);
• the Fig. 4 a sectional view of the closure heads corresponding to Fig. 3 on the section plane BB 'from Fig. 5b;
• the Fig. 5 a front view of a bolt head with extractor and cartridge case in front (a), and without extractor and cartridge case (b);
• the Fig. 6 a movement sequence with the locking head in the rest position (a), in the deflection position of the extractor (b), and in the holding position (c);
• the Fig. 7a-c an embodiment of an extractor in different views;
• the Fig. 8a-b an embodiment of a leaf spring in various views;
• the Fig. 9a another embodiment of an extractor;
• the Fig. 9b another embodiment of a closure head;
• the Fig. 10 a simplified movement sequence with the locking head and extractor in the holding position (a) and self-locking holding position (b).

In the following, the terms left, right, top, bottom, front and back always refer to the shooting direction of the firearm from the shooter's perspective when it is held ready to fire. In the description and claims, as already stated above, the terms "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and so on are used in the common form and with reference to the Item in its usual position of use, used. This means that the muzzle of the barrel of the weapon is "at the front", that the breech or slide is moved "backwards" by the explosion gases, etc. Transverse to a direction essentially means a direction rotated by 90° to it.

In the installed situation, the locking head has a running direction designated 91, passing through the barrel axis 9. In the transverse direction, a normal direction 93 pointing outwards, in the selected representation "upwards", is indicated and a rotation around the running axis 9 or the running direction 91 follows in the circumferential direction 92.

For the sake of clarity, not all reference symbols are listed in every (partial) illustration for the same components and features. The connections should be easy to understand for an expert.

In Fig. 1 is a locking head 1 in two side views, with direction 91 to the left ( Fig. 1a ) or direction 91 to the right ( Fig. 1b ) shown schematically. The locking head 1 has a locking section 13 on the barrel side on the cylindrical body 11 with a plurality of locking lugs 14 projecting radially outwards.

In Fig. 1a an exemption can be seen on the body 11, in which an ejector 5 is movably inserted in the longitudinal direction. The ejector 5 is designed to strike the base of a cartridge case 4 parallel to the barrel axis 9 at an edge region of the butt base 15 through the ejector opening 51. Also formed on the body 11 is an outwardly projecting control bolt 17, which in this case is shown formed integrally with the body 11.

In Fig. 1b is the bolt head from the opposite side Fig. 1a viewed in assembled condition. When viewed together with the following figures, it can be clearly seen that the extractor 2 and a leaf spring 3 are arranged in a recess 12 extending backwards from the butt plate 15 of the locking section 13. The recess 12 can be viewed as essentially groove-shaped. It preferably runs parallel to the running axis 9 as a flat surface, with inclined planes relative to the running axis 9 also being possible, for example in order to specifically adjust the preload and/or the play of the leaf spring 3. However, it is essential that the recess for receiving the leaf spring 3 is at least partially opened laterally on one side tangential to the circumferential direction via an insertion area 122. The recess 12 merges towards the rear into an undercut 121, in which the rear end section of the leaf spring 3 is received. The undercut 121 can be opened laterally - as shown - which makes it even easier to pivot in the leaf spring 3.

In Fig. 2 the closure head 1 is shown in a kind of exploded view. In this presentation in conjunction with Figs. 6 and 7 It is clearly visible that the extractor 2, when viewed in the installed state, has a first and a second lever arm, as well as a bearing extension 23 projecting inwards from a central section. When installed, the bearing extension 23 serves to rest on and for limited tilting around an extractor axis 21 ( Fig. 1b , this means both the axis of rotation itself and its design as a shaft, pin, etc.) and is hook-shaped with the bearing opening 231 open to the rear, i.e. against the direction of rotation 91 ( Fig. 7a ) educated.

How particularly good in Figs. 7a to 7c As can be seen, an inwardly projecting, hook-shaped extractor claw 22 is arranged on the first lever arm, which serves to engage in the edge of a cartridge case 4. It is also very clear from these illustrations that the extractor 2 has a second, rearwardly projecting lever arm, which serves as a spring bearing 24, on which the leaf spring 3 engages on the underside when installed and pushes it outwards. This serves to pretension the extractor claw 22 inwards, in the direction of the barrel axis 9.

It has proven to be advantageous that in a preferred embodiment on the underside of the spring bearing 24 (also Fig. 2 ) a spring holder 241 is provided. This is particularly preferably complementary in shape to the end section 32 of the leaf spring 3 aligned on the running side ( Fig. 2 ) trained and can e.g Fig. 7c very good in combination with Figs. 1 and 8th be seen. This spring receptacle 241 has the advantage that it can serve as a kind of insertion aid when assembling the leaf spring 3 and also serves as a lateral guide. Depending on the depth of the clearance, the spring holder 241 can even serve as an additional measure against unintentional slipping or shaking out of the front end section of the leaf spring 3. This can further improve the functionality of the firearm.

In Fig. 2 The leaf spring 3 is also shown, which is shown in detail in Fig. 8 is shown in more detail and will be described further below. The ejector 5 can also be seen in this illustration, although alternatively designed ejectors with the closure head 1 according to the invention or the extractor 2 can also be easily provided by a person skilled in the art. Furthermore, in Fig. 2 the extractor axis 21 can be clearly seen, which is designed as a separate pin 25. However, it is also possible to form this extractor axis 21 integrally on the body 11, as shown in the overview Figs. 3a and 4a shows.

Another central feature of the invention can be in Fig. 2 can be seen from the exploded view, according to which the body 11 in the area of the extractor axis 21 has a recess 16 for receiving the bearing extension 23 relative to an imaginary plane of the recess 12. This recess 16 can be designed as a continuous pocket or in the form of several pocket-shaped partial recesses in the direction of the barrel axis 9, as shown in conjunction with Figs. 3 and 4 clearly visible.

At this point it should be mentioned that the recess 16 is delimited towards the front in the running direction 91 by the impact base 15 or its rear wall, whereby a stop surface 183 for the extractor 2 is formed towards the front. The bearing extension 23 has a corresponding contact surface 232 on its front, which serves to stop or support the stop surface 183 in the holding position. The recess 16 is formed in the area of the extractor axis 21 relative to an imaginary plane of the recess 12. Contrary to the running direction 91, the recess 16, starting from the bearing axis 21, has sufficient free space so that the leaf spring 3 cannot be displaced when the cartridge case 4 is gripped, see also Fig. 6a to 6c , is possible. In this way, the extractor axis 21 can interact with the bearing extension 23 as a joint or pivot point for the two lever arms.

In a special embodiment, the recess 16 is delimited by an additional support area 18 extending from the bottom 15 backwards to the stop surface 183, which contributes to stiffening the closure head 1 and thereby reducing the elastic deformation during the closing or pulling-out process. The support area 18 preferably has a longitudinal extent of 0.1 to 1.5 times, in particular 0.4 to 0.8 times, the average diameter of the body 11. The support area 18, also very clearly visible in Fig. 4 , extends so far back against the running direction 91 to the adjacent recess 16 that a pivotable insertion of the extractor 2 is made possible by pivoting in the bearing extension 23 around the extractor axis 21 with the spring element 3 removed, but with an extractor 2 in the rest position, as in Fig. 6a As can be seen, a radial movement of the extractor 2 is prevented by the bearing extension 23 being at least partially wrapped around the extractor axis 21. The support area 18 is at the rear through a stop surface 183 limited, which comes into contact with the contact surface 232 as flatly as possible during the pull-out process.

In addition, the sequence of movements can be Fig. 6a to 6c , especially in conjunction with the Figs. 2 , 7 and 9 , a particularly preferred embodiment can be seen, according to which the bearing extension 23 can have an insertion bevel 233 between its underside in the direction of the extractor claw 22, preferably up to the contact surface 232. Such a bevel allows the insertion or pivoting of the bearing extension 23 around the extractor axis 21 to be made easier. In addition, the longitudinal extent of the support area 18 can be enlarged towards the rear, whereby the clearance between the bearing extension 23 and the support area 18 can be optimized. During the extraction process, the tensile load is initiated on the extractor claw 22 after a very short distance - as soon as the contact surface 232 comes into contact with the stop surface 183. The brief jolt that occurs is also advantageous for the extraction process of the cartridge case 4 from the cartridge chamber.

With reference to Figs. 3 In special cases it may be advantageous for the support area 18 to have a trough-shaped pocket 181. This pocket 181 could be referred to as a "dirty pocket" because smaller dirt particles, unwanted oil accumulations and the like can escape there. As a result, the risk of insufficient pivoting movement of the extractor 2 due to, for example, accumulations of dirt between the extractor 2 and the body 11 can be reduced, which improves functionality.

In 3a and 3b Oblique views of various embodiments of closure heads 1 are shown, the main difference being in the design of the extractor axis 21, see comparative 4a and 4b . The Fig. 3a shows a closure head 1 whose extractor axis 21 coming from the manufacturing process is designed as a kind of web 26 integrally with the body 11. This web 26 thus forms the extractor axis 21 in the integral version and is preferably rounded in the contact area for the bearing extension 23 or its bearing opening 231. How good looking Fig. 4a The web 26 can be seen sloping backwards Formed towards recess 16, which enables the extractor to be inserted pivotally. Such an integral design of the extractor axis 21 increases the rigidity of the closure head 1 under load and also reduces the number of components and the assembly effort. In addition, there is a risk of the pin 25 breaking, which can be seen in the oblique view Fig. 3b is shown, can be reduced.

In the Figs. 3a and 3b The groove-shaped recess 12 with the laterally open insertion area 122 can be clearly seen. The recess 12 can be aligned tangentially to the circumferential direction 92 as a kind of flattening and merges into the undercut 121 in the rear area. The undercut 121 has a height which approximately corresponds to the thickness of the leaf spring 3. In a special embodiment, this undercut 121 can be pocket-shaped and closed laterally at least on one side, as shown Fig. 3 very clearly visible. This prevents the leaf spring 3 from accidentally "swinging over" during installation, which promotes functional reliability.

Another possible embodiment aims to be able to specifically adjust the pretension of the leaf spring 3. As shown in all figures using a line-shaped elevation 124 as an example, the possibility of specifically forming a support for the leaf spring 3 using one or more point-shaped, or also line-shaped, elevations 124 should be mentioned. This elevation 124 can be seen well in the sectional view Figs. 4a and 4b can be recognized, which is directed to the section plane BB ' of Fig. 5b. The person skilled in the art is responsible for specifically adjusting the preload on the leaf spring 3 by selecting the height, position and shape of the elevation 124.

In another, supplementary or independently designed embodiment, at least one step 125 can be formed laterally outwards on the recess 12 and/or a provided elevation 124. This step 125 can be perceived as a clearly noticeable detent when the leaf spring 3 is pivoted in, which indicates to the user the correct position of the leaf spring 3 when it "latches" or "snaps" into the correct position. Furthermore, such a stage can 125 serve as resistance against unintentionally leaving the correct position of the leaf spring 3 in the installation situation, whereby an additional measure can be designed to increase functionality in the highly dynamic movement processes in the operating state.

Furthermore, it is in Fig. 3a As an example, another possibility is shown for limiting or specifically adjusting the movement of the extractor 2, in which the support area 18 is designed obliquely relative to the barrel axis 9. As in Fig. 3a qualitatively indicated, the support area 18 can be inclined in the running direction 91 by an angle of inclination 182 towards the running axis 9. The angle of inclination 182 is preferably from 1° to 5°, relative to the barrel axis 9. In this way, a slight tilting of the extractor 2 towards the barrel axis 9 can be made possible, which, among other things, can improve the gripping of the cartridge case 4.

In 4a and 4b are cross-sectional representations of the closure heads 3a and 3b shown, which correspond to the sectional plane of the representation in FIG. 5b. The central firing pin channel can be clearly seen in the cross section, which allows the passage of a firing pin on the butt base 15 by means of the firing pin opening 60.

In the Figs. 5a and 5b each show a closure head 1 with or without an extractor 2. In Fig. 5a, an empty cartridge case 4 is also shown in the front view, which is gripped by the extractor 2 at its edge of the case.

The representation Fig. 6 shows schematically a sequence of movements on the section plane AA ' as indicated in Fig. 5a. In Fig. 6a the extractor 2 is in the rest position, with the leaf spring 3 clearly engaging the spring bearing 24 on the underside and pressing the extractor claw 22 inwards. In the enlarged view IV-A it is clearly visible that the support area 18 extends so far back that the bearing extension 23 can still be pivoted in. In conjunction with Figs. 7 and 9 It can be seen that the bearing extension 23 can also be designed with two feet, which is why in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 6 part of the bearing extension 23 can be seen in section and part of the foot can be seen in the side view. It's easy to see However, the at least partial wrap around the extractor axis 21, which in this case is shown as a bearing pin 25.

In Fig. 6b the state is shown, which shows the extractor 2 in a deflection position, which occurs when the cartridge case 4 is gripped during the closing process. See also detail IV-B, in which the deflection of the leaf spring 3 can be clearly seen.

In Fig. 6c The gripped cartridge case 4 can be seen in the extractor 2, which can be referred to as the holding position. From detail IV-C it can be seen that the first lever arm is slightly spaced from the support area 18 in this position, as a result of which a high holding force acts on the cartridge case 4. In addition, the contacting of the contact surface 232 of the bearing extension 23 with the stop surface 183 of the body 11 or the support area 18 can be recognized. In this illustration, the two surfaces are essentially normal to the barrel axis 9. The required clearances between the bearing extension 23 and the stop surface 183 must be provided by a person skilled in the art in such a way that pivotable installation is possible.

Another particularly preferred embodiment can be seen from the synopsis of FIGS. 5b, 6a-c and 3a-b can be seen, after which the impact base 15 ( Fig. 3b ) is essentially designed as an elongated hole. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 5b, the butt base can have a first and second center point for the elongated hole. The first center point is formed by the firing pin opening 60 and the second center point 61 is arranged offset in the direction of the extractor 2, starting from an ejection opening 51 arranged in the edge region of the impact base 15. This measure allows minor positional deviations of the cartridge case 4 relative to the breech head 1 to be compensated for even at high firing rates and the cartridge case 4 to be gripped with high precision and pressed along the elongated hole against the opposite curve of the locking section 13 by the force of the extractor claw 22. In this way, the cartridge case 4 comes reliably to rest on the bottom 15 in a position that ensures the correct function of the ejector 5.

A modification of the closure head 1 can also provide that a centering bevel 52, starting from the ejection opening 51, is formed on the inner wall of the locking section 13 in the circumferential direction. These centering bevels are in 3a and 3b clearly visible and can also be used in Fig. 6 be seen. The centering bevels 52 ensure that the gripped cartridge case 4 comes into contact with the inner wall of the locking section 13 by the force of the extractor 2 along the centering bevels 52 in a predefined position on the abutment base 15, specifically in front of the ejection opening 51. This measure allows the cartridge case 4 to always be hit at the same angle by the ejector 5 relative to the extractor 2. In this way, the precision when ejecting the cartridge case 4 can be improved to the extent that the cartridge cases 4 are reproducibly ejected from the ejection opening of the firearm at the same angle.

In Fig. 8a is an example of a leaf spring 3 in an oblique view or top view ( Fig. 8b ) shown, which is particularly suitable for the closure head 1 and extractor 2 according to the invention. The leaf spring 3 has a longitudinal extension in the running direction 91 and a significantly smaller strength in the normal direction 93. The lateral extent and shape can vary over the length of the leaf spring 3, as shown. Bevels on the edges and/or edge areas can also serve to make assembly easier.

As in Fig. 8 clearly visible, in a possible embodiment, the leaf spring 3 can have a reduced cross-section relative to its average width on its running-side end section 32, viewed in the installed situation, and this can be rounded off in a substantially circular shape at its running-side end. A leaf spring 3 shaped in this way and narrower at its front end section 32 compared to the average width of the leaf spring 3 has the advantage that the leaf spring 3 is easier to insert into the insertion opening 122. A narrowed end section 32 is particularly advantageous in order to be able to connect to an aforementioned, optionally provided spring receptacle 241, such as in Fig. 7c clearly visible to work together, resulting in the same advantages as mentioned above.

As in conjunction with the Figs. 1, 2 and 3 clearly shows, in a preferred embodiment, the body 11 can have a recess 12 on which a dismantling window 123 is provided laterally, on the side opposite the insertion area 122. This dismantling window 123 is of such a size that an attached leaf spring 3 can be pressed laterally out of the recess 12 using a finger or a simple makeshift tool (possibly with a cartridge tip), which makes dismantling the leaf spring 3 much easier if necessary.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the leaf spring 3 has a lateral extension which is designed analogously to the dismantling window 123, preferably in a shape complementary to it. This locking extension 31 is in Fig. 2 and Figs. 8a and 8b very clearly visible and has a longitudinal extension that is designed to be complementary in shape to the system in the area of the dismantling window 123. This measure can limit or even prevent an unintentional longitudinal displacement of the leaf spring 3 forward in the running direction 91 in the operating state. As a result, a pressure load on the leaf spring 3 can be reduced in the direction of its longitudinal extent and the service life of the leaf spring 3 can be extended.

In Figs. 9 and 10 A closure head 1 can be seen schematically in a further, preferred embodiment without a leaf spring 3. In Fig. 9a an extractor 2 can be seen, the contact surface 232 of which is formed at an oblique angle to the direction of travel 9. The stop surface 183 is designed to complement this oblique contact surface 232 Fig. 9b . The contact surface 232 and the stop surface 183 are therefore each designed to be slanted relative to the normal direction 93 in order to cause the extractor 2 to be displaced inwards in the direction of the barrel axis 9 when the extractor 2 is subjected to a forward tensile load. This connection is very good from the holding position Fig. 10 can be seen, which is a sectional view on the section plane AA ' analogous to Fig. 5a, applied to the extractor 2 and the body 11 9a and 9b , corresponds.

In Fig. 10a In the detailed representation, the holding position of the closure head 1 is analogous to Fig. 6c - visible. As explained above, the bevel of the contact surface 232 and the stop surface 183 can result in the extractor being displaced into one Self-locking holding position of the cartridge case 4 can be made possible under tensile load on the extractor 2, as in Fig. 10b is illustrated by the dashed movement arrow (without reference symbols) - essentially parallel to the bevels mentioned. As a result, the risk of undesirable release of the cartridge case 4 due to vibration, for example, can be further reduced, especially at very high cadences, whereby the reliability of the breech head 1 can be further increased.

This variant can easily be combined with the previously mentioned embodiments, whereby the advantages mentioned can also be achieved here mutatis mutandis. Analogously, designs with complementary shapes of the contact surface 232 and the stop surface 183, e.g. angular or rounded, are also conceivable, which enable the same function, namely an improved holding position of the cartridge case 4 when the extractor 2 is pulled forward. The proposed measures reduce, in a way that is easily understandable for a person skilled in the art with knowledge of the invention, the risk that an unwanted movement of the extractor 2 against the direction of travel 91 and / or in the normal direction 93 immediately causes the extractor 2 to become detached from the cartridge case 4 .

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described, but can be modified and designed in various ways. In particular, the cross-sectional shapes shown of the housing and closure parts mentioned, bolts, rails, recesses, etc. can be adapted to the specified basic data, and the lengths and positions with respect to the housing can also be easily adapted for the person skilled in the art given knowledge of the invention. In particular, equivalent designs are obvious given knowledge of the invention and can be easily carried out by a person skilled in the art.

It should also be pointed out that in the description and the claims, information such as "lower area" of an object means the lower half and in particular the lower quarter of the total height, "lowest area" means the lowest quarter and in particular an even smaller part; while "middle area" means the middle third of the total height. This applies mutatis mutandis to the terms “width” and “length”. mutandis. All of this information has its common meaning, applied to the intended position of the object under consideration.

In the description and claims, "substantially" means a deviation of up to 10% of the specified value, if physically possible, both downwards and upwards, otherwise only in the sensible direction, for degrees (angle and temperature) , and terms such as “parallel” or “normal” mean ± 10°. When it comes to terms like "essentially constant" etc., what is meant is the technical deviation possibility that the expert uses as a basis and not the mathematical one. A “substantially L-shaped cross section” comprises two elongated surfaces, each of which merges into the end of the other surface at one end, and whose longitudinal extent is arranged at an angle of 45° to 120° to one another.

All quantities and proportions, in particular those defining the invention, as long as they do not relate to the specific examples, are to be understood with a tolerance of ± 10%, so for example: 11% means: from 9.9% to 12.1%. In terms such as: "a solvent", the word "a" is not to be viewed as a numeral, but rather as an indefinite article or as a pronoun, unless the context indicates otherwise.

The term: "combination" or "combinations" stands, unless otherwise stated, for all types of combinations, starting from two of the components in question up to a large number or all of such components, the term: "containing" also stands for "existing out of".

The features and variants specified in the individual embodiments and examples can be freely combined with those of the other examples and embodiments and can be used in particular to characterize the invention in the claims without necessarily including the other details of the respective embodiment or example. Reference symbol list with common English translations: 1 Bolt head 231 bearing opening 11 body 232 contact surface 12 recess 233 Insertion chamfer 121 undercut 24 Spring bearing portion 122 Insertion portion 241 Spring bearing pocket 123 Disassembly opening 25 Pin (axis pin) 124 protrusion 26 jetty (land) 125 step 3 leaf spring 13 Locking portion 31 Blocking member 14 Locking lugs 32 end section 15 breech face 4 Cartridge case 16 cavity 5 ejector 17 Control pin (cam pin) 51 ejector opening 18 Support portion 52 centering taper 181 pocket 60 Firing pin opening 182 Inclination angle 61 Second center point 183 Locating surface 2 extractor 9 Barrel axis 21 Extractor axis 91 Running direction (front) / barrel direction (front) 22 extractor claw 92 Circumferential direction 23 bearing protrusion 93 Normal direction (outwards) / normal direction (outwards)

Claims (15)

1. Bolt (1) having an extractor (2) for cartridge cases (4), comprising a cylindrical body (11), on which, on the barrel side, a locking portion (13) having an breech face (15), at least two radially outwardly projecting locking lugs (14), and, starting from the breech face (15), running rearwardly, a groove-shaped recess (12) having an undercut (121) for receiving the extractor (2) and a leaf spring (3) are formed, and

   an extractor (2), which, viewed in the installed state, has a first lever arm on the barrel side with an inwardly protruding, hook-shaped extractor claw (22), and, in a central portion, an inwardly projecting bearing protrusion (23) and a second lever arm with a rearwardly projecting spring bearing portion (24) and which is designed to be mounted on the body (11) so as to be pivotable about an extractor axis (21) and to interact with the leaf spring (3) to pretension the extractor (2)

   characterized in that

   - the bearing protrusion (23) is designed to be hook-shaped so as to abut against the extractor axis (21) in the installed state with a bearing opening (231) open rearwardly, and has a contacting surface (232) on the barrel side, and

   - on the body (11), the groove-shaped recess (12) for receiving the leaf spring (3) is laterally open at least partially on one side tangentially to the circumferential direction, via an insertion portion (122), and is designed to merge laterally and/or rearwardly into the undercut (121), and

   - the body (11) has a cavity (16) for receiving the bearing protrusion (23) relative to an imaginary plane of the recess (12) in the region of the extractor axis (21).
2. Bolt (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (16) is delimited on the barrel side toward the front by a support portion (18) extending from the breech face (15) rearwardly to a locating surface (183) in such a way that an insertion of the extractor (2) is made possible by pivoting the bearing protrusion (23) about the extractor axis (21) when the leaf spring (3) element is removed.
3. Bolt (1) according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the bearing protrusion (23) has an insertion chamfer (233) from the underside thereof in the direction of the extractor claw (22).
4. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the leaf spring (3) has a reduced cross section at its barrel side end section (32), viewed in the installation situation, relative to its mean width and this cross section is substantially circularly rounded at its barrel side end.
5. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the undercut (121) for at least partially receiving a rear portion of the leaf spring (3) element is pocket-shaped and is laterally closed.
6. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the support portion (18) has a trough-shaped pocket (181).
7. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the support portion (18) is inclined on the barrel side toward the barrel axis (9), preferably at an inclination angle (182) of 1° to 5°.
8. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (12) has provided laterally, on the side opposite the insertion portion (122), a disassembly opening (123).
9. Bolt (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the leaf spring (3) element has a lateral blocking member (31) which has a longitudinal extension which is designed to be complementary in shape for the contact in the region of the disassembly opening (123).
10. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one point-shaped and/or line-shaped protrusion (124) is formed on the body (11) on the recess (12) and/or in that in the edge portion on the recess (12), or on the at least one protrusion (124), at least one step (125) is formed laterally to the outside.
11. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spring bearing pocket (241) is provided on the underside of the spring bearing portion (24).
12. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breech face (15) is substantially designed as a slot hole, the first center point of which is a firing pin opening (60) and the second center point (61) of which is arranged offset in the direction of the extractor (2) starting from an ejector opening (51) arranged in the edge portion of the breech face (15).
13. Bolt (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that a centering taper (52) starting from the ejector opening (51) is formed in the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the locking portion (13).
14. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extractor axis (21) is formed by an axis pin (25) or in that the extractor axis (21) is formed integrally on the body (11) as a land (26).
15. Bolt (1) according to any of the preceding claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the contacting surface (232) and the locating surface (183) are tapered complementary to one another, preferably relative to the normal direction (93), in such a way that, when the extractor (2) is subjected to tensile load, a forward displacement of the extractor (2) in the direction of the barrel axis (9) is effected inwardly.

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