EP4126792A1 - Zircone coloree - Google Patents
Zircone coloreeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4126792A1 EP4126792A1 EP21716204.9A EP21716204A EP4126792A1 EP 4126792 A1 EP4126792 A1 EP 4126792A1 EP 21716204 A EP21716204 A EP 21716204A EP 4126792 A1 EP4126792 A1 EP 4126792A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- iron
- oxides
- spinel
- mixtures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 213
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 411
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 288
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 216
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 107
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002077 partially stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- -1 hafnie Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 16
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000588731 Hafnia Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BYFGZMCJNACEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(i) oxide Chemical compound [Al]O[Al] BYFGZMCJNACEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FJIZIYBZVDPQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) iron(2+) lanthanum(3+) manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[Co+2].[La+3] FJIZIYBZVDPQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003826 uniaxial pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021280 Co3C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017356 Fe2C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010016936 Folliculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010340 TiFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEFDIAQGSDRHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Cr+3].[Fe+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Cr+3].[Fe+2] QEFDIAQGSDRHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012693 ceria precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYILFTUXZGGDFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);cobalt(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3].[Co+2].[Co+2] VYILFTUXZGGDFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002078 fully stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOROWBGGYAMZCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+) manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[La+3].[Mn+2] UOROWBGGYAMZCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- FLANREAZFDNISW-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) niobium(5+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Nb+5].[Mn+2] FLANREAZFDNISW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001812 pycnometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/488—Composites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
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Definitions
- Zirconia-based sintered products are commonly used in the manufacture of decorative items such as jewelry, watches, bracelets, brooches, tie pins, necklaces, handbags, telephones, furniture. , or household utensils, as well as for structural parts.
- an oxide pigment can be added to the zirconia.
- US 2007/270304 describes a zirconia product incorporating an oxide pigment having a spinel structure based on cobalt, zinc, iron and aluminum.
- JP 2005-289721, EP 0 678 490 and EP 2 448 881 provide other examples of oxidized pigments.
- the colored zirconia products must have good impact resistance as well as good resistance to hydrothermal aging, that is to say good resistance to degradation in a humid environment and at a temperature greater than or equal to 50 ° C. , conditions especially encountered during the step of machining or polishing the colored zirconia product.
- Resistance to hydrothermal aging is an important property because it enables the production of colored zirconia products with high toughness after machining or polishing.
- the sintered products of colored yttria zirconia typically comprising a molar amount of Y 2 O 3 equal to 3% exhibit good resistance to hydrothermal aging but low toughness.
- the colored yttriated zirconia sintered products typically comprising a molar amount of Y 2 O 3 equal to 2% exhibit good toughness, but low resistance to hydrothermal aging.
- One aim of the invention is to meet, at least partially, this need.
- this object is achieved by means of a particulate mixture having the following chemical composition, in percentages by weight based on the oxides:
- the particulate mixture comprising between 0.5% and 10% of an oxide pigment, as a percentage by mass based on the oxides, the content of oxides which are "other oxides" and which are not not included in the oxide pigment, being less than 2%, in percentage by mass based on the oxides, particulate mixture in which the particles of the oxide pigment comprise, preferably consist of more than 95%, preferably more than 97 %, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of their mass, of a material chosen from:
- element E being chosen from group G E (1) formed by iron, chromium and mixtures of iron and chromium,
- the element F being chosen from the group G F (1) formed by mixtures of tin and vanadium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and niobium, mixtures of titanium and of chromium and tungsten, mixtures of titanium and niobium and manganese, mixtures of tin and chromium, mixtures of chromium and titanium and antimony, mixtures of nickel and antimony and titanium, and their mixtures,
- the other oxides which are not included in the oxide pigment preferably represent less than 1.5%, preferably less than 1%, more preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, as a percentage by mass based on the oxides.
- the other oxides which are not included in the oxide pigment are preferably impurities.
- Zr0 2 and / or Hf0 2 are preferably provided, for more than 90%, more than 95%, preferably 100%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides, under form of zirconia and / or hafnie, preferably partially or totally stabilized with Y2O3 and / or CeC> 2.
- ZrC> 2 and / or HfC> 2 can also be provided, totally or partially, in the form of a precursor of zirconia and / or of hafnie, a precursor of zirconia or of hafnie being a set of one or more constituents, which , during sintering of a process according to the invention, turns into zirconia or hafnie, respectively.
- Y2O3 and / or CeC> 2 can be provided, for more than 90%, more than 95%, preferably 100%, in percentage by mass based on the oxides, in the form of yttrin and / or of cerine.
- Y2O3 and / or CeC> 2 can also be provided, totally or partially, in the form of an yttrin and / or cerine precursor, an yttrin and / or cerine precursor being a set of one or more constituents, which , during sintering of a process according to the invention, is transformed into yttrin and / or cerine, respectively.
- the particulate mixture consists of oxides for more than 99% of its mass
- the particulate mixture does not contain a zirconia precursor
- zirconium preferably more than 99%, preferably substantially all of the zirconium is present in the form of zirconia ZrC> 2;
- the particulate mixture does not contain a hafnia precursor
- the particulate mixture does not contain an yttrin precursor
- yttrium preferably more than 95% of the yttrium, preferably more than 99%, preferably substantially all of the yttrium is present in the form of zirconia at least partially stabilized at Y2O3 and / or ytttrin Y2O3;
- the particulate mixture does not contain a cerine precursor
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.9% and less than or equal to 2.5%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2;
- the CeC> 2 content is greater than or equal to 0.3% and less than 0.7%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2;
- the oxide pigment content is greater than 2% and less than 8%, in percentages by weight on the basis of the oxides;
- the AI2O3 content in percentages by mass based on the oxides, is greater than or equal to 0.2% and less than or equal to 1, 2%, or less than 0.1%;
- the particulate mixture does not contain an alumina precursor; - more than 95%, preferably more than 99% of the aluminum, preferably substantially all of the aluminum, is present in the form of alumina Al 2 O 3 ;
- the oxide pigment does not contain the element aluminum and / or does not contain the element cerium and / or does not contain the element yttrium and / or does not contain the element zirconium;
- the oxide pigment consists for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of its mass of an oxide of spinel structure chosen from a spinel of iron and chromium, a spinel of iron and cobalt, a spinel of iron and chromium and cobalt, a spinel of cobalt and magnesium and zinc and chromium, a spinel of cobalt and nickel and iron and chromium, a spinel of nickel and manganese and iron and chromium, a spinel of zinc and manganese and chromium and iron, a spinel of manganese and iron, a spinel of chromium and iron and nickel, a spinel of cobalt and chromium, spinel of copper and chromium, spinel of cobalt and titanium, spinel of iron and titanium, spinel of zinc and iron, spinel of zinc and iron and chromium, a spinel of cobalt and tin
- the oxide pigment consists for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of its mass of a spinel chosen from a spinel of iron and chromium having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe2Ü3 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe203 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0 and less than 3, an iron and cobalt spinel having a ratio mass of iron expressed as Fe2Ü3 on cobalt expressed as C03O4, Fe 2 C> 3 / Co 3 C> 4 greater than 0.5 and less than 4, a spinel of iron and chromium and cobalt exhibiting a mass ratio of iron expressed as Fe2Ü3 to chromium expressed as Cr 2 C> 3, Fe203 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0.5 and less than 3, and a mass ratio of iron expressed as Fe2Ü3 on cobalt expressed in the form C03O4, Fe 2 C> 3 / Co 3 C> 4 greater than 0.5 and less than
- the particulate mixture has a median size (D 5 o) less than 2 ⁇ m and / or a ratio (D 9O -DI O ) / D 5O less than 2.
- the invention also relates to an intermediate product consisting of particles bound by means of an organic binder, said particles together forming, after debinding of the intermediate product, a particulate mixture according to the invention.
- the debinding must be carried out under conditions which do not substantially modify the characteristics (composition, dimensions, specific surface area, etc.) of the particles of the particulate mixture.
- the debinding can be carried out at a temperature low enough not to modify said particles.
- the debinding can also be, for example, a solvent debinding.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a sintered product of colored zirconia, said method comprising the following steps: a) preparation of a starting charge comprising a particulate mixture according to the invention, optionally in the form of a intermediate product according to the invention, and optionally one or more organic constituents; b) shaping of said starting charge so as to obtain a preform; c) sintering of said preform at a temperature greater than or equal to 1300 ° C., so as to obtain a sintered product of colored zirconia.
- the invention also relates to a sintered product of colored zirconia exhibiting a chemical analysis such as, in percentages by mass based on the oxides:
- element E being chosen from group G E (1) formed by formed by iron, chromium and a mixture of iron and chromium,
- the element F being chosen from group GF (1) formed by mixtures of tin and vanadium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and of niobium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and tungsten, mixtures of titanium and niobium and manganese, mixtures of tin and chromium, mixtures of chromium and titanium and antimony, mixtures of nickel and antimony and titanium, and mixtures thereof,
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.9% and less than or equal to 2.5%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2;
- the CeC> 2 content is greater than or equal to 0.3% and less than 0.7%, in molar percentages on the basis of the sum of ZrC> 2, H%, Y20 3 and CeC>2;
- the oxide pigment content is greater than 2% and less than 8%, in percentages by weight on the basis of the oxides;
- the sintered product of colored zirconia consists for more than 99% of its mass of oxides, and / or has an average grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m, and / or has a grain size distribution exhibiting a standard deviation less than 0.15 ⁇ m;
- - oxides which are “other oxides” and which are not included in the oxide pigment, preferably impurities: ⁇ 1%, the contents of Y2O3 and CeC> 2, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2 , HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2, being such that the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.9% and less than or equal to 2.5%, and the CeC content> 2 is greater than or equal to 0 , 3% and less than 0.7%, and - contains 3% to 7% of an oxide pigment consisting for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of its mass of an oxide of spinel structure chosen from a spinel of iron and chromium having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2 Ü3 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe203 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0 and less than 3, an iron and cobalt spinel having
- the sintered product of colored zirconia is obtained or likely to have been obtained from a manufacturing process according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a sintered product of colored zirconia obtained or capable of being obtained by a manufacturing process according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a device chosen from the group formed by a piece of jewelry, a watch, a bracelet, a necklace, a ring, a brooch, a tie pin, a handbag, a telephone, a piece of furniture, a household utensil. , a handle, a switch, a button, a plating, a visible part of a consumer good equipment, a part of a spectacle frame, a tableware, a welding pin and a frame, said device comprising a product sintered according to the invention or manufactured according to a process according to the invention.
- the term “sintering” is used to refer to consolidation by heat treatment at at least 1100 ° C of a granular agglomerate (“preform”), possibly with a partial or total melting of some of its constituents (but not all of its constituents. constituents).
- the "grains" of a sintered product consist of the particles of the particulate mixture agglomerated by sintering.
- percentiles 10 (noted D 10 ), 50 (noted D 5 o) and 90 (noted D 90 ) of a powder or a particulate mixture, the particle sizes corresponding to the percentages respectively equal to 10% , 50% and 90%, by mass, on the cumulative particle size distribution curve of the particle sizes of the powder or particulate mixture respectively, said particle sizes being classified in increasing order.
- 10% by mass of the particles of the powder or of the particulate mixture thus have a size less than Di 0 and 90% of the particles, by mass, have a size greater than or equal to Di 0 .
- the percentiles can for example be determined using a laser particle size analyzer.
- the term “median size” of a powder of particles or of a particulate mixture is the 50 percentile, D 5 o.
- the median size therefore divides the particles of the powder or of the particulate mixture, into first and second populations equal in mass, these first and second populations comprising only particles having a size greater than or equal to, or less, respectively, than the median size.
- the term "average size" of the grains of a sintered product is the dimension measured using a "Mean Linear Intercept" method. One such measurement method is described in ASTM E1382.
- a perovskite crystallographic structure conventionally corresponds to a particular arrangement of elements in sites conventionally called “sites A” and “sites B". We usually call “elements A” and “elements B” the elements arranged on sites A and B, respectively.
- oxides of perovskite structure include in particular compounds of formula ABO 3 . Not all A and / or B sites are always occupied by A and / or B elements, respectively.
- a lanthanum manganese oxide (LM) of perovskite structure is a compound where element A is lanthanum and element B is manganese. Its structure is conventionally defined by a formula of the LaMnC> 3 type.
- a spinel crystallographic structure classically corresponds to a particular arrangement of elements C and D in sites classically called "octahedral sites” and "tetrahedral sites”.
- the compounds having a spinel crystallographic structure include in particular the compounds of formula CD 2 O 4 called “direct spinels”, in which the element C occupies a tetrahedral site and the element D occupies an octahedral site, and the compounds of formulas D ( C, D) C> 4, called “inverse spinels”, in which the element D occupies tetrahedral and octahedral sites and element C occupies an octahedral site.
- a cobalt-chromium oxide of direct spinel structure is a compound where the element C is cobalt, arranged on C sites, and the element D is chromium, arranged on D sites. Its structure is conventionally defined by a formula of the CoCr 2 C> 4 type .
- a spinel is the reverse spinel TiFe 2 C> 4 , where the C element is titanium disposed at D sites, and the D element is iron disposed at C sites and D sites.
- a hematite crystallographic structure conventionally corresponds to a particular arrangement of elements in sites conventionally called "E sites".
- E sites sites conventionally called "E elements”.
- E elements the elements arranged on the E sites.
- oxides of hematite structure include in particular compounds of formula E 2 C> 3 .
- a rutile crystallographic structure conventionally corresponds to a particular arrangement of elements in sites conventionally called "F sites".
- F sites sites conventionally called "F elements”.
- F elements the elements arranged on the F sites.
- oxides of rutile structure include in particular compounds of formula F0 2 .
- An element A, B, C, D, E, or F can have several constituents.
- a mole fraction of one of these components refers to the mole fraction of that component in said element.
- a pigment is a powder which, when incorporated into a preform, leads, during sintering of a process according to the invention, to coloring.
- oxide pigment is a pigment made up of oxides.
- oxide pigment can consist of a mixture of powders of different natures and which each constitute an oxide pigment, for example comprising a first pigment.
- oxide to an oxide of perovskite structure and a second pigment oxidizes to an oxide of spinel structure, or having a first pigment oxidizes to a first oxide of spinel structure and a second pigment oxidizes to a second oxide of spinel structure, different from the first oxide of spinel structure.
- An oxide pigment conventionally has the form of a powder having a median particle size of less than 50 ⁇ m.
- the present oxide pigment preferably has a median particle size (D 5 o) less than 5 microns, preferably less than 3 microns, preferably less than 2 microns, preferably less than 1 pm.
- the grain corresponding, in the sintered product, to the oxide pigment introduced into the starting charge is also called “oxide pigment”.
- WHERE A PIG is the area measured on an X diffraction diagram obtained with an apparatus of the D8 Endeavor type from the Bruker company provided with a copper DX tube, without deconvolution treatment, of the main peak or of the main diffraction multiplet of the structure considered (perovskite, spinel, hematite or rutile, respectively);
- o Secondary Aphase is the area measured on the same diagram, without deconvolution processing, of the main peak or main multiplet of secondary phase diffraction.
- the secondary phase is the phase exhibiting the main peak or the multiplet with the largest area, without taking into account said structure considered.
- a multiplet is the partial superposition of several peaks. For example, a multiplet composed of two peaks is a doublet, a multiplet composed of three peaks is a triplet.
- the “other oxides” which are not included in the oxide pigment are preferably “impurities”, that is to say inevitable oxides, necessarily introduced with the raw materials.
- impurities that is to say inevitable oxides, necessarily introduced with the raw materials.
- sodium oxides and other alkalis are impurities.
- hafnium oxide is not considered to be an impurity. It is considered that a total impurity content of less than 2% does not substantially modify the results obtained.
- Hf0 2 is considered not to be chemically dissociable from Zr0 2 .
- Zr0 2 or “Zr0 2 + Hf0 2” therefore denote the total content of these two oxides.
- Hf0 2 is not added voluntarily in the starting charge. Hf0 2 therefore only designates traces of hafnium oxide, this oxide always being naturally present in the zirconia sources at contents generally less than 2%.
- a mass content of an oxide of a metallic element relates to the total content of this element expressed in the form of the most stable oxide, according to the usual convention of the industry.
- Zr0 2 , HfC> 2, Y2O3, CeC> 2 and AI2O3 denote the contents of the elements zirconium, hafnium, yttrium, cerium and aluminum after conversion in the form ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3, CeC> 2 and AI2O3 , respectively.
- the form of an oxide of a metallic element is not limited.
- cerium can take the form of ceria CeC> 2, but also the form Ce2C> 3, or the form of an oxide of an oxide pigment. Whatever its form, cerium is therefore conventionally converted into the CeÜ2 form to determine its mass content.
- precursor of an oxide is understood to mean one or more constituents capable of providing said oxide during a sintering step of a manufacturing process according to the invention.
- aluminum hydroxides are precursors of alumina.
- a precursor of said oxide of perovskite structure is a compound consisting of an intimate mixture of the oxides and / or precursors of the oxides composing said oxide of perovskite structure.
- Such an intimate mixture can for example be obtained by co-precipitation or atomization.
- the intimate mixture is consolidated by heat treatment.
- a precursor of this oxide of perovskite structure is an intimate mixture of lanthanum oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide and manganese oxide.
- Another possible precursor is an intimate mixture of precursors of these oxides, such as for example an intimate mixture of lanthanum nitrate, cobalt nitrate, iron nitrate and manganese nitrate.
- a quantity of a precursor of an oxide is said to be "equivalent" to a quantity of said oxide when, during sintering, it leads to said quantity of said oxide.
- temporary is meant “at least partially removed from the preform during sintering” during the implementation of a process according to the invention.
- the specific area is calculated by the BET method (Brunauer Emmet Teller) as described in Journal of American Chemical Society 60 (1938), pages 309 to 316.
- fraction of monoclinic zirconia is used to refer to the ratio Fz r 02 m between the monoclinic zirconia and all the zirconia, expressed as a percentage. This ratio can be determined by X-ray diffraction on the surface of the sample to be characterized (not ground under the form of a powder) by means of an apparatus of the D8 Endeavor type from the company Bruker. The acquisition of the diffraction pattern is carried out from this device, over an angular range 2Q of between 5 ° and 100 °, with a step of 0.01 °, and a counting time of 0.34 s / step.
- the front optic has a primary slit of 0.3 ° and a Soller slit of 2.5 °.
- the sample is rotating on itself at a speed equal to 15 rpm, with use of the automatic knife.
- the rear optic has a 2.5 ° Soller slit, a 0.0125mm nickel filter and a 1D detector with an aperture of 4 °.
- the diffraction patterns are then qualitatively analyzed using EVA software and the ICDD2016 database.
- the diffraction patterns are analyzed, with the HighScore Plus software from the company Malvern Panalytical, according to the following strategy: a “pseudo Voigt split width” function is used, the peaks of the planes (-111 ) and (111) of the monoclinic phase and the peak of the plane (111) of the stabilized phase are chosen using the “Insert Peak” function, the height of each of said peaks being determined by automatic refinement using of the "Default fit profile” function, and taken as being equal to the "Height (cts)" value.
- the fraction of monoclinic zirconia, Fz r 02 m is determined using the following formula:
- At least partially stabilized zirconia is meant a partially stabilized zirconia or a fully stabilized zirconia.
- a partially stabilized zirconia is a zirconia comprising monoclinic zirconia, and having a monoclinic zirconia fraction of less than 50%, the other phases present being the quadratic phase and / or the cubic phase.
- CeC> 2 and Y2O3 serve to stabilize the zirconia but can also be present outside it.
- absolute density of a sintered zirconia product is meant the absolute density MVA calculated using the following equation (1):
- MVA 100 / [(x / 3,987) + (100-x) / MVAz] (1) x being the alumina content, in percentages by mass, and
- MVAz being the absolute density of the zirconia stabilized at Y2O3 and CeC> 2, calculated by dividing the mass of the unit cell of the zirconia by the volume of said unit cell, the zirconia being considered stabilized only in the quadratic phase.
- the volume of the unit cell is calculated using the parameters of said cell determined by X-ray diffraction.
- the mass of the unit cell is equal to the sum of the mass of the elements Zr, O, Y and Ce, present in said cell, considering that all of Y 2 C> 3 and CeC> 2 stabilizes the zirconia.
- bulk density of a sintered product is conventionally meant the ratio equal to the mass of said sintered product divided by the volume occupied by said sintered product. It can be measured by imbibition, according to the principle of Archimedes' push.
- relative density of a sintered product is meant the ratio equal to the apparent density divided by the absolute density, expressed as a percentage.
- Particulate mixture according to the invention The particulate mixture according to the invention is remarkable for its composition.
- a particulate mixture according to the invention preferably consists of oxides for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably for more than 99.5%, preferably for more than 99.9%, of its mass.
- the particulate mixture according to the invention consists substantially entirely of oxides.
- more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably 100% of the zirconium is free of pigment, in percentage by mass.
- more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably 100% of the zirconium is in the form of zirconia, in percentage by mass.
- Y2O3 and CeC> 2 are known zirconia stabilizers.
- they may or may not stabilize the zirconia.
- the particulate mixture should result in a sintered product in which the zirconia is at least partially stabilized, preferably fully stabilized with these oxides.
- the zirconia is preferably at least in part stabilized with Y2O3.
- a powder of cerina CeC> 2 is used as the source of CeC> 2.
- cerium is in the form of ceria and / or a precursor of ceria, preferably in the form of ceria, in percentage by mass, and
- yttrium is in the form of yttrin and / or an ytttrin precursor, in percentage by mass.
- the ceria and / or the ceria precursor and / or the yttrin and / or the yttrin precursor can, partially or totally, be incorporated into the particulate mixture in the form of a powder, that is to say in a separate form of the zirconia, so that, after sintering, the zirconia is at least partly stabilized.
- the median size of the yttrin powder and / or of the yttrin and cerine precursor and / or of the cerine precursor is preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 0.3 ⁇ m. The efficiency of zirconia stabilization is advantageously improved during sintering.
- the particulate mixture comprises particles in which zirconia, stabilized or not, and yttrin and / or ceria are intimately mixed.
- an intimate mixture can for example be obtained by co-precipitation, thermo-hydrolysis or atomization, and optionally consolidated by heat treatment.
- yttrin and / or cerine can be replaced by an equivalent amount of precursor (s).
- the particulate mixture does not contain an yttrin precursor.
- the particulate mixture does not contain a cerine precursor.
- the particulate mixture does not contain a zirconia precursor or a hafnia precursor.
- substantially all of the cerium is present as CeO2 ceria.
- the particulate mixture does not contain substantially any cerium in the Ce2C> 3 form.
- the development of the desired colors is improved thereby.
- the fraction of monoclinic zirconia in the particulate mixture is less than 50%, preferably less than 40%, preferably less than 30%, preferably less than 20%.
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.9%, preferably greater than or equal to 2% and / or preferably less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably less than or equal to 2.4%, preferably less than or equal to 2.2%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2.
- the Y2O3 content outside the oxide pigment is greater than or equal to 1.9%, preferably greater than or equal to 2% and / or preferably less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably less than or equal to 2 , 4%, preferably less than or equal to 2.2%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2.
- the CeC> 2 content is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.3%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.4% and / or preferably less than 0.8 %, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.6%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2.
- the CeC> 2 content outside the oxide pigment is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.3%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.4% and / or preferably less 0.8%, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.6%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2.
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.9%, preferably greater than or equal to 2% and / or preferably less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably less than or equal to 2.4%, preferably less than or equal to 2.2%
- the CeC content> 2 is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.3%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.4% and less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.6%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2.
- the sintered product obtained from the particulate mixture exhibits an excellent compromise between toughness and resistance to hydrothermal aging.
- the Y2O3 content outside the oxide pigment is greater than or equal to 1.9%, preferably greater than or equal to 2% and / or preferably less than or equal to 2.5%, of preferably less than or equal to 2.4%, preferably less than or equal to 2.2%, and the CeC> 2 content outside the oxide pigment is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0, 3%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.4% and less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.6%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC > 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2.
- the particulate mixture according to the invention has an average size of stabilized zirconia crystallites greater than 10 nm, preferably greater than 20 nm and less than 60 nm.
- the average crystallite size is conventionally determined by X-ray diffraction according to the method described later in this description.
- the Al2O3 content is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.25% and preferably less than or equal to 1.2%, preferably less than or equal to 1 %, preferably less than or equal to 0.8%, in percentages by mass based on the oxides.
- the sinterability of the particulate mixture is improved.
- the Al2O3 content outside the oxide pigment is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.25% and preferably less than or equal to 1.2%, preferably less or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.8%, in percentages by mass based on the oxides.
- the Al2O3 content may in particular be less than 0.1%, less than 0.005%, less than 0.003%, less than 0.002%, or substantially zero, in percentages by mass based on the oxides.
- more than 90%, more than 95%, preferably 100% of Al2O3 is in the form of alumina, as a percentage by weight based on AI2O3.
- Alumina can be replaced, in part or in whole, by an alumina precursor.
- Al2O3 is essentially present in the form of corundum.
- the particulate mixture also comprises an oxide pigment.
- the particles of said oxide pigment preferably comprise more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99% of their mass, of a material chosen from:
- - oxides of spinel structure optionally replaced, totally or in part, by an equivalent quantity of precursor (s) of these oxides, - oxides of hematite E2O3 structure, element E being chosen from group GE (1) formed by formed by iron, chromium and a mixture of iron and chromium,
- the element F being chosen from group GF (1) formed by mixtures of tin and vanadium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and niobium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and tungsten, mixtures of titanium and niobium and manganese, mixtures of tin and chromium, mixtures of chromium and titanium and antimony, mixtures of nickel and antimony and titanium, and their mixtures,
- the particles of said oxide pigment of a particulate mixture according to the invention can be obtained by various methods, such as fusion, solid phase synthesis, pyrolysis of salts, precipitation of hydroxides and their calcination, or synthesis by the route sol-gel.
- the constituents of said oxide of perovskite, spinel, hematite or rutile structure represent more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, or even substantially 100% by mass of said material.
- the balance to 100% of the constituents of said oxide of perovskite, spinel, hematite or rutile structure consists of impurities.
- the inventors have discovered that if the particulate mixture comprises more than 10% by mass of said oxide pigment, the mechanical properties, in particular toughness and flexural breaking stress, of the sintered products are degraded.
- a minimum content of 0.5% of said oxide pigment in the particulate mixture is considered essential to obtain a sintered product exhibiting a good appearance with well developed and homogeneous colors.
- the oxide pigment used preferably has a median size of less than 5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 3 ⁇ m, preferably less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the efficiency of said oxide pigment in the sintered product is improved thereby.
- the oxide pigment content is greater than 2%, preferably greater than 3% and / or less than 9%, preferably less than 8%, preferably less than 7%, as a percentage by mass based on the oxides of the particulate mixture.
- the particulate mixture does not contain an oxide pigment containing the element zirconium.
- the particulate mixture does not contain an oxide pigment containing the element cerium.
- the particulate mixture does not contain an oxide pigment containing the element yttrium.
- the particulate mixture does not contain an oxide pigment containing the element aluminum.
- the oxide pigment consists for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of its mass of an oxide of structure perovskite ABO 3 and the particulate mixture according to the invention may also include one, or even more, of the following optional characteristics:
- group GA (1) formed by calcium Ca, strontium Sr, barium Ba, lanthanum La, praseodymium Pr, neodymium Nd, bismuth Bi , and their mixtures;
- element A is chosen from the group GA (2) formed by lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, bismuth and their mixtures;
- the element A is chosen from the group G A (3) formed by lanthanum;
- group G B (1) formed by mixtures of cobalt and iron, mixtures of cobalt and manganese, mixtures of cobalt and chromium, mixtures cobalt and nickel, mixtures of chromium and manganese, mixtures of chromium and nickel, mixtures of chromium and iron, mixtures of manganese and iron, mixtures of manganese and nickel, mixtures of nickel and iron, mixtures of cobalt and titanium, mixtures of cobalt and copper, cobalt, mixtures of chromium and titanium, mixtures of chromium and copper, mixtures of nickel and titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, iron, mixtures of nickel and copper, and mixtures thereof;
- element B is chosen from group GB (2) formed by mixtures of cobalt and iron, mixtures of cobalt and manganese, mixtures of chromium and manganese, mixtures of chromium and iron , mixtures of cobalt and chromium and iron, mixtures of cobalt and chromium and iron and manganese, mixtures of cobalt and iron and manganese, mixtures of cobalt and iron and manganese, mixtures of cobalt and chromium, mixtures of cobalt and of nickel, mixtures of cobalt and titanium, mixtures of cobalt and copper, cobalt, mixtures of chromium and nickel, mixtures of chromium and titanium, mixtures of chromium and copper, mixtures of chromium and iron and manganese, mixtures of nickel and iron, mixtures of nickel and manganese, mixtures of nickel and cobalt, mixtures of nickel and titanium, mixtures of nickel and cobalt and chromium, mixtures of nickel and cobalt
- the oxide pigment consists for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of its mass of an oxide of structure spinel CD 2 O 4 or D (C, D) C> 4 and the particulate mixture according to the invention may also include one, or even more, of the following optional characteristics:
- Said spinel is chosen from an iron and chromium spinel, an iron and cobalt spinel, an iron and chromium and cobalt spinel, a cobalt and magnesium and zinc and chromium spinel, a spinel of cobalt and nickel and iron and chromium, a spinel of nickel and manganese and iron and chromium, a spinel of zinc and manganese and chromium and iron, a spinel of manganese and iron, a spinel of chromium and iron and nickel, spinel of cobalt and chromium, spinel of copper and chromium, spinel of cobalt and titanium, spinel of iron and titanium, spinel of zinc and iron, spinel of zinc and iron and chromium, a spinel of cobalt and tin, a spinel of nickel and iron, a spinel of iron and manganese and chromium, a spinel of zinc and manganese and chromium, and their mixtures;
- said spinel is chosen from an iron and chromium spinel, an iron and cobalt spinel, an iron and chromium and cobalt spinel, a cobalt and nickel spinel and of iron and chromium, a spinel of nickel and manganese and iron and chromium, a spinel of manganese and iron, a spinel of chromium and iron and nickel, a spinel of copper and chromium, and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from a group of spinel of iron and chromium, spinel of iron and cobalt, spinel of iron and chromium and cobalt, and mixtures thereof;
- said spinel is chosen from an iron and chromium spinel having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe2Ü3 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe203 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0 , 3, preferably greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 1 and preferably less than 3, an iron and cobalt spinel having a mass ratio of iron expressed as Fe 2 Ü 3 to cobalt expressed as form C0 3 O 4 , Fe 2 C> 3 / Co 3 C> 4 greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.5 and preferably less than 4, a spinel of iron and chromium and cobalt having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe203 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe203 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1, 3 and preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2.5, preferably less than 2, and a mass ratio of iron expressed as Fe2O3 to iron.
- the element C of the spinel structure is chosen from the group Gc (1) formed by nickel Ni in a molar fraction between 0 and 0.2 or in a molar fraction equal to 1, copper Cu in a molar fraction between 0 and 0.2, iron Fe in a mole fraction between 0.2 and 0.6 or in a mole fraction equal to 1, zinc Zn in a mole fraction between 0 and 0.2 or in a molar fraction equal to 1, manganese Mn in a molar fraction between 0 and 0.4, cobalt Co in a molar fraction between 0 and 0.4 or in a molar fraction between 0.4 and 1, the tin Sn in a mole fraction between 0 and 0.2 or in a mole fraction equal to 1, mixtures of zinc and iron, mixtures of iron and manganese, mixtures of zinc and manganese, mixtures of cobalt and zinc, and mixtures thereof;
- the element C is chosen from the group Gc (2) formed by nickel Ni in a molar fraction of between 0 and 0.2 or in a molar fraction equal to 1, iron Fe in a molar fraction of between 0.2 and 0.6 or in a mole fraction equal to 1, zinc Zn in a mole fraction equal to 1, manganese Mn in a mole fraction between 0 and 0.4, cobalt Co in a mole fraction between 0 and 0.4 or in a molar fraction between 0.4 and 1, tin Sn in a molar fraction between 0 and 0.2 or in a molar fraction equal to 1, mixtures of zinc and iron, mixtures of iron and manganese, mixtures of zinc and manganese, mixtures of cobalt and zinc, and mixtures thereof;
- the element D is chosen from the group GD (2) formed by manganese Mn in a molar fraction of between 0 and 0.4, iron Fe in a molar fraction of between 0.2 and 0.6 and in a molar fraction equal to 1, chromium Cr in a molar fraction between 0 and 0.6 and in a molar fraction equal to 1, titanium Ti in a molar fraction equal to 1, cobalt in a molar fraction equal to to 1 unless element C is cobalt, mixtures of iron and chromium, mixtures of iron and chromium and manganese, mixtures of manganese and chromium, and mixtures thereof;
- the rate of spinel in the 0.5 to 10% of pigment in oxide (s) of spinel structure is greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 99%; Preferably, said rate of spinel is substantially equal to 100%;
- the precursor of said oxide pigment of spinel structure is a compound consisting of an intimate mixture of the oxides and / or precursors of the oxides composing said oxide of spinel structure; such an intimate mixture can for example be obtained by co-precipitation or atomization, preferably consolidated by heat treatment;
- the particulate mixture does not contain a precursor of said oxide pigment of spinel structure.
- the oxide pigment consists for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of its mass of an oxide of structure hematite E2O3, the element E being chosen from the group GE (1) formed by iron, chromium and a mixture of iron and chromium.
- the level of hematite in the 0.5 to 10% of pigment in oxide (s) of hematite structure is greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 99%.
- the level of hematite in said pigment is substantially equal to 100%.
- the oxide pigment consists for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of its mass of an oxide of structure rutile FO2, the element F being chosen from the group GF (1) formed by mixtures of tin and vanadium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and niobium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and tungsten, mixtures of titanium and niobium and manganese, mixtures of tin and chromium, mixtures of chromium and titanium and antimony, mixtures of nickel and antimony and titanium, and mixtures thereof.
- the element F being chosen from the group GF (1) formed by mixtures of tin and vanadium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and niobium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and tungsten, mixtures of titanium and niobium and manganese, mixtures of tin and chromium, mixtures of chromium and titanium and antimony, mixtures
- the level of rutile in the 0.5 to 10% of pigment oxide to oxide (s) of rutile structure is greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 99%.
- the level of rutile in said oxide pigment is substantially equal to 100%.
- the oxide pigment is a mixture of several oxide pigments according to the first to fourth embodiments above.
- a particulate mixture according to the invention preferably comprises an oxide pigment consisting for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, of preference for more than 99% of its mass of an oxide of spinel structure chosen from an iron and chromium spinel, an iron and cobalt spinel, an iron and chromium and cobalt spinel, a cobalt and nickel spinel and iron and chromium, a spinel of nickel and manganese and iron and chromium, a spinel of manganese and iron, a spinel of chromium and iron and nickel, a spinel of copper and chromium, and their mixtures, preferably selected from an iron and chromium spinel, an iron and cobalt spinel, an iron and chromium and cobalt spinel, and mixtures thereof.
- said spinel is chosen from an iron and chromium spinel exhibiting a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2 C> 3 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe 2 O 3 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0.3, preferably greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 1 and preferably less than 3, an iron and cobalt spinel having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2 C> 3 on the cobalt expressed in the form C03O4, Fe 2 C> 3 / Co 3 C> 4 greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.5 and preferably less than 4, a spinel of iron and chromium and cobalt having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2 C> 3 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe 2 03 / Cr 2 03 greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1 , preferably greater than 1, 3 and preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2.5, preferably less than 2 and a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2
- the content of said oxide of spinel structure is greater than 3%, preferably greater than 4% and preferably less than 9%, preferably less than 8%, in percentage by mass based on the mass of the oxides.
- the "other oxides" which are not included in the oxide pigment are preferably impurities. They preferably represent less than 1.5%, preferably less than 1%, more preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.2%, preferably less than 0.1%, in percentage by mass on the basis of oxides.
- a particulate mixture according to the invention may also comprise one or more deflocculant (s) and / or binding agent (s) and / or lubricants, preferably temporary, conventionally used in shaping processes for manufacture of preforms to be sintered, for example an acrylic resin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- deflocculant s
- binding agent s
- lubricants preferably temporary, conventionally used in shaping processes for manufacture of preforms to be sintered, for example an acrylic resin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- the particulate mixture according to the invention has a median size (D 5 o) less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, of preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.3 ⁇ m and / or preferably greater than 0.05 ⁇ m.
- D 5 o median size less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, of preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.3 ⁇ m and / or preferably greater than 0.05 ⁇ m.
- the particulate mixture has a (D 9O -DI O ) / D 5O ratio of less than 2, preferably less than 1.5.
- the particulate mixture has a specific area, calculated by the BET method, greater than 5 m 2 / g and / or preferably less than 20 m 2 / g, preferably less than 15 m 2 / g.
- the particulate mixture can be in a dry form, that is to say it can be obtained directly by mixing the suitable raw materials. It may also have undergone an additional step, for example an atomization step, in particular to improve its chemical homogeneity.
- the particulate mixture according to the invention has the following chemical composition, in percentages by weight based on the oxides:
- the oxides which constitute the oxide pigment are therefore included in the “other oxides”.
- said spinel is chosen from an iron and chromium spinel exhibiting a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2 C> 3 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe 2 O 3 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0.3, preferably greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 1 and preferably less than 3, an iron and cobalt spinel having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2 C> 3 on the cobalt expressed in the form C03O4, Fe 2 C> 3 / Co 3 C> 4 greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.5 and preferably less than 4, a spinel of iron and chromium and cobalt having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2 C> 3 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe 2 03 / Cr 2 03 greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1 , preferably greater than 1, 3 and preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2.5, preferably less than 2 and a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe 2
- the particulate mixture has a median size (D 5 o) of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, of preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.3 ⁇ m and / or preferably greater than 0.05 ⁇ m, and a ratio ( D 9O -DI O ) / D 5O less than 2, preferably less than 1.5.
- D 5 o median size of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, of preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.3 ⁇ m and / or preferably greater than 0.05 ⁇ m, and a ratio ( D 9O -DI O ) / D 5O less
- the particulate mixture according to the invention can be conventionally obtained, for example, by mixing raw materials.
- the powders of raw materials providing the oxides can be ground individually or, preferably, co-ground, if they do not comply with the desired particle size distribution.
- the grinding can be carried out in a humid environment, for example in an attrition mill. After wet grinding, the ground particulate mixture is preferably dried.
- the powders used each have a median size of less than 5 ⁇ m, less than 3 ⁇ m. , less than 2 ⁇ m, less than 1 ⁇ m, less than 0.7 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
- each of these powders has a median size of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m , or even less than 0.3 ⁇ m, or even less than 0.2 ⁇ m, grinding is optional.
- These powders can also be replaced, at least partially, by powders of precursors of these oxides, introduced in equivalent amounts.
- the zirconia powder used has a specific area, calculated by the BET method, greater than 5 m 2 / g, preferably greater than 6 m 2 / g, and less than 20 m 2 / g, preferably less than 15 m 2 / g.
- the sintering temperature in step d) is reduced. The grinding, generally in suspension, and the suspension are also facilitated.
- an alumina powder preferably corundum, is used.
- the powders providing the oxides or the precursors are preferably chosen so that the total content of impurities is less than 2%, as a percentage by weight on the basis of the oxides.
- a particulate mixture according to the invention may also comprise one or more deflocculant (s) and / or binding agent (s) and / or lubricants, preferably temporary, conventionally used in the shaping processes for the manufacture of preforms to be sintered, for example an acrylic resin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- deflocculant s
- binding agent s
- lubricants preferably temporary, conventionally used in the shaping processes for the manufacture of preforms to be sintered, for example an acrylic resin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- such a particulate mixture is ready for use.
- a particulate mixture according to the invention can in particular be packaged in bags.
- the particulate mixture according to the invention is preferably placed in an intermediate form suitable for its purpose.
- the particulate mixture according to the invention can in particular be put in the form of a feed powder which is generally in the form of granules or “pellets” in English, called “feedstock”, more particularly intended for use.
- injection form in the form of a printing paste more particularly intended for shaping by 3D printing or in the form of a powder of granules more particularly intended for shaping by pressing.
- the granule powder has a median size greater than 1 mm and less than 8 mm.
- the granule powder has a median size greater than 20 ⁇ m and less than 100 ⁇ m.
- the particulate mixture according to the invention, or the intermediate product resulting from its intermediate shaping is preferably packaged, for example in bags, pots, drums. or buckets, to be ready for use.
- a sintered product of colored zirconia comprises steps a) and b) described above.
- step a) a starting charge is prepared suitable for the manufacture of a sintered product of colored zirconia.
- the feedstock comprises a particulate mixture according to the invention, optionally in the form of an intermediate according to the invention, and optional constituents.
- the amount of optional constituents is preferably greater than 0.1% and / or less than 70%, as a percentage by mass based on the mass of the dry starting charge, the particulate mixture according to the invention and / or the product. intermediate according to the invention constituting the complement to 100% of the dry starting charge.
- a solvent preferably water, may be added to the starting charge.
- the optional constituents are the constituents conventionally used for the manufacture of sintered ceramic products. They include in particular the organic constituents.
- the organic constituents are preferably chosen from dispersants, viscosity agents, anti-foaming agents, and theirs. mixtures, in an amount preferably greater than 0.1% and less than 5%, as a percentage by mass based on the mass of the dry feedstock.
- the organic constituents are preferably chosen from binding agents, lubricants, resins, plasticizers, in an amount of preferably greater than 0.2% and less than 10%, as a mass percentage based on the mass of the dry feedstock.
- the organic constituents are preferably chosen from surfactants, waxes, polymers, resins, plasticizers, and mixtures thereof, in an amount preferably greater than 25% and less than 65%, as a percentage by mass based on the mass of the dry starting charge.
- the particulate mixture according to the invention in the form of an intermediate according to the invention, no organic component is added to the starting charge.
- step b) the shaping of the starting charge comprising a particulate mixture according to the invention, optionally in the form of an intermediate product, can be carried out conventionally, by any technique known to those skilled in the art. , in particular by slip casting, by pressing, in particular uniaxial pressing or cold isostatic pressing, by injection, in particular by plastic injection or by printing, in particular by 3D printing.
- the pressure applied during uniaxial pressing is greater than 40 MPa and preferably less than or equal to 150 MPa.
- the preform is sintered, preferably under oxidizing conditions, preferably in air, preferably at atmospheric pressure or under pressure (hot pressing) or hot isostatic pressing (“ Hot Isostatic Pressing ”in English, or HIP)), preferably at atmospheric pressure.
- the preform is sintered at a temperature above 1350 ° C and / or preferably below 1600 ° C, preferably below 1550 ° C, preferably below 1500 ° C, preferably below 1450 ° C, of so as to obtain a sintered product of colored zirconia.
- Sintering under oxidizing conditions advantageously avoids a transformation of CeC> 2 into Ce2C> 3, which modifies the coloration obtained.
- the duration of maintenance at the temperature level is preferably greater than 1 hour and / or preferably less than 10 hours, preferably less than 7 hours, preferably less than 5 hours, preferably less than 3 hours.
- the sintering time is between 1 and 3 hours.
- the rate of temperature rise is conventionally between 10 and 100 ° C./h.
- the rate of temperature drop can be free.
- the sintering cycle preferably comprises a plateau of 1 to 4 hours at a temperature between 300 ° C and 600 ° C in order to promote the elimination of said products.
- the sintered product of colored zirconia obtained at the end of step c) can be machined and / or undergo a surface treatment, such as for example polishing or sandblasting, according to any technique known to those skilled in the art.
- a colored zirconia sintered product according to the invention can be manufactured by means of a manufacturing process according to the invention.
- composition of a sintered product according to the invention can be identical to that of a particulate mixture according to the invention, not considering the temporary constituents, in particular, considering only the oxides.
- amount of the various constituents and the nature of the oxide pigment are identical to those described above for the particulate mixture.
- the zirconia is at least partially stabilized at Y2O3 and CeC> 2.
- the monoclinic zirconia fraction is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 1%.
- the zirconia is fully stabilized at Y2O3 and CeC> 2, preferably substantially entirely in the quadratic form.
- the sintered product of colored zirconia according to the invention comprises less than 5%, preferably less than 1%, does not contain substantially any cerium in the Ce2C> 3 form, in mass percentage based on cerium.
- the color of the sintered product according to the invention is close to that desired.
- the sintered product of colored zirconia according to the invention is preferably constituted for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably for more than 99.5%, preferably for more than 99.9%, or even substantially 100% oxides.
- the colored zirconia sintered product according to the invention has an average grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.9 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, and preferably greater than 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 0.2 ⁇ m.
- an average grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.9 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, and preferably greater than 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 0.2 ⁇ m.
- a better compromise between toughness and resistance to hydrothermal aging is obtained.
- the colored zirconia sintered product according to the invention exhibits a grain size distribution having a standard deviation of less than 0.15 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the grains of the oxide pigment of the sintered product of colored zirconia according to the invention preferably comprise more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99% of its mass of a material chosen from:
- element E being chosen from the group GE (1) formed by formed by iron, chromium and a mixture of iron and chromium,
- the element F being chosen from group GF (1) formed by mixtures of tin and vanadium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and niobium, mixtures of titanium and chromium and tungsten, mixtures of titanium and niobium and manganese, mixtures of tin and chromium, mixtures of chromium and titanium and antimony, mixtures of nickel and antimony and titanium, and their mixtures,
- the sintered product of colored zirconia according to the invention is black in color and has the following chemical composition, in percentages by weight based on the oxides:
- - 0% ⁇ AI2O3 £ 1.5% preferably greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.25% and preferably less than or equal to 1.2%, preferably less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.8%; - oxides other than Zr0 2 , HfC> 2, Y2O3, CeC> 2 and AI2O3, or “other oxides”: between 3% and 9%; the Y2O3 and CeC> 2 contents, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrC> 2, HfC> 2, Y2O3 and CeC> 2, being such that the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.9%, preferably greater than or equal to 2% and / or preferably less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably less than or equal to 2.4%, preferably less than or equal to 2.2%, and the CeC content> 2 is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.3%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.4% and less than
- the oxides which constitute the oxide pigment are therefore included in the “other oxides”.
- said spinel is chosen from an iron and chromium spinel having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe203 to chromium expressed in the form Cr 2 C> 3, Fe203 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0, 3, preferably greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 1 and preferably less than 3, an iron and cobalt spinel having a mass ratio of iron expressed in the form Fe2Ü3 to cobalt expressed in the form C03O4, Fe2C > 3 / Co3C> 4 greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.5 and preferably less than 4, a spinel of iron and chromium and cobalt exhibiting a mass ratio of iron expressed as the Fe203 form on chromium expressed as Cr 2 C> 3, Fe203 / Cr 2 C> 3 greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1, 3 and preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2.5, preferably less than 2 and a mass ratio iron expressed as Fe2Ü3 on cobalt expressed as CO3O4, Fe 2 C> 3
- the oxides preferably represent more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably for more than 99.5%, preferably for more than 99.9%, or even substantially 100% of the mass of such a product. black colored zirconia sintered.
- the colored zirconia sintered product has an average grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.9 ⁇ m, of preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, and preferably greater than 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 0.2 ⁇ m, and a distribution of the grain size having a standard deviation of less than 0.15 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the sintered product of colored zirconia according to the invention has a relative density greater than 99.5%, preferably greater than 99.6%, preferably greater than 99.7%, preferably greater than 99.8. %, preferably greater than 99.9%, the absolute density being calculated according to the method described above.
- the colored zirconia sintered product according to the invention has a bulk density greater than 5.98 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than 5.99 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than 6.00 g / cm 3 and preferably less than 6.02 g / cm 3 .
- the sintered product of colored zirconia according to the invention has a toughness greater than 12 MPa.m 1/2 , preferably greater than 13 MPa.m 1/2 , preferably greater than 13.5 MPa.m 1 / 2 .
- the invention relates to a device chosen from the group formed by a piece of jewelry, a watch, a bracelet, a necklace, a ring, a brooch, a tie pin, a handbag, a telephone, a piece of furniture, a household utensil. , a handle, a switch, a button, a plating, a visible part of a consumer good equipment, a part of an eyeglass frame, a tableware, a welding pin and a frame, said device comprising a part into a sintered product of colored zirconia according to the invention or made from a particulate mixture according to the invention.
- the zirconia sintered product is a black colored product as described above.
- Said device may have a support on which a part made of a sintered product of colored zirconia according to the invention is glued, clipped, sewn, or inserted by force. Said part can also be co-sintered with its support.
- the device is packaged, for example in a sachet, a box, or a container, for example in a packaging comprising, or even consisting of, paper and / or cardboard and / or plastic or metal , preferably in sheet, preferably in flexible sheet.
- the packaging bears information specifying the destination of the device and / or the technical characteristics of the device.
- the bulk density of the sintered products is measured by hydrostatic weighing.
- the lattice parameters necessary for calculating the absolute density of the at least partially stabilized zirconia are determined by X-ray diffraction on the surface of the sample to be characterized (the sample not being ground in the form of a powder) by means of a device of the type D8 Endeavor from the company Bruker.
- the parameters necessary for the acquisition of the diffraction pattern are identical to those used for the acquisition of the diffraction pattern necessary for the determination of the fraction of monoclinic zirconia.
- sample displacement (or “sample displacement") using the "SyCos" function
- the space group of the partially substituted quadratic zirconia lattice being P 42 / nmc (137), considered identical to that of the unsubstituted quadratic zirconia lattice.
- the chemical analysis of the sintered products is measured by "Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry", or "ICP", for the elements whose content does not exceed 0.5%.
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry
- a bead of the product to be analyzed is made by melting the product, then the chemical analysis is carried out by X-ray fluorescence.
- the average grain size of the sintered products is measured by the “Mean Linear Intercept” method.
- One such method is described in ASTM E1382. According to this standard, lines of analysis are drawn on images of the sintered products, then, along each line of analysis, the lengths, called “intercepts”, are measured between two consecutive grain boundaries intersecting said line of to analyse.
- the intercepts were measured on images, obtained by scanning electron microscopy, of samples of sintered products, said sections having previously been polished until a mirror quality was obtained and then thermally etched, at a temperature 50 ° C lower than the sintering temperature, to reveal the grain boundaries.
- the magnification used for taking the images is chosen so as to visualize approximately 100 grains on an image. 5 images per sintered product were taken.
- the standard deviation of the grain size distribution is 1.56 times the standard deviation of the "I" intercept distribution.
- the specific surface of a powder is measured by the BET method (Brunauer Emmet Teller) described in Journal of American Chemical Society 60 (1938), pages 309 to 316.
- the 10, 50 and 90 percentiles of the powders and of the particulate mixtures are conventionally measured using a laser particle size analyzer of the LA950V2 model marketed by the company Horiba.
- the average size of the stabilized zirconia crystallites, D, of a zirconia powder is determined by X-ray diffraction on the surface of the sample to be characterized (the sample not being ground in the form of a powder) using a device of the type D8 Endeavor from the company Bruker, using the following equation: [Math 1] 180 p
- K being equal to 0.89
- l being the wavelength of the X-rays, here equal to 1.5418 Angstrom
- B being the width at mid-height of the peak of the (111) plane of the stabilized zirconia, in degrees
- b being the width at mid-height of the peak of the monocrystalline silicon standard used
- 2Q being the angle of the maximum intensity of the peak corresponding to the (111) plane of the stabilized zirconia, in degrees.
- the acquisition of the diffraction patterns of the monocrystalline silicon standard and of the example is carried out, over an angular range 2Q between 5 ° and 100 °, with a step of 0.01 °, and a counting time of 0.34 s / step.
- the front optic has a primary slit of 0.3 ° and a Soller slit of 2.5 °.
- the characterized sample is rotating on itself at a speed equal to 15 rpm, with use of the automatic knife.
- the rear optic features a 2.5 ° Soller slit, 0.0125mm nickel filter, and a 1D detector with an aperture of 4 °.
- the width at half height of the peaks is determined using the HighScore Plus software.
- the deconvolution function used is a Pseudo-Voigt with an asymmetry of the Split Width type. The standard and the samples are deconvoluted under the same conditions.
- the resistance to hydrothermal aging of the sintered products of the examples is evaluated by the following method.
- Each sample having the shape of a disc with a diameter equal to 25 mm and a thickness equal to 2 mm, is polished on one of the large faces using an abrasive paper disc having an equal size of abrasive particles. at 3 pm. Polishing is carried out so as not to generate monoclinic zirconia on the polished surface.
- the polished samples are then subjected to an accelerated aging test according to the following protocol: the samples are placed in a Teflon crucible with a diameter equal to 80 mm and a capacity equal to 0.5 liter. Said crucible is placed in an autoclave with a diameter equal to 100 mm and a capacity equal to 1 liter. 100 ml of water are added to the autoclave, outside the crucible. The autoclave is closed and the whole is brought to a temperature of 135 ° C for 5 hours, at autogenous pressure.
- the tenacity of the sintered products of the examples is approximated by the value of the resistance to fracture by indentation, according to the ISO 14627 standard, on disks with a diameter equal to 32 mm and a thickness equal to 3 mm, the number of disks per product to be tested being equal to 3, the surface on which the indentation is made being polished so that it has a roughness Ra ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m, the measurements being carried out at room temperature, with the application of a force equal to 98 N for a time equal to 15 seconds, 5 indentations being made per disc, the value of the modulus of elasticity being equal to 205 GPa.
- the measurements of the color parameters are carried out according to standard NF ISO 7724 on polished parts, the last polishing step having been carried out with a Mecaprex LD32-E 1 pm diamond preparation marketed by the company PRESI, using a CM-2500d camera, manufactured by the Konica Minolta company, with illuminant D65 (natural light), observer at 10 °, and specular reflection excluded.
- a yttriated zirconia powder containing a molar content of Y2O3 equal to 3%, having a specific area of the order of 10 m 2 / g and a median size of less than 0.3 ⁇ m for example 1,
- a yttriated zirconia powder containing a molar content of Y2O3 equal to 2%, having a specific area of the order of 10 m 2 / g and a median size of less than 0.3 ⁇ m for examples 2 to 5,
- the relative density of a powder of granules being the ratio equal to the actual density divided by the mass absolute density, expressed as a percentage
- the absolute density of a powder of granules being the ratio equal to the mass of dry matter of said powder after grinding to a fineness such that substantially no closed pore remains, divided by the volume of this mass after grinding, measured by helium pycnometry
- the actual density of a powder of granules being the average of the bulk densities of each granule of the powder, the bulk density of a granule being the equal ratio to the mass of said granule divided by the volume occupied by said granule.
- step b) each powder of granules was then pressed on a uni-axial press at a pressure equal to 100 MPa.
- step c) the preforms obtained were then transferred to a sintering furnace where they were brought, at a speed of 100 ° C / h, up to 1400 ° C. The temperature of 1400 ° C was maintained for 2 hours. The temperature drop was carried out by natural cooling.
- Tables 1, 2 and 3 below summarize the composition of the particulate mixtures used in step a), their characteristics and the characteristics of the sintered products obtained, respectively.
- Example 5 outside the invention, is provided in order to serve as a basis for comparison with the examples according to the invention.
- the tenacity is greater than or equal to 12 MPa.m 1/2 , preferably greater than 13 MPa.m 1/2 and when the fraction of monoclinic zirconia after aging test as described is less than or equal to 25%, preferably less than or equal to 20%, the product is considered satisfactory.
- Examples 1 and 2 representative of the state of the art are therefore not satisfactory: Example 1 has a low toughness equal to 5.5 MPa.m 1/2 , and Example 2 has a low resistance to water. hydrothermal aging (fraction of monoclinic zirconia after aging test equal to 52%).
- Example 5 outside the invention, shows that a CeC content> 2 equal to 1%, as a mole percentage based on ZrC> 2 + HfC> 2 + Y2O3 + CeC> 2 does not make it possible to reach the objective in terms of tenacity: the tenacity obtained is in fact equal to 11 MPa.m 1/2 .
- Example 3 is the most preferred example.
- the inventors have found that the simultaneous presence of a low content of yttrium oxide, a low content of cerium oxide, and an oxide pigment, in a particulate mixture according to the The invention advantageously makes it possible to obtain a sintered product of colored zirconia having a toughness greater than or equal to 12 MPa.m 1/2 and a fraction of monoclinic zirconia after aging test as described, less than or equal to 25%.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2003343A FR3108905B1 (fr) | 2020-04-03 | 2020-04-03 | Zircone coloree |
| PCT/EP2021/058814 WO2021198519A1 (fr) | 2020-04-03 | 2021-04-02 | Zircone coloree |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4126792A1 true EP4126792A1 (fr) | 2023-02-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21716204.9A Withdrawn EP4126792A1 (fr) | 2020-04-03 | 2021-04-02 | Zircone coloree |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230183137A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4126792A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN115697940A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3108905B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021198519A1 (fr) |
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| KR102618964B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-12-27 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 세가지 치과용 지르코니아의 표면 하층 손상 방지와 상변화를 통한 압축 응력 유도를 위한 샌드블라스팅 표면처리방법 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07110785B2 (ja) * | 1985-10-02 | 1995-11-29 | 京セラ株式会社 | 茶色系ジルコニア焼結体の製造方法 |
| CH687680A5 (fr) * | 1994-04-19 | 1997-01-31 | Asulab Sa | Procédé de fabrication d'un article en zircone noire et article décoratif noir obtenu selon ce procédé. |
| JP2005289721A (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Tosoh Corp | 着色ジルコニア焼結体及びその製造方法 |
| JP4853103B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-18 | 2012-01-11 | 東ソー株式会社 | 黒色ジルコニア焼結体用粉末及びその焼結体並びに着色剤 |
| KR100840777B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-25 | 2008-06-23 | (주)에큐세라 | 정방정 지르코니아 복합 분말, 정방정 지르코니아-알루미나복합체, 그 제조방법 |
| FR2947261B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-05-04 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Zircone frittee coloree. |
| WO2017038937A1 (fr) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-09 | 東ソー株式会社 | Corps fritté contenant de la zircone rouge et son procédé de fabrication |
| CN108546117B (zh) * | 2018-04-24 | 2021-08-03 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | 陶瓷壳体、移动终端及陶瓷壳体的制造方法 |
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2020
- 2020-04-03 FR FR2003343A patent/FR3108905B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2021
- 2021-04-02 US US17/916,697 patent/US20230183137A1/en active Pending
- 2021-04-02 WO PCT/EP2021/058814 patent/WO2021198519A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-04-02 CN CN202180039493.8A patent/CN115697940A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-02 EP EP21716204.9A patent/EP4126792A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR3108905B1 (fr) | 2023-04-07 |
| FR3108905A1 (fr) | 2021-10-08 |
| CN115697940A (zh) | 2023-02-03 |
| US20230183137A1 (en) | 2023-06-15 |
| WO2021198519A1 (fr) | 2021-10-07 |
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