EP4124433B1 - Mehrachsige werkzeugmaschine für relativ zerbrechliche materialplatten und gravurverfahren - Google Patents

Mehrachsige werkzeugmaschine für relativ zerbrechliche materialplatten und gravurverfahren

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Publication number
EP4124433B1
EP4124433B1 EP22187564.4A EP22187564A EP4124433B1 EP 4124433 B1 EP4124433 B1 EP 4124433B1 EP 22187564 A EP22187564 A EP 22187564A EP 4124433 B1 EP4124433 B1 EP 4124433B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
movable member
engraving
machine
fork
wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22187564.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4124433A1 (de
Inventor
Giorgio DONATONI
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP4124433A1 publication Critical patent/EP4124433A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/043—Gantry type sawing machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/003—Multipurpose machines; Equipment therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/22—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by cutting, e.g. incising
    • B28D1/225—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by cutting, e.g. incising for scoring or breaking, e.g. tiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D7/00—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines or devices of the preceding groups

Definitions

  • the present invention generally finds application in the technical field of processing slabs of relatively fragile material and particularly relates to a multiaxial machine tool.
  • the invention also relates to a method for engraving slabs of relatively fragile material using the aforementioned machine.
  • these devices have a handle suitable for being gripped by an operator and at the end thereof a high hardness tool is mounted, suitable for being pressed against the slab and moved along its surface to engrave this latter.
  • machine tools comprising a portal structure designed to delimit a working area and at least one horizontal beam on which a head for processing the slabs is slidingly mounted.
  • the machine tool comprises a carriage sliding on the main beam and a cutting head movable above the slab with an electrospindle to which a disk-shaped tool for cutting the slab is rotatably associated.
  • the machine tool can be equipped with automatic devices for handling the slabs, loading/unloading and/or transferring the products being processed from one area to another to allow automatic processing.
  • the cutting head is configured to be coupled to other types of tools, e.g., a chamfering tool with an appropriately shaped grinding wheel.
  • the machine tool can be used for processing slabs in stone material, such as marble or granite, but not for processing slabs of relatively fragile material such as ceramic or glass.
  • machine tools have been developed for the automatic engraving of slabs of relatively fragile material adapted to be used in combination with machine tools for slabs of stone material in order to allow processing of both glass and stone slabs.
  • portal machine tools comprising a pair of side-by-side carriages sliding on the main beam and respectively provided with a cutting head for slabs in stone material and a device for engraving slabs of relatively fragile material.
  • Document CN 112 519 006 B discloses the preamble of claim 1, in particular a machine tool for cutting rock slabs having a head with a saw tool and provided with a scribing mechanism that is fixedly connected to the lower part of the head.
  • the head has no means for inclining the saw relative to the support surface of the frame.
  • JP2015 223819 discloses a scribing head with a cutter wheel that is able to process a scribe line on a substrate surface, the head having a holder of the cutter wheel that is free to rotate about a vertical axis.
  • EP1 700 677 discloses a device for scribing a line on a substrate having a scribing head, means for moving the head on a surface parallel to the substrate and means for exerting a pressure on the head.
  • the technical problem addressed by the present invention consists in engraving slabs of relatively fragile material with a machine tool normally used for cutting stone materials thus limiting the construction and management costs of the machine as a whole.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problem by providing a device for engraving slabs of relatively fragile material that is highly efficient and relatively cost effective.
  • a particular object of the present invention is to provide a multiaxial machine tool for cutting stone materials, such as marble and granite.
  • a further particular object of the present invention is to provide a multiaxial machine tool of the above-described type that makes the engraving processing of the slabs particularly quick and simple.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a multiaxial machine tool of the above-described type that allows a slab to be engraved automatically and by pure rolling along a predetermined path.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a multiaxial machine tool of the above-described type that allows to adjust the engraving pressure of the slab and to engrave it uniformly along the entire engraving path.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a multiaxial machine tool and a method that do not require particular skills from an operator assigned to its management.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a multiaxial machine tool of the above-described type that allows to adjust the incision thickness of the slab.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a multiaxial machine tool and a method of the above-described type that allow slabs of relatively fragile material to be processed at a high speed.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a multiaxial machine tool of the above-described type that allows dry engraving of slabs of relatively fragile material.
  • a multiaxial machine tool having a working head placed above a substantially horizontal support surface and a device for engraving slabs of relatively fragile material, such as ceramic or glass, as defined in claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an engraving method using the aforementioned multiaxial machine tool and an engraving device, as defined in claim 13.
  • a device for engraving slabs L of relatively fragile material, such as ceramic or glass.
  • the multiaxial machine tool can be for example of the portal type, which comprises a substantially horizontal main beam movable along first longitudinal guide means anchored to the ground.
  • the machine comprises a working head 2 slidingly mounted on the main beam and placed above a substantially horizontal support surface P.
  • the machine tool with its working head 2 can be used to cut or shape slabs in stone materials, such as marble, stone, granite, stone, cement or ceramic conglomerates, following cutting paths controlled by the PLC unit of the machine.
  • stone materials such as marble, stone, granite, stone, cement or ceramic conglomerates
  • head 2 comprises a fork 3 movable along three Cartesian axes X, Y, Z integral with the support surface P and rotatable around a first vertical axis Z and adapted to support at least one working unit 4 for cutting stone slabs.
  • the fork 3 can comprise a flange 5 which can be coupled to rotation means, not shown in the figures, configured to impart to the working unit 4 a rotation around the Z axis to vary its cutting direction.
  • the working unit 4 comprises at least one electrospindle 6 provided with a disk-shaped tool V for cutting the slabs of stone material and coupled to the fork 3 in such a manner to rotate around a first rotation axis R 1 which is substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the vertical axis Z, as better depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the electrospindle 6 is rotatably mounted on the fork 3 so that it can be tilted around an inclination axis H which is also horizontal and perpendicular to the first rotation axis R 1 .
  • the electrospindle 6, and therefore the tool V of the working unit 4 is tiltable with respect to the support surface P to allow the performance of inclined cuts or material removal machining, such as contouring and/or chamfering.
  • the working unit 4 can be equipped with further cutting means other than the disk-shaped tool, for example with high-pressure water jets or with drilling bits, also tiltable unitary with the electrospindle around the inclination axis H.
  • the fork 3 can also be combined with a manipulator device of the suction cup type for handling the slabs on the support surface P.
  • the support surface P of the machine tool for the slabs to be processed may have a fixed or movable supporting surface.
  • head 2 can be mounted on the main beam and the support surface P for the slabs may have a surface that is rotatable around a vertical axis to facilitate the orientation of the product being processed with respect to the working head 2 and to the engraving device 1.
  • the slab L of relatively fragile material is arranged on the support surface P to have a substantially flat upper surface L A of the slab facing upwards and facing the working head 2, a lower surface L B resting to the support surface P, and a thickness s of predetermined and substantially constant sizes.
  • the device 1 comprises a movable member 8 operatively associable to the fork 3 and having at its lower end a rolling tool 9 with a second substantially horizontal axis of rotation R 2 , configured to engrave by rolling a slab L resting on the support surface P along a predetermined engraving path.
  • the rolling tool 9 is free to rotate due to the contact with the upper surface L A of the slab L to engrave an incision line.
  • the working head 2 in combination with the device 1 it will be possible to carry out a greater number of working operations on the same slab L of relatively fragile material, such as, for example, a first abrasion operation of a ceramic slab L by means of the disk-shaped tool V and a second engraving operation by means of the rolling tool 9, as well as the subsequent breaking by tensioning along the engraving path.
  • the movable member 8 protrudes laterally from the fork 3 so as to selectively extend downwards, along a vertical direction or a second vertical axis W, and without interfering with the working unit 4.
  • the movable member 8 can move between an inoperative position in which the rolling tool 9 does not interact with the slab L, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 , and an operating position in which the tool 9 is in contact with the slab L, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 .
  • the movable member 8 is coupled to actuator means 10 adapted to promote movement thereof towards the slab L and/or along the vertical direction W and selected from the group comprising pneumatic or hydraulic actuators, worm screw, pinion and rack, linear motors or similar systems.
  • These actuator means 10 comprise a fixed part positioned on a side plate 12 of the fork 3 and a movable part provided by the member 8.
  • the actuator means 10 comprise a pneumatic cylinder having a fixed part or jacket 11 anchored to the side plate 12 and a movable part comprising a stem, wherein in the fixed part 11 there is a provided a pressure chamber, not visible in the figures, in which a piston, also not visible in the figures, integral with the member 8 slides.
  • the actuator means 10 are associated with guide means 13 to accurately guide the movable member 8 in its vertical movement.
  • the guide means 13 comprise a pair of cylindrical or prismatic guides 13', 13" adapted to keep the movable member 8 perpendicular to the support surface P during its vertical movement and during the rotation of the rolling tool 9.
  • the rolling tool 9 comprises an adapter 14 which is anchorable to the lower end of the movable member 8 and a wheel 15 idly pivoted on the adapter 14 and rotatable around the second rotation axis R 2 .
  • the member 8 acts on the adapter 14 to push the wheel 15 downwards along the substantially vertical direction W in such a manner to vary and adjust the engraving pressure of the wheel 15 as well as the engraving thickness of the slab L to engrave the latter uniformly and along a predetermined path.
  • the adapter 14 may be provided with a fitting 16 connected to a supply pipe 17 of a lubricating or refrigerant fluid in order to reduce the frictional forces and the rolling resistance of the wheel 15.
  • the adapter 14 is integral with the lower end of the movable member 8 to engrave the relatively fragile material being processed along the predetermined path while the fork 3 is moved along the Cartesian axes X, Y and rotated around the first vertical axis Z.
  • the adapter 14 is anchored to the lower end of the movable member 8 in a floating manner, i.e., with freedom of rotation around the substantially vertical axis W during the dragging with respect to the material being processed along the predetermined path while the fork 3 is moved only along the Cartesian axes X, Y.
  • the substantially horizontal axis R 2 of the wheel 15 does not intersect the second vertical axis W and is offset with respect to the latter by a predetermined distance d, as better illustrated in FIG. 10 .
  • the wheel 15 is hinged on the adapter 14 with minimal friction and has a substantially circular peripheral cutting edge.
  • the peripheral cutting edge can be made of a material selected from the group comprising tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, industrial diamond, or a combination thereof.
  • First sensor means are also provided, not shown in the figures, for detecting and controlling the pressure exerted by the movable member 8 on the wheel 15 and therefore the incision force on the relatively fragile material being processed.
  • the first sensor means can comprise an adjustable pressure switch associated with the actuator means 10.
  • the pressure switch can be interposed between the pressure chamber of the pneumatic cylinder and a source of pressurized fluid.
  • the device 1 can be provided with second sensor means, not shown in the figures, for detecting the position of the movable member 8 with respect to the upper surface L A of the slab L.
  • the adjustable pressure switch and the second sensor means are associated with an electronic control unit adapted to vary the engraving pressure of the wheel 15 as a function of the relatively fragile material being processed and the thickness s of the slab L to be engraved or pre-cut.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
  • the multiaxial machine tool and the related engraving method achieve the intended purposes and in particular allow to simplify the processing and the engraving operations particularly quick.
  • the present invention might find application in industry, because it can be realized on an industrial scale by industries belonging to the field of processing relatively fragile materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Eine mehrachsige Werkzeugmaschine mit einem oberhalb einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Auflagefläche (P) angeordneten Arbeitskopf (2) und einer Vorrichtung (1) zum Gravieren von Platten (L) aus relativ zerbrechlichem Material, wie Keramik oder Glas;
    wobei der Kopf (2) eine Gabel (3) umfasst, die entlang drei kartesischer Achsen (X, Y, Z) beweglich und um eine erste vertikale Achse (Z) drehbar ist, um mindestens eine Arbeitseinheit (4) zu tragen;
    wobei die Vorrichtung (1) ein bewegliches Element (8) umfasst, das mit der Gabel (3) betriebswirksam verbindbar ist und an seinem unteren Ende ein Wälzwerkzeug (9) mit einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Drehachse (R2 ) aufweist, das so ausgelegt ist, dass es eine auf der Auflagefläche (P) ruhende Platte (L) entlang eines vorgegebenen Gravurpfades durch Abrollen graviert;
    wobei das Wälzwerkzeug (9) einen Adapter (14) umfasst, der dazu eingerichtet ist, am unteren Ende des beweglichen Elements (8) verankert zu werden, sowie ein kleines Gravurrad (15), das frei drehbar an dem Adapter gelagert ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Arbeitseinheit (4) mindestens eine Elektrospindel (6) umfasst, die mit einem scheibenförmigen Werkzeug (V) zum Schneiden von Platten aus Steinmaterial versehen ist und mit der Gabel (3) derart gekoppelt ist, dass sie um eine erste Drehachse (R1 ) rotiert, die im Wesentlichen horizontal und senkrecht zur vertikalen Achse (Z) ist, wobei der Adapter (14) am unteren Ende des beweglichen Elements (8) in schwimmender Weise verankert ist, mit Rotationsfreiheit um eine zweite, im Wesentlichen vertikale Achse (W) des beweglichen Elements (8), wobei das kleine Gravurrad (15) ferner um eine zweite Drehachse (R2 ) drehbar ist, um das zu bearbeitende Material entlang des vorgegebenen Pfades zu gravieren, und wobei die Gabel (3) zweidimensional entlang der horizontalen kartesischen Achsen (X, Y) beweglich ist.
  2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche Element (8) seitlich aus der Gabel (3) herausragt, sodass es nach unten verlängert ist, ohne mit der Arbeitseinheit (4) zu interferieren.
  3. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rad (15) mit minimaler Reibung an dem Adapter (14) gelagert ist und eine im Wesentlichen kreisförmige periphere Schneidkante aufweist.
  4. Maschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest die periphere Schneidkante aus einem Material besteht, das aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Wolframkarbid, Titankarbid, Tantalcarbid, Industriediamant oder einer Kombination davon ausgewählt ist.
  5. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Adapter (14) fest mit dem unteren Ende des beweglichen Elements (8) verbunden ist, sodass das zu bearbeitende Material entlang des vorgegebenen Pfades graviert wird, während die Gabel (3) entlang der beiden horizontalen kartesischen Achsen (X, Y) bewegt und um die dritte vertikale kartesische Achse (Z) gedreht wird.
  6. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die im Wesentlichen horizontale Achse (R2 ) des Rades (15) gegenüber der zweiten vertikalen Achse (W) des beweglichen Elements (8) um einen vorgegebenen Abstand (d) versetzt ist.
  7. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass erste Sensormittel vorgesehen sind, um den vom beweglichen Element (8) auf das Rad (15) ausgeübten Druck und somit die Gravurkraft auf das zu bearbeitende Material zu erfassen und zu steuern.
  8. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche Element (8) mit Betätigungsmitteln (10) gekoppelt ist, die geeignet sind, seine Bewegung in Richtung der Platte (L) zu fördern, und die aus der Gruppe bestehend aus pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Systemen, Gewindespindel, Ritzel und Zahnstange, Linearmotoren oder ähnlichen Systemen ausgewählt sind, wobei die Betätigungsmittel (10) einen festen Teil aufweisen, der an einer Seitenplatte (12) der Gabel (3) angeordnet ist.
  9. Maschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Führungsmittel (13) umfasst, die den Betätigungsmitteln (10) zugeordnet sind, um das bewegliche Element (8) präzise entlang der vertikalen Richtung zu führen.
  10. Maschine nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Sensormittel einen einstellbaren Druckschalter umfassen, der den Betätigungsmitteln (10) zugeordnet ist.
  11. Maschine nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der einstellbare Druckschalter mit einer elektronischen Steuereinheit verbunden ist, die geeignet ist, den Gravurdruck des Rades (15) in Abhängigkeit vom Material und der Dicke (s) des zu gravierenden Materials zu variieren.
  12. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Arbeitseinheit (4) mindestens eine Elektrospindel (6) umfasst, die mit einem scheibenförmigen Werkzeug (V) zum Schneiden von Steinmaterial versehen ist.
  13. Verfahren zum Gravieren von Platten (L) aus relativ zerbrechlichem Material, wie Keramik oder Glas, mittels der mehrachsigen Werkzeugmaschine mit einer Gravurvorrichtung gemäß einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - Positionieren einer zu bearbeitenden Platte (L) aus relativ sprödem Material auf der Auflagefläche (P);
    - Verbinden des beweglichen Elements (8) mit Druckeinstellmitteln;
    - Verankern eines Adapters am unteren Ende des beweglichen Elements (8);
    - Bewegen des beweglichen Elements (8) nach unten, um das Wälzwerkzeug (9) in Kontakt mit dem zu gravierenden Material zu bringen;
    - Aktivieren der Druckeinstellmittel, um auf das Rad (15) eine vorgegebene Gravurkraft auszuüben, abhängig vom Material und der Dicke des zu gravierenden Materials;
    - Vorspannen des Materials entlang des Gravurpfades, um den Endschnitt des zu bearbeitenden Materials durchzuführen;
    - freies Lagern eines Rades (15) an dem Adapter (14);
    - Bereitstellen von mindestens einer Elektrospindel (6) mit einem scheibenförmigen Werkzeug (V) zum Schneiden von Steinmaterial und Koppeln derselben an die Gabel (3) zur Drehung um eine erste im Wesentlichen horizontale und zur vertikalen Achse (Z) senkrechte Drehachse (R1);
    - Verankern des Adapters (14) am unteren Ende des beweglichen Elements (8) in schwimmender Weise, mit Rotationsfreiheit um eine zweite, im Wesentlichen vertikale Achse (W) des beweglichen Elements (8);
    - zweidimensionales Bewegen des Kopfes (2) und der Gabel (3), um durch Abrollen des Rades (15) entlang des vorgegebenen Pfades eine Gravur vorzunehmen.
EP22187564.4A 2021-07-30 2022-07-28 Mehrachsige werkzeugmaschine für relativ zerbrechliche materialplatten und gravurverfahren Active EP4124433B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000020618A IT202100020618A1 (it) 2021-07-30 2021-07-30 Dispositivo di incisione per lastre in materiale relativamente fragile e relativo metodo di incisione

Publications (2)

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EP4124433A1 EP4124433A1 (de) 2023-02-01
EP4124433B1 true EP4124433B1 (de) 2026-02-18

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IT (1) IT202100020618A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202100023249A1 (it) * 2021-09-08 2023-03-08 Dario Toncelli Macchina utensile per il taglio e l’incisione di lastre
CN120517098B (zh) * 2025-07-25 2025-10-21 景德镇市大韵陶瓷有限公司 一种大型陶瓷制作翻转装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7676937B2 (en) * 2003-12-29 2010-03-16 Mitsuboshi Diamond Industrial Co., Ltd. Scribe head and scribe device
WO2015159270A1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Dario Toncelli Machining apparatus for stone or stone-like slabs, and related working method
JP6331707B2 (ja) * 2014-05-30 2018-05-30 三星ダイヤモンド工業株式会社 スクライブヘッド並びにスクライブ装置
IT201800007773A1 (it) * 2018-08-02 2020-02-02 Giorgio Donatoni Testa di taglio e bisellatura, macchina multiassiale con tale testa di taglio e bisellatura e relativo metodo di taglio e bisellatura
CN112519006B (zh) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-08 佛山市神创机电有限公司 一种岩板切割机

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IT202100020618A1 (it) 2023-01-30

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