EP4122038A1 - Dispositif de protection pour un composant électronique connecté à une interface - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection pour un composant électronique connecté à une interface

Info

Publication number
EP4122038A1
EP4122038A1 EP21706190.2A EP21706190A EP4122038A1 EP 4122038 A1 EP4122038 A1 EP 4122038A1 EP 21706190 A EP21706190 A EP 21706190A EP 4122038 A1 EP4122038 A1 EP 4122038A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electronic component
compensation element
temperature
electrical
protection device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21706190.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mickael Segret
Holger Wernerus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4122038A1 publication Critical patent/EP4122038A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/105—NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/106—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using temperature dependent resistors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Protection device for an electronic device connected to an interface
  • the present invention relates to a protective device for an electronic component connected to an interface.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a protective device for an electronic component connected to an interface.
  • electrochemical energy carriers for example battery cells.
  • a type that is currently frequently used is the lithium-ion cell, which combines good energy and power density.
  • Common designs are round cells, prism cells or pouch cells.
  • Battery packs are known in which a temperature sensor is mounted on a flexible circuit board, and this circuit board is pressed against a cell with an elastic element. This supports the fact that the temperature sensor is thermally connected as closely as possible to a cell.
  • a sensor that changes its ohmic resistance as a function of the temperature is often used as the temperature sensor. If this resistance becomes smaller at a higher temperature, it is called an NTC (negative temperature coefficient).
  • this temperature sensor is located in the battery pack, but in a device system with a replaceable battery pack, it is measured and evaluated by the charger or discharging electrical device. This measurement is typically carried out by applying a voltage across a series resistor to the temperature sensor, and measuring and evaluating the voltage drop across the series resistor and temperature sensor.
  • Fig. 10 shows an electrical energy store 300 in the form of a battery pack with a few cells 301 a ... 301 d, which are connected via an interface 200 to an administrative device 400 (e.g. charger).
  • an administrative device 400 e.g. charger
  • a monitoring device 40 in the form of electronics for monitoring individual cell voltages should be built into the battery pack. So that the battery pack is not discharged by the monitoring device 40 in the idle state, it is usual that the monitoring device 40 is only switched on when the battery pack is in operation, for example when a voltage is applied to the NTC temperature sensor 30.
  • Fuses can also be used to limit the electrical current in the event of a fault. These convert part of the flowing electrical current into thermal energy through resistance and voltage drop, which melts a conductive material and thus interrupts the flow of electrical current. In principle, the lower the rated current that triggers this, the higher the resistance must be.
  • Another way to limit electrical current is to use a transistor in conjunction with a resistor as a power source. A flowing current counteracts the control voltage of the transistor through a voltage drop across the resistor, so that an equilibrium and thus a defined electrical current is established. Is known, as shown in Fig. 11, a monitoring device 40 with integrated th circuits, which is used to monitor operating conditions within the electrical energy storage device 300's.
  • the measuring contact 203 to which the electronic component 30 in the form of the NTC temperature sensor is connected, can, contrary to its determination, be connected to the positive pole 201 of the electrical energy store 300 (e.g. by metal particles). Since the monitoring device 40 switches on and incorrectly recognizes a normal operating state (electrical voltage at the temperature sensor 30). Since the voltage is not applied to the temperature sensor 30 via a series resistor, but rather directly, the current is limited only by the resistance of the NTC temperature sensor 30. The NTC temperature sensor 30 is heated by the converted power, which leads to a lower NTC resistance and in turn to more converted power (positive feedback or vicious circle).
  • the NTC temperature sensor Since the NTC temperature sensor is in close thermal contact with the cells 301a ... 301 d, a hot spot arises at the corresponding cell 301a ... 301 d, which can lead to a thermal imbalance and disadvantageously accelerate the electrical energy storage 300 lets age.
  • Disclosure of the invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved protective device for a protective element.
  • the object is achieved with a protective device for an electronic component connected to an interface, comprising: a compensating element connected in series with the electronic component; wherein the compensation element has a positive temperature coefficient of its electrical resistance and wherein the compensation element is connected to a pole of an electrical energy store via the interface; wherein the electronic component and the compensation element are thermally coupled to each other.
  • the object is achieved with a method for producing a protective device for an electronic component connected to an interface, an electrical energy storage device being connected to the interface, comprising the steps:
  • An advantageous development of the proposed protective device provides that the electronic component is an NTC or a coding resistor. In this way, different types of electronic components can advantageously be protected by means of the proposed protective device.
  • An advantageous development of the proposed protective device provides that the thermal coupling is provided by a defined spatial proximity or by a connection via an electrical conductor track and / or by a defined heat transfer resistance between the component and the compensation element. As a result, different ways of providing the thermal coupling are advantageously possible.
  • Another advantageous development of the proposed protective device is characterized in that the thermal coupling between the electronic component and the compensation element is such that the compensation element is triggered by heating the electronic component. In this way, the PTC can develop its current-limiting effect when the NTC warms up.
  • the electronic component is used for a temperature measurement, the electronic component and the compensation element being coordinated with one another in terms of their temperature responses in such a way that a temperature measurement is not significantly falsified in a relevant temperature measurement range , whereby outside the relevant temperature measuring range, the compensating element has a defined high resistance.
  • the relevant temperature measurement range is between approx. -20 ° C and approx. + 80 ° C. This advantageously defines a relevant temperature measurement range for the protective device, which functions to protect a component functioning as a temperature sensor.
  • an equilibrium temperature of the electronic component and the compensating element is such that at the maximum operating voltage of an electrical energy storage device, cells of the electrical energy storage device are not endangered.
  • the weight temperature depends on the intersection of the gradients of the characteristic lines of the component to be protected and the compensation element.
  • a further advantageous development of the proposed protective device is characterized in that a temperature measurement error due to the resistance measurement of the electronic component and compensation element is defined in a maximally defined manner in the entire temperature working range of the electrical energy store.
  • a resistance value of the compensating element is defined to be small compared to a resistance value of the component to be protected. This also advantageously minimizes a disruptive effect of the compensating element for the component functioning as a temperature sensor.
  • an error in the temperature measurement caused by the compensating element is no greater than 5%, in particular no greater than 1%.
  • Another advantageous development of the proposed protective device is characterized in that the electronic component and the compensation element are coupled with a thermally conductive material. This supports efficient thermal coupling between the electronic component and the compensation element.
  • the electronic component and the compensation element are designed as SMD components, the electronic component and the compensation element having at least one common copper surface designed for heat transfer.
  • the electronic component and the compensation element having at least one common copper surface designed for heat transfer.
  • Disclosed device features result analogously from corresponding disclosed method features and vice versa. This means in particular that features, technical advantages and designs relating to the protective device result in an analogous manner from corresponding designs, features and advantages of the method for producing a protective device for an electronic component connected to an interface, and vice versa.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a proposed Schutzvor direction
  • Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a proposed Schutzvor direction
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a proposed Schutzvor direction
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a proposed Schutzvor direction
  • FIG. 6 shows a basic sequence of a method for operating a proposed protective device
  • Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a further embodiment of a proposed protection device
  • 16 shows a flow chart with a method for operating a protective device for an electronic component connected to an interface.
  • a core idea of the present invention is the provision of a protection device for an electronic component that is connected to an electrical interface and is to be protected.
  • the electrical current through the electronic component is detected and, if necessary, switched off with a switching device that is advantageously already present.
  • the electronic component to be protected can also be bypassed so that a high electrical current can trigger a fuse with a high rated current and, as a result, a low resistance.
  • the proposed protective device it is possible to protect circuit parts which are connected and can be connected to an electrical interface, such as portable power tools, battery packs and the like.
  • the proposed protective device has at least one sensor (current or voltage sensor) which can disconnect the connected electronic component or the connected circuit with high resistance.
  • “high-resistance” is understood to mean a state in which there is no damage to the electronic component or the electronic assembly or no or only very little energy conversion occurs.
  • “high resistance” can be understood to mean an increase in the total resistance by at least a factor of 3, particularly advantageously by at least a factor of 20, based on a nominal resistance.
  • an electrical current flow through the electronic component or the electronic assembly is sufficiently limited for this purpose. If the "high-resistance" disconnection is no longer necessary, the electronic component or circuit part can be reconnected (self-resetting) or the impedance can be reduced.
  • a monitoring device compares the information with at least one well-defined value and generally initiates a “high-resistance” disconnection when it is exceeded, whereby an overshoot can occur, for example, when the information supplied by the sensor leaves or exceeds a suitable and customary operating range.
  • a major advantage of the proposed protective device is, in particular, that the electronic component to be protected or the electronic assembly to be protected (e.g. a battery pack) is separated before a harmful rise in temperature occurs.
  • a first family of variants of the proposed protective device provides for a measurement of the electrical voltage at the interface.
  • the electronic component e.g. NTC or coding resistor
  • the electronic circuit group is disconnected with high resistance from the interface and / or a common reference potential (e.g. ground).
  • latch no latching circuit (“latch”) is necessary, since the electrical voltage does not decrease after switching off due to the increase in impedance.
  • the electrical voltage usually remains constant or even increases after the electronic component or the electronic assembly has been switched off. Therefore, as a rule, only a small or no hysteresis is necessary for the proposed protective device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a proposed protective device 100 for an electrical interface 200 to which an electronic component 30 to be protected (e.g. an NTC or a coding resistor) is connected.
  • a monitoring device 40 can be seen, which functionally cooperates with a voltage detection device 10, a current detection device 20 and an electronic switch 50.
  • the proposed protective device 100 for the interface 200 to switch off the electronic component 30 to be protected or the assembly to be protected from the interface 200 with high resistance in the event of a fault and to switch it back on to the interface 200 after the fault has ceased.
  • an electrical voltage is fed in at a connection of the electronic component 30 to be protected in the form of an NTC, e.g. via a short circuit made possible by metal dust.
  • the electrical voltage and the impedance are usually not fully known.
  • the NTC resistance drops rapidly, whereby, for example, the electrical current can rise from originally approximately 10 mA to approximately 21 mA to approximately 100 mA.
  • the NTC resistance drops rapidly, whereby, for example, the electrical current can rise from originally approximately 10 mA to approximately 21 mA to approximately 100 mA.
  • the NTC is very hot (e.g. 100 Ohm for an NTC, whose resistance at room temperature is 6.8 kOhm)
  • up to 100mA can be achieved at 10V terminal voltage at the interface 200, which is, for example, a load limit of a switch-off MOS-FET.
  • electrical voltages greater than approx. 10V should be prevented at the interface 200, whereby an electrical activation voltage can be significantly higher.
  • a voltage measurement at the input of the electronic component 30 to be protected is proposed for the first embodiment variant family.
  • a very high-resistance tapping of an electrical voltage with a comparator or a MOS-FET is provided, as a result of which a very rapid detection of the electrical voltage at the interface 200 is possible.
  • a small-signal MOS-FET with a voltage divider and / or an RC filter can also be used, which detects an excess of more than 7V at the pin of the electronic component 30 to be protected.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a proposed protective device 100 for an electrical interface 200.
  • a circuit part which is provided for a simulation of the protective device 100 can be seen.
  • An electrical voltage V5 can be seen, which is generated in the form of an NTC due to a current flow or self-heating of the electronic component 30 to be protected.
  • the component 30 to be protected can be switched off with high resistance from the interface 200 (not shown) by means of a connection “gate”.
  • a resistance R12 represents, for example, metal dust, which causes an electrical short circuit between the component 30 to be protected and a voltage source VCC_Bat.
  • a shunt R17 By means of a shunt R17, the electrical current through the electronic component 30 can be measured by means of an electrical voltage drop, with an electronic switch 50 in the form of a MOS-FET being able to be switched by means of the “gate” connection in order to open the electronic component 30 of the electronic switch 50 to be separated from the battery voltage VCC_Bat.
  • the right-hand section of the circuit of FIG. 2 represents a discrete latch, which uses the two transistors Q3 and Q5 to simulate a thyristor which “remembers” a circuit state of the protective device 100 after the electronic component 30 has been switched off.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a proposed protective device 100 for an electrical interface 200.
  • the connection NTC of the electronic component 30 to be protected (not shown) is connected to a voltage divider R20, R21, which in total, for example, is a Has a resistance value of maximum 1 MW.
  • the electrical voltage on the electronic component 30 to be protected is divided down and fed to a non-inverted input of a comparator K1, at whose output a transistor M3 for driving the Switching connection gate of the electronic switch 50 (not shown) to switch off the electronic component 30 (not shown) actuated.
  • a switch-on threshold is approximately 6.6 V at an operating voltage of 3.3 V
  • a switch-off threshold is approximately 0.6 V.
  • a resistor R23 is suitably dimensioned together with capacitors of the protective device 100, with particular attention being paid to that the electronic component is switched off by the interface 200 (not shown) in such a way that the electronic component is not damaged.
  • this variant of the protective device 100 is also self-resetting.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a proposed protective device 100 for an electrical interface.
  • a monitoring device 40 can be seen which is designed in the form of a Schmitt trigger and which comprises the transistors Q6, Q7.
  • An output stage of the Schmitt trigger can also be seen in the form of resistors R37, R38 and a MOSFET transistor M1 for forming suitable electrical levels.
  • the electronic component to be protected is not shown in FIG. 4.
  • an electrical voltage V_NTC on the electronic component to be protected can be detected, with a suitable dimensioning of the resistors R30-R35 achieving that a threshold of the Schmitt trigger is suitably set so that it connects a transistor M1 to the Activation of the electronic switch (not shown) to switch off the electronic component to be protected switches.
  • this variant an evaluation of the electrical voltage swing on the electronic component 30 to be protected is carried out with a discrete Schmitt trigger, with which narrow triggering thresholds can be set.
  • this variant of the protective device 100 is also self-resetting.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a protection device 100 for an elec trical interface, which is similar to that of the variant of Fig. 2, but in this case a constant current source R17, J1 or a current limitation with an N-channel JFET J1 and a gate -Source negative feedback is provided.
  • This variant of the proposed Schutzvor device 100 is also self-resetting or has a regulated / negative feedback mode.
  • the monitoring device 40 is preferably designed as a microcomputer, as a result of which, for example, the Schmitt trigger can be implemented in software in order to detect the fault state on the electronic component 30. Additional functions such as "auto recovery” can also be implemented in this way.
  • FIG. 6 shows a basic sequence of a method for operating a proposed protective device for an electronic component 30 connected to an interface 200.
  • step 60 electrical voltage and / or electrical current are detected on electronic component 30.
  • a step 70 the electronic component 30 is switched off from the electrical interface 200 in the event that an impermissibly high electrical voltage is applied to the electronic component 30, an impermissibly high electrical voltage being at least twice the nominal voltage is detected, in the event that an inadmissibly high electrical voltage is no longer detected on the electronic component 30, the electronic component 30 is connected to the interface 200 by means of the electronic switch 50.
  • Battery packs typically use a temperature measuring circuit to monitor the cell temperature. This is often implemented via an NTC on the side of the battery electronics, as well as a contact element via which a tool or charger with a suitable series resistor applies a supply voltage from the outside to the NTC.
  • the NTC is thermally coupled to one or more cells. The voltage at the NTC contact correlates with the resistance / temperature of the NTC.
  • the proposed protective device 100 thus comprises a single component, that is to say minimal design effort, and is inexpensive due to its simplicity and low-risk to implement.
  • a proposed protective device 100 thus comprises a compensation element 31 in the form of a component with a positive temperature coefficient (e.g. PTC), which is connected in series with the electronic component 30 (e.g. NTC) to a pole (e.g. negative pole 202) of the battery pack or a measuring contact 203 of the interface 200 is switched.
  • the compensation element 31 In the “inactive” state, ie in the absence of a short circuit at the measuring contact 203, the compensation element 31 has such a low resistance that there is no relevant influence on the temperature measurement by means of the NTC.
  • a resistance value is selected for the PTC that is small compared to the NTC resistance value in the relevant operating range.
  • switching thresholds eg overtemperature / undertemperature shutdowns
  • This equilibrium temperature is designed in such a way that there is no danger to other system components (typically battery cells of the battery pack).
  • the compensation element 31 is advantageously thermally coupled to the NTC via suitable technical measures mentioned below:
  • thermally conductive material eg thermal paste
  • This thermal coupling ensures that a minimum electrical current (“trip current”) required for “switching” (ie to achieve self-heating that drives it into a relevant high-resistance range) flows through the compensating element 31 in the form of the PTC.
  • trip current a minimum electrical current
  • the thermal coupling to the NTC means that the PTC is warm and therefore has a higher resistance even if the trip current has not yet been reached. This facilitates the component selection in the direction of low-resistance PTC components, which helps ensure that the temperature measurement is not significantly disturbed.
  • the element 30 to be protected and the compensation element 31 are advantageously matched to one another with regard to their temperature coefficient of electrical resistance. The following must be taken into account:
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a protective device 100 with contact elements and a series circuit comprising the component 30 to be protected and the compensation element 31, which are connected between a measuring contact 203 and a negative pole 202.
  • a possible short-circuit path KP between the positive pole 201 and the measuring contact 203 is indicated.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a resistance profile over the temperature of an NTC and PTC element which are adapted to one another according to the invention. It can be seen that the electrical resistance W of the electronic component 30 decreases with increasing temperature and falls below the resistance of the compensating element 31 at approx. 135 ° C. It can also be seen that the electrical resistance W of the compensating element 31 is essentially small compared to the resistance of the electronic component 30 and increases as the temperature rises. The equilibrium temperature that is established depends on the temperature at which the negative slope of the resistance The curve of the electronic component 30 corresponds in terms of amount to the positive slope of the resistance curve of the compensating element 31, which is also the case at approximately 135 ° C. in the example shown. Towards higher temperatures, this means an increase in the total resistance and thus a reduction in the power loss that occurs.
  • the proposed protective device 100 can advantageously also have control electronics (not shown) for evaluating the temperature measurement.
  • An electrical energy store protected with the proposed protective device 100 can advantageously be designed as a battery pack (e.g. handheld power tool battery pack).
  • a battery pack e.g. handheld power tool battery pack.
  • the compensation element 31 can be connected directly or indirectly (for example via a switch) to a pole 202, 203 of the battery pack.
  • a heat transfer resistance between the electronic component 30 and the compensating element 31 is preferably designed in such a way that a triggering of the PTC is thereby significantly promoted.
  • FIG. 9 shows a basic sequence of a proposed method for producing a protective device for an electronic component 30 connected to an interface 200, an electrical energy store being connected to the interface 200.
  • a step 80 the component 30 is connected to a pole or measuring contact 203 of the electrical energy store 300.
  • a compensating element 31 is connected in series between a pole 201, 202 of the electrical energy store and the electronic component 30 or between the electronic component 30 and a measuring contact 203, the compensating element 31 having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance , and wherein the component 30 and the compensation element 31 are thermally coupled to one another.
  • Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment of a proposed protective device 100.
  • the temperature of the cells 310a ... 301 n is determined by the device outside the electrical energy storage device 300 arranged management device 400 with the aid of an electronic component 30 arranged in the electrical energy storage device 300 in the form of an NTC -Temperature sensor detected.
  • the management device 400 is only used to detect the electrical voltage at the interface 200 and is not essential to the invention, further details will not be discussed here.
  • the electronic component 30 could alternatively also be designed as a coding resistor.
  • the electrical energy store 300 also has a monitoring device 40 with electronics (e.g. a microcontroller) for monitoring the individual cells 301a ... 301d.
  • a monitoring device 40 with electronics (e.g. a microcontroller) for monitoring the individual cells 301a ... 301d.
  • the monitoring device 40 detects an error, it separates the electronic component from the interface 200 by means of an electronic switch 50 connected in series to the electronic component 30 in the form of a transistor.
  • a further resistor 32 (“measuring resistor”), which is connected in series with the electronic switch 50, can be seen.
  • the monitoring device 40 has an input 41 via which it can detect an electrical voltage at the measuring resistor 32. If, in the event of a fault, a high electrical current flows through the series connection of the electronic component 30, the electronic switch 50 and the measuring resistor 32, this leads to an electrical voltage drop at the measuring resistor 32, which is detected by the monitoring device 40 at the input 41.
  • the monitoring device 40 thereupon switches the electronic switch 50 in a blocking manner, so that the aforementioned electrical current flow is interrupted.
  • the monitoring device 40 can advantageously maintain this locked state for a minimum time, for example longer than 1 s, particularly advantageously longer than 1 min the electrical voltage at the input 41 of the monitoring device 40 is also close to zero and would therefore be assessed as uncritical.
  • a particular advantage of this proposed protective device 100 is, in particular, that the measuring resistor 32 can be very small and thus the actual temperature measurement by means of the electronic component 30 is only minimally falsified.
  • a resistance value less than 1% of the minimum value of the electronic component 30 over the entire working temperature range of the electrical energy store 300 is advantageous; a resistance value less than 0.3% of the minimum value of the electronic component 30 over the entire working temperature range of the electrical energy store 300 is particularly advantageous the measuring resistor 32 can be 1 ohm, while that of a fuse for such a low electrical current is typically 10 ohms.
  • the monitoring device 40 does not have to be able to detect the electrical current through the electronic component 30 in normal operation, but only in the event of an overcurrent fault.
  • this variant of the proposed protective device 100 can be implemented in a particularly inexpensive and simple manner.
  • Integrated circuits are known with inputs, which are provided for a battery current measurement, and go into an alarm state when the electrical current is too high.
  • Such an integrated circuit is also suitable to be used in the arrangement of FIG. 13, in which case a current input of the monitoring device 40 is used as a measuring input. Too high an electrical current through the electronic component 30 is then interpreted by such a monitoring device 40 as too high a battery current, which also leads to the alarm triggering.
  • FIG. 14 shows a basic circuit diagram of a further embodiment of a proposed protective device 100. It can be seen that in this variant an independent circuit based on a comparator circuit 33 (Schmitt trigger) can interrupt the electrical current through the electronic component 30. Additional wiring of the amplification device 33, e.g. via suitable resistors, is not shown. The electrical voltage drop across the measuring resistor 32 triggers a change in the output level to close to zero V in the comparator circuit 33. This pulls the gate or the base of the electronic switch 50 to low, so that the electronic switch 50 no longer conducts, regardless of the output 42 (alarm output) of the monitoring device 40.
  • a comparator circuit 33 Schot trigger
  • the comparator circuit 33 has positive feedback so that it maintains its state (ie output at zero V), even if the measurement signal is at the input is no longer present. This variant can be useful in particular when there is no longer any free input on the monitoring device 40 and / or the monitoring device 40 does not have any current monitoring.
  • FIG. 15 shows a basic circuit diagram with a further embodiment of a proposed protective device 100.
  • This variant is particularly preferred if the system is designed to bypass the electronic component 30 in the form of the NTC temperature sensor in the event of a fault.
  • a fuse element 34 e.g. fuse
  • a special feature of this fuse is that it does not have to be designed for the electrical current that flows through the electronic component 30 in the event of a fault, but for a higher electrical current. In normal operation, the fuse element 34 is not triggered. This is favorable because the fuse element 34 can then have a low electrical resistance and only slightly falsifies the temperature measurement in nominal operation.
  • the monitoring device 40 switches on the electronic switch 50 sporadically or cyclically for a defined short time in normal operation.
  • the time is preferably selected to be so short that the connected management device 400 (tool or charger) does not yet recognize this as an error.
  • this cycle time can be 50 ms.
  • the electronic switch 50 releases the path for a high electrical current during this time, which is suitable for triggering or destroying the fuse element 34.
  • the fuse element 34 can be designed as a trace fuse.
  • IPC-2221 for example, with a track width of 0.1 mm, a temperature increase of 1. 1 A by 60 ° C can be caused.
  • the fuse element 34 can also be designed as a fusible resistor. 16 shows a basic sequence of a method for operating a protective device 100 for an electronic component 30 connected to an interface 200. In a step 500, an electrical voltage drop is detected on a measuring resistor 32 connected in series with the electronic component 30.
  • a step 510 the electronic component 30 is switched off if a defined switch-off threshold of the electrical component is exceeded

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de protection (100) destiné à un composant électronique (30) connecté à une interface (200), le dispositif comprenant : un élément d'équilibrage (31) monté en série avec le composant électronique (30); l'élément d'équilibrage (31) présentant un coefficient de température positif de sa résistance électrique, et l'élément d'équilibrage (31) étant connecté à un pôle (201, 202) ou contact de mesure (203) d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique (300); le composant électronique (30) et l'élément d'équilibrage (31) étant couplé thermiquement l'un à l'autre.
EP21706190.2A 2020-03-20 2021-02-12 Dispositif de protection pour un composant électronique connecté à une interface Pending EP4122038A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020203583.0A DE102020203583A1 (de) 2020-03-20 2020-03-20 Schutzvorrichtung für ein an eine Schnittstelle angeschlossenes elektronisches Bauteil
PCT/EP2021/053490 WO2021185518A1 (fr) 2020-03-20 2021-02-12 Dispositif de protection pour un composant électronique connecté à une interface

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4122038A1 true EP4122038A1 (fr) 2023-01-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21706190.2A Pending EP4122038A1 (fr) 2020-03-20 2021-02-12 Dispositif de protection pour un composant électronique connecté à une interface

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US (1) US20230148274A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4122038A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN115349192A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020203583A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021185518A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1148287B (de) * 1960-05-21 1963-05-09 Boelkow Entwicklungen Kg Batterie aus gasdichten Akkumulatoren in Knopfform mit einer Einrichtung zum Heizen der einzelnen Zellen
JPH09285030A (ja) 1996-04-10 1997-10-31 Makita Corp 蓄電池パックおよび充電装置
DE102008064310B3 (de) 2008-12-20 2010-05-20 Insta Elektro Gmbh Elektrisches/elektronisches Installationsgerät
DE102010010144B4 (de) * 2010-03-04 2013-08-29 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co. Kg Akkumulator und Überwachungsschaltung für Akkumulator
DE102013018397A1 (de) * 2013-11-02 2015-05-07 Daimler Ag Batterie mit einer Vielzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen
US10348110B2 (en) 2015-02-13 2019-07-09 Makita Corporation Battery pack
LU92932B1 (en) * 2015-12-24 2017-07-21 Iee Sa Flat Built Temperature Control Unit for Battery Temperature Monitoring

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CN115349192A (zh) 2022-11-15
US20230148274A1 (en) 2023-05-11
WO2021185518A1 (fr) 2021-09-23
DE102020203583A1 (de) 2021-09-23

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