EP4110866A1 - Polymerblends enthaltend mindestens ein thermoplastisches polymer und mindestens ein b-polysaccharid und daraus hergestellte formkörper sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Polymerblends enthaltend mindestens ein thermoplastisches polymer und mindestens ein b-polysaccharid und daraus hergestellte formkörper sowie verfahren zu deren herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4110866A1 EP4110866A1 EP21709911.8A EP21709911A EP4110866A1 EP 4110866 A1 EP4110866 A1 EP 4110866A1 EP 21709911 A EP21709911 A EP 21709911A EP 4110866 A1 EP4110866 A1 EP 4110866A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer blend
- polymer
- polysaccharide
- solvent
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of polymer blends containing at least one thermoplastic polymer or blends thereof and at least one ⁇ -polysaccharide.
- the invention also relates to such polymer blends and molded bodies containing this polymer blend.
- ß-polysaccharides are characterized by their frequent, almost ubiquitous occurrence. The use of renewable raw materials in material applications is therefore desirable in the course of a bioeconomy.
- the processing of ß-polysaccharides is severely restricted by their high crystallinity, poor solubility and, for molding processes, their lack of thermoplasticity. Thermoplasticity cannot be produced without chemical modification of the polysaccharide chains.
- thermoplastics In order to increase the use of renewable raw materials in technical applications, fibers or other fillers made from ß-polysaccharides are added to thermoplastics. This results in two-phase composite materials whose properties vary with the proportion, geometry and size of the fillers.
- the most popular representatives in this area are wood plastic composites (WPC) or generally natural fiber reinforced plastics (NFK). But the range of these composites has also been expanded in recent years through the use of nanoscale fillers.
- WPC wood plastic composites
- NFK generally natural fiber reinforced plastics
- Such composites are usually produced from the melt by extrusion (compounding) of matrix and filler (CN102295827 A). With many thermoplastics, however, the high processing temperatures of the polymers collide with the breakdown temperatures of the polysaccharides. For this reason, polyamides, for example, are usually reinforced with more temperature-stable fibers / materials such as glass fibers.
- New solvents for ß-polysaccharides have been known for around 20 years; including ionic liquids. Depending on the composition of the anion and cation, they differ in their solution properties.
- ionic liquids are necessary for ß-polysaccharides and also promising, but the costs for the production of the solvents are currently still very high. In addition, much cheaper organic solvents are available for synthetic polymers.
- a co-solvent which can be used for the synthetic polymers at the same time, offers advantages, also because the solubility of the ß-polysaccharides can be improved in terms of time and temperature control through the use of a co-solvent (Cheng, D. , et al., Facile pre- Paration of regenerated cellulosefilmfrom cotton under using organic electrolyte solution (OES). Cellulose, 2017. 24 (4): p. 1631-1639). This saves ionic liquid.
- At least one synthetic polymer is dissolved in at least one ionic liquid. This presupposes good solubility of the polymer (> 5% by weight) in the at least one ionic liquid, which can severely limit the selection of a suitable ionic liquid.
- the manufacturing process according to the invention differs primarily through the use of a cosolvent, which can also serve as a solvent for the synthetic polymers.
- the object of the present invention to provide a polymer blend containing thermoplastic polymers and ⁇ -polysaccharides, which has a homogeneous structure and can be further processed thermoplastically.
- the process for producing these polymer blends should also be as simple as possible to handle.
- a method for producing polymer blends containing at least one thermoplastic polymer or blends thereof and at least one ß-polysaccharide which has the following steps: a) the at least one ß-polysaccharide is dissolved with at least one ionic liquid, b ) the at least one thermoplastic polymer is melted and / or dissolved in at least one solvent, c) the solution from step a) and the solution and / or melt from step b) are formed with the formation of a phase in which the at least one ß- Polysaccharide and the at least one thermoplastic polymer are dissolved and / or melted, mixed to form a polymer blend, d) the polymer blend containing the at least one thermoplastic polymer and the at least one ß-polysaccharide from the ionic liquid and optionally the at least one solvent is separated, the polymer blend being a single-phase mixture with only one glass tube form rgang.
- the at least one ionic liquid preferably contains at least one organic cation and at least one anionic group.
- the at least one organic cation is preferably selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cations, imidazolium cations, pyridinium cations, pyrazolium cations and combinations thereof.
- the at least one anionic group is preferably selected from the group consisting of halides and halogen-containing compounds, sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates, phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphites, phosphonites and phosphinites, carboxylates, borates and boronates, carbonates and carbonic acid esters, silicates , Sulfides, hydrogen sulfides, polysulfides, hydrogen polysulfides, thiolates and combinations thereof.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that in step a) the at least one ⁇ -polysaccharide is dissolved with the at least one ionic liquid and optionally the at least one solvent used in step b). This makes it possible to achieve a back dilution with the solvent in order to adjust the viscosity of the polysaccharide solution.
- a preferred variant of the method provides that in step b) the at least one thermoplastic polymer is dissolved in at least one solvent. This variant has the advantage that the ionic liquid used only has to be suitable for the solution of the ⁇ -polysaccharide, but not for the solution of the at least one thermoplastic polymer, which enables a broader choice for the ionic liquid.
- a second preferred embodiment provides that the at least one thermoplastic polymer is melted in step b).
- the at least one thermoplastic polymer is present in a viscosity that enables simple process engineering further processing to form a phase in step c).
- This variant has the advantage that the proportion of solvent in the process can be kept low, which is more economical in the process.
- a third preferred embodiment provides that in step b) the at least one thermoplastic polymer is first melted and at least one solvent is then added to the melt.
- This variant has the advantage that the viscosity of the melt can be optimized by additionally adding at least one solvent for the further procedure in order to achieve a homogeneous phase in step c) in a short time with as little thermal and mechanical stress as possible (eg due to shear) realize.
- a polar, aprotic, organic solvent is preferably used as the solvent for the at least one thermoplastic polymer.
- This solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, ⁇ -valerolactone and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent is preferably miscible with the at least one ionic liquid.
- a preferred embodiment of the method provides that the phase from step c) is cooled until the polymer blend has a solid or gel-like consistency.
- the Phase from step c) at least one precipitant is added to precipitate the polymer blend.
- the at least one precipitant is preferably selected from the group consisting of water, ketones, in particular acetone, esters, ethers, in particular tetrahydrofuran, alcohols, in particular ethanol, and mixtures thereof. Since the precipitant is an anti-solvent for the polymers, but is miscible with the solvents, the solvents can also be extracted or depleted from the blend and later recovered.
- a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the volume ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one solvent is in the range from 5: 1 to 1:10, preferably 2: 1 to 1: 5 and particularly preferably 1: 1 to 1: 3.
- the at least one thermoplastic polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidones, ethylene vinyl acetate and blends thereof, in particular selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, PA 66, PA6.10, PA11, PA12 , PHAs, PLA, PBS, PBAT, PBT, PET, PEF and blends thereof.
- the at least one ⁇ -polysaccharide is preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, chitosan, callose and mixtures thereof. It is also possible to use derivatives of the ß-polysaccharides mentioned.
- a preferred embodiment provides that the polymer blend obtained in step d) is extracted or the at least one ionic liquid and optionally the at least one solvent in the polymer blend is depleted.
- water, ketones, in particular acetone, esters, ethers, in particular tetrahydrofuran, alcohols, in particular ethanol, and mixtures thereof are preferably used.
- the blend obtained in step d) is preferably shaped, in particular by thermomechanical pressing, by means of injection molding, transfer molding, film extrusion, profile extrusion, thermoforming, blow molding or fiber spinning. Due to the gel-like consistency of the polymer blends, shaping is already possible within the process. Since the blends turn out gelatinous / solid after the addition of the precipitant, mechanical separation is possible. In order to keep the consumption of precipitant in this process low, the precipitant can also be run in countercurrent to the product.
- the solution in step a) is preferably prepared at a temperature of from 20 to 150.degree. C., in particular from 60 to 140.degree.
- the solution in step b) is prepared preferably at a temperature of 20 to 300.degree. C., preferably at a temperature of 40 to 250.degree. C. and particularly preferably at a temperature of 60 to 200.degree.
- a polymer blend which contains at least one thermoplastic polymer or a blend thereof and at least one ⁇ -polysaccharide.
- the at least one thermoplastic polymer and the at least one ⁇ -polysaccharide are present as a single-phase mixture.
- the thermoplastic polymer and the ⁇ -polysaccharide are mutually compatible or at least partially compatible.
- at least partially compatible is understood to mean that the thermoplastic polymers and ⁇ -polysaccharides are so compatible with one another that a homogeneous mixture is formed.
- the polymer blend according to the invention has only a single glass transition and thus only one glass transition temperature.
- the melting point of the polymer blend is preferably reduced by 1 to 40 ° C., preferably 5 to 20 ° C., by the presence of the at least one ⁇ -polysaccharide compared to the melting point of the at least one thermoplastic polymer alone.
- a molded body with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m produced from the polymer blend has a haze of a maximum of 20%, measured in accordance with ASTM D 1003.
- the polymer blend preferably has a weight fraction of at least 10% by weight, preferably 30% by weight and particularly preferably 50% by weight of the at least one ⁇ -polysaccharide, based on the total weight of the blend.
- the polymer blend according to the invention can preferably be produced by the method described above.
- a molded body which contains the polymer blend described above.
- 1 and 2 show a block diagram of two inventive variants of the method.
- Fig. 3 shows recordings of a scanning electron microscope of a polymer blend according to the invention and composite materials according to the prior art.
- FIG. 4 shows light microscope images of (a) an extruded polymer composite according to the state of the art and (b) a thermally pressed polymer blend according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 uses a diagram to show the dependence of the melting point of the polymer blend as a function of the concentration of the ⁇ -polysaccharide.
- Fig. 6 shows X-ray diffractograms of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), PLA and their homogeneous blend (1: 1)
- polyamide 6 and cellulose are predried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours.
- 3 g of polyamide 6 are dissolved in 97 g of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with stirring at 150 ° C.
- 3 g of microcrystalline cellulose are also dissolved in 48.5 g of DMSO and 48.5 g of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate at 60 ° C. with stirring.
- the polymer solutions are then mixed with stirring at 90 ° C. for at least 1 hour.
- the blend solution is then poured onto a glass plate and precipitated with a 5-fold excess of deionized water. The temperature of the precipitant corresponds to 90 ° C.
- the polymer mixture precipitates out as a gel-like, coherent film.
- DMSO and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate are extracted from the gel film by several washing steps with water.
- Evidence of the solvent depletion can be provided by determining the dry substance of the washing water. Since the ionic liquid has virtually no vapor pressure, it remains as a residue after drying.
- the washing steps are interrupted as soon as the residue in the washing water is ⁇ 0.99% by weight.
- the depletion of ionic solvents can be confirmed by means of infrared spectroscopy.
- the regrind is then dried at 20 mbar and 90 ° C. for at least 4 h in a vacuum drying cabinet.
- the films are thermomechanically deformable.
- the ionic liquid can be recovered by evaporating the precipitant water and the co-solvent DMSO in a rotary evaporator.
- polylactic acid powder (PLA) and cellulose are pre-dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours. 5 g of cellulose are mixed with 5.85 g of DMSO and 5.85 g of ionic liquid at 60 ° C. and the cellulose is thus dissolved. The temperature is then increased to 140 ° C. and 5 g of PLA in powder form are added. The mixture is blended until the PLA has melted and a homogeneous, transparent molding compound is formed (approx.
- DMSO and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate are extracted from the formed blend by several washing steps with ethanol.
- Evidence of solvent depletion can be provided by determining the dry substance of the washing liquid. Since the ionic liquid has virtually no vapor pressure, it remains as a residue after drying. The washing steps are terminated as soon as the residue in the washing liquid is ⁇ 0.99% by weight.
- the depletion of ionic solvents can be confirmed by means of infrared spectroscopy.
- the regenerate is then dried at 20 mbar and 90 ° C for at least 4 hours in a vacuum drying cabinet.
- the regenerates are thermomechanically deformable. By pressing at 170 ° C and a load of 2.5 t for 2 minutes, coherent, transparent films can be generated.
- the ionic liquid can be recovered by evaporating the precipitant ethanol and the co-solvent DMSO in a rotary evaporator.
- a cellulose gel with a cellulose content of 35% by weight is produced with the aid of a co-rotating twin-screw extruder.
- MCC microcrystalline cellulose
- the solids feed (MCC) with a feed rate of 0.5 kg h 1 takes place with a gravimetric twin screw feeder on a weighing platform and takes place in the first zone of the cylinder.
- Emim Ac 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the screw speed is 200 rpm with a barrel temperature profile of 20-40-60-80-90 (° C).
- the strand-like extrudate is then granulated.
- mixtures with PLA in a ratio of 1: 1 (PLA: MCC) at 200 rpm with a parallel with a length-to-diameter ratio of 24 are compounded with the granulated cellulose gel and directly after
- the temperatures in the zones are between 20-80-140-140-140 (° C).
- the granulate of the polymer blend can be used for further molding processes.
- the remaining solvents Emim Ac and DMSO can be used with
- the anti-solvent ethanol can be removed by extraction and purified and recovered in an optional step. Even after the solvent has been removed, the material remains thermomechanically deformable.
- FIG. 1 shows a variant of the method according to the invention with the aid of a block diagram.
- thermoplastic polymer is not dissolved, which instead is added as a melt to the ⁇ -polysaccharide solution. It bil
- light or electron microscopy is preferably used within the imaging process.
- the cross-section through the material is usually of interest.
- different phases can be recognized if necessary through differences in brightness. If polymers are immiscible or incompatible, a multiphase structure can therefore be recognized, while compatible, single-phase polymers show no recognizable phase separation.
- the material can be prepared in various ways, with a cryo-fracture being a common preparation method. Above all, filler aggregates / agglomerates can be made visible, which are on the one hand due to material differences (resulting in different brightness due to different interactions with the electron beam and consequently different signals at the detector, in this case mainly backscattered electrons) and on the other hand due to the topography (if necessary Craters, protruding particles / inclusions can be distinguished from the polymer matrix by the different distances to the detector and the associated signal strength, here mainly secondary electrons.
- Fig. 2 shows scanning electron microscope images of polymer blends according to the invention in comparison with composite materials of the prior art.
- Fig. 2 (a) shows a cryogenic fracture of PA6 (a)
- Fig. 2 a PA6 cellulose nanowhisker composite (extrusion / compounding, 1% cellulose nanowhisker).
- the white scale bar corresponds to 1 pm (ac) or 0.1 pm (d).
- Figures 2 (a) and (c) correspond to Kashani Rahimi, Shahab, and Joshua U. Otaigbe. 2016. 'Polyamide 6 nanocomposites incorporating cellulose nanocrystals prepared by In situ ring-opening polymerization: Viscoelasticity, creep behavior, and melt rheological properties', Polymer Engineering & Science, 56: 1045-60 Kashani Rahimi and Otaigbe 2016).
- Figure 2 (d) corresponds to Correa, Ana Carolina, Eliangela de Morais Teixeira, Vitor Brait Carmona, Kelcilene Bruna Ricardo Teodoro, Caue Ribeiro, Luiz Henrique Capparelli Mattoso, and Jose Manoel Marconcini. 2014. Obtaining nanocom posites of polyamide 6 and cellulose whiskers via extrusion and injection molding ', Cellulose, 21: 311-22.
- the surface shows fundamental unevenness, which can be traced back to the breakage of the material.
- additional material inclusions can be seen in the filled polymers (c, d).
- cellulose nanocrystals partially aggregated, fibrillar structures can be seen (c, marked in white).
- Cellulose nanowhiskers are characterized by their hair-like or needle-like shape.
- inclusions can be seen as dots (d, circled in yellow) or "needles" (d, marked by a yellow arrow).
- no inclusions can be seen (b), the structure is with the A particulate or fibrous precipitation of the cellulose cannot be observed on this scale, which suggests a single-phase blend.
- Fig. 3 (a) a microscopic image (microtome section 20 pm, transmitted light) is shown, which clearly shows a heterogeneous morphology, which originates from the two separate phases of PA6 and cellulose.
- Fig. 3 (b) a polymer blend according to the invention (50% cellulose and 50% PA6) is shown, which was thermally pressed. A homogeneous morphology can be seen here.
- FIG. 4 it is shown on the basis of a diagram that the quantitative proportion of the ⁇ -polysaccharide influences the properties of the polymer blend. It can be seen here that with an increasing proportion of ß-polysaccharide (cellulose) the Melting point is lowered. A decrease in the melting point of almost 30 ° C can be observed in the case of a polymer blend with 80% by weight of cellulose.
- ß-polysaccharide ß-polysaccharide
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram which shows the dependence of the melting point of the polymer blend on the concentration of the ⁇ -polysaccharide.
- a polyamide 6 was used as the thermoplastic polymer in this case.
- MCC microcrystalline cellulose
- PLA poly(ethylene glycol)
- homogeneous blend (1: 1) X-ray diffractograms of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), PLA and their homogeneous blend (1: 1), with typical reflections for crystal structures being seen in the pure materials, while only a broad, amorphous reflection occurs in the blend.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020202566.5A DE102020202566A1 (de) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Polymerblends enthaltend mindestens ein thermoplastisches Polymer und mindestens ein ß-Polysaccharid und daraus hergestellte Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| PCT/EP2021/054971 WO2021170863A1 (de) | 2020-02-28 | 2021-03-01 | Polymerblends enthaltend mindestens ein thermoplastisches polymer und mindestens ein b-polysaccharid und daraus hergestellte formkörper sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4110866A1 true EP4110866A1 (de) | 2023-01-04 |
Family
ID=74858396
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21709911.8A Withdrawn EP4110866A1 (de) | 2020-02-28 | 2021-03-01 | Polymerblends enthaltend mindestens ein thermoplastisches polymer und mindestens ein b-polysaccharid und daraus hergestellte formkörper sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4110866A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020202566A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021170863A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7888412B2 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2011-02-15 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Polymer dissolution and blend formation in ionic liquids |
| US20080188636A1 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-07 | North Carolina State University | Polymer derivatives and composites from the dissolution of lignocellulosics in ionic liquids |
| CN102295827A (zh) | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-28 | 阳新五龙兴塑业高科技材料有限公司 | 一种全生物降解纳米复合聚酯塑料的制备方法 |
| WO2017170746A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物、熱可塑性樹脂組成物の製造方法、セルロース強化樹脂成形品およびセルロース強化樹脂成形品の製造方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-02-28 DE DE102020202566.5A patent/DE102020202566A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2021
- 2021-03-01 WO PCT/EP2021/054971 patent/WO2021170863A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-03-01 EP EP21709911.8A patent/EP4110866A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020202566A1 (de) | 2021-09-02 |
| WO2021170863A1 (de) | 2021-09-02 |
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