EP4100235B1 - Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant au moyen d'au moins une chambre de volume qui est remplie d'une matière de remplissage - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant au moyen d'au moins une chambre de volume qui est remplie d'une matière de remplissage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4100235B1
EP4100235B1 EP22712387.4A EP22712387A EP4100235B1 EP 4100235 B1 EP4100235 B1 EP 4100235B1 EP 22712387 A EP22712387 A EP 22712387A EP 4100235 B1 EP4100235 B1 EP 4100235B1
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Prior art keywords
component
volume
layer
extruder
produced
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EP22712387.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4100235A1 (fr
Inventor
Clemens LIEBERWIRTH
Vincent MORRISIN
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AIM3D GmbH
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AIM3D GmbH
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Priority to EP23188091.5A priority Critical patent/EP4238741A1/fr
Publication of EP4100235A1 publication Critical patent/EP4100235A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B22F12/67—Blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/214—Doctor blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/218—Rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the proposed solution relates to a method and a 3D printing device for the additive manufacturing of a component.
  • a component is built up in layers.
  • Metal, ceramic and/or plastic granules for example, are then melted via at least one extruder and here in particular at least one extruder screw provided within the extruder and conveyed to a pressure head of the extruder in order to build up a component layer by layer.
  • full body sections of the component to be manufactured have usually been produced by applying printing material over the entire surface in the respective component layer. For this purpose, the corresponding area is completely scanned in the component layer using the print head, while printing material is continuously applied.
  • an outer contour of a component with at least one volume area and at least one volume chamber open in the direction of extension is first printed layer by layer and then only in a subsequent, second work step the at least one volume chamber that has already been produced is at least partially printed with a filling material to fill.
  • the filling of the volume chamber for example, the structure of the component layer is then completed. This includes in particular a complete or also only partial filling of the at least one volume chamber with filling material.
  • coherently extruded volume chambers can first be produced comparatively quickly by running the extruder over a pressure surface, before these are only filled with filling material in a subsequent work step.
  • the 3D printing process can be accelerated, since it is not necessary to discharge printing material over the entire surface for the production of the solid body section.
  • an outer contour of the component layer is first produced, which extends in an xz plane in relation to a Cartesian coordinate system, and in addition at least one outer wall extending in the z direction form at least partial boundaries of a volume region with one or more volume chambers open in the z-direction.
  • the proposed solution provides that the at least one volume chamber to be filled subsequently extends over exactly one component layer that is currently to be produced. At least partial filling of the at least one volume chamber is thus completed before a subsequent component layer (in the direction of extension) is produced for the component to be manufactured.
  • the type of application of the printing material and its application to a printing surface differs depending on whether the outer contour or a volume chamber or a filling for a volume chamber is produced on the one hand.
  • a strand-by-line application of pressure material can be provided, while the filling of a volume chamber is carried out by selective extrusion of a larger amount of pressure material (and thus filling material for a volume chamber), similar to an injection molding process.
  • mechanical properties of the component to be manufactured can be individualized in a more targeted manner via one or more volume chambers provided, for example in that one volume chamber or several volume chambers are not filled, or at most partially filled, with filling material and/or a different printing material is applied for the filling material via a print head of the at least one extruder is used as for printing the outline.
  • an extruder of the printing device has at least one extruder screw for conveying the printing material to a print head and the print head is designed with at least one nozzle—possibly attached to a housing of the extruder so that it can be replaced—for dispensing the printing material.
  • one embodiment variant of the proposed method provides that several (at least two) volume chambers are formed within the volume area, which are separated from one another by at least one intermediate wall produced in the component layer using the at least one extruder. assistance a print head of the extruder is thus produced in the first step at least one intermediate wall within the volume area bordered by the outer wall. This partition wall thus delimits a volume chamber for the filling material to be subsequently introduced.
  • the multiple volume chambers can be arranged in a predetermined pattern within the volume region. For example, a specific pattern for the volume chambers to be produced is then stored in a memory of the 3D printing device. Such a pattern can be variable depending on the application and in particular the component or component section to be manufactured.
  • the volume chambers in the pattern are formed regularly or irregularly and/or are arranged in a regularly or irregularly distributed manner.
  • a pattern can consist of a regular arrangement of identically shaped volume chambers.
  • At least one of the volume chambers is honeycombed or channel-shaped. This includes in particular the production of a honeycomb structure with a plurality of honeycomb volume chambers within the volume area of the component layer currently to be produced.
  • the production of a 3D honeycomb pattern in English: "3D honeycomb pattern" is possible, in which case the associated honeycomb volume chambers are at least partially filled with filling material in a subsequent, second work step.
  • At least one of the volume chambers can be formed with a rectangular, triangular and/or annular (in particular circular or elliptical) base area.
  • the size and shape of the volume elements is specified, for example, for the highest possible component density, so that the subsequently extruded filling material can fill the volume elements without gaps.
  • a volume chamber geometry in the manner of a three-dimensional hexagon is suitable for such a pressure strategy.
  • the other geometries mentioned above can also be advantageous, for example.
  • volume chambers within a component layer can also be used, for example, to implement a topologically optimized flow of forces within the component.
  • volume chambers are filled, for example only in load-bearing sections of the component to be manufactured.
  • Some of the volumes produced can also be deliberately left unfilled and thus empty in order to save weight.
  • one embodiment variant of a proposed method provides for a first part of the volume chambers to be filled with a first filling material and at least another part of the volume chambers to be filled with a second filling material that is different from the first filling material to fill.
  • a first filling material for filling the volume chambers produced.
  • another filling material can include, for example, that at least one of the filling materials is an intumescent and/or vibration-damping filling material.
  • the at least one outer wall and the at least one intermediate wall can be made of the same material or different materials.
  • the use of exactly one material can be an option for producing both the at least one outer wall and the at least one intermediate wall.
  • different wall thicknesses can also be used for an outer wall and an intermediate wall that are made of different materials.
  • the wall thickness of the at least one outer wall is specified to be greater than a specified minimum wall thickness, for example, with this minimum wall thickness for the outer wall being greater than a maximum Wall thickness (maximum wall thickness) of the at least one intermediate wall.
  • a specified minimum wall thickness for example, with this minimum wall thickness for the outer wall being greater than a maximum Wall thickness (maximum wall thickness) of the at least one intermediate wall.
  • maximum wall thickness maximum wall thickness
  • the at least one outer wall and the at least one intermediate wall can be produced with different print heads of the 3D printing device when a plurality of volume chambers are provided.
  • walls of different thicknesses can be produced in one work step by dispensing via different print heads of a 3D printing device.
  • one variant provides that the filling material is injected into the at least one volume chamber in a molten state with the aid of the at least one extruder, with at least local melting of the at least one intermediate wall that has already been produced and separates several volume chambers from one another is introduced.
  • the process parameters of the extrusion process in particular the temperature, an output pressure and/or a flow rate of the molten filling material and the material used to produce the at least one intermediate wall, the material for filling a volume chamber and/or a wall thickness of the at least one intermediate wall are then for example, coordinated with one another in such a way that the filling material introduced in melted form into the at least one volume chamber results in at least local melting of the intermediate wall that has already been produced.
  • the material used to produce the at least one intermediate wall and the (filling) material used to produce a filling are identical, this material, for example, is matched in terms of its melting point, its thermal properties and/or its flowability and the wall thickness of the at least one intermediate wall , so that the melted introduced filling material achieves at least local melting of the intermediate wall that has already been produced. This results in a solid section of high strength in the finished component layer.
  • the filling material should be introduced into the at least one volume chamber in a molten state with the aid of the at least one extruder without impairing the already produced outer contour.
  • process parameters of the extrusion process in particular temperature, output pressure and/or flow rate of the molten filling material and the material used to produce the at least one outer wall (e.g. with regard to its melting point) and/or a wall thickness of the at least one outer wall are matched to one another in such a way that the already produced outer contour is not adversely affected by the filling material introduced in melted form into the at least one volume chamber, in particular the at least one outer wall is not deformed, broken through or destroyed by the filling material introduced.
  • the introduction of the filling material into a volume chamber or several volume chambers thus takes place while preserving the outer wall that has already been produced and the outer contour defined thereby in the component layer currently to be produced.
  • the material used to produce the outer contour and / or the filling material can be a plastic, a metal or a Have ceramic as part.
  • metal, ceramic and/or plastic granules can be fed to the extruder of the 3D printing device in order to use them to form the outer contour and/or a filling for a volume chamber.
  • production with filament or by means of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is also possible.
  • One aspect of the proposed solution also relates to a 3D printing device for the additive manufacturing of a component.
  • This 3D printing device is defined in claim 15.
  • At least one additional component layer for the component is produced in the direction of extension with the aid of the at least one extruder, with the component layer previously produced with the at least one volume chamber being smoothed by the extruder before material is applied to form the at least one additional component layer .
  • any excess material that protrudes in the direction of extent, in particular filling material used for filling a volume chamber, of the previously produced component layer can be removed in a targeted manner.
  • the smoothing can be done, for example, by a (still) hot nozzle of the extruder, which is provided for dispensing the material, and/or at least one separate smoothing element, in particular a squeegee, a blade, a wire or a roller, which is along the previously the component layer produced at least one volume chamber is moved.
  • a (still) hot nozzle of the extruder which is provided for dispensing the material
  • at least one separate smoothing element in particular a squeegee, a blade, a wire or a roller, which is along the previously the component layer produced at least one volume chamber is moved.
  • a proposed 3D printing device is therefore particularly suitable for carrying out an embodiment variant of a proposed manufacturing method.
  • Features and advantages of embodiment variants of a proposed manufacturing method explained above and below therefore also apply to embodiment variants of a proposed 3D printing device and vice versa.
  • the memory with the (control) commands can be spatially separated from the extruder of the 3D printing device.
  • the 3D printing device comprises a housing in which an extruder unit with the at least one extruder and a printing platform for the component to be manufactured are arranged, as well as a computer unit housed within the housing or arranged outside of the housing with the at least one processor and the memory.
  • control software with the control commands for the extruder can then be executed on the computer unit.
  • the figure 6 shows a component in the form of a gear wheel, which is produced using an additive manufacturing process known from the prior art.
  • the component 1 is built up in layers using a 3D printing device, for example from a plastic material, wherein in the figure 6 the production of one of several component layers 10 is visualized.
  • the plastic material used for the production is discharged via a print head E of an extruder of the 3D printing device in order to create both an outer contour 10A and a component section 103 of the component layer 10 designed as a solid body section, which is between two Outer walls 101 and 102 of the component 1 should be present.
  • the corresponding component section 103 extends in the case of the gear-shaped component 1 between an outer wall 101 lying radially on the outside in relation to a center point of the component 1 and an outer wall 102 lying radially on the inside, which peripherally borders a through-opening 11 of the component 1 .
  • a comparatively large amount of melted printing material for example plastic granules, must consequently be applied over the entire surface via the print head E.
  • the production of the component layer 10 thus takes a comparatively long time.
  • the proposed solution helps here.
  • the Outer contour(s) 10A of the component layer 10 currently to be produced are injected or printed with the outer walls 101 and 102 extending in a direction of extension (z-direction).
  • a volume area 100 present between the outer walls 101 and 102 is not filled with printing material over the entire surface. Rather, a pattern 200 of volume chambers 2 is produced in the volume region 100 with the aid of the print head E of the 3D printing device.
  • the pressure head E is used to inject partitions 200 into the volume area 100, which separate the individual volume chambers 2 from one another.
  • a regular pattern 200 with cuboid volume chambers 2 is provided.
  • An edge length of a cuboid of a respective volume chamber 2 in the xy plane is smaller than a distance between the one (first) outer wall 101 and the other (second) outer wall 102, which define the outer contour 10A of the component layer 10.
  • a pattern 200 in the manner of a honeycomb structure is consequently produced in the volume region 100 .
  • volume chambers 2 produced are now completely or partially filled with printing material using the print head E.
  • a volume chamber 2 can be filled 3 with the same pressure material with which the outer walls 101 and 102 were also produced.
  • the (filling) material used for the filling 3 can be a different printing material.
  • the material with which the intermediate walls 20 were made can also be identical to or different from the material used to make the outer walls 101, 102 and the filling.
  • each volume chamber 2 can be completely filled with filling material and thus provided with a filling 3 in the second work step.
  • a significant reduction in the production time for the production of a massive volume area 100 and thus a continuous solid component section can be achieved even when filling each volume chamber 2 open in the z-direction.
  • the process parameters of the extrusion process carried out are specifically adapted to the introduction of the molten filling material in the Volume chambers 2 not to impair the outer contour 10A already produced, but at the same time to achieve at least local melting of the intermediate walls 20 already produced with the molten filling material.
  • a wall thickness d A of the outer walls 101, 102 and a wall thickness dz of the intermediate walls 20 are set depending on the flowability and the thermal properties of the materials used in the extrusion process or the material used in the extrusion process.
  • the wall thickness d A is so great that the (filling) material subsequently extruded into the volume chambers 2 does not deform, break through or destroy the outer contour 10A.
  • the internal partitions 20, which act as partitions for the volume chambers 2, are again produced with such a small wall thickness dz that these partitions 20 are melted or even melted through by the (filling) material subsequently extruded into the volume chambers 2.
  • a comparatively high strength of the volume region 100 on the finished component 1 can thereby be achieved.
  • a pattern 200 with a plurality of volume chambers 2 can be designed differently depending on the application.
  • the size and shape of the volume chambers 2 in the component layer 10 can also vary in order to ensure optimized power flows within the finished component 1 .
  • patterns 200 are conceivable in which the volume chambers 2 have a rectangular base area, as is shown in FIGS Figures 2A and 2 B is shown.
  • net-like patterns 200 are in accordance with the Figures 2C, 2D and 2E with volume chambers 2 with square ( Figure 2C ), triangular ( Figure 2D ) or star-shaped ( Figure 2E ) floor area possible.
  • FIG. 2F cube-shaped
  • Figure 2G circular
  • Volume chambers 2 in a pattern 200 possible. This includes in particular a concentric arrangement of annular, channel-like volume chambers 2 according to Figure 2G a.
  • honeycomb structures corresponding to patterns 200 of FIG Figures 2H and 2I possible.
  • the pattern 200 of Figure 2I represents a three-dimensional honeycomb pattern ("3D honeycomb pattern").
  • Gyroid-shaped structures ( Figure 2J ), geometries given by a Hilbert function ( Figure 2K ), spiral gradients ( Figure 2L ) and octagram-shaped and spirally arranged structures ( Figure 2M ) to form a customized pattern 200 is possible.
  • the volume chambers 2 of a respective pattern 200 can in this case also remain partially unfilled in order to provide the component 1 with well-defined internal cavities and thus to construct it more easily.
  • individual volume chambers 2 can also be provided with different fillings 3 and 4 as an alternative or in addition.
  • a different second filling 4 can, for example, be made with a different filling material in order to combine specific material properties.
  • the second filling material 4 can be foaming and/or have a vibration-damping effect.
  • provision can additionally be made for the component layer 10 previously produced with the volume chamber 2 to be smoothed before the application of material to form a further component layer.
  • the smoothing can be carried out, for example, by the (still) hot nozzle of the print head E and/or at least one separate smoothing element, e.g. a squeegee, a blade, a wire or a roller, which is moved along the component layer 10 previously produced with the volume chambers 2 .
  • FIGS. 4 and 4A show a component layer 10 for the component 1 to be produced, in which the volume chambers 2 are filled with an offset in the z-direction and filled volume chambers 2 are arranged in a chessboard-like pattern in the xy plane.
  • FIG. 12 shows a top view of the component layer 10 with filled and unfilled volume chambers 2, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
  • FIG. 12 shows a top view of the component layer 10 with filled and unfilled volume chambers 2, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
  • FIG. 12 shows a top view of the component layer 10 with filled and unfilled volume chambers 2, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
  • FIG. 12 shows a top view of the component layer 10 with filled and unfilled volume chambers 2, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
  • FIG. 12 shows a top view of the component layer 10 with filled and unfilled volume chambers 2, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
  • FIG. 12 shows a top view of the component layer 10 with filled and unfilled volume chambers 2, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
  • the device layer 10 is smoothed. This is followed by the subsequent construction of a further component layer 10.
  • the volume chambers 2 previously left unfilled (at that time still only half-height) are filled with filling material 3.
  • a smoothing parallel to the xy plane then follows once again when they are filled. This type of layer structure then takes place until a desired component height is reached and thus the production of the component 1 with a Figure 4A exemplarily reproduced final component contour 10A ⁇ .
  • the figure 5 shows an example of a flow chart for a 3D printing process according to the proposed solution, in particular for the production of a component 1 according to FIG Figures 1 to 4A .
  • a first step at least one bottom layer for the component 1 to be produced is printed.
  • the layered structure then takes place via the production of individual component layers 10 with the aid of volume chambers 2.
  • component layers 10 arranged one above the other in the z-direction are produced one after the other, in which first the outer walls 101, 102 and intermediate walls 20 are produced in strips and the outer contour strips and intermediate wall strips are thus printed.
  • the number of partitions 20, a layer height of the component layer 10 currently to be produced and a nozzle diameter on the print head E determine the wall thickness dz of the partitions 20.
  • the extruder with the print head E is moved over the individual volume chambers 2 that have already been produced in order to fill them.
  • the extruder is positioned in a stationary position with its print head E, or at most there is a slight movement. Consequently, in contrast to the production of the outer walls 101, 102 and the intermediate walls 20, there is no layer-by-layer traversing of tracks. Instead, to fill the volume chambers 2 (filling) material is extruded in a manner similar to an injection molding process, so that the volume chambers 2 are filled continuously and volumetrically.
  • the temperature and quantity of the discharged material have the desired influence on the cross-linking of the volume chambers 2.
  • the layered construction with the production of volume chambers 2 and their targeted filling is repeated until the intended component height of the component 1 to be produced is reached. Thereafter, another layer change in the z-direction and printing of at least one cover layer provided for the component 1 takes place.
  • volume chambers 2 are formed in successive component layers 10 of the component 1 to be completed, with the volume chambers 2 of the different component layers being arranged offset to one another.
  • the volume chambers 2 can be arranged offset in the z-direction To avoid weak points in the parting planes and to prevent crack formation or at least crack growth at the parting planes.
  • Such an offset between the honeycomb volume chambers 2 is already inherently provided in a three-dimensional honeycomb structure.
  • a corresponding offset could be implemented, for example via different heights in the z-direction of successive first and last component layers or rows of cubes.
  • the proposed method and a 3D printing device provided for this purpose with a memory that contains appropriate control commands to one or more extruders of the 3D printing device according to the production of the component 1 or a component layer 10 as in the Figures 1 to 4A to drive can use both with plastic material, metallic material or ceramic material.
  • a corresponding extruder can process metal, ceramic and/or plastic granules to produce a component 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant (1), le composant (1) étant construit par couches à l'aide d'au moins une extrudeuse d'un dispositif d'impression 3D, dans lequel, lors de la fabrication additive d'au moins une couche de composant (10) du composant (1) à l'aide de ladite au moins une extrudeuse,
    - dans une première étape de travail, on fabrique d'abord un contour extérieur (10A) de la couche de composant (10), qui s'étend dans un plan de couche et comprend au moins une paroi extérieure (101, 102) s'étendant dans une direction d'extension (z) perpendiculaire au plan de couche pour border au moins partiellement une zone de volume (100), au moins une chambre de volume (2) ouverte dans la direction d'extension (z) étant formée à l'intérieur de la zone de volume (100), et
    - dans au moins une deuxième étape de travail suivante, ladite au moins une chambre de volume (2) est remplie au moins partiellement d'un matériau de remplissage,
    caractérisé en ce que
    dans la direction d'extension (z), au moins une autre couche de composant, présentant au moins une autre chambre de volume (2), est fabriquée pour le composant (1) à l'aide de ladite au moins une extrudeuse, ladite au moins une autre chambre de volume (2) étant agencée par rapport à ladite au moins une chambre de volume (2) de la couche sous-jacente
    - décalée dans au moins une direction spatiale x ou y s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction d'extension (z) et/ou
    - tournée autour d'un axe X parallèle à la direction x, et/ou
    - tournée autour d'un axe Y parallèle à la direction y.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs chambres de volume (2) sont formées à l'intérieur de la zone de volume (100), qui sont séparées les unes des autres par au moins une paroi intermédiaire (20) fabriquée à l'aide de ladite au moins une extrudeuse dans la couche de composant (10).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les plusieurs chambres de volume (2) sont agencées selon un modèle prédéterminé (200) à l'intérieur de la zone de volume (100), en particulier dans lequel, dans le modèle (200), les chambres de volume sont formées et/ou distribuées de manière régulière ou irrégulière.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des chambres de volume (2) est en forme de nid d'abeille ou de canal.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des chambres de volume (2) est formée avec une surface de base rectangulaire, triangulaire et/ou annulaire.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que seulement une partie des chambres de volume (2) est remplie d'un matériau de remplissage.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une première partie des chambres de volume (2) est remplie d'un premier matériau de remplissage et au moins une autre partie des chambres de volume (2) est remplie d'un deuxième matériau de remplissage différent du premier matériau de remplissage.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une paroi extérieure (101, 102) et ladite au moins une paroi intermédiaire (20) sont fabriquées dans le même matériau ou dans des matériaux différents.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une paroi extérieure (101, 102) et ladite au moins une paroi intermédiaire (20) sont fabriquées avec des épaisseurs de paroi différentes (dA, dZ), en particulier dans lequel l'épaisseur de paroi (dA) de ladite au moins une paroi extérieure (101, 102) est supérieure à une épaisseur de paroi minimale prédéterminée, qui est supérieure à une épaisseur de paroi maximale de ladite au moins une paroi intermédiaire (20).
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une paroi extérieure (101, 102) et ladite au moins une paroi intermédiaire (20) sont fabriquées en utilisant des têtes d'impression (E) différentes du dispositif d'impression 3D.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de remplissage est introduit à l'aide de ladite au moins une extrudeuse à l'état fondu dans ladite au moins une chambre de volume (2) en faisant fondre au moins localement ladite au moins une paroi intermédiaire (20) déjà fabriquée.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de remplissage est introduit à l'aide de ladite au moins une extrudeuse à l'état fondu dans ladite au moins une chambre de volume (2) sans affecter le contour extérieur (10A) déjà fabriqué.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans la direction d'extension (z), au moins une autre couche de composant pour le composant (1) est fabriquée à l'aide de ladite au moins une extrudeuse et un lissage de la couche de composant (10) fabriquée auparavant à l'aide de ladite au moins une chambre de volume (2) est effectué avant que du matériau soit appliqué par l'extrudeuse pour former ladite au moins une autre couche de composant, en particulier le lissage étant effectué par une buse chaude de l'extrudeuse, qui est prévue pour décharger le matériau, et/ou par au moins un élément de lissage séparé, en particulier une racle, une lame, un fil ou un rouleau, qui est déplacé le long de la couche de composant (10) fabriquée auparavant à l'aide de ladite moins une chambre de volume (2).
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un constituant du matériau et/ou du matériau de remplissage utilisé pour fabriquer le contour extérieur (10A) est un plastique, un métal ou une céramique.
  15. Dispositif d'impression 3D pour la fabrication additive d'un composant (1), le dispositif d'impression 3D comprenant, pour une construction du composant (1) par couches, au moins une extrudeuse, au moins un processeur commandant l'extrudeuse et au moins une mémoire, dans lequel
    la mémoire contient des instructions qui, lorsqu'elles sont exécutées par l'au moins un processeur, amènent l'extrudeuse, lors de la fabrication additive d'au moins une couche de composant (10) pour le composant (1),
    - dans une première étape de travail, de fabriquer d'abord un contour extérieur (10A) de la couche de composant (10), qui s'étend dans un plan de couche et comprend au moins une paroi extérieure (101, 102) s'étendant dans une direction d'extension (z) perpendiculaire au plan de couche pour border au moins partiellement une zone de volume (100), et de former au moins une chambre de volume (2) ouverte dans la direction d'extension à l'intérieur de la zone de volume (100), et
    - dans au moins une deuxième étape de travail suivante, de remplir ladite au moins une chambre de volume (2) au moins partiellement d'un matériau de remplissage,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la mémoire contient des instructions qui, lors de l'exécution par l'au moins un processeur, amènent l'extrudeuse à fabriquer, lors de la fabrication additive dans la direction d'extension (z) au moins une autre couche de composant présentant au moins une autre chambre de volume (2) pour le composant (1) à l'aide de ladite au moins une extrudeuse, ladite au moins une autre chambre de volume (2) étant agencée par rapport à ladite au moins une chambre de volume (2) de la couche sous-jacente
    - décalée dans au moins une direction spatiale x ou y s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction d'extension (z) et/ou
    - tournée autour d'un axe X parallèle à la direction x, et/ou
    - tournée autour d'un axe Y parallèle à la direction y.
EP22712387.4A 2021-03-12 2022-03-10 Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant au moyen d'au moins une chambre de volume qui est remplie d'une matière de remplissage Active EP4100235B1 (fr)

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EP23188091.5A EP4238741A1 (fr) 2021-03-12 2022-03-10 Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant à l'aide d'au moins une chambre volumique à remplir de matériau de remplissage

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DE102021106037.0A DE102021106037A1 (de) 2021-03-12 2021-03-12 Verfahren zur additiven Fertigung eines Bauteils unter Nutzung wenigstens einer mit Füllmaterial zu füllenden Volumenkammer
PCT/EP2022/056173 WO2022189564A1 (fr) 2021-03-12 2022-03-10 Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant au moyen d'au moins une chambre de volume qui est remplie d'une matière de remplissage

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EP22712387.4A Active EP4100235B1 (fr) 2021-03-12 2022-03-10 Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant au moyen d'au moins une chambre de volume qui est remplie d'une matière de remplissage

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EP (2) EP4238741A1 (fr)
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CN (1) CN117015465A (fr)
AU (1) AU2022235055A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112023018327A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3213385A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021106037A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK4100235T3 (fr)
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US5529471A (en) 1995-02-03 1996-06-25 University Of Southern California Additive fabrication apparatus and method
TWI609769B (zh) * 2014-06-03 2018-01-01 三緯國際立體列印科技股份有限公司 立體結構與立體列印方法
EP3017932A1 (fr) 2014-10-07 2016-05-11 Kapsch TrafficCom AG Procédé de production d'un noyau pour un élément de construction et imprimante 3D associée
US20180009134A1 (en) * 2015-02-03 2018-01-11 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Fused deposition modeling based mold for molding, and replicating objects, method for its manufacture and fused deposition modeling 3d printer
DE102015212569A1 (de) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Objektes
WO2017038985A1 (fr) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-09 Jsr株式会社 Procédé de fabrication d'un objet modélisé en trois dimensions et procédé de création de données de trajectoire de déplacement de buse utilisé dans ce dernier, et dispositif de fabrication d'un objet modélisé en trois dimensions et programme de création de données de trajectoire de déplacement de buse utilisé dans ce dernier
DE102016222552A1 (de) * 2016-11-16 2018-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh 3D-Druckverfahren mit höherer Geschwindigkeit und besserer Endfestigkeit
DE102016122131A1 (de) 2016-11-17 2018-05-17 Weeke Bohrsysteme Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils sowie Vorrichtung

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CN117015465A (zh) 2023-11-07
AU2022235055A1 (en) 2023-09-21
DE102021106037A1 (de) 2022-09-15
ES2962139T3 (es) 2024-03-15
PL4100235T3 (pl) 2024-02-05
JP2024512427A (ja) 2024-03-19
BR112023018327A2 (pt) 2023-10-10
EP4238741A1 (fr) 2023-09-06
DK4100235T3 (da) 2023-10-16
FI4100235T3 (fi) 2023-11-03
HUE063932T2 (hu) 2024-02-28
CA3213385A1 (fr) 2022-09-15
US20240165874A1 (en) 2024-05-23
WO2022189564A1 (fr) 2022-09-15

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