EP4083520B1 - Method for operating a thermal engineering system - Google Patents

Method for operating a thermal engineering system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4083520B1
EP4083520B1 EP22155329.0A EP22155329A EP4083520B1 EP 4083520 B1 EP4083520 B1 EP 4083520B1 EP 22155329 A EP22155329 A EP 22155329A EP 4083520 B1 EP4083520 B1 EP 4083520B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot water
heat generator
water tank
withdrawal
threshold value
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EP22155329.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP4083520A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Hafner
Catherine Magar
Marc Dietrich
François Griedlich
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Viessmann Climate Solutions SE
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Viessmann Climate Solutions SE
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F24H4/04—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1072—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/238—Flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors
    • F24D2220/044—Flow sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a thermal engineering system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a method for operating a thermal system of the type mentioned at the beginning is from the published publication DE 10 2005 042 495 A1 known.
  • water is heated either with a primary heat generator and/or with a secondary heat generator that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator, stored in a hot water storage tank and removed from the hot water storage tank to provide hot water. Furthermore, up to a withdrawal limit, the water is heated exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator and above the withdrawal limit at least with the secondary heat generator.
  • hot water extraction is detected using a temperature sensor.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving a method of the type mentioned at the beginning.
  • a process that is as energy efficient as possible but also offers comfort should be created.
  • the hot water flow occurring at a hot water withdrawal point is determined using a flow meter and the secondary heat generator is switched on when the determined hot water flow reaches the withdrawal limit.
  • the hot water extraction point is understood to mean the water connection on the thermal system at which the hot water is actually available to the user, for example the shower head, which will be discussed in more detail below and as can also be seen from claim 1, the flow meter does not have to be located at the hot water tapping point.
  • the total water tapped at the hot water tapping point regularly consists of a hot and a cold water portion.
  • the hot water proportion corresponds to the hot water flow mentioned above.
  • the cold water portion is added from an unheated (cold) water pipe.
  • drawal limit value can be a fixed value. However, it is particularly preferred, which will be discussed in more detail below, that it is set during operation of the thermal system based on other operating parameters.
  • hot water flow corresponds either to an instantaneous or a time-averaged value.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that in phases with a low amount of hot water usage within a certain period of time (so-called efficient operation), the water is heated as energy-efficiently as possible with the primary heat generator, which is preferably designed as a heat pump device, and that in (rather rare) Phases with a large amount of hot water usage within the specific period of time (so-called comfort mode) in any case the secondary heat generator, which is preferably designed as an electric heating device, is used to heat the water particularly quickly. Due to the more precise detection of hot water extraction (compared to temperature measurement), the method according to the invention is particularly energy efficient and convenient.
  • the heat pump device can of course continue to be operated in addition to the electric heating device in the last-mentioned phase, whereby it should be taken into account that the electric heating device works practically immediately or provides full power, while the heat pump device can last for a few minutes needed to provide full performance.
  • the method according to the invention is furthermore, as will be explained in more detail below, particularly advantageous in thermal systems with a comparatively small hot water storage tank, since in this way a high level of comfort can be guaranteed despite the limited hot water capacity when actually (such as when letting in a hot water tank). Bathtub) large amounts of warm water are required.
  • Hot water preparation with a remote control device is known, with which an additional hot water request can be set manually. The operator must act here.
  • water is heated in an initially known manner either with a primary heat generator 1 and/or with a secondary heat generator 2 that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator 1.
  • a heat pump in particular an air-water heat pump
  • an electric heating device in particular a heating rod arranged in a hot water tank 3
  • the secondary heat generator 2 in particular the said electric heating device, could also be provided on the hot water distribution, i.e. on the water circuit provided with a hot water withdrawal point 5.
  • thermal system is as follows Figure 1 can be seen, it is provided that the heated water is stored in a hot water tank 3 and is removed from the hot water tank 3 to provide hot water.
  • both the withdrawal limit and the hot water flow are stated as volume per time, i.e. in particular with the SI units [m 3 /s] or correspondingly converted units, or are used as a basis for further computational processing.
  • withdrawal limit value is determined during operation of the thermal engineering system when hot water is withdrawn as a function of at least one operating parameter of the thermal engineering system.
  • an available heating output of the primary heat generator 1 is used as the operating parameter.
  • a loading state of the hot water tank 3 is used as an operating parameter, which depends on thermal energy stored in the water in the hot water tank 3 and a temperature stratification of the water in the hot water tank 3.
  • weather conditions can also be used to determine the extraction limit. Weather conditions are important, for example, if the primary heat generator 1 is a heat pump.
  • the withdrawal limit value is calculated and determined during operation of the thermal system when hot water is withdrawn at a specific time of day depending on a consumption profile resulting from a large number of previous hot water withdrawals.
  • a hot water tank 3 with a water volume of at most 200 liters.
  • the method according to the invention leads to a high level of comfort in hot water supply, particularly despite the use of a comparatively small hot water tank 3.
  • the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for this application.
  • the hot water flow is at one Cold water inlet 6 of the hot water tank 3 arranged flow meter 4 is determined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer wärmetechnischen Anlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for operating a thermal engineering system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer wärmetechnischen Anlage der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2005 042 495 A1 bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird Wasser wahlweise mit einem Primärwärmeerzeuger und/oder mit einem im Vergleich zum Primärwärmeerzeuger weniger energieeffizienten Sekundärwärmeerzeuger erwärmt, in einem Warmwasserspeicher gespeichert und zur Warmwasserbereitstellung aus dem Warmwasserspeicher entnommen. Ferner wird das Wasser bis zu einem Entnahmegrenzwert ausschließlich mit dem energieeffizienteren Primärwärmeerzeuger und ab dem Entnahmegrenzwert mindestens mit dem Sekundärwärmeerzeuger erwärmt. Bei dieser Lösung wird die Warmwasserentnahme mit Hilfe eines Temperatursensors detektiert.A method for operating a thermal system of the type mentioned at the beginning is from the published publication DE 10 2005 042 495 A1 known. In this method, water is heated either with a primary heat generator and/or with a secondary heat generator that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator, stored in a hot water storage tank and removed from the hot water storage tank to provide hot water. Furthermore, up to a withdrawal limit, the water is heated exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator and above the withdrawal limit at least with the secondary heat generator. With this solution, hot water extraction is detected using a temperature sensor.

Die amerikanische Patentanmeldung US 2010 209084 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer wärmetechnischen Anlage nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The American patent application US 2010 209084 A1 describes a method for operating a thermal system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu verbessern. Insbesondere soll ein einerseits möglichst energieeffizientes andererseits aber auch Komfort bietendes Verfahren geschaffen werden.The invention is based on the object of improving a method of the type mentioned at the beginning. In particular, a process that is as energy efficient as possible but also offers comfort should be created.

Diese Aufgabe ist mit einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst.This task is solved with a method of the type mentioned at the beginning by the features listed in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Nach der Erfindung ist also vorgesehen, dass bei einer Warmwasserentnahme aus dem Warmwasserspeicher mit einem Durchflussmesser der an einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle auftretende Warmwasserdurchfluss ermittelt und der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger eingeschaltet wird, wenn der ermittelte Warmwasserdurchfluss den Entnahmegrenzwert erreicht.According to the invention, it is therefore provided that when hot water is withdrawn from the hot water tank, the hot water flow occurring at a hot water withdrawal point is determined using a flow meter and the secondary heat generator is switched on when the determined hot water flow reaches the withdrawal limit.

Unter Durchflussmesser ist dabei jede Einrichtung zu verstehen, mit der es möglich ist, einen Durchfluss festzustellen, wobei es letztlich nicht darauf ankommt, den Durchfluss quantitativ ermitteln zu können. Besonders bevorzugt, weil kostengünstig, ist dabei ganz konkret vorgesehen, als Durchflussmesser einen sogenannten Strömungsschalter zu verwenden, der ab einem vorbestimmten Durchflusswert (= Entnahmegrenzwert) einen Durchfluss an eine Regelung der wärmetechnischen Anlage signalisiert.A flow meter is any device with which it is possible to determine a flow, although ultimately it is not important to be able to determine the flow quantitatively. Particularly preferred, because it is cost-effective, it is specifically intended to use a so-called flow switch as the flow meter, which signals a flow to a control system of the thermal system from a predetermined flow value (= withdrawal limit value).

Unter Warmwasserentnahmestelle ist dabei derjenige Wasseranschluss an der wärmetechnischen Anlage zu verstehen, an dem das Warmwasser dem Nutzer tatsächlich zur Verfügung steht, also zum Beispiel der Duschkopf, wobei, worauf weiter unten noch genauer eingegangen wird und wie es sich auch aus dem Patentanspruch 1 ergibt, der Durchflussmesser nicht an der Warmwasserentnahmestelle angeordnet sein muss.The hot water extraction point is understood to mean the water connection on the thermal system at which the hot water is actually available to the user, for example the shower head, which will be discussed in more detail below and as can also be seen from claim 1, the flow meter does not have to be located at the hot water tapping point.

Das insgesamt an der Warmwasserentnahmestelle gezapfte Wasser (Mischwasser) besteht dabei regelmäßig aus einem Warm- und einem Kaltwasseranteil. Der Warmwasseranteil entspricht dabei dem oben genannten Warmwasserdurchfluss. Der Kaltwasseranteil wird aus einer unbeheizten (Kalt-) Wasserleitung beigemischt.The total water tapped at the hot water tapping point (mixed water) regularly consists of a hot and a cold water portion. The hot water proportion corresponds to the hot water flow mentioned above. The cold water portion is added from an unheated (cold) water pipe.

Weiterhin wird noch darauf hingewiesen, dass der vorgenannte "Entnahmegrenzwert" (wie oben ausgeführt) zwar ein feststehender Wert sein kann. Besonders bevorzugt ist aber, worauf weiter unten auch noch genauer eingegangen wird, vorgesehen, dass er während des Betriebs der wärmetechnische Anlage orientiert an anderen Betriebsparametern festgelegt wird. Der verwendete Begriff "Warmwasserdurchfluss" entspricht dabei wahlweise einem Instantan- oder einem zeitlich gemittelten Wert.It should also be noted that the aforementioned “withdrawal limit value” (as stated above) can be a fixed value. However, it is particularly preferred, which will be discussed in more detail below, that it is set during operation of the thermal system based on other operating parameters. The term “hot water flow” used corresponds either to an instantaneous or a time-averaged value.

Mit anderen Worten zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren somit dadurch aus, dass in Phasen mit geringer Warmwassernutzungsmenge innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraumes (sogenannter Effizienzbetrieb) das Wasser möglichst energieeffizient mit dem Primärwärmeerzeuger, der vorzugsweise als Wärmepumpeneinrichtung ausgebildet ist, erwärmt wird und dass in (eher seltenen) Phasen mit großer Warmwassernutzungsmenge innerhalb des bestimmten Zeitraumes (sogenannter Komfortbetrieb) jedenfalls der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger, der vorzugsweise als Elektroheizeinrichtung ausgebildet ist, zum besonders schnellen Erwärmen des Wassers eingesetzt wird. Aufgrund der (im Vergleich zur Temperaturmessung) genaueren Detektion der Entnahme des Warmwassers ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besonders energieeffizient und komfortabel.In other words, the method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that in phases with a low amount of hot water usage within a certain period of time (so-called efficient operation), the water is heated as energy-efficiently as possible with the primary heat generator, which is preferably designed as a heat pump device, and that in (rather rare) Phases with a large amount of hot water usage within the specific period of time (so-called comfort mode) in any case the secondary heat generator, which is preferably designed as an electric heating device, is used to heat the water particularly quickly. Due to the more precise detection of hot water extraction (compared to temperature measurement), the method according to the invention is particularly energy efficient and convenient.

Insbesondere bei Verwendung einer Wärmepumpen- und Elektroheizeinrichtung kann dabei in der zuletzt genannten Phase selbstverständlich neben der Elektroheizeinrichtung auch die Wärmepumpeneinrichtung weiter betrieben werden, wobei zu berücksichtigen ist, dass die Elektroheizeinrichtung praktisch sofort wirkt bzw. volle Leistung bringt, während die Wärmepumpeneinrichtung durchaus einige Minuten bis zur Bereitstellung der vollen Leistung benötigt.Particularly when using a heat pump and electric heating device, the heat pump device can of course continue to be operated in addition to the electric heating device in the last-mentioned phase, whereby it should be taken into account that the electric heating device works practically immediately or provides full power, while the heat pump device can last for a few minutes needed to provide full performance.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dabei weiterhin, was nachfolgend noch genauer erläutert wird, insbesondere bei wärmetechnischen Anlagen mit vergleichsweise kleinem Warmwasserspeicher vorteilhaft, da auf diese Weise trotz der beschränkten Warmwasserkapazität ein hoher Komfort gewährleistet werden kann, wenn tatsächlich einmal (wie zum Beispiel beim Einlassen einer heißen Badewanne) große Mengen warmes Wasser benötigt werden.The method according to the invention is furthermore, as will be explained in more detail below, particularly advantageous in thermal systems with a comparatively small hot water storage tank, since in this way a high level of comfort can be guaranteed despite the limited hot water capacity when actually (such as when letting in a hot water tank). Bathtub) large amounts of warm water are required.

Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen.Other advantageous developments of the method according to the invention result from the dependent patent claims.

Zum Stand der Technik wird noch auf folgende Dokumente hingewiesen:
Aus dem Dokument DE 10 2011 113 615 A1 ist eine Warmwasserbereitung mit einer Fernbedienungseinrichtung bekannt, mit der manuell eine Zusatz-Warmwasseranforderung eingestellt werden kann. Hier muss also der Betreiber handeln.Regarding the state of the art, reference is made to the following documents:
From the document DE 10 2011 113 615 A1 Hot water preparation with a remote control device is known, with which an additional hot water request can be set manually. The operator must act here.

Aus dem Dokument EP 3 032 181 B1 ist ebenfalls ein Heizsystem mit einer Warmwasserbereitstellung bekannt, bei dem der Nutzer einen erhöhten Warmwasserbedarf über ein Steuergerät einstellen kann. Bei dieser Lösung wird ein Elektrodurchlauferhitzer mit einem Durchflussmesser verwendet, der allerdings nur den Durchfluss am Elektrodurchlauferhitzer und nicht an einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle des Gesamtsystems misst.From the document EP 3 032 181 B1 A heating system with hot water provision is also known, in which the user can set an increased hot water requirement via a control device. This solution uses an electric water heater with a flow meter, which, however, only measures the flow on the electric water heater and not at a hot water tap point in the entire system.

Nur der Vollständigkeit halber wird schließlich noch auf die weiter abliegenden Dokumente DE 10 2004 042 972 A1 , DE 10 2011 086 819 A1 , DE 10 2011 088 913 A1 , EP 2 704 367 B1 und DE 20 2015 004 569 U1 hingewiesen.For the sake of completeness, we will finally refer to the documents that are further away DE 10 2004 042 972 A1 , DE 10 2011 086 819 A1 , DE 10 2011 088 913 A1 , EP 2 704 367 B1 and DE 20 2015 004 569 U1 pointed out.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren einschließlich seiner vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen gemäß der abhängigen Patentansprüche wird nachfolgend anhand der zeichnerischen Darstellung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The method according to the invention, including its advantageous developments according to the dependent claims, is explained in more detail below using the graphic representation of a preferred exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigtIt shows

Figur 1Figure 1
schematisch eine mögliche Ausführungsform der wärmetechnischen Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit einem im Warmwasserspeicher angeordneten Heizstab.schematically a possible embodiment of the thermal system for carrying out the method according to the invention with a heating rod arranged in the hot water tank.

Bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten wärmetechnischen Anlage wird in zunächst bekannter Weise Wasser wahlweise mit einem Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 und/oder mit einem im Vergleich zum Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 weniger energieeffizienten Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2 erwärmt.At the in Figure 1 In the thermal system shown, water is heated in an initially known manner either with a primary heat generator 1 and/or with a secondary heat generator 2 that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator 1.

Dabei ist, wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass als Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 eine Wärmepumpe, insbesondere eine Luft-Wasser-Wärmepumpe, verwendet wird. Ferner ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass als Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2 eine Elektroheizeinrichtung, insbesondere ein in einem Warmwasserspeicher 3 angeordneter Heizstab, verwendet wird. Alternativ oder sogar auch zusätzlich könnte der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2, insbesondere die besagte Elektroheizeinrichtung, dabei auch an der Warmwasserverteilung, also am mit einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle 5 versehenen Wasserkreislauf, vorgesehen sein.Here's how it's done Figure 1 can be seen, particularly preferably provided that a heat pump, in particular an air-water heat pump, is used as the primary heat generator 1. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that an electric heating device, in particular a heating rod arranged in a hot water tank 3, is used as the secondary heat generator 2. Alternatively or even additionally, the secondary heat generator 2, in particular the said electric heating device, could also be provided on the hot water distribution, i.e. on the water circuit provided with a hot water withdrawal point 5.

Weiterhin ist bei der wärmetechnischen Anlage, wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, vorgesehen, dass das erwärmte Wasser in einem Warmwasserspeicher 3 gespeichert und zur Warmwasserbereitstellung aus dem Warmwasserspeicher 3 entnommen wird.Furthermore, the thermal system is as follows Figure 1 can be seen, it is provided that the heated water is stored in a hot water tank 3 and is removed from the hot water tank 3 to provide hot water.

Ferner ist - in an sich bekannter Weise - vorgesehen, dass das Wasser bis zu einem Entnahmegrenzwert ausschließlich mit dem energieeffizienteren Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 und ab dem Entnahmegrenzwert mindestens mit dem Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2 erwärmt wird.Furthermore, it is provided - in a manner known per se - that the water is heated up to a withdrawal limit exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator 1 and from the withdrawal limit at least with the secondary heat generator 2.

Wesentlich für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist nun, dass bei einer Warmwasserentnahme aus dem Warmwasserspeicher 3 mit einem Durchflussmesser 4 der an einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle 5 auftretende Warmwasserdurchfluss ermittelt und der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2 eingeschaltet wird, wenn der ermittelte Warmwasserdurchfluss den Entnahmegrenzwert erreicht.What is essential for the method according to the invention is that when hot water is withdrawn from the hot water tank 3, the hot water flow occurring at a hot water withdrawal point 5 is determined with a flow meter 4 and the secondary heat generator 2 is switched on when the determined hot water flow reaches the withdrawal limit.

Dabei ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass sowohl der Entnahmegrenzwert als auch der Warmwasserdurchfluss als Volumen pro Zeit, also insbesondere mit den SI-Einheiten [m3/s] oder entsprechend umgerechneten Einheiten angegeben bzw. bei der weiteren rechnerischen Verarbeitung zugrunde gelegt wird.It is preferably provided that both the withdrawal limit and the hot water flow are stated as volume per time, i.e. in particular with the SI units [m 3 /s] or correspondingly converted units, or are used as a basis for further computational processing.

Bezüglich des vorgenannten Entnahmegrenzwertes ist dabei weiterhin bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass dieser während des Betriebs der wärmetechnischen Anlage bei einer Warmwasserentnahme in Abhängigkeit von mindestens einem Betriebsparameter der wärmetechnischen Anlage festgelegt wird.With regard to the aforementioned withdrawal limit value, it is further preferably provided that this is determined during operation of the thermal engineering system when hot water is withdrawn as a function of at least one operating parameter of the thermal engineering system.

Nach einer ersten Option wird dabei als Betriebsparameter eine verfügbare Heizleistung des Primärwärmeerzeugers 1 verwendet. Nach einer zweiten Option wird als Betriebsparameter ein Beladezustand des Warmwasserspeichers 3 verwendet, wobei dieser von einer im Wasser des Warmwasserspeichers 3 gespeicherten Wärmeenergie und einer Temperaturschichtung des Wassers im Warmwasserspeicher 3 abhängt.According to a first option, an available heating output of the primary heat generator 1 is used as the operating parameter. According to a second option, a loading state of the hot water tank 3 is used as an operating parameter, which depends on thermal energy stored in the water in the hot water tank 3 and a temperature stratification of the water in the hot water tank 3.

Zudem können je nach Art des Primärwärmeerzeugers 1 auch weitere Parameter, wie etwa Witterungsbedingungen, zu Festlegung des Entnahmegrenzwerts herangezogen werden. Witterungebedingungen sind beispielsweise von Bedeutung, wenn es sich bei dem Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 um eine Wärmepumpe handelt.In addition, depending on the type of primary heat generator 1, other parameters, such as weather conditions, can also be used to determine the extraction limit. Weather conditions are important, for example, if the primary heat generator 1 is a heat pump.

Weiterhin ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Entnahmegrenzwert während des Betriebs der wärmetechnischen Anlage bei einer Warmwasserentnahme zu einer bestimmten Tageszeit in Abhängigkeit eines sich aus einer Vielzahl vorausgegangener Warmwasserentnahmen ergebenden Verbrauchsprofils errechnet und festgelegt wird.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the withdrawal limit value is calculated and determined during operation of the thermal system when hot water is withdrawn at a specific time of day depending on a consumption profile resulting from a large number of previous hot water withdrawals.

Außerdem ist besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass ein Warmwasserspeicher 3 mit einem Wasservolumen von höchstens 200 Litern verwendet wird. Mit anderen Worten: Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren führt insbesondere trotz Verwendung eines vergleichsweise kleinen Warmwasserspeichers 3 zu einem hohen Komfort bei der Warmwasserversorgung. Für diesen Anwendungsfall ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besonders vorteilhaft einsetzbar.In addition, it is particularly preferred to use a hot water tank 3 with a water volume of at most 200 liters. In other words: The method according to the invention leads to a high level of comfort in hot water supply, particularly despite the use of a comparatively small hot water tank 3. The method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for this application.

Wie weiterhin aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, ist besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Warmwasserdurchfluss mit dem an einem Kaltwasserzulauf 6 des Warmwasserspeichers 3 angeordneten Durchflussmesser 4 ermittelt wird.How to continue Figure 1 As can be seen, it is particularly preferably provided that the hot water flow is at one Cold water inlet 6 of the hot water tank 3 arranged flow meter 4 is determined.

Schließlich wird darauf hingewiesen, dass zur Umsetzung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens selbstverständlich nicht nur die dargestellte Ausführungsform mit einer Rohrwendel im Warmwasserspeicher 3 in Betracht kommt: Genauso gut könnte ein sogenanntes Ladesystem mit Elektroheizung im Speicher und/oder im Sekundärkreis vorgesehen sein. Außerdem ist die wärmetechnische Anlage, was - abgesehen vom Durchflussmesser 4 - nicht extra dargestellt ist, selbstverständlich mit einer entsprechenden Sensorik (zum Beispiel Temperatursensoren) und dazugehöriger Verkabelung versehen.Finally, it should be noted that to implement the method according to the invention, of course, not only the illustrated embodiment with a coiled pipe in the hot water tank 3 comes into consideration: a so-called charging system with electric heating could just as easily be provided in the tank and/or in the secondary circuit. In addition, the thermal system, which - apart from the flow meter 4 - is not shown separately, is of course provided with appropriate sensors (for example temperature sensors) and associated cabling.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

11
PrimärwärmeerzeugerPrimary heat generator
22
SekundärwärmeerzeugerSecondary heat generator
33
WarmwasserspeicherHot water tank
44
Durchflussmesserflow meter
55
WarmwasserentnahmestelleHot water tapping point
66
KaltwasserzulaufCold water inlet

Claims (10)

  1. A method for operating a thermo-technical system, in which water is heated selectively with a primary heat generator (1) and/or with a secondary heat generator (2) that is less energy-efficient compared to the primary heat generator (1), is stored in a hot water tank (3) and is drawn from the hot water tank (3) for supplying hot water, wherein the water is heated exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator (1) up to a withdrawal threshold value and at least with the secondary heat generator (2) as of the withdrawal threshold value,
    characterized in that,
    during a withdrawal of hot water from the hot water tank (3), the hot water flow occurring at a hot water withdrawal point (5) is ascertained with a flow meter (4) and the secondary heat generator (2) is switched on when the ascertained hot water flow reaches the withdrawal threshold value.
  2. The method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the withdrawal threshold value is determined during the operation of the thermo-technical system during a withdrawal of hot water as a function of at least one operating parameter of the thermo-technical system.
  3. The method according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    an available heat output of the primary heat generator (1) is used as an operating parameter.
  4. The method according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    a charge status of the hot water tank (3) is used as an operating parameter, wherein the charge status depends on a thermal energy stored in the water of the hot water tank (3) and a temperature stratification of the water in the hot water tank (3).
  5. The method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the withdrawal threshold value is calculated and determined during the operation of the thermo-technical system during a withdrawal of hot water at a certain time of day as a function of a consumption profile resulting from a plurality of prior hot water withdrawals.
  6. The method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that
    both the withdrawal threshold value and the hot water flow rate are indicated as volume over time, in particular with the SI units [m3/s] or correspondingly converted units.
  7. The method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the hot water flow rate is ascertained with the flow meter (4) arranged at a cold water inlet (6) of the hot water tank (3).
  8. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    a heat pump is used as the primary heat generator (1).
  9. The method according to one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterized in that
    an electric heating device is used as the secondary heat generator (2).
  10. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    a hot water tank (3) with a water volume of at most 200 litres is used.
EP22155329.0A 2021-04-30 2022-02-07 Method for operating a thermal engineering system Active EP4083520B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021111197.8A DE102021111197B3 (en) 2021-04-30 2021-04-30 Process for operating a thermotechnical system

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EP4083520A1 EP4083520A1 (en) 2022-11-02
EP4083520B1 true EP4083520B1 (en) 2023-10-11

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Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004018034B4 (en) * 2004-04-14 2014-07-24 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for switching on a heat pump in connection with a hot water storage tank for heat pumps
DE102004042972A1 (en) 2004-09-06 2006-03-09 Hönig, Christina Thermal solar system regulating method, involves predicting solar output of solar system to optimize supply sequence of solar output during different consumptions, and determining best variant by technical parameter of heat pump
AT413757B (en) 2004-09-13 2006-05-15 Vaillant Gmbh METHOD FOR GUARANTEING A HIGH HOT WATER COMFORT IN HOT WATER HEATERS HEATED WITH FUEL CELL HEATING EQUIPMENT
NZ538737A (en) * 2005-03-10 2008-04-30 Hot Water Innovations Ltd Electronic control of water storage (hot water storage) parameters and operation
US8422870B2 (en) * 2009-02-13 2013-04-16 General Electric Company Residential heat pump water heater
DE102011113615A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for hot water preparation
DE102011086819A1 (en) 2011-11-22 2013-05-23 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Device, method, computer program and hot water tank for controlling a temperature
DE102011088913A1 (en) 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Hot water tank with standby temperature setting based on flow information
DE102012108065A1 (en) 2012-08-30 2014-03-06 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Energy consumer control method and control device based on an energy consumption profile
DE102014225693A1 (en) 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Vaillant Gmbh Heating system with hot water supply
DE202015004569U1 (en) 2015-06-26 2016-09-29 Rainer B. Körner Energy management and stratified charge for solar-powered heat pump (EuSfmsbW)
EP3696475A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2020-08-19 R. Nussbaum AG Device for providing domestic hot water

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DE102021111197B3 (en) 2022-05-05
PL4083520T3 (en) 2024-05-27

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