EP4083520A1 - Method for operating a thermal engineering system - Google Patents

Method for operating a thermal engineering system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4083520A1
EP4083520A1 EP22155329.0A EP22155329A EP4083520A1 EP 4083520 A1 EP4083520 A1 EP 4083520A1 EP 22155329 A EP22155329 A EP 22155329A EP 4083520 A1 EP4083520 A1 EP 4083520A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot water
heat generator
water tank
limit value
primary heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22155329.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP4083520B1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Hafner
Catherine Magar
Marc Dietrich
François Griedlich
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Viessmann Climate Solutions SE
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Viessmann Climate Solutions SE
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F24H4/04—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1072—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/238—Flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors
    • F24D2220/044—Flow sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a heating system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • thermotechnical system of the type mentioned is from the published application DE 10 2005 042 495 A1 known.
  • water is heated either with a primary heat generator and/or with a secondary heat generator that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator, stored in a hot water tank and removed from the hot water tank to provide hot water.
  • the water is heated exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator and from the withdrawal limit at least with the secondary heat generator.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a method of the type mentioned at the outset.
  • a method that is as energy-efficient as possible on the one hand but also offers comfort on the other is to be created.
  • the hot water flow occurring at a hot water extraction point is determined with a flow meter and the secondary heat generator is switched on when the determined hot water flow reaches the extraction limit value.
  • the hot water extraction point is to be understood as the water connection on the heating system at which the hot water is actually available to the user, e.g. the shower head, whereby, as will be discussed in more detail below and as is also apparent from patent claim 1, the flow meter does not have to be located at the hot water extraction point.
  • the total water tapped at the hot water tapping point regularly consists of a warm and a cold water portion.
  • the hot water proportion corresponds to the hot water flow rate mentioned above.
  • the cold water portion is added from an unheated (cold) water pipe.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that in phases with a low amount of hot water usage within a certain period of time (so-called efficiency operation), the water is heated as energy-efficiently as possible with the primary heat generator, which is preferably designed as a heat pump device, and that in (rather rare)
  • the secondary heat generator which is preferably designed as an electric heating device, is used to heat the water particularly quickly during phases with a large amount of hot water usage within a certain period of time (so-called comfort mode).
  • the method according to the invention is particularly energy-efficient and convenient due to the more precise detection (in comparison to the temperature measurement) of the removal of the hot water.
  • the heat pump device can of course continue to be operated in addition to the electric heating device in the last-mentioned phase, whereby it must be taken into account that the electric heating device works almost immediately or achieves full output, while the heat pump device can take a few minutes to required to provide full power.
  • the method according to the invention is also advantageous, as will be explained in more detail below, particularly in the case of heating systems with a comparatively small hot water storage tank, since in this way a high level of comfort can be guaranteed despite the limited hot water capacity if it is actually once (such as when letting in a hot bathtub) large amounts of warm water are required.
  • EP 3 032 181 B1 is also a heating system with a hot water supply is known, in which the user can set an increased hot water demand via a control device.
  • This solution uses an electric instantaneous water heater with a flow meter, which, however, only measures the flow at the electric instantaneous water heater and not at a hot water extraction point in the entire system.
  • thermotechnical system water is heated in an initially known manner either with a primary heat generator 1 and/or with a secondary heat generator 2 that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator 1 .
  • a heat pump in particular an air-water heat pump
  • an electric heating device in particular a heating element arranged in a hot water tank 3
  • the secondary heat generator 2 in particular the said electric heating device, could also be provided on the hot water distribution, ie on the water circuit provided with a hot water extraction point 5.
  • thermotechnical plant as from figure 1 apparent, provided that the heated water is stored in a hot water tank 3 and removed from the hot water tank 3 to provide hot water.
  • both the withdrawal limit value and the hot water flow rate are specified as volume per time, ie in particular with the SI units [m 3 /s] or correspondingly converted units, or are used as a basis for further mathematical processing.
  • withdrawal limit value it is further preferably provided that this is determined during operation of the heating system when hot water is being withdrawn as a function of at least one operating parameter of the heating system.
  • an available heat output of the primary heat generator 1 is used as the operating parameter.
  • a loading condition of the hot water storage tank 3 is used as an operating parameter, this being dependent on thermal energy stored in the water of the hot water storage tank 3 and a temperature stratification of the water in the hot water storage tank 3 .
  • weather conditions can also be used to determine the withdrawal limit value.
  • Weather conditions are important, for example, if the primary heat generator 1 is a heat pump.
  • the extraction limit value is calculated and defined during the operation of the heating system when hot water is extracted at a specific time of day as a function of a consumption profile resulting from a large number of previous hot water extractions.
  • a hot water tank 3 with a maximum water volume of 200 liters is used.
  • the method according to the invention leads to a high level of comfort in the hot water supply, in particular despite the use of a comparatively small hot water storage tank 3 .
  • the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for this application.
  • thermotechnical system which—apart from the flow meter 4—is not shown separately, is of course provided with a corresponding sensor system (for example temperature sensors) and associated wiring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer wärmetechnischen Anlage, bei dem Wasser wahlweise mit einem Primärwärmeerzeuger (1) und/oder mit einem im Vergleich zum Primärwärmeerzeuger (1) weniger energieeffizienten Sekundärwärmeerzeuger (2) erwärmt, in einem Warmwasserspeicher (3) gespeichert und zur Warmwasserbereitstellung aus dem Warmwasserspeicher (3) entnommen wird, wobei das Wasser bis zu einem Entnahmegrenzwert ausschließlich mit dem energieeffizienteren Primärwärmeerzeuger (1) und ab dem Entnahmegrenzwert mindestens mit dem Sekundärwärmeerzeuger (2) erwärmt wird. Nach der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass bei einer Warmwasserentnahme aus dem Warmwasserspeicher (3) mit einem Durchflussmesser (4) der an einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle (5) auftretende Warmwasserdurchfluss ermittelt und der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger (2) eingeschaltet wird, wenn der ermittelte Warmwasserdurchfluss den Entnahmegrenzwert erreicht.

Figure imgaf001
The invention relates to a method for operating a heating system, in which water is optionally heated with a primary heat generator (1) and/or with a secondary heat generator (2) that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator (1), stored in a hot water storage tank (3) and used for Hot water supply is taken from the hot water tank (3), the water being heated up to a withdrawal limit exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator (1) and from the withdrawal limit at least with the secondary heat generator (2). According to the invention, when hot water is drawn from the hot water tank (3), the hot water flow occurring at a hot water extraction point (5) is determined with a flow meter (4) and the secondary heat generator (2) is switched on when the determined hot water flow reaches the extraction limit value.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer wärmetechnischen Anlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for operating a heating system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer wärmetechnischen Anlage der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2005 042 495 A1 bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird Wasser wahlweise mit einem Primärwärmeerzeuger und/oder mit einem im Vergleich zum Primärwärmeerzeuger weniger energieeffizienten Sekundärwärmeerzeuger erwärmt, in einem Warmwasserspeicher gespeichert und zur Warmwasserbereitstellung aus dem Warmwasserspeicher entnommen. Ferner wird das Wasser bis zu einem Entnahmegrenzwert ausschließlich mit dem energieeffizienteren Primärwärmeerzeuger und ab dem Entnahmegrenzwert mindestens mit dem Sekundärwärmeerzeuger erwärmt. Bei dieser Lösung wird die Warmwasserentnahme mit Hilfe eines Temperatursensors detektiert.A method for operating a thermotechnical system of the type mentioned is from the published application DE 10 2005 042 495 A1 known. In this process, water is heated either with a primary heat generator and/or with a secondary heat generator that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator, stored in a hot water tank and removed from the hot water tank to provide hot water. Furthermore, up to a withdrawal limit, the water is heated exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator and from the withdrawal limit at least with the secondary heat generator. With this solution, hot water extraction is detected with the help of a temperature sensor.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu verbessern. Insbesondere soll ein einerseits möglichst energieeffizientes andererseits aber auch Komfort bietendes Verfahren geschaffen werden.The object of the invention is to improve a method of the type mentioned at the outset. In particular, a method that is as energy-efficient as possible on the one hand but also offers comfort on the other is to be created.

Diese Aufgabe ist mit einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved with a method of the type mentioned by the features listed in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Nach der Erfindung ist also vorgesehen, dass bei einer Warmwasserentnahme aus dem Warmwasserspeicher mit einem Durchflussmesser der an einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle auftretende Warmwasserdurchfluss ermittelt und der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger eingeschaltet wird, wenn der ermittelte Warmwasserdurchfluss den Entnahmegrenzwert erreicht.According to the invention it is therefore provided that when hot water is drawn from the hot water tank, the hot water flow occurring at a hot water extraction point is determined with a flow meter and the secondary heat generator is switched on when the determined hot water flow reaches the extraction limit value.

Unter Durchflussmesser ist dabei jede Einrichtung zu verstehen, mit der es möglich ist, einen Durchfluss festzustellen, wobei es letztlich nicht darauf ankommt, den Durchfluss quantitativ ermitteln zu können. Besonders bevorzugt, weil kostengünstig, ist dabei ganz konkret vorgesehen, als Durchflussmesser einen sogenannten Strömungsschalter zu verwenden, der ab einem vorbestimmten Durchflusswert (= Entnahmegrenzwert) einen Durchfluss an eine Regelung der wärmetechnischen Anlage signalisiert.A flow meter is to be understood as meaning any device with which it is possible to determine a flow, although ultimately it is not important to be able to determine the flow quantitatively. It is particularly preferred, because it is cost-effective, to use a so-called flow switch as a flow meter, which signals a flow to a controller of the heating system from a predetermined flow value (= withdrawal limit value).

Unter Warmwasserentnahmestelle ist dabei derjenige Wasseranschluss an der wärmetechnischen Anlage zu verstehen, an dem das Warmwasser dem Nutzer tatsächlich zur Verfügung steht, also zum Beispiel der Duschkopf, wobei, worauf weiter unten noch genauer eingegangen wird und wie es sich auch aus dem Patentanspruch 1 ergibt, der Durchflussmesser nicht an der Warmwasserentnahmestelle angeordnet sein muss.The hot water extraction point is to be understood as the water connection on the heating system at which the hot water is actually available to the user, e.g. the shower head, whereby, as will be discussed in more detail below and as is also apparent from patent claim 1, the flow meter does not have to be located at the hot water extraction point.

Das insgesamt an der Warmwasserentnahmestelle gezapfte Wasser (Mischwasser) besteht dabei regelmäßig aus einem Warm- und einem Kaltwasseranteil. Der Warmwasseranteil entspricht dabei dem oben genannten Warmwasserdurchfluss. Der Kaltwasseranteil wird aus einer unbeheizten (Kalt-) Wasserleitung beigemischt.The total water tapped at the hot water tapping point (mixed water) regularly consists of a warm and a cold water portion. The hot water proportion corresponds to the hot water flow rate mentioned above. The cold water portion is added from an unheated (cold) water pipe.

Weiterhin wird noch darauf hingewiesen, dass der vorgenannte "Entnahmegrenzwert" (wie oben ausgeführt) zwar ein feststehender Wert sein kann. Besonders bevorzugt ist aber, worauf weiter unten auch noch genauer eingegangen wird, vorgesehen, dass er während des Betriebs der wärmetechnische Anlage orientiert an anderen Betriebsparametern festgelegt wird. Der verwendete Begriff "Warmwasserdurchfluss" entspricht dabei wahlweise einem Instantan- oder einem zeitlich gemittelten Wert.Furthermore, it is pointed out that the aforementioned "withdrawal limit value" (as explained above) can indeed be a fixed value. However, it is particularly preferred, which will also be discussed in more detail below, that it is defined during the operation of the thermotechnical installation based on other operating parameters. The term “hot water flow” used here corresponds either to an instantaneous value or to a value averaged over time.

Mit anderen Worten zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren somit dadurch aus, dass in Phasen mit geringer Warmwassernutzungsmenge innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraumes (sogenannter Effizienzbetrieb) das Wasser möglichst energieeffizient mit dem Primärwärmeerzeuger, der vorzugsweise als Wärmepumpeneinrichtung ausgebildet ist, erwärmt wird und dass in (eher seltenen) Phasen mit großer Warmwassernutzungsmenge innerhalb des bestimmten Zeitraumes (sogenannter Komfortbetrieb) jedenfalls der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger, der vorzugsweise als Elektroheizeinrichtung ausgebildet ist, zum besonders schnellen Erwärmen des Wassers eingesetzt wird. Aufgrund der (im Vergleich zur Temperaturmessung) genaueren Detektion der Entnahme des Warmwassers ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besonders energieeffizient und komfortabel.In other words, the method according to the invention is characterized in that in phases with a low amount of hot water usage within a certain period of time (so-called efficiency operation), the water is heated as energy-efficiently as possible with the primary heat generator, which is preferably designed as a heat pump device, and that in (rather rare) In any case, the secondary heat generator, which is preferably designed as an electric heating device, is used to heat the water particularly quickly during phases with a large amount of hot water usage within a certain period of time (so-called comfort mode). The method according to the invention is particularly energy-efficient and convenient due to the more precise detection (in comparison to the temperature measurement) of the removal of the hot water.

Insbesondere bei Verwendung einer Wärmepumpen- und Elektroheizeinrichtung kann dabei in der zuletzt genannten Phase selbstverständlich neben der Elektroheizeinrichtung auch die Wärmepumpeneinrichtung weiter betrieben werden, wobei zu berücksichtigen ist, dass die Elektroheizeinrichtung praktisch sofort wirkt bzw. volle Leistung bringt, während die Wärmepumpeneinrichtung durchaus einige Minuten bis zur Bereitstellung der vollen Leistung benötigt.In particular when using a heat pump and electric heating device, the heat pump device can of course continue to be operated in addition to the electric heating device in the last-mentioned phase, whereby it must be taken into account that the electric heating device works almost immediately or achieves full output, while the heat pump device can take a few minutes to required to provide full power.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dabei weiterhin, was nachfolgend noch genauer erläutert wird, insbesondere bei wärmetechnischen Anlagen mit vergleichsweise kleinem Warmwasserspeicher vorteilhaft, da auf diese Weise trotz der beschränkten Warmwasserkapazität ein hoher Komfort gewährleistet werden kann, wenn tatsächlich einmal (wie zum Beispiel beim Einlassen einer heißen Badewanne) große Mengen warmes Wasser benötigt werden.The method according to the invention is also advantageous, as will be explained in more detail below, particularly in the case of heating systems with a comparatively small hot water storage tank, since in this way a high level of comfort can be guaranteed despite the limited hot water capacity if it is actually once (such as when letting in a hot bathtub) large amounts of warm water are required.

Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen.Other advantageous developments of the method according to the invention result from the dependent patent claims.

Zum Stand der Technik wird noch auf folgende Dokumente hingewiesen:
Aus dem Dokument DE 10 2011 113 615 A1 ist eine Warmwasserbereitung mit einer Fernbedienungseinrichtung bekannt, mit der manuell eine Zusatz-Warmwasseranforderung eingestellt werden kann. Hier muss also der Betreiber handeln.Regarding the state of the art, reference is also made to the following documents:
From the document DE 10 2011 113 615 A1 is a water heating with a remote control device is known, with which an additional hot water requirement can be set manually. So the operator has to act here.

Aus dem Dokument EP 3 032 181 B1 ist ebenfalls ein Heizsystem mit einer Warmwasserbereitstellung bekannt, bei dem der Nutzer einen erhöhten Warmwasserbedarf über ein Steuergerät einstellen kann. Bei dieser Lösung wird ein Elektrodurchlauferhitzer mit einem Durchflussmesser verwendet, der allerdings nur den Durchfluss am Elektrodurchlauferhitzer und nicht an einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle des Gesamtsystems misst.From the document EP 3 032 181 B1 is also a heating system with a hot water supply is known, in which the user can set an increased hot water demand via a control device. This solution uses an electric instantaneous water heater with a flow meter, which, however, only measures the flow at the electric instantaneous water heater and not at a hot water extraction point in the entire system.

Nur der Vollständigkeit halber wird schließlich noch auf die weiter abliegenden Dokumente DE 10 2004 042 972 A1 , DE 10 2011 086 819 A1 , DE 10 2011 088 913 A1 , EP 2 704 367 B1 und DE 20 2015 004 569 U1 hingewiesen.Finally, for the sake of completeness, reference is made to the documents that are further away DE 10 2004 042 972 A1 , DE 10 2011 086 819 A1 , DE 10 2011 088 913 A1 , EP 2 704 367 B1 and DE 20 2015 004 569 U1 pointed out.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren einschließlich seiner vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen gemäß der abhängigen Patentansprüche wird nachfolgend anhand der zeichnerischen Darstellung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The method according to the invention, including its advantageous developments according to the dependent patent claims, is explained in more detail below with reference to the graphic representation of a preferred exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigtIt shows

Figur 1figure 1
schematisch eine mögliche Ausführungsform der wärmetechnischen Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit einem im Warmwasserspeicher angeordneten Heizstab.schematically shows a possible embodiment of the thermotechnical system for carrying out the method according to the invention with a heating element arranged in the hot water tank.

Bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten wärmetechnischen Anlage wird in zunächst bekannter Weise Wasser wahlweise mit einem Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 und/oder mit einem im Vergleich zum Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 weniger energieeffizienten Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2 erwärmt.At the in figure 1 In the thermotechnical system shown, water is heated in an initially known manner either with a primary heat generator 1 and/or with a secondary heat generator 2 that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator 1 .

Dabei ist, wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass als Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 eine Wärmepumpe, insbesondere eine Luft-Wasser-Wärmepumpe, verwendet wird. Ferner ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass als Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2 eine Elektroheizeinrichtung, insbesondere ein in einem Warmwasserspeicher 3 angeordneter Heizstab, verwendet wird. Alternativ oder sogar auch zusätzlich könnte der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2, insbesondere die besagte Elektroheizeinrichtung, dabei auch an der Warmwasserverteilung, also am mit einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle 5 versehenen Wasserkreislauf, vorgesehen sein.That's how it is figure 1 apparent, it is particularly preferred that a heat pump, in particular an air-water heat pump, is used as the primary heat generator 1 . Furthermore, it is preferably provided that an electric heating device, in particular a heating element arranged in a hot water tank 3 , is used as the secondary heat generator 2 . Alternatively or even additionally, the secondary heat generator 2, in particular the said electric heating device, could also be provided on the hot water distribution, ie on the water circuit provided with a hot water extraction point 5.

Weiterhin ist bei der wärmetechnischen Anlage, wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, vorgesehen, dass das erwärmte Wasser in einem Warmwasserspeicher 3 gespeichert und zur Warmwasserbereitstellung aus dem Warmwasserspeicher 3 entnommen wird.Furthermore, at the thermotechnical plant, as from figure 1 apparent, provided that the heated water is stored in a hot water tank 3 and removed from the hot water tank 3 to provide hot water.

Ferner ist - in an sich bekannter Weise - vorgesehen, dass das Wasser bis zu einem Entnahmegrenzwert ausschließlich mit dem energieeffizienteren Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 und ab dem Entnahmegrenzwert mindestens mit dem Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2 erwärmt wird.Furthermore, it is provided—in a manner known per se—that the water is heated up to a withdrawal limit exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator 1 and from the withdrawal limit at least with the secondary heat generator 2 .

Wesentlich für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist nun, dass bei einer Warmwasserentnahme aus dem Warmwasserspeicher 3 mit einem Durchflussmesser 4 der an einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle 5 auftretende Warmwasserdurchfluss ermittelt und der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger 2 eingeschaltet wird, wenn der ermittelte Warmwasserdurchfluss den Entnahmegrenzwert erreicht.It is essential for the method according to the invention that when hot water is drawn from the hot water storage tank 3, the hot water flow occurring at a hot water extraction point 5 is determined with a flow meter 4 and the secondary heat generator 2 is switched on when the determined hot water flow reaches the extraction limit value.

Dabei ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass sowohl der Entnahmegrenzwert als auch der Warmwasserdurchfluss als Volumen pro Zeit, also insbesondere mit den SI-Einheiten [m3/s] oder entsprechend umgerechneten Einheiten angegeben bzw. bei der weiteren rechnerischen Verarbeitung zugrunde gelegt wird.It is preferably provided that both the withdrawal limit value and the hot water flow rate are specified as volume per time, ie in particular with the SI units [m 3 /s] or correspondingly converted units, or are used as a basis for further mathematical processing.

Bezüglich des vorgenannten Entnahmegrenzwertes ist dabei weiterhin bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass dieser während des Betriebs der wärmetechnischen Anlage bei einer Warmwasserentnahme in Abhängigkeit von mindestens einem Betriebsparameter der wärmetechnischen Anlage festgelegt wird.With regard to the aforementioned withdrawal limit value, it is further preferably provided that this is determined during operation of the heating system when hot water is being withdrawn as a function of at least one operating parameter of the heating system.

Nach einer ersten Option wird dabei als Betriebsparameter eine verfügbare Heizleistung des Primärwärmeerzeugers 1 verwendet. Nach einer zweiten Option wird als Betriebsparameter ein Beladezustand des Warmwasserspeichers 3 verwendet, wobei dieser von einer im Wasser des Warmwasserspeichers 3 gespeicherten Wärmeenergie und einer Temperaturschichtung des Wassers im Warmwasserspeicher 3 abhängt.According to a first option, an available heat output of the primary heat generator 1 is used as the operating parameter. According to a second option, a loading condition of the hot water storage tank 3 is used as an operating parameter, this being dependent on thermal energy stored in the water of the hot water storage tank 3 and a temperature stratification of the water in the hot water storage tank 3 .

Zudem können je nach Art des Primärwärmeerzeugers 1 auch weitere Parameter, wie etwa Witterungsbedingungen, zu Festlegung des Entnahmegrenzwerts herangezogen werden. Witterungebedingungen sind beispielsweise von Bedeutung, wenn es sich bei dem Primärwärmeerzeuger 1 um eine Wärmepumpe handelt.Depending on the type of primary heat generator 1, other parameters, such as weather conditions, can also be used to determine the withdrawal limit value. Weather conditions are important, for example, if the primary heat generator 1 is a heat pump.

Weiterhin ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Entnahmegrenzwert während des Betriebs der wärmetechnischen Anlage bei einer Warmwasserentnahme zu einer bestimmten Tageszeit in Abhängigkeit eines sich aus einer Vielzahl vorausgegangener Warmwasserentnahmen ergebenden Verbrauchsprofils errechnet und festgelegt wird.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the extraction limit value is calculated and defined during the operation of the heating system when hot water is extracted at a specific time of day as a function of a consumption profile resulting from a large number of previous hot water extractions.

Außerdem ist besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass ein Warmwasserspeicher 3 mit einem Wasservolumen von höchstens 200 Litern verwendet wird. Mit anderen Worten: Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren führt insbesondere trotz Verwendung eines vergleichsweise kleinen Warmwasserspeichers 3 zu einem hohen Komfort bei der Warmwasserversorgung. Für diesen Anwendungsfall ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besonders vorteilhaft einsetzbar.In addition, it is particularly preferred that a hot water tank 3 with a maximum water volume of 200 liters is used. In other words: the method according to the invention leads to a high level of comfort in the hot water supply, in particular despite the use of a comparatively small hot water storage tank 3 . The method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for this application.

Wie weiterhin aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, ist besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Warmwasserdurchfluss mit dem an einem Kaltwasserzulauf 6 des Warmwasserspeichers 3 angeordneten Durchflussmesser 4 ermittelt wird.How to continue figure 1 seen, is particularly preferably provided that the hot water flow with the one Cold water inlet 6 of the hot water tank 3 arranged flow meter 4 is determined.

Schließlich wird darauf hingewiesen, dass zur Umsetzung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens selbstverständlich nicht nur die dargestellte Ausführungsform mit einer Rohrwendel im Warmwasserspeicher 3 in Betracht kommt: Genauso gut könnte ein sogenanntes Ladesystem mit Elektroheizung im Speicher und/oder im Sekundärkreis vorgesehen sein. Außerdem ist die wärmetechnische Anlage, was - abgesehen vom Durchflussmesser 4 - nicht extra dargestellt ist, selbstverständlich mit einer entsprechenden Sensorik (zum Beispiel Temperatursensoren) und dazugehöriger Verkabelung versehen.Finally, it is pointed out that for the implementation of the method according to the invention not only the illustrated embodiment with a coiled tubing in the hot water storage tank 3 can be considered: a so-called charging system with electric heating in the storage tank and/or in the secondary circuit could just as well be provided. In addition, the thermotechnical system, which—apart from the flow meter 4—is not shown separately, is of course provided with a corresponding sensor system (for example temperature sensors) and associated wiring.

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
Primärwärmeerzeugerprimary heat generator
22
Sekundärwärmeerzeugersecondary heat generator
33
Warmwasserspeicherhot water tank
44
Durchflussmesserflow meter
55
Warmwasserentnahmestellehot water tapping point
66
Kaltwasserzulaufcold water inlet

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Betrieb einer wärmetechnischen Anlage, bei dem Wasser wahlweise mit einem Primärwärmeerzeuger (1) und/oder mit einem im Vergleich zum Primärwärmeerzeuger (1) weniger energieeffizienten Sekundärwärmeerzeuger (2) erwärmt, in einem Warmwasserspeicher (3) gespeichert und zur Warmwasserbereitstellung aus dem Warmwasserspeicher (3) entnommen wird, wobei das Wasser bis zu einem Entnahmegrenzwert ausschließlich mit dem energieeffizienteren Primärwärmeerzeuger (1) und ab dem Entnahmegrenzwert mindestens mit dem Sekundärwärmeerzeuger (2) erwärmt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass bei einer Warmwasserentnahme aus dem Warmwasserspeicher (3) mit einem Durchflussmesser (4) der an einer Warmwasserentnahmestelle (5) auftretende Warmwasserdurchfluss ermittelt und der Sekundärwärmeerzeuger (2) eingeschaltet wird, wenn der ermittelte Warmwasserdurchfluss den Entnahmegrenzwert erreicht.Process for operating a thermal engineering system, in which water is heated either with a primary heat generator (1) and/or with a secondary heat generator (2) that is less energy-efficient than the primary heat generator (1), stored in a hot water tank (3) and used to provide hot water from the hot water tank (3) is removed, the water being heated up to a removal limit value exclusively with the more energy-efficient primary heat generator (1) and from the removal limit value at least with the secondary heat generator (2), characterized in that
that when hot water is drawn from the hot water tank (3) with a flow meter (4), the hot water flow occurring at a hot water extraction point (5) is determined and the secondary heat generator (2) is switched on when the determined hot water flow reaches the extraction limit value. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Entnahmegrenzwert während des Betriebs der wärmetechnischen Anlage bei einer Warmwasserentnahme in Abhängigkeit von mindestens einem Betriebsparameter der wärmetechnischen Anlage festgelegt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the removal limit value is set during the operation of the thermotechnical system when hot water is extracted as a function of at least one operating parameter of the thermotechnical system. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als Betriebsparameter eine verfügbare Heizleistung des Primärwärmeerzeugers (1) verwendet wird.Method according to claim 2,
characterized,
that an available heat output of the primary heat generator (1) is used as the operating parameter. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als Betriebsparameter ein Beladezustand des Warmwasserspeichers (3) verwendet wird, wobei dieser von einer im Wasser des Warmwasserspeicher (3) gespeicherten Wärmeenergie und einer Temperaturschichtung des Wassers im Warmwasserspeicher (3) abhängt.Method according to claim 2,
characterized,
that a loading condition of the hot water tank (3) is used as the operating parameter, this being dependent on a thermal energy stored in the water of the hot water tank (3) and a temperature stratification of the water in the hot water tank (3). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Entnahmegrenzwert während des Betriebs der wärmetechnischen Anlage bei einer Warmwasserentnahme zu einer bestimmten Tageszeit in Abhängigkeit eines sich aus einer Vielzahl vorausgegangener Warmwasserentnahmen ergebenden Verbrauchsprofils errechnet und festgelegt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the extraction limit value is calculated and fixed during the operation of the heating system for a hot water extraction at a specific time of day depending on a consumption profile resulting from a large number of previous hot water extractions. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass sowohl der Entnahmegrenzwert als auch der Warmwasserdurchfluss als Volumen pro Zeit, also insbesondere mit den SI-Einheiten [m3/s] oder entsprechend umgerechneten Einheiten angegeben wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that both the extraction limit value and the hot water flow rate are specified as volume per time, i.e. in particular with the SI units [m 3 /s] or correspondingly converted units. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Warmwasserdurchfluss mit dem an einem Kaltwasserzulauf (6) des Warmwasserspeichers (3) angeordneten Durchflussmesser (4) ermittelt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the hot water flow rate is determined with the flow meter (4) arranged on a cold water inlet (6) of the hot water tank (3). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als Primärwärmeerzeuger (1) eine Wärmepumpe verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that a heat pump is used as the primary heat generator (1). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als Sekundärwärmeerzeuger (2) eine Elektroheizeinrichtung verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that an electric heating device is used as the secondary heat generator (2). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass ein Warmwasserspeicher (3) mit einem Wasservolumen von höchstens 200 Litern verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that a hot water tank (3) with a maximum water volume of 200 liters is used.
EP22155329.0A 2021-04-30 2022-02-07 Method for operating a thermal engineering system Active EP4083520B1 (en)

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DE102004018034A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2005-11-17 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Hot water storage system for heat pump is triggered either by a temperature sensor or an impeller flow meter
DE102004042972A1 (en) 2004-09-06 2006-03-09 Hönig, Christina Thermal solar system regulating method, involves predicting solar output of solar system to optimize supply sequence of solar output during different consumptions, and determining best variant by technical parameter of heat pump
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